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Xie H, Liu Y, Gu X, Liu S, Fang Y, Zhong W, Zhang Y, Yao S. Association between sugar-sweetened beverages and pure fruit juice with risk of six cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:670-676. [PMID: 38605191 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-024-01441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In observational and prospective cohort studies, intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and pure fruit juice (PFJ) has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Still, the causality of the connection has not yet been determined. Our objective was to uncover the relationship between SSBs/PFJ and CVD. METHODS Genetically predicted causal associations between SSBs/PFJ (obtained in a published genome-wide association study) and six common CVDs (atrial fibrillation (AF), angina, heart failure (HF), acute myocardial infarction, hypertension, and coronary atherosclerosis) were assessed using MR analytic modeling. The primary analysis method utilized was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, complemented by additional methods such as the weighted median method, MR Egger regression, Cochran's Q test, MR pleiotropy residual, funnel plot, Bonferroni correction, and others for MR analysis. To ensure the robustness of the findings, F-values were calculated as a complementary test to set looser thresholds for exposing genetic instrumental variables (P < 1e-5). RESULTS The results of MR analysis suggested genetically causal associations between SSBs and AF (odds ratio (OR): 1.023; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.007-1.038; P = 0.0039) as well as between PFJ and angina (OR: 0.968; 95% CI, 0.943-0.993; P = 0.0138) there was genetic causality. However, MR analysis showed no causal association between SSBs/PFJ and other CVD risks. CONCLUSION This study suggests that there may be a potential causal relationship between SSBs intake and AF and a causal negative association between PFJ intake and angina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhang Xie
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyang Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Gu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhan Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Yimeng Fang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Zhong
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Shunyu Yao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China.
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Mititelu M, Oancea CN, Neacșu SM, Olteanu G, Cîrțu AT, Hîncu L, Gheonea TC, Stanciu TI, Rogoveanu I, Hashemi F, Stanciu G, Ioniță-Mîndrican CB, Angelica C, Măru N, Lupu S, Lupu CE. Evaluation of Non-Alcoholic Beverages and the Risk Related to Consumer Health among the Romanian Population. Nutrients 2023; 15:3841. [PMID: 37686874 PMCID: PMC10489972 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The range of non-alcoholic drinks is very varied both from a compositional point of view and from a caloric and nutritional point of view. The excessive consumption of sweetened non-alcoholic beverages represents an important risk factor for health, especially when it is accompanied by an unbalanced diet and a disordered lifestyle. In order to evaluate the consumption of non-alcoholic beverages correlated with the evaluation of the main lifestyle factors that can affect the state of health among Romanians, a cross-sectional observational study was carried out based on a questionnaire. The results of the study indicate that among the most consumed non-alcoholic drinks are coffee and sweetened carbonated and non-carbonated drinks, which are indicated as being responsible for the development of consumption addictions: 44% for coffee, 16.5% for sweetened or tonic carbonated drinks and 12% for sweetened non-carbonated drinks. Considering that the consumption of coffee is usually associated with sweeteners, there is a risk of excessive caffeine and caloric intake in a context where a lack of exercise predominates (59.98%) among respondents declaring that they do sports rarely or not at all, which can lead, in the long term, to the appearance of imbalances either of a psycho-emotional nature or of a metabolic nature. A significant link was found between sports activity and the environment in which they work (χ2 = 51.33, p = 0.05). Respondents with a daily activity that involves movement (working outdoors, working on a construction site) are also those who usually do sports, while 60.67% of the respondents who work a lot in front of the computer declared that they do sports very rarely or not at all. Reducing the excessive consumption of sweetened drinks can be achieved through an appropriate consumption of water and fruits and by intensifying physical activity as a way of counterbalancing the excess caloric intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mititelu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.M.); (G.O.); (A.-T.C.)
| | - Carmen-Nicoleta Oancea
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Craiova, 200345 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Sorinel Marius Neacșu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Bio-Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Gabriel Olteanu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.M.); (G.O.); (A.-T.C.)
| | - Alexandru-Tiberiu Cîrțu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.M.); (G.O.); (A.-T.C.)
