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Biswal P, Lalruatfela A, Behera SK, Biswal S, Mallick B. miR-203a-A multifaceted regulator modulating cancer hallmarks and therapy response. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:108-124. [PMID: 37792370 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs of about 19-25 nucleotides, which serve as critical modulators of various cellular and biological processes by target gene regulation. Dysregulated expression of miRNAs modulates the pathophysiology of various human diseases, including cancer. Among miRNAs, miR-203a is one of the most extensively researched dysregulated miRNAs in different cancers. Our review investigated the roles of miR-203a in the hallmarks of cancer modulating different pathways through target gene regulations, chemoresistance, its crosstalk with other ncRNAs or genes in terms of ceRNAs impacting oncogenesis, and its potential applications in the diagnosis, prognosis, and chemotherapeutic responses in different cancer types. miR-203a impacts cancer cell behavior by regulating these exclusive hallmarks- sustaining proliferation, cell growth, invasion and metastasis, cell death, and angiogenesis. Besides, miR-203a is found in human circulating biofluids like plasma or serum of colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma, hinting at its potential as a biomarker. Further, miR-203a is involved in enhancing the chemosensitivity of cisplatin, docetaxel, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil in a variety of malignancies through their cognate target genes. These results suggest that miR-203a is a crucial multifaceted miRNA that controls cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and chemotherapy response, shedding new light on its possible application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyajit Biswal
- RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab., Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Anthony Lalruatfela
- RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab., Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Subham Kumar Behera
- RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab., Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Sruti Biswal
- RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab., Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Bibekanand Mallick
- RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab., Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
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Cui H, Zhang W, Zhang L, Qu Y, Xu Z, Tan Z, Yan P, Tang M, Yang C, Wang Y, Chen L, Xiao C, Zou Y, Liu Y, Zhang L, Yang Y, Yao Y, Li J, Liu Z, Yang C, Jiang X, Zhang B. Risk factors for prostate cancer: An umbrella review of prospective observational studies and mendelian randomization analyses. PLoS Med 2024; 21:e1004362. [PMID: 38489391 PMCID: PMC10980219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of prostate cancer is increasing in older males globally. Age, ethnicity, and family history are identified as the well-known risk factors for prostate cancer, but few modifiable factors have been firmly established. The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate various factors modifying the risk of prostate cancer reported in meta-analyses of prospective observational studies and mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. METHODS AND FINDINGS We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from the inception to January 10, 2022, updated on September 9, 2023, to identify meta-analyses and MR studies on prostate cancer. Eligibility criteria for meta-analyses were (1) meta-analyses including prospective observational studies or studies that declared outcome-free at baseline; (2) evaluating the factors of any category associated with prostate cancer incidence; and (3) providing effect estimates for further data synthesis. Similar criteria were applied to MR studies. Meta-analysis was repeated using the random-effects inverse-variance model with DerSimonian-Laird method. Quality assessment was then conducted for included meta-analyses using AMSTAR-2 tool and for MR studies using STROBE-MR and assumption evaluation. Subsequent evidence grading criteria for significant associations in meta-analyses contained sample size, P values and 95% confidence intervals, 95% prediction intervals, heterogeneity, and publication bias, assigning 4 evidence grades (convincing, highly suggestive, suggestive, or weak). Significant associations in MR studies were graded as robust, probable, suggestive, or insufficient considering P values and concordance of effect directions. Finally, 92 selected from 411 meta-analyses and 64 selected from 118 MR studies were included after excluding the overlapping and outdated studies which were published earlier and contained fewer participants or fewer instrument variables for the same exposure. In total, 123 observational associations (45 significant and 78 null) and 145 causal associations (55 significant and 90 null) were categorized into lifestyle; diet and nutrition; anthropometric indices; biomarkers; clinical variables, diseases, and treatments; and environmental factors. Concerning evidence grading on significant associations, there were 5 highly suggestive, 36 suggestive, and 4 weak associations in meta-analyses, and 10 robust, 24 probable, 4 suggestive, and 17 insufficient causal associations in MR studies. Twenty-six overlapping factors between meta-analyses and MR studies were identified, with consistent significant effects found for physical activity (PA) (occupational PA in meta: OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.80, 0.94; accelerator-measured PA in MR: OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.72), height (meta: OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.12; MR: OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.15, for aggressive prostate cancer), and smoking (current smoking in meta: OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.80; smoking initiation in MR: OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86, 0.97). Methodological limitation is that the evidence grading criteria could be expanded by considering more indices. CONCLUSIONS In this large-scale study, we summarized the associations of various factors with prostate cancer risk and provided comparisons between observational associations by meta-analysis and genetically estimated causality by MR analyses. In the absence of convincing overlapping evidence based on the existing literature, no robust associations were identified, but some effects were observed for height, physical activity, and smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengxing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhixin Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peijing Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingshuang Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenghan Xiao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqiu Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunjie Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Iatrical Polymer Material and Artificial Apparatus, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuqin Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenmi Liu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ben Zhang
- Hainan General Hospital and Hainan Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China; West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Feng X, Zhang Y, Vaselkiv JB, Li R, Nguyen PL, Penney KL, Giovannucci EL, Mucci LA, Stopsack KH. Modifiable risk factors for subsequent lethal prostate cancer among men with an initially negative prostate biopsy. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1988-2002. [PMID: 37898724 PMCID: PMC10703766 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02472-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously suggested modifiable risk factors for prostate cancer could have resulted from detection bias because diagnosis requires a biopsy. We investigated modifiable risk factors for a subsequent cancer diagnosis among men with an initially negative prostate biopsy. METHODS In total, 10,396 participants of the Health Professionals Follow-up Study with an initial negative prostate biopsy after 1994 were followed for incident prostate cancer until 2017. Potential risk factors were based on previous studies in the general population. Outcomes included localised, advanced, and lethal prostate cancer. RESULTS With 1851 prostate cancer cases (168 lethal) diagnosed over 23 years of follow-up, the 20-year risk of any prostate cancer diagnosis was 18.5% (95% CI: 17.7-19.3). Higher BMI and lower alcohol intake tended to be associated with lower rates of localised disease. Coffee, lycopene intake and statin use tended to be associated with lower rates of lethal prostate cancer. Results for other risk factors were less precise but compatible with and of similar direction as for men in the overall cohort. CONCLUSIONS Risk factors for future prostate cancer among men with a negative biopsy were generally consistent with those for the general population, supporting their validity given reduced detection bias, and could be actionable, if confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Feng
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Bailey Vaselkiv
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruifeng Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul L Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konrad H Stopsack
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Bergengren O, Pekala KR, Matsoukas K, Fainberg J, Mungovan SF, Bratt O, Bray F, Brawley O, Luckenbaugh AN, Mucci L, Morgan TM, Carlsson SV. 2022 Update on Prostate Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Factors-A Systematic Review. Eur Urol 2023; 84:191-206. [PMID: 37202314 PMCID: PMC10851915 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Understanding the epidemiology and risk factors of the disease is paramount to improve primary and secondary prevention strategies. OBJECTIVE To systematically review and summarize the current evidence on the descriptive epidemiology, large screening studies, diagnostic techniques, and risk factors of PCa. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION PCa incidence and mortality rates for 2020 were obtained from the GLOBOCAN database of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. A systematic search was performed in July 2022 using PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE biomedical databases. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022359728). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Globally, PCa is the second most common cancer, with the highest incidence in North and South America, Europe, Australia, and the Caribbean. Risk factors include age, family history, and genetic predisposition. Additional factors may include smoking, diet, physical activity, specific medications, and occupational factors. As PCa screening has become more accepted, newer approaches such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biomarkers have been implemented to identify patients who are likely to harbor significant tumors. Limitations of this review include the evidence being derived from meta-analyses of mostly retrospective studies. CONCLUSIONS PCa remains the second most common cancer among men worldwide. PCa screening is gaining acceptance and will likely reduce PCa mortality at the cost of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Increasing use of MRI and biomarkers for the detection of PCa may mitigate some of the negative consequences of screening. PATIENT SUMMARY Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the second most common cancer among men, and screening for PCa is likely to increase in the future. Improved diagnostic techniques can help reduce the number of men who need to be diagnosed and treated to save one life. Avoidable risk factors for PCa may include factors such as smoking, diet, physical activity, specific medications, and certain occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Bergengren
- Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Kelly R Pekala
- Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Fainberg
- Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean F Mungovan
- Westmead Private Physiotherapy Services and The Clinical Research Institute, Westmead Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ola Bratt
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Otis Brawley
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Lorelei Mucci
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd M Morgan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sigrid V Carlsson
- Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Zhan Y, Ruan X, Wang P, Huang D, Huang J, Huang J, Chun TTS, Ho BSH, Ng ATL, Tsu JHL, Na R. Causal Effects of Modifiable Behaviors on Prostate Cancer in Europeans and East Asians: A Comprehensive Mendelian Randomization Study. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050673. [PMID: 37237487 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early evidence is disputable for the effects of modifiable lifestyle behaviors on prostate cancer (PCa) risk. No research has yet appraised such causality in different ancestries using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. METHODS A two-sample univariable and multivariable MR analysis was performed. Genetic instruments associated with lifestyle behaviors were selected based on genome-wide association studies. Summary-level data for PCa were obtained from PRACTICAL and GAME-ON/ELLIPSE consortia for Europeans (79,148 PCa cases and 61,106 controls), and ChinaPCa consortium for East Asians (3343 cases and 3315 controls). Replication was performed using FinnGen (6311 cases and 88,902 controls) and BioBank Japan data (5408 cases and 103,939 controls). RESULTS Tobacco smoking was identified as increasing PCa risks in Europeans (odds ratio [OR]: 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-3.50, p = 0.027 per standard deviation increase in the lifetime smoking index). For East Asians, alcohol drinking (OR: 1.05, 95%CI: 1.01-1.09, p = 0.011) and delayed sexual initiation (OR: 1.04, 95%CI: 1.00-1.08, p = 0.029) were identified as risk factors, while cooked vegetable consumption (OR: 0.92, 95%CI: 0.88-0.96, p = 0.001) was a protective factor for PCa. CONCLUSIONS Our findings broaden the evidence base for the spectrum of PCa risk factors in different ethnicities, and provide insights into behavioral interventions for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongle Zhan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaohao Ruan
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Statistics, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Da Huang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jingyi Huang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jinlun Huang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tsun Tsun Stacia Chun
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Brian Sze-Ho Ho
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ada Tsui-Lin Ng
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - James Hok-Leung Tsu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rong Na
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Obesity and main urologic cancers: Current systematic evidence, novel biological mechanisms, perspectives and challenges. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 91:70-98. [PMID: 36893965 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Urologic cancers (UC) account for 13.1% of all new cancer cases and 7.9% of all cancer-related deaths. A growing body of evidence has indicated a potential causal link between obesity and UC. The aim of the present review is to appraise in a critical and integrative manner evidence from meta-analyses and mechanistic studies on the role of obesity in four prevalent UC (kidney-KC, prostate-PC, urinary bladder-UBC, and testicular cancer-TC). Special emphasis is given on Mendelian Randomization Studies (MRS) corroborating a genetic causal association between obesity and UC, as well as on the role of classical and novel adipocytokines. Furthermore, the molecular pathways that link obesity to the development and progression of these cancers are reviewed. Available evidence indicates that obesity confers increased risk for KC, UBC, and advanced PC (20-82%, 10-19%, and 6-14%, respectively), whereas for TC adult height (5-cm increase) may increase the risk by 13%. Obese females tend to be more susceptible to UBC and KC than obese males. MRS have shown that a higher genetic-predicted BMI may be causally linked to KC and UBC but not PC and TC. Biological mechanisms that are involved in the association between excess body weight and UC include the Insulin-like Growth Factor axis, altered availability of sex hormones, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, abnormal secretion of adipocytokines, ectopic fat deposition, dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal and urinary tract microbiomes and circadian rhythm dysregulation. Anti-hyperglycemic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, statins, and adipokine receptor agonists/antagonists show potential as adjuvant cancer therapies. Identifying obesity as a modifiable risk factor for UC may have significant public health implications, allowing clinicians to tailor individualized prevention strategies for patients with excess body weight.
