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Malcomson FC, Parra-Soto S, Lu L, Ho F, Celis-Morales C, Sharp L, Mathers JC. Socio-demographic variation in adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) Cancer Prevention Recommendations within the UK Biobank prospective cohort study. J Public Health (Oxf) 2024; 46:61-71. [PMID: 37986550 PMCID: PMC10901269 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdad218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2018 (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) Cancer Prevention Recommendations are evidence-based lifestyle recommendations which aim to reduce the risk of cancer worldwide. Sociodemographic factors modulate lifestyle behaviours, and both cancer incidence and survival are socio-economically patterned. We investigated adherence to these recommendations and examined patterns of adherence across sociodemographic subgroups in the UK Biobank cohort. METHODS We included 158 415 UK Biobank participants (mean age 56 years, 53% female). Total adherence scores were derived from dietary, physical activity and anthropometric data using the 2018 WCRF/AICR standardized scoring system. One-Way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for differences in total scores and in values for individual score components according to sociodemographic factors and Pearson's Χ2 test to investigate associations between sociodemographic factors according to tertiles of adherence score. RESULTS Mean total adherence score was 3.85 points (SD 1.05, range 0-7 points). Higher total scores were observed in females, and older (>57 years), Chinese or South Asian, and more educated participants. We found significant variations in adherence to individual recommendations by sociodemographic factors including education, Townsend deprivation index and ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS Identifying and understanding lifestyle and dietary patterns according to sociodemographic factors could help to guide public health strategies for the prevention of cancers and other non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C Malcomson
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Centre for Cancer, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Solange Parra-Soto
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan, Chile
| | - Liya Lu
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Centre for Cancer, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Frederick Ho
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
- Human Performance Lab, Education, Physical Activity and Health Research Unit, University Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Linda Sharp
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Centre for Cancer, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - John C Mathers
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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Malcomson FC, Parra-Soto S, Ho FK, Celis-Morales C, Sharp L, Mathers JC. Abbreviated Score to Assess Adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR Cancer Prevention Recommendations and Risk of Cancer in the UK Biobank. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:33-42. [PMID: 37909916 PMCID: PMC10774737 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) Cancer Prevention Recommendations are lifestyle-based guidelines which aim to reduce cancer risk. This study investigated, in the UK Biobank, associations between an abbreviated score to assess adherence to these Recommendations and the risk of all cancers combined and of 14 cancers for which there is strong evidence for links with diet, adiposity, and physical activity. METHODS We used data from 288,802 UK Biobank participants (mean age 56.2 years), cancer-free at baseline. An abbreviated version of the 2018 WCRF/AICR Score was calculated to assess adherence to five Recommendations on (i) body weight, (ii) physical activity, (iii) fruits, vegetables, and dietary fiber, (iv) red and processed meat, and (v) alcohol. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze associations between the abbreviated score (range, 0-5 points) and cancer incidence, adjusting for confounders. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 8.2 years (interquartile range, 7.4-8.9), 23,448 participants were diagnosed with cancer. The abbreviated score was inversely associated with risk of cancer overall [HR: 0.93; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.92-0.95 per 1-point increment], and breast (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.87-0.94), colorectal (HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.83-0.90), lung (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.84-0.94), kidney (HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.76-0.90), pancreatic (HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.79-0.94), uterine (HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.73-0.86), esophageal (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.75-0.90), stomach (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.79-0.99), and liver (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.72-0.90) cancers. CONCLUSIONS Greater adherence to the Cancer Prevention Recommendations, assessed using an abbreviated score, was associated with reduced risk of all cancers combined and of nine site-specific cancers. IMPACT Our findings support compliance to these Recommendations for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C. Malcomson
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cancer, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Solange Parra-Soto
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan, Chile
| | - Frederick K. Ho
- School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Human Performance Lab, Education, Physical Activity and Health Research Unit, University Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Linda Sharp
- Centre for Cancer, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John C. Mathers
