1
|
Slebe R, Wenker E, Schoonmade LJ, Bouman EJ, Blondin DP, Campbell DJT, Carpentier AC, Hoeks J, Raina P, Schrauwen P, Serlie MJ, Stenvers DJ, de Mutsert R, Beulens JWJ, Rutters F. The effect of preprandial versus postprandial physical activity on glycaemia: Meta-analysis of human intervention studies. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 210:111638. [PMID: 38548105 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
This meta-analysis aims to investigate the effect of preprandial physical activity (PA) versus postprandial PA on glycaemia in human intervention studies. Medline and Embase.com were searched until February 2023 for intervention studies in adults, directly comparing preprandial PA versus postprandial PA on glycaemia. Studies were screened using ASReview (34,837) and full texts were read by two independent reviewers (42 full text, 28 included). Results were analysed using pooled mean differences in random-effects models. Studies were either acute response studies (n = 21) or Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) over multiple weeks (n = 7). In acute response studies, postprandial outcomes followed the expected physiological patterns, and outcomes measured over 24 h showed no significant differences. For the RCTs, glucose area under the curve during a glucose tolerance test was slightly, but not significantly lower in preprandial PA vs postprandial PA (-0.29 [95 %CI:-0.66, 0.08] mmol/L, I2 = 64.36 %). Subgroup analyses (quality, health status, etc.) did not significantly change the outcomes. In conclusion, we found no differences between preprandial PA versus postprandial PA on glycaemia both after one PA bout as well as after multiple weeks of PA. The studies were of low to moderate quality of evidence as assessed by GRADE, showed contradictive results, included no long-term studies and used various designs and populations. We therefore need better RCTs, with more similar designs, in larger populations and longer follow-up periods (≥12 weeks) to have a final answer on the questions eat first, then exercise, or the reverse?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romy Slebe
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, De Boelelaan 1089a, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Eva Wenker
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, De Boelelaan 1089a, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Linda J Schoonmade
- University Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emma J Bouman
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, De Boelelaan 1089a, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H3, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H3, Canada
| | - David J T Campbell
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - André C Carpentier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H3, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5H3, Canada
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Parminder Raina
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mireille J Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Jan Stenvers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, De Boelelaan 1089a, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Femke Rutters
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, De Boelelaan 1089a, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Batsis JA, Batchek DJ, Petersen CL, Gross DC, Lynch DH, Spangler HB, Cook SB. Protein Supplementation May Dampen Positive Effects of Exercise on Glucose Homeostasis: A Pilot Weight Loss Intervention. Nutrients 2023; 15:4947. [PMID: 38068805 PMCID: PMC10707998 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of protein in glucose homeostasis has demonstrated conflicting results. However, little research exists on its impact following weight loss. This study examined the impact of protein supplementation on glucose homeostasis in older adults >65 years with obesity seeking to lose weight. METHODS A 12-week, nonrandomized, parallel group intervention of protein (PG) and nonprotein (NPG) arms for 28 older rural adults (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2) was conducted at a community aging center. Both groups received twice weekly physical therapist-led group strength training classes. The PG consumed a whey protein supplement three times per week, post-strength training. Primary outcomes included pre/post-fasting glucose, insulin, inflammatory markers, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Mean age and baseline BMI were 72.9 ± 4.4 years and 37.6 ± 6.9 kg/m2 in the PG and 73.0 ± 6.3 and 36.6 ± 5.5 kg/m2 in the NPG, respectively. Mean weight loss was -3.45 ± 2.86 kg in the PG and -5.79 ± 3.08 kg in the NPG (p < 0.001). There was a smaller decrease in pre- vs. post-fasting glucose levels (PG: -4 mg ± 13.9 vs. NPG: -12.2 ± 25.8 mg/dL; p = 0.10), insulin (-7.92 ± 28.08 vs. -46.7 ± 60.8 pmol/L; p = 0.01), and HOMA-IR (-0.18 ± 0.64 vs. -1.08 ± 1.50; p = 0.02) in the PG compared to the NPG. CONCLUSIONS Protein supplementation during weight loss demonstrated a smaller decrease in insulin resistance compared to the NPG, suggesting protein may potentially mitigate beneficial effects of exercise on glucose homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A. Batsis
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.H.L.); (H.B.S.)
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.J.B.); (D.C.G.)
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
- Center for Aging and Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dakota J. Batchek
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.J.B.); (D.C.G.)
| | - Curtis L. Petersen
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Danae C. Gross
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.J.B.); (D.C.G.)
- Center for Aging and Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David H. Lynch
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.H.L.); (H.B.S.)
- Center for Aging and Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hillary B. Spangler
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.H.L.); (H.B.S.)
- Center for Aging and Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Summer B. Cook
- Department of Kinesiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tezze C, Sandri M, Tessari P. Anabolic Resistance in the Pathogenesis of Sarcopenia in the Elderly: Role of Nutrition and Exercise in Young and Old People. Nutrients 2023; 15:4073. [PMID: 37764858 PMCID: PMC10535169 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of sarcopenia in the elderly is associated with many potential factors and/or processes that impair the renovation and maintenance of skeletal muscle mass and strength as ageing progresses. Among them, a defect by skeletal muscle to respond to anabolic stimuli is to be considered. Common anabolic stimuli/signals in skeletal muscle are hormones (insulin, growth hormones, IGF-1, androgens, and β-agonists such epinephrine), substrates (amino acids such as protein precursors on top, but also glucose and fat, as source of energy), metabolites (such as β-agonists and HMB), various biochemical/intracellular mediators), physical exercise, neurogenic and immune-modulating factors, etc. Each of them may exhibit a reduced effect upon skeletal muscle in ageing. In this article, we overview the role of anabolic signals on muscle metabolism, as well as currently available evidence of resistance, at the skeletal muscle level, to anabolic factors, from both in vitro and in vivo studies. Some indications on how to augment the effects of anabolic signals on skeletal muscle are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Tezze
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy;
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy;
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Paolo Tessari
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|