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D’Ecclesiis O, Pastore E, Gandini S, Caini S, Marvaso G, Jereczek-Fossa BA, Corrao G, Raimondi S, Bellerba F, Ciceri S, Latella M, Cavalcabò NDB, Bendinelli B, Saieva C, Fontana M, Gnagnarella P. Association between Alcohol Intake and Prostate Cancer Mortality and Survival. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040925. [PMID: 36839283 PMCID: PMC9965886 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the role of alcohol consumption with the prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa). Published reports were gathered on 15 October 2022, from PUBMED/MEDLINE and EMBASE. We found 19 independent eligible studies on the association between consumption of alcoholic beverages and the risk of fatal PCa (n = 5), PCa mortality (n = 5) in healthy subjects, and PCa patients' survival (n = 7) or surrogates thereof (n = 2). We used random effects meta-analysis to obtain a summary risk estimate (SRE) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for incidence of fatal PCa and PCa mortality. The meta-analysis revealed no association between alcohol consumption and fatal prostate cancer incidence risk in healthy subjects with an indication for publication bias, but omitting the study that mainly increased the between-study heterogeneity, the SRE becomes significant (SRE 1.33, 95%CI 1.12-1.58), and the heterogeneity disappeared (I2 = 0%) with no indication of publication bias. No association of alcohol consumption was found with mortality risk in PCa patients (SRE 0.97, 95%CI 0.92-1.03) and PCa mortality risk in healthy subjects (SRE 1.03, 95%CI 0.82-1.30). In conclusion, this study suggests that there is some evidence of an association between high alcohol consumption and an increased risk of incidence of fatal prostate cancer in healthy subjects. Given the inconsistencies this result warrants further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana D’Ecclesiis
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Pastore
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention, and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Saverio Caini
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention, and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Marvaso
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Division of Radiation Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara A. Jereczek-Fossa
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Division of Radiation Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Corrao
- Division of Radiation Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Raimondi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Bellerba
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Ciceri
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Marialetizia Latella
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Nora de Bonfioli Cavalcabò
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention, and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bendinelli
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention, and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Calogero Saieva
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention, and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Miriam Fontana
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention, and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Gnagnarella
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
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Feng D, Zhu W, You J, Shi X, Han P, Wei W, Wei Q, Yang L. Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Represents a Potential Biomarker of Biochemical Recurrence in Prostate Cancer Patients. Molecules 2022; 27:6000. [PMID: 36144737 PMCID: PMC9500792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to explore the role of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients and provide insights into the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) for those patients undergoing radical radiotherapy. METHODS We performed all analyses using R version 3.6.3 and its suitable packages. Cytoscape 3.8.2 was used to establish network of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). RESULTS Downregulation of ADLH2 was significantly associated with higher risk of BCR-free survival (HR: 0.40, 95%CI: 0.24-0.68, p = 0.001) and metastasis-free survival (HR: 0.21, 95%CI: 0.09-0.49, p = 0.002). Additionally, ALDH2 repression contributed to significantly shorter BCR-free survival in the TCGA database (HR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.33-0.93, p = 0.027). For immune checkpoints, patients that expressed a higher level of CD96 had a higher risk of BCR than their counterparts (HR: 1.79, 95%CI: 1.06-3.03, p = 0.032), as well as NRP1 (HR: 2.18, 95%CI: 1.29-3.69, p = 0.005). In terms of the TME parameters, the spearman analysis showed that ALDH was positively associated with B cells (r: 0.13), CD8+ T cells (r: 0.19), neutrophils (r: 0.13), and macrophages (r: 0.17). Patients with higher score of neutrophils (HR: 1.75, 95%CI: 1.03-2.95, p = 0.038), immune score (HR: 1.92, 95%CI: 1.14-3.25, p = 0.017), stromal score (HR: 2.52, 95%CI: 1.49-4.26, p = 0.001), and estimate score (HR: 1.81, 95%CI: 1.07-3.06, p = 0.028) had higher risk of BCR than their counterparts. Our ceRNA network found that PART1 might regulate the expression of ALDH via has-miR-578 and has-miR-6833-3p. Besides, PHA-793887, PI-103, and piperlongumine had better correlations with ALDH2. CONCLUSIONS We found that ALDH2 might serve as a potential biomarker predicting biochemical recurrence for PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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9
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Modifiable risk factors for prostate cancer in low- and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2022; 25:453-462. [PMID: 35790786 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-022-00570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of the epidemiological data on prostate cancer risk factors come from high-income countries (HIC). Reducing exposure to prostate cancer modifiable risk factors may significantly lower PCa morbidity and mortality in LIC and MIC. The objective of this study was to summarize the evidence on modifiable risk factors (RFs) for PCa in LIC and lower-middle-income countries (LMIC). METHODS We conducted a systematic search on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Global Health databases. We selected case-control and cohort studies from 2010 onwards that studied modifiable RFs for PCa in LIC and LMIC with a population of 30 million or more, as defined by the World Bank in January 2021. Risk of bias was assessed by the Ottawa-Newcastle tool. Individual study estimates were pooled when estimates were available for at least two studies. RESULTS 5740 studies were initially identified; 16 studies met inclusion criteria. All were case-control studies except one retrospective cohort study. Higher fat intake was associated with a higher risk of PCa incidence with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.13 (95% CI 1.33-7.33). Higher vegetable intake (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24-0.97) and tea consumption (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.32-0.83) were associated with a lower risk for PCa. There was no association between fruits, fish, and chicken consumption and risk of PCa. Alcohol consumption, smoking, red meat intake, and a BMI ≥ 25-30 kg/m2 showed a trend towards an increased risk, although these were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS In LIC and LMIC, high fat intake was associated with higher risk of PCa while a diet rich in vegetables and tea intake was associated with a lower risk. Future prospective studies will be important to elucidate whether other modifiable risk factors for PCa specific to LIC and LMIC can be identified to inform impactful and cost-effective preventive strategies in these countries.
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10
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Feng D, Shi X, Zhang F, Xiong Q, Wei Q, Yang L. Energy Metabolism-Related Gene Prognostic Index Predicts Biochemical Recurrence for Patients With Prostate Cancer Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:839362. [PMID: 35280985 PMCID: PMC8908254 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.839362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to construct and validate an energy metabolism-related gene prognostic index (EMRGPI) to predict biochemical recurrence (BCR) in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Methods We used Lasso and COX regression analysis to orchestrate the EMRGPI in the TCGA database, and the prognostic value of EMRGPI was further validated externally using the GSE46602. All analyses were conducted with R version 3.6.3 and its suitable packages. Results SDC1 and ADH1B were finally used to construct the risk formula. We classified the 430 tumor patients in the TCGA database into two groups, and patients in the high-risk group had a higher risk of BCR than those in the low-risk group (HR: 1.98, 95%CI: 1.18-3.32, p=0.01). Moreover, in the GSE46602, we confirmed that the BCR risk in the high-risk group was 3.86 times higher than that in the low-risk group (95%CI: 1.61-9.24, p=0.001). We found that patients in the high-risk group had significantly higher proportions of residual tumor, older age, and T stage. SDC1 and ADH1B were significantly expressed low in the normal tissues when compared to the tumor tissues, which were opposite at the protein level. The spearman analysis showed that EMRGPI was significantly associated with B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, stromal score, immune score, and estimate score. In addition, the EMRGPI was positively associated with the 54 immune checkpoints, among which CD80, ADORA2A, CD160, and TNFRSF25 were significantly related to the BCR-free survival of PCa patients undergoing RP. Conclusions The EMRGPI established in this study might serve as an independent risk factor for PCa patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Shi