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Osman AE, Alharbi S, Ahmed AA, Elbagir AA. Single nucleotide polymorphism within chromosome 8q24 is associated with prostate cancer development in Saudi Arabia. Asian J Urol 2024; 11:26-32. [PMID: 38312824 PMCID: PMC10837665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Genome-wide association studies have demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are important risk factors for the development of prostate cancer (PCa). Preliminary studies have suggested that the incidence of PCa in Saudi males is low but is probably familial or genetically related. Methods To identify any possible association of SNP with PCa development in Saudi patients, we investigated a group of SNPs in Saudi PCa patients (n=85) and compared the outcomes to healthy normal controls (n=115) and nodular hyperplasia patients (n=120). DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded formalin fixed tissue or whole blood from both patients' groups and healthy control group. A total of thirteen SNPs were genotyped using TaqMan® minor groove binder polymerase chain reaction assay. Results The rs16901979A, s629242T and rs1447295A alleles were found at significantly higher frequency in PCa patients than controls (p<0.05). The rs16901979 CA genotype was found at significantly greater frequency in PCa patients than in healthy controls (43% vs. 14%, odds ratio=4.6, p=0.0001) and benign hyperplasia group (43% vs. 25%, odds ratio=2.2, p=0.009). Conclusion Our study has highlighted the association of rs16901979 SNP with PCa in Saudi males. Such findings have important implications in the PCa diagnosis and in screening unaffected family members of Saudi patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awad Elsid Osman
- Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Management Department (PCLM), King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Alharbi
- Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Management Department (PCLM), King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Ali Ahmed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Missouri at Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Asim Ali Elbagir
- Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Management Department (PCLM), King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Malcomson FC, Parra-Soto S, Ho FK, Lu L, Celis-Morales C, Sharp L, Mathers JC. Adherence to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) Cancer Prevention Recommendations and risk of 14 lifestyle-related cancers in the UK Biobank prospective cohort study. BMC Med 2023; 21:407. [PMID: 38012714 PMCID: PMC10683228 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03107-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) Cancer Prevention Recommendations are lifestyle-based recommendations which aim to reduce cancer risk. This study investigated associations between adherence, assessed using a standardised scoring system, and the risk of all cancers combined and of 14 cancers for which there is strong evidence for links with aspects of lifestyle in the UK. METHODS We used data from 94,778 participants (53% female, mean age 56 years) from the UK Biobank. Total adherence scores (range 0-7 points) were derived from dietary, physical activity, and anthropometric data. Associations between total score and cancer risk (all cancers combined; and prostate, breast, colorectal, lung, uterine, liver, pancreatic, stomach, oesophageal, head and neck, ovarian, kidney, bladder, and gallbladder cancer) were investigated using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for age, sex, deprivation index, ethnicity, and smoking status. RESULTS Mean total score was 3.8 (SD 1.0) points. During a median follow-up of 8 years, 7296 individuals developed cancer. Total score was inversely associated with risk of all cancers combined (HR: 0.93; 95%CI: 0.90-0.95 per 1-point increment), as well as breast (HR: 0.90; 95%CI: 0.86-0.95), colorectal (HR: 0.90; 95%CI: 0.84-0.97), kidney (HR: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.72-0.94), oesophageal (HR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.71-0.98), ovarian (HR: 0.76; 95%CI: 0.65-0.90), liver (HR: 0.78; 95%CI: 0.63-0.97), and gallbladder (HR: 0.70; 95%CI: 0.53-0.93) cancers. CONCLUSIONS Greater adherence to lifestyle-based recommendations was associated with reduced risk of all cancers combined and of breast, colorectal, kidney, oesophageal, ovarian, liver, and gallbladder cancers. Our findings support compliance with the Cancer Prevention Recommendations for cancer prevention in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C Malcomson
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Centre for Cancer, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Solange Parra-Soto
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan, Chile
| | - Frederick K Ho
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Liya Lu
- Centre for Cancer, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Human Performance Lab, Education, Physical Activity and Health Research Unit, University Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Linda Sharp
- Centre for Cancer, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
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Malcomson FC, Wiggins C, Parra-Soto S, Ho FK, Celis-Morales C, Sharp L, Mathers JC. Adherence to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Cancer Prevention Recommendations and cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer 2023; 129:2655-2670. [PMID: 37309215 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Cancer Prevention Recommendations are lifestyle-based guidelines that aim to reduce cancer risk. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating associations between a score for adherence to the 2018 Cancer Prevention Recommendations and cancer risk was conducted. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for studies published to November 28, 2022. In meta-analysis, the estimated risk ratios and 95% CIs for adherence score as a continuous (per 1-point increment) and categorical (highest vs. lowest score category) variable using random-effects models were estimated. RESULTS Eighteen studies (11 cohort; seven case-control) were included investigating incidence of breast (n = 7), colorectal (n = 5), prostate (n = 2), lung (n = 2), pancreatic (n = 1), endometrial (n = 1), unknown primary cancer (n = 1), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n = 1), and overall (any) cancer (n = 1). The summary risk ratio per 1-point increment in adherence score was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.85-0.93; I2 = 76.5%; n = 7) for breast cancer, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84-0.91; I2 = 26.2%; n = 4) for colorectal cancer, and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.86-0.98, I2 = 66.0%; n = 2) for lung cancer. There were no significant associations with prostate or other cancers. Meta-analysis results using categorical adherence score variables were consistent with these findings. CONCLUSIONS Greater adherence to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Cancer Prevention Recommendations was associated with lower risk of breast, colorectal, and lung cancers. Future studies investigating associations with risk of other forms of cancer are warranted. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022313327.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C Malcomson