| | - Lucian Hîncu
- Department of Drug Industry and Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Theodora Claudia Gheonea
- Center for IBD Patients, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Craiova, 200345 Craiova, Romania;
| | | | - Ion Rogoveanu
- Center for IBD Patients, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Craiova, 200345 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Fallah Hashemi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran;
| | - Gabriela Stanciu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900527 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Corina-Bianca Ioniță-Mîndrican
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Caunii Angelica
- Department of Drug Analysis and Chemistry of Environmental Factors, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Nicoleta Măru
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Sergiu Lupu
- Department of Navigation and Naval Transport, Faculty of Navigation and Naval Management, “Mircea cel Batran” Naval Academy, 900218 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Carmen Elena Lupu
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900001 Constanta, Romania;
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Grubišić S, Kristić M, Lisjak M, Mišković Špoljarić K, Petrović S, Vila S, Rebekić A. Effect of Wheatgrass Juice on Nutritional Quality of Apple, Carrot, Beet, Orange and Lemon Juice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030445. [PMID: 35159595 PMCID: PMC8833947 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fresh fruit and vegetable juices are commonly consumed as a valuable source of nutrients, while wheatgrass juice is, due to its nutritional value, used as a natural dietary supplement. The main aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of wheatgrass juice addition to apple, beet, carrot, orange, and lemon juice on total and in vitro bioaccessible concentrations of K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, and Zn, vitamin C concentration, total phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. In comparison to other juices, wheatgrass juice had the highest total and in vitro bioaccessible concentrations of Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, and Zn, while beet juice had the highest K concentration. Lemon and orange juices had the highest vitamin C concentration, while the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content were found in wheatgrass juice. After the addition of wheatgrass juice, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Zn concentration increased in all examined juices, vitamin C concentration increased in apple, beet, and carrot juice, total phenolic content increased in carrot juice, while total flavonoid content increased in apple, carrot, and orange juice. In comparison to the examined juices, wheatgrass juice has better nutritional value, and it could be used in a mixture with other juices to improve their nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Grubišić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.G.); (M.K.); (M.L.); (S.P.); (S.V.)
| | - Marija Kristić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.G.); (M.K.); (M.L.); (S.P.); (S.V.)
| | - Miroslav Lisjak
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.G.); (M.K.); (M.L.); (S.P.); (S.V.)
| | - Katarina Mišković Špoljarić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Sonja Petrović
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.G.); (M.K.); (M.L.); (S.P.); (S.V.)
| | - Sonja Vila
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.G.); (M.K.); (M.L.); (S.P.); (S.V.)
| | - Andrijana Rebekić
- Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (S.G.); (M.K.); (M.L.); (S.P.); (S.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-31-554-887
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Umair M, Jabbar S, Nasiru MM, Lu Z, Zhang J, Abid M, Murtaza MA, Kieliszek M, Zhao L. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Carotenoids from Carrot Pomace and Their Optimization through Response Surface Methodology. Molecules 2021; 26:6763. [PMID: 34833855 PMCID: PMC8618288 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was used to extract carotenoids from the carrot pomace. To investigate the effect of independent variables on the UAE, the response surface methodology (RSM) with central-composite design (CCD) was employed. The study was conducted with three independent variables including extraction time (min), temperature (°C), and ethanol concentration (%). The results showed that the optimal conditions for UAE were achieved with an extraction time of 17 min, temperature of 32 °C, and ethanol concentration of 51% of total carotenoids (31.82 ± 0.55); extraction time of 16 min, temperature of 29 °C, and ethanol concentration of 59% for a combination of β-carotene (14.89 ± 0.40), lutein (5.77 ± 0.19), and lycopene (2.65 ± 0.12). The non-significant (p > 0.05) correlation under optimal extraction conditions between predicted and experimental values suggested that UAE is the more productive process than conventional techniques for the extraction of carotenoids from the carrot pomace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.M.N.); (Z.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Saqib Jabbar
- Food Science Research Institute (FSRI), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Mustapha M. Nasiru
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.M.N.); (Z.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.M.N.); (Z.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jianhao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.M.N.); (Z.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Mian Anjum Murtaza
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan;
| | - Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Liqing Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