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Facai Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Xiong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Ng CF. One step closer between dietary pattern and cancer prevention. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2022; 25:385. [PMID: 35440641 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-022-00545-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Fai Ng
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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12
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Lin HY, Tseng TS, Wang X, Fang Z, Zea AH, Wang L, Pow-Sang J, Tangen CM, Goodman PJ, Wolk A, Håkansson N, Kogevinas M, Llorca J, Brenner H, Schöttker B, Castelao JE, Gago-Dominguez M, Gamulin M, Lessel D, Claessens F, Joniau S, Park JY. Intake Patterns of Specific Alcoholic Beverages by Prostate Cancer Status. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081981. [PMID: 35454886 PMCID: PMC9024489 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Previous studies have shown heavy intake of different alcoholic beverages affects prostate cancer (PCa) clinical outcomes differently. However, the intake patterns of specific alcoholic beverages for PCa status are understudied. The study’s objective is to evaluate intake patterns of total alcohol and three types of alcoholic beverage (beer, wine, and spirits) by PCa risk and aggressiveness status. This study included 10,029 men with European ancestry (4676 non-PCa men and 5353 PCa patients). We found PCa patients had a similar total heavy alcohol intake compared with non-PCa men. However, PCa patients were likely to drink more wine and spirits than non-PCa men. Patients with aggressive PCa drank more beer but not wine and spirits. Interestingly, heavy wine intake was inversely associated with PCa aggressiveness. These findings suggest that the intake patterns of specific alcoholic beverages differ by PCa status, and this information might help develop personalized alcohol intervention for PCa patients. Abstract Background: Previous studies have shown that different alcoholic beverage types impact prostate cancer (PCa) clinical outcomes differently. However, intake patterns of specific alcoholic beverages for PCa status are understudied. The study’s objective is to evaluate intake patterns of total alcohol and the three types of beverage (beer, wine, and spirits) by the PCa risk and aggressiveness status. Method: This is a cross-sectional study using 10,029 men (4676 non-PCa men and 5353 PCa patients) with European ancestry from the PCa consortium. Associations between PCa status and alcohol intake patterns (infrequent, light/moderate, and heavy) were tested using multinomial logistic regressions. Results: Intake frequency patterns of total alcohol were similar for non-PCa men and PCa patients after adjusting for demographic and other factors. However, PCa patients were more likely to drink wine (light/moderate, OR = 1.11, p = 0.018) and spirits (light/moderate, OR = 1.14, p = 0.003; and heavy, OR = 1.34, p = 0.04) than non-PCa men. Patients with aggressive PCa drank more beer than patients with non-aggressive PCa (heavy, OR = 1.48, p = 0.013). Interestingly, heavy wine intake was inversely associated with PCa aggressiveness (OR = 0.56, p = 0.009). Conclusions: The intake patterns of some alcoholic beverage types differed by PCa status. Our findings can provide valuable information for developing custom alcohol interventions for PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yi Lin
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (X.W.); (Z.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tung-Sung Tseng
- Behavioral and Community Health Sciences Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Xinnan Wang
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (X.W.); (Z.F.)
| | - Zhide Fang
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (X.W.); (Z.F.)
| | - Arnold H. Zea
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Julio Pow-Sang
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Catherine M. Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (C.M.T.); (P.J.G.)
| | - Phyllis J. Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (C.M.T.); (P.J.G.)