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher Wiggins
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Solange Parra-Soto
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan, Chile
| | - Frederick K Ho
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Human Performance Lab, Education, Physical Activity and Health Research Unit, University Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Linda Sharp
- Centre for Cancer, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Lee J, Shin A, Shin WK, Choi JY, Kang D, Lee JK. Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research and Korean Cancer Prevention Guidelines and cancer risk: a prospective cohort study from the Health Examinees-Gem study. Epidemiol Health 2023; 45:e2023070. [PMID: 37536716 PMCID: PMC10667577 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2023070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to explore the association between adherence to 2 cancer prevention recommendations and cancer risk. METHODS In total, 104,386 individuals aged 40-69 years old who were recruited between 2004 and 2013 in the Health Examinees-Gem study were included. Adherence scores were constructed based on 8 items from the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) cancer prevention recommendations, including body weight, physical activity, diet, alcohol consumption and breastfeeding, and on 6 items from the Korean cancer prevention guidelines (smoking status, eating vegetables and fruits, salty foods, alcohol intake, physical activity, and body weight). A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the associations between adherence scores and the risk of total and 5 major cancers. RESULTS The multivariable hazard ratio (HR) for total cancer with the high adherence score versus the lowest score (4.25-7.00 vs. 0.00-3.25) for the WCRF/AICR guidelines was 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82 to 1.00) in men. A reduced breast cancer risk was observed among women with the highest score. Men within the highest category of the Korean cancer prevention guideline score (3.25-6.00) had an HR of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.73 to 0.88) for developing total cancer compared to men within the lowest score (0.00-2.50). The higher adherence group among men showed lower risks of developing stomach, colorectal, and lung cancers. CONCLUSIONS Adhering to guidelines for cancer prevention can help to reduce the risk of developing cancer in Korean men. The association might differ by cancer type and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyoo Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology Major, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Koo Lee
- JW LEE Center for Global Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lozano-Lorca M, Barrios-Rodríguez R, Redondo-Sánchez D, Cózar JM, Arrabal-Martín M, García-Caballos M, Salcedo-Bellido I, Sánchez MJ, Jiménez-Moleón JJ, Olmedo-Requena R. Health-related quality of life in patients newly diagnosed with prostate cancer: CAPLIFE study. Qual Life Res 2023; 32:977-988. [PMID: 36409391 PMCID: PMC10063519 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-022-03302-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyse the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) at diagnosis of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) according to tumour extension and urinary symptomatology and to explore factors associated with HRQoL. METHODS 408 Controls and 463 PCa cases were included. Eligibility criteria were a new diagnosis of PCa (cases), 40-80 years of age, and residence in the participating hospitals' coverage area for ≥ 6 months before recruitment. HRQoL was evaluated using the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey, Mental (MCS) and Physical Component Summaries (PCS), and urinary symptoms with the International Prostate Symptom Score. HRQoL scores for all PCa cases, according to tumour extension and urinary symptoms, were compared with controls. In addition, information about lifestyles and comorbidities was collected and its association with low HRQoL (lower scores) were explored using logistic regression models. RESULTS Overall cases had similar PCS score, but lower MCS score than controls. The lowest standardised scores for both PCS and MCS were reached by cases with severe urinary symptoms and a metastatic tumour [mean (SD); PCS: 41.9 (11.5), MCS: 42.3 (10.3)]. Having "below" PCS and MCS scores was associated with the presence of three or more comorbidities in the cases [aOR = 2.86 (1.19-6.84) for PCS and aOR = 3.58 (1.37-9.31) for MCS] and with severe urinary symptomatology [aOR = 4.71 (1.84-12.08) for PCS and aOR = 7.63 (2.70-21.58) for MCS]. CONCLUSION The mental dimension of HRQoL at diagnosis of patients with PCa was lower than in controls, especially for cases with severe urinary symptoms and a metastatic tumour. Comorbidities and urinary symptoms were variables associated with the HRQoL of PCa cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Lozano-Lorca
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, 18014, Granada, Spain
| | - Rocío Barrios-Rodríguez
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, 18014, Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Redondo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, 18014, Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Campus Universitario de Cartuja, C/Cuesta del Observatorio 4, 18080, Granada, Spain
| | - José-Manuel Cózar
- Urology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Marta García-Caballos
- Cartuja Primary Health Care Centre, Distrito Sanitario Granada-Metropolitano, 18013, Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Salcedo-Bellido
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, 18014, Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-José Sánchez
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, 18014, Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Campus Universitario de Cartuja, C/Cuesta del Observatorio 4, 18080, Granada, Spain
| | - José-Juan Jiménez-Moleón
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, 18014, Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Olmedo-Requena
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, 18016, Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, 18014, Granada, Spain.