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Rejman K, Górska-Warsewicz H, Kaczorowska J, Laskowski W. Nutritional Significance of Fruit and Fruit Products in the Average Polish Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062079. [PMID: 34204541 PMCID: PMC8235518 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the supply of energy, 19 nutrients, free sugars, and dietary fiber in the average Polish diet from fruit and fruit products. Our analysis is based on 2016 data from the national representative household budget survey conducted on a sample of 36,886 households, yielding a population of 99,230 individuals. Fruit and fruit products provided 3.12% of energy to the average diet in Poland with the highest share of bananas and apples. The highest significance of this food group was found for vitamin C (23.65%), including citrus fruits providing 8.03% of vitamin C, berries (5.97%), other fruits (3.45%), and apples (3.13%). The share of fruit and their products in the supply of free sugars is equally high and amounts to 23.52%. This means that apples provide 6.34% of free sugars, while other fruits also have a high supply of free sugars, including berries 3.68%, stone fruits 3.06%, bananas 2.56%, and citrus fruits 2.54%. The proportion of supply exceeding the percentage of energy (which was 3.12%) was obtained for carbohydrate (5.79%), and fiber (13.66%). The food group studied was particularly important (more than 5% share) in providing four minerals: potassium (8.59%), iron (5.07%), magnesium (5.51%), copper (8.81%), and three vitamins: vitamin C (23.65%), vitamin B6 (5.74%), and vitamin E (5.53%). The influence of sociodemographic and economic characteristics of households on the structure of energy and nutrient supply from fruit and fruit products was assessed using cluster analysis. There were four clusters characterized by different energy, nutrient, and fiber supply. The factors with the highest statistical significance on the supply of energy, nutrients, and fiber from fruit and fruit products were month of study, income, degree of urbanization, education, size of town, and land use. The obtained results concerning energy and nutrient supply from fruits and fruit products are important for the Polish society from the public health point of view, as indicated in the discussion of results and conclusions.
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Food Sources of Shortfall Nutrients among Latin Americans: Results from the Latin American Study of Health and Nutrition (ELANS). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094967. [PMID: 34067018 PMCID: PMC8125540 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Increased consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods can lead to inadequate intakes of shortfall nutrients, including vitamin A, D, C, and E, dietary folate, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, and fiber. The objective was to examine the prevalence of inadequate intake of shortfall nutrients and identify food sources of shortfall nutrients in eight Latin American countries. Data from ELANS, a multi-country, population-based study of 9218 adolescents and adults were used. Dietary intake was collected through two 24 h Recalls from participants living in urban areas of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Foods and beverages were classified using the adapted version of the NHANES "What We Eat in America" system. Nutrients inadequacy was estimated using the Institute of Medicine recommendations and descriptive statistics were calculated. Prevalence of inadequacy was above 50% for most of the nutrients, which the exception of vitamin C with a prevalence of inadequacy of 39%. Milk, cheese, seafoods, breads, and fruit juices/drinks were among the top 5 sources for each of the 10 shortfall nutrients examined. Many food categories were top contributors to more than one dietary component examined. Understanding the nutrient intake and food sources can help inform dietary guidance and intervention approaches.
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Vegetables, Potatoes and Their Products as Sources of Energy and Nutrients to the Average Diet in Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063217. [PMID: 33804597 PMCID: PMC8003722 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to analyse vegetables, potatoes and their products as sources of energy and nutrients in the average diet in Poland. Representative data of the 2016 Household Budget Survey from 36,886 households were used. This is the largest study sample in Poland, so we generalized the conclusions to the whole population using the statement ‘average diet’. We analysed three main product groups: vegetables, vegetable products, and potatoes and potatoes products, dividing them into 14 subgroups (e.g., tomatoes, cabbage, carrots, other vegetables, and mushrooms). The percentages of energy, protein, carbohydrates, total fat, nine vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, and vitamin E), seven minerals (calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron, magnesium and zinc), and fibre from the analysed food subgroups are presented. Additionally, the influence of household characteristics on the supply of energy and nutrients from each subgroup of vegetables, potatoes, and their products was evaluated using cluster analysis. In the analysis, R programme and Kohonen neural networks were applied. Our study showed that vegetables, potatoes, and their products provide 7.3% of daily dietary energy supply. Vegetables contribute more than 20% of the supply of six nutrients: vitamin C (51.8%), potassium (32.5%), folate (31.0%), vitamin A (30.6%), vitamin B6 (27.8%), and magnesium (20.2%), as well as fibre (31.8%). Cluster analysis distinguished three clusters that differed in nutritional supply from vegetables, potatoes, and their products. Educational level, income measured by quintile groups, village size, socio-economic characteristics, urbanization degree, and land use were the most important factors determining differences between clusters.
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