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Niclas Håkansson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Javier Llorca
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.B.); (B.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Jose Esteban Castelao
- Genetic Oncology Unit, CHUVI Hospital, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Galicia Sur (IISGS), 36204 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitariode Santiago, Servicio Galego de Saúde, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marija Gamulin
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Frank Claessens
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 901, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Steven Joniau
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 7003 41, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - the PRACTICAL Consortium
- The Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome Consortium, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK;
| | - Jong Y. Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
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Ohishi T, Hayakawa S, Miyoshi N. Involvement of microRNA modifications in anticancer effects of major polyphenols from green tea, coffee, wine, and curry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7148-7179. [PMID: 35289676 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2038540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of green tea, coffee, wine, and curry may contribute to a reduced risk of various cancers. However, there are some cancer site-specific differences in their effects; for example, the consumption of tea or wine may reduce bladder cancer risk, whereas coffee consumption may increase the risk. Animal and cell-based experiments have been used to elucidate the anticancer mechanisms of these compounds, with reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based mechanisms emerging as likely candidates. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), curcumin (CUR), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and resveratrol (RSV) can act as antioxidants that activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to downregulate ROS, and as prooxidants to generate ROS, leading to the downregulation of NF-κB. Polyphenols can modulate miRNA (miR) expression, with these dietary polyphenols shown to downregulate tumor-promoting miR-21. CUR, EGCG, and RSV can upregulate tumor-suppressing miR-16, 34a, 145, and 200c, but downregulate tumor-promoting miR-25a. CGA, EGCG, and RSV downregulate tumor-suppressing miR-20a, 93, and 106b. The effects of miRs may combine with ROS-mediated pathways, enhancing the anticancer effects of these polyphenols. More precise analysis is needed to determine how the different modulations of miRs by polyphenols relate to the cancer site-specific differences found in epidemiological studies related to the consumption of foods containing these polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sumio Hayakawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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14
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Estruch R, Hendriks HFJ. Associations between Low to Moderate Consumption of Alcoholic Beverage Types and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 57:176-184. [PMID: 34897368 PMCID: PMC8919407 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agab082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims There is limited research comparing light to moderate wine, beer and spirits consumption and their impact on long-term health. This systematic review aims to investigate the studies published in the past 10 years and qualitatively assess the similarities and differences between the three main beverages, when consumed at a low to moderate level, for their associations with various health outcomes. Methods A systematic search was conducted for comparative studies published in English language (2010 to mid-2021) of beverage-specific low to moderate alcohol consumption associated with all-cause mortality, cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus type II. Results The search yielded a total of 24 studies (8 meta-analyses; 15 prospective studies and 1 pooled analysis). Overall, most studies showed similar associations of different alcoholic beverages with chronic conditions, including all-cause mortality, many types of cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus type II. Not all data are consistent. Some studies show more beneficial or detrimental effects of wine than other beverage types, whereas other studies show such effects for other beverages. Conclusion Moderate consumption of one specific alcoholic beverage (wine, beer or spirits) may not be consistently associated with higher or lower risks for common health outcomes as compared with moderate consumption of any of the other alcoholic beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBER OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Montforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta O / 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Henk F J Hendriks
- Hendriks Nutrition Support for Business, Laan van Cattenbroeck 70, 3703 BP Zeist, The Netherlands