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Donat-Vargas C, Kogevinas M, Castaño-Vinyals G, Pérez-Gómez B, Llorca J, Vanaclocha-Espí M, Fernandez-Tardon G, Costas L, Aragonés N, Gómez-Acebo I, Moreno V, Pollan M, Villanueva CM. Long-Term Exposure to Nitrate and Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water and Prostate Cancer: A Multicase-Control Study in Spain (MCC-Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:37004. [PMID: 36883836 PMCID: PMC9994181 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrate and trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water are widespread and are potential human carcinogens. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the association between drinking-water exposure to nitrate and THMs and prostate cancer. METHODS During the period 2008-2013, 697 hospital-based incident prostate cancer cases (97 aggressive tumors) and 927 population-based controls were recruited in Spain, providing information on residential histories and type of water consumed. Average nitrate and THMs levels in drinking water were linked with lifetime water consumption to calculate waterborne ingestion. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using mixed models with recruitment area as random effect. Effect modification by tumor grade (Gleason score), age, education, lifestyle, and dietary factors was explored. RESULTS Mean (±standard deviation) adult lifetime waterborne ingested nitrate (milligrams per day), brominated (Br)-THMs (micrograms per day), and chloroform (micrograms per day) were 11.5 (±9.0), 20.7 (±32.4), and 15.1 (±14.7) in controls. Waterborne ingested nitrate >13.8 vs. <5.5mg/d was associated with an OR of 1.74 (95% CI: 1.19, 2.54) overall, and 2.78 (95% CI: 1.23, 6.27) for tumors with Gleason scores ≥8. Associations were higher in the youngest and those with lower intakes of fiber, fruit/vegetables, and vitamin C. Waterborne ingested THMs were not associated with prostate cancer. Residential tap water levels of Br-THMs and chloroform showed, respectively, inverse and positive associations with prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest long-term waterborne ingested nitrate could be a risk factor of prostate cancer, particularly for aggressive tumors. High intakes of fiber, fruit/vegetables and vitamin C may lower this risk. Association with residential levels but not ingested chloroform/Br-THM may suggest inhalation and dermal routes could be relevant for prostate cancer. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11391.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Donat-Vargas
- Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Llorca
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Spain
| | - Mercedes Vanaclocha-Espí
- Cancer and Public Health Area, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research-Public Health Research (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Fernandez-Tardon
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Costas
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Aragonés
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology Section, Public Health Division, Department of Health of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Gómez-Acebo
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Colorectal Cancer Group, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Pollan
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina M. Villanueva
- Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Malcomson FC, Parra-Soto S, Lu L, Ho FK, Perez-Cornago A, Shams-White MM, van Zutphen M, Kampman E, Winkels RM, Mitrou P, Wiseman M, Romaguera D, Celis-Morales C, Sharp L, Mathers JC. Operationalisation of a standardised scoring system to assess adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research cancer prevention recommendations in the UK biobank. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1011786. [PMID: 36845047 PMCID: PMC9950547 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1011786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In 2018, The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) published ten evidence-based Cancer Prevention Recommendations designed to reduce the risk of cancer via improved lifestyle behaviours. In 2019, Shams-White and colleagues created the "2018 WCRF/AICR Score" which aimed to standardise how adherence to these recommendations is assessed. The standardised scoring system includes seven of the recommendations concerning weight, physical activity and diet, with an optional eighth recommendation on breastfeeding. To promote transparency and reproducibility, the present paper describes the methodology for operationalisation of the standardised scoring system in the UK Biobank. Methods UK Biobank recruited >500,000 individuals aged 37-73 years, between 2006 and 2010. In 2021, we held a workshop with experts which aimed to reach consensus on how to operationalise the scoring system using data available within UK Biobank. We used data on anthropometric measurements, physical activity and diet to calculate adherence scores. 24 h dietary assessment data were used to measure adherence to the following recommendations: "Eat a diet rich in wholegrains, vegetables, fruit, and beans", "Limit consumption of "fast foods" and other processed foods high in fat, starches or sugars" and "Limit consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks"; food frequency questionnaire data were used to assess adherence to "Limit consumption of red and processed meat" and "Limit alcohol consumption". Participants were allocated points for meeting, partially meeting or not meeting each recommendation, using cut-offs defined in the standardised scoring system. Results At our workshop, discussions included the use of national guidelines to assess adherence to the recommendation on alcohol consumption, as well as challenges faced including defining the adapted ultra-processed food variables. A total score was calculated for 158,415 participants (mean 3.9 points, range 0-7 points). We also describe the methodology to derive a partial 5-point adherence score using data from the food frequency questionnaire in 314,616 participants. Conclusion We describe the methodology used to estimate adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR Cancer Prevention Recommendations for participants in the UK Biobank, including some of the challenges faced operationalising the standardised scoring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C. Malcomson
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Solange Parra-Soto
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Liya Lu
- Centre for Cancer, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Frederick K. Ho
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marissa M. Shams-White
- Risk Factor Assessment Branch, Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Moniek van Zutphen
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Renate M. Winkels
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Panagiota Mitrou
- World Cancer Research Fund International, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Wiseman
- World Cancer Research Fund International, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Human Performance Lab, Education, Physical Activity and Health Research Unit, University Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Linda Sharp
- Centre for Cancer, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John C. Mathers
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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10
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Byrne S, Boyle T, Ahmed M, Lee SH, Benyamin B, Hyppönen E. Lifestyle, genetic risk and incidence of cancer: a prospective cohort study of 13 cancer types. Int J Epidemiol 2023:6990971. [PMID: 36651198 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic and lifestyle factors are associated with cancer risk. We investigated the benefits of adhering to lifestyle advice by the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) with the risk of 13 types of cancer and whether these associations differ according to genetic risk using data from the UK Biobank. METHODS In 2006-2010, participants aged 37-73 years had their lifestyle assessed and were followed up for incident cancers until 2015-2019. Analyses were restricted to those of White European ancestry with no prior history of malignant cancer (n = 195 822). Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were computed for 13 cancer types and these cancers combined ('overall cancer'), and a lifestyle index was calculated from WCRF recommendations. Associations with cancer incidence were estimated using Cox regression, adjusting for relevant confounders. Additive and multiplicative interactions between lifestyle index and PRSs were assessed. RESULTS There were 15 240 incident cancers during the 1 926 987 person-years of follow-up (median follow-up = 10.2 years). After adjusting for confounders, the lifestyle index was associated with a lower risk of overall cancer [hazard ratio per standard deviation increase (95% CI) = 0.89 (0.87, 0.90)] and of eight specific cancer types. There was no evidence of interactions on the multiplicative scale. There was evidence of additive interactions in risks for colorectal, breast, pancreatic, lung and bladder cancers, such that the recommended lifestyle was associated with greater change in absolute risk for persons at higher genetic risk (P < 0.0003 for all). CONCLUSIONS The recommended lifestyle has beneficial associations with most cancers. In terms of absolute risk, the protective association is greater for higher genetic risk groups for some cancers. These findings have important implications for persons most genetically predisposed to those cancers and for targeted strategies for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Byrne
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- UniSA Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Terry Boyle
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- UniSA Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Muktar Ahmed
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University Institute of Health, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Sang Hong Lee
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- UniSA Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Beben Benyamin
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- UniSA Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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11
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Lozano-Lorca M, Olmedo-Requena R, Barrios-Rodríguez R, Jiménez-Pacheco A, Vázquez-Alonso F, Castillo-Bueno HM, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Jiménez-Moleón JJ. Ejaculation Frequency and Prostate Cancer: CAPLIFE Study. World J Mens Health 2023:41.e39. [PMID: 37118956 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.220216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association between ejaculation frequency (EF) during four stages of life and prostate cancer (PCa) according to tumor aggressiveness, PCa stage, and urinary symptomatology. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 456 incident PCa cases histologically confirmed, and 427 controls aged 40-80 years from the CAPLIFE study were analyzed. This study is a population-based case-control study carried out in the south of Spain. Average EF was measured for: (1) 20s, (2) 30s, (3) 40s, and (4) one year before the interview. EF was categorized into: (1) 0-3, (2) 4, and (3) >4 ejaculations/month. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical information were also collected. To estimate the association between EF and PCa, adjusted ORs (aORs) and 95% CIs were calculated by logistic regression models. RESULTS A year before the interview, PCa cases ejaculated less frequently than the controls. An inverse association was observed between the EF a year before and PCa, aOR=1.64 (95% CI 1.03-2.61) for men with 4 ejaculations/month, and aOR=2.38 (95% CI 1.57-3.60) for men with 0-3 ejaculations/month, compared to men with >4. The association was higher for cases with ISUP 3-5 (aOR=2.76 [95% CI 1.34-5.67] for men with 0-3 ejaculations/month) or with a locally advanced-metastatic tumor (aOR=4.70 [95% CI 1.55-14.29]). Moreover, men with moderate urinary symptoms and 0-3 ejaculations/month had the highest risk, aOR=3.83 (95% CI 1.84-7.95). CONCLUSIONS A low EF could be associated with a higher risk of PCa, especially for cases with ISUP 3-5 or with a locally advanced-metastatic tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Lozano-Lorca
- Departamento de Enfermería, Faculty of Health Sciences of Ceuta, Universidad de Granada, Ceuta, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Rocío Olmedo-Requena
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rocío Barrios-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain
| | - José Juan Jiménez-Moleón
- Departamento de Enfermería, Faculty of Health Sciences of Ceuta, Universidad de Granada, Ceuta, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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12
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Application of the Updated WCRF/AICR Cancer Prevention Score as an Outcome for Cancer Survivors Participating in a Tailored and Intensive Dietary and Physical Activity Intervention. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224751. [PMID: 36432442 PMCID: PMC9699073 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) has defined evidence-based guidelines for cancer prevention. These recommendations have been operationalized into a quantitative index for individual assessment. Survivors of cancer are increasingly desiring guidance for diet and lifestyle, and in the absence of research in survivors, are often instructed to follow cancer prevention and public health guidelines. In this study, we examine the utility of the quantitative updated WCRF/AICR scoring criteria to assess change among cancer survivors with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) following an intensive behavioral intervention. We applied the WCRF/AICR scoring criteria (range 0−7) to examine changes over the duration of the study by paired t-tests. Two cancer survivor cohorts with OW/OB (n = 91) completed a six-month phase II clinical trial designed to improve dietary and physical activity patterns. At enrollment and post-intervention, participants completed assessments including anthropometrics, food frequency questionnaires, and objective evaluation of physical activity. Participants improved adherence to all scored recommendations, with a significant increase in mean score from enrollment (3.22 ± 1.06) to post-intervention (4.28 ± 1.04) (p < 0.001). Mean BMI and waist circumference improved (both p < 0.001). The greatest improvements were noted for fruit and non-starchy vegetable intakes (+39%, p < 0.001); the greatest decreases were observed for processed meat consumption (−70%, p < 0.001). The updated WCRF/AICR Score can be applied to cancer survivor intervention studies and provides a tool to compare trials in regard to the baseline status of populations enrolled and the success of the intervention. Future interventions incorporating standardized assessments will help guide effective strategies to improve the health and quality of life for cancer survivors.
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13
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Lung Cancer Risk in Men and Compliance with the 2018 WCRF/AICR Cancer Prevention Recommendations. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204295. [PMID: 36296978 PMCID: PMC9607029 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common and deadly form of cancer worldwide, especially in men. The 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) updated cancer prevention recommendations, and a standard scoring system (2018 WCRF/AICR Score) was published. The purpose of this study was to develop the adapted version of the 2018 WCRF/AICR Score with respect to lung cancer prevention recommendation (Ad-LC WCRF/AICR Score) and to examine the association between lung cancer risk in men and the Ad-LC WCRF/AICR Score as well as its single components. A case-control study was conducted among 439 men aged 45-80 years (187 controls, 252 primary lung cancer cases). Lifestyle and dietary data were collected with a questionnaire including the 62-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ-6®). The Ad-LC WCRF/AICR Score was used as a categorized and continuous variable. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for lung cancer risk were calculated with the partly and fully adjusted model. One component of the score was independently associated with a lower risk of lung cancer in men, regardless of the set of confounders used. In the fully adjusted model following the recommendation "Limit smoking" was associated with a lower risk of lung cancer-in the never smokers by 87% (OR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.04-0.37; p = 0.0002) and in the moderate smokers by 45% (OR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.33-0.91; p = 0.0189) compared with the heavy smokers as a reference. By adding the single components making up the Ad-LC WCRF/AICR Score, the combination of three components or more, reducing the risk of lung cancer compared to lower compliance as a reference by 45% to 78% and by 39% to 66% for intermediate compliance (except two models out of seven) and higher compliance, respectively. In the fully adjusted model, the risk of lung cancer for the total Ad-LC WCRF/AICR Score was lower by 47% (OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.32-0.88; p = 0.0129) in higher compliance with the score compared to those with the lower compliance. Each one-point increase in the Ad-LC WCRF/AICR Score reduced lung cancer risk by 34% (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.45-0.95; p = 0.0267). The results support previous evidence that limiting smoking reduces the risk of lung cancer in men. It also provides an insight into cancer research by showing that following the combined 2018 cancer prevention recommendations related to diet, lifestyle and body fatness was associated with a lower risk of lung cancer in men.
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14
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Esposito G, Turati F, Serraino D, Crispo A, Negri E, Parazzini F, La Vecchia C. Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research recommendations and endometrial cancer risk: a multicentric case-control study. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-9. [PMID: 36093931 PMCID: PMC10197087 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) published evidence-based recommendations for cancer prevention focusing on body weight, physical activity, and diet. Our aim is to evaluate whether adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations could reduce endometrial cancer risk. We used data from a multicentric, Italian hospital-based case-control study (1992-2006) including 454 endometrial cancer cases and 908 age-matched controls. Adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations was measured using a score (range: 0-7) based on seven components: body mass index (BMI), physical activity and five dietary items; higher scores indicated higher adherence. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated by multiple (adjusted) conditional logistic regression models including terms for major confounders and energy intake. Adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations was inversely related to endometrial cancer risk (OR = 0·42, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0·30, 0·61 for the highest compared with the lowest score quartile), with a significant trend of decreasing risk with increasing adherence. An inverse association was also observed for a score including only dietary recommendations (OR = 0·67, 95 % CI 0·46, 0·96 for the highest compared with the lowest score tertile). In stratified analyses, the association was stronger among women with a normal weight, those who were older, and consequently those in post-menopause, and those with ≥ 2 children. In conclusion, high adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations has a favourable role in endometrial cancer risk, which is not fully explained by body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Esposito
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Turati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Serraino
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Anna Crispo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori – IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, Naples, Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Parazzini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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15
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Dietary Patterns and Prostate Cancer: CAPLIFE Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143475. [PMID: 35884536 PMCID: PMC9316982 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of prostate cancer (PCa) remains uncertain, and the role of diet is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the role of diet, through dietary patterns, on PCa, considering tumor aggressiveness and extension. The CAPLIFE study is a population-based case-control study including a total of 428 incident PCa cases and 393 controls aged 40-80 years. Dietary information was collected through a validated food frequency questionnaire. Three dietary patterns were identified through principal component analysis: "Mediterranean," "Western," and "Unhealthy," which were categorized into tertiles according to the control group cutoff points. Tumor aggressiveness and extension was determined. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between dietary patterns and PCa. High adherence to an unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with higher odds of PCa, ORT3vsT1 = 1.52 (95% CI 1.02-2.27), especially for cases with ISUP 1-2 and localized PCa tumors. This association was not observed with a Western or Mediterranean pattern. In conclusion, adherence to an unhealthy diet appears to be associated with higher odds of PCa, especially for cases with ISUP 1-2 and localized PCa tumors.
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16
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Zuo S, Xu Y. A review of the research progress of interventional medical equipment and methods for prostate cancer. Int J Med Robot 2021; 17:e2303. [PMID: 34231317 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is a common disease in men and has a relatively high mortality rate. However, the interventional medical equipment used for prostate biopsy and brachytherapy has always been a social concern. METHODS To understand interventional medical equipment for prostate cancer, the structure of manual, semi-automatic and automatic medical equipment were considered as the mainline, while the corresponding research on these structures were the auxiliary lines. The characteristics and corresponding research status have been discussed. RESULTS Interventional medical equipment for prostate cancer with different degrees of automation and its characteristics were determined, and the imaging principles and characteristics of computed tomography, transrectal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging have been briefly described. CONCLUSION Certain feasible research suggestions have been proposed for future development from the perspective of structure, accuracy and safety. These include flexible and compact robot structures, high-precision image recognition and guidance, accurate dose planning and monitoring, real-time imaging monitoring without delay, high-precision needle insertion strategy, master-slave control, virtual reality and remote control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Wang
- Intelligent Machine Institute, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yongde Zhang
- Intelligent Machine Institute, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Sihao Zuo
- Intelligent Machine Institute, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China.,Foshan Baikang Robot Technology Co., Ltd., Foshan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Seonu SY, Kim MJ, Yin J, Lee MW. Alnus sibirica Compounds Exhibiting Anti-Proliferative, Apoptosis-Inducing, and GSTP1 Demethylating Effects on Prostate Cancer Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133830. [PMID: 34201712 PMCID: PMC8270241 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alnus sibirica (AS) is distributed in Korea, Japan, China, and Russia and has reported anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and reducing activities on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions, along with other beneficial health properties. In the present study, we tried to prove the cancer-preventive activity against prostate cancer. The extracted and isolated compounds, oregonin (1), hirsutenone (2), and hirsutanonol (3), which were isolated from AS, were tested for anti-proliferative activity. To do this, we used the MTT assay; NF-κB inhibitory activity, using Western blotting; apoptosis-inducing activity using flow cytometry; DNA methylation activity, using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and androgen-independent (PC-3) prostate cancer cell lines. The compounds (1–3) showed potent anti-proliferative activity against both prostate cancer cell lines. Hirsutenone (2) exhibited the strongest NF-κB inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing activities compared with oregonin (1) and hirsutanonol (3). DNA methylation activity, which was assessed for hirsutenone (2), revealed a concentration-dependent enhancement of the unmethylated DNA content and a reduction in the methylated DNA content in both PC-3 and LNCaP cells. Overall, these findings suggest that hirsutenone (2), when isolated from AS, may be a potential agent for preventing the development or progression of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Min-Won Lee
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-820-5602; Fax: +82-2-822-7338
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18
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Phua TJ. The Etiology and Pathophysiology Genesis of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer: A New Perspective. MEDICINES 2021; 8:medicines8060030. [PMID: 34208086 PMCID: PMC8230771 DOI: 10.3390/medicines8060030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: The etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer are unknown, with ageing being the greatness risk factor. Methods: This new perspective evaluates the available interdisciplinary evidence regarding prostate ageing in terms of the cell biology of regulation and homeostasis, which could explain the timeline of evolutionary cancer biology as degenerative, inflammatory and neoplasm progressions in these multifactorial and heterogeneous prostatic diseases. Results: This prostate ageing degeneration hypothesis encompasses the testosterone-vascular-inflamm-ageing triad, along with the cell biology regulation of amyloidosis and autophagy within an evolutionary tumorigenesis microenvironment. Conclusions: An understanding of these biological processes of prostate ageing can provide potential strategies for early prevention and could contribute to maintaining quality of life for the ageing individual along with substantial medical cost savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teow J Phua
- Molecular Medicine, NSW Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
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19
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Lotrean LM, Florea M, Lencu C. Lifestyle and Cancer Prevention-Opinions and Behaviors Among Romanian University Students. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:1525-1532. [PMID: 33935514 PMCID: PMC8079252 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s303094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Healthy lifestyle promotion represents an important component of cancer prevention. The aim of this study is the assessment of opinions and behavior related to healthy lifestyle and cancer prevention among Romanian university students. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed by anonymous questionnaires in 2017 among 400 university students from the four main universities from Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Results One out of five students was overweight or obese, but 83% meet the recommendations for performing physical activity. The majority did not meet the recommendations of eating 400 g of fruits and vegetables daily, while almost half declared eating more than 500 g of red meat weekly and more than one third do not respect the recommendations for alcohol consumption. The factor analysis reveals two factors with regard to cancer prevention-related behaviors. The first one consists of those having an appropriate body weight, and having a higher tendency for consumption of fruits and vegetables, performing physical activity, while being more prone not to respect the recommendations regarding the alcohol consumption. The second factor refers to a higher tendency to respect both the recommendations for alcohol and red meat consumption. Conclusion Future educational activities should focus on promoting better nutritional habits, decrease alcohol consumption and offer appropriate services for weight management among Romanian university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Maria Lotrean
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mira Florea
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Codruta Lencu
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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20
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Lozano-Lorca M, Olmedo-Requena R, Vega-Galindo MV, Vázquez-Alonso F, Jiménez-Pacheco A, Salcedo-Bellido I, Sánchez MJ, Jiménez-Moleón JJ. Night Shift Work, Chronotype, Sleep Duration, and Prostate Cancer Risk: CAPLIFE Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6300. [PMID: 32872503 PMCID: PMC7503878 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To analyze the association between prostate cancer (PCa) risk and night shift work, chronotype, and sleep duration in the context of a population-based case-control study of incident prostate cancer in Spain, a total of 465 PCa cases and 410 controls were analyzed. Selection criteria were: (i) age 40-80 years, and (ii) residence in the coverage area of the reference hospitals for ≥6 months before recruitment. Exposure variables were: (i) night shift work (permanent or rotating); (ii) chronotype: morning, neither, or evening (Munich ChronoType Questionnaire) and (iii) sleep duration according to the recommendations of the American National Sleep Foundation. PCa aggressiveness was determined according to the International Society of Urology Pathology classification. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using logistic regression models. Night shift work was associated with PCa, aOR = 1.47 (95% CI 1.02-2.11), especially for rotating night shifts, aOR = 1.73 (95% CI 1.09-2.75). The magnitude of the association between ever night work and PCa was higher in evening subjects with aOR = 3.14 (95% CI 0.91-10.76) than in morning chronotypes with an aOR = 1.25 (95% CI 0.78-2.00). Working night shifts, especially rotating night shifts, could increase PCa risk. This risk may be higher in people with an evening chronotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Lozano-Lorca
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.L.-L.); (I.S.-B.); (M.-J.S.); (J.-J.J.-M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Rocío Olmedo-Requena
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.L.-L.); (I.S.-B.); (M.-J.S.); (J.-J.J.-M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Inmaculada Salcedo-Bellido
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.L.-L.); (I.S.-B.); (M.-J.S.); (J.-J.J.-M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-José Sánchez
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.L.-L.); (I.S.-B.); (M.-J.S.); (J.-J.J.-M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - José-Juan Jiménez-Moleón
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.L.-L.); (I.S.-B.); (M.-J.S.); (J.-J.J.-M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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