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Gandaglia G, Leni R, Bray F, Fleshner N, Freedland SJ, Kibel A, Stattin P, Van Poppel H, La Vecchia C. Epidemiology and Prevention of Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol Oncol 2021; 4:877-892. [PMID: 34716119 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Worldwide, prostate cancer (PCa) represents the second most common solid tumor in men. OBJECTIVE To assess the geographical distribution of PCa, epidemiological differences, and the most relevant risk factors for the disease. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Estimated incidence, mortality, and prevalence of PCa for the year 2020 in 185 countries were derived from the IARC GLOBOCAN database. A review of English-language articles published between 2010 and 2020 was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus to identify risk factors for PCa. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS In the year 2020, there were over 1414000 estimated new cases of PCa worldwide, with an age-standardized rate (ASR) incidence of 31 per 100000 (lifetime cumulative risk: 3.9%). Northern Europe has the highest all-age incidence ASR (83), while the lowest ASR was in South-Central Asia (6.3). In the year 2020, there were over 375000 estimated deaths worldwide, and the overall mortality ASR was 7.7 per 100000, with the highest ASR in the Caribbean (28) and the lowest in South-Central Asia (3.1). Family history, hereditary syndromes, and race are the strongest risk factors for PCa. Metabolic syndrome was associated with the risk of developing PCa, high-grade disease, and adverse pathology. Diabetes and exposure to ultraviolet rays were found to be inversely associated to PCa incidence. Cigarette smoking and obesity may increase PCa-specific mortality, while regular physical activity may reduce disease progression. Although 5-alpha reductase inhibitors are known to be associated with a reduced incidence of PCa, available studies failed to show an effect on overall mortality. CONCLUSIONS Family history, race, and hereditary syndromes are well-established risk factors for PCa. Modifiable risk factors may impact the risk of developing PCa and that of dying from the disease, but little evidence exist for any clear indication for prevention other than early diagnosis to reduce PCa mortality. PATIENT SUMMARY Prostate cancer (PCa) rates vary profoundly worldwide, with incidence and mortality rates being highest in Northern Europe and Caribbean, respectively. South-Central Asia has the lowest epidemiological burden. Family history, race, and hereditary syndromes are well-established risk factors for PCa. Modifiable risk factors may impact the risk of developing PCa and that of dying from the disease itself, but little evidence exist for any clear indication for prevention other than early diagnosis to reduce PCa mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Gandaglia
- Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Leni
- Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Neil Fleshner
- Division or Urology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Division of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Section of Urology, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Adam Kibel
- Division of Urological Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pär Stattin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hendrick Van Poppel
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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16
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Lakkis NA, Osman MH. Prostate Cancer in Lebanon: Incidence, Temporal Trends, and Comparison to Countries From Different Regions in the World. Cancer Control 2021; 28:10732748211055267. [PMID: 34758644 PMCID: PMC8591641 DOI: 10.1177/10732748211055267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men globally. This study aims at investigating the incidence rates and trends of prostate cancer in Lebanon, and to compare them to those of countries from different regions in the world. METHODS Data on prostate cancer were obtained from the Lebanese national cancer registry for the years 2005 to 2016. The calculated age-standardized incidence and age-specific rates were expressed as per 100 000 population. RESULTS In Lebanon, prostate cancer is ranked as the most common cancer in men. The age-standardized incidence rate of prostate cancer has increased from 29.1 per 100 000 in 2005 to 37.3 per 100 000 in 2016; the highest rate was in 2012, surpassing the global average incidence rate for that year. The age-specific incidence rate of prostate cancer has increased exponentially starting at the age of 50 years to reach its peak in men aged 75 years or more. Two trends were identified in the age-standardized incidence rate of prostate cancer; an average significant increase of 7.28% per year for the period 2005-2009 (P-value < .05), followed by a non-significant decrease of around .99% for the period between 2009 and 2016 (P-value > .05). The age-standardized incidence rate in Lebanon was higher than most countries in the Middle East and North Africa region and Asia, but lower than the rates reported in Australia, America, and different European countries. CONCLUSION Prostate cancer is the leading cancer among men in Lebanon. Screening practices, changes in population age structure, and prevalence of genetic and risky lifestyle factors may explain the increased incidence rates of prostate cancer. Given the controversy of screening recommendations and the slow growing nature of prostate cancer, increasing public awareness on ways of prevention, and implementing the latest screening recommendation of the United States Preventive Services Task Force are the suggested way forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla A Lakkis
- Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mona H Osman
- Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC), Beirut, Lebanon
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Drug use disorder and risk of incident and fatal prostate cancer among Swedish men: a nationwide epidemiological study. Cancer Causes Control 2021; 33:213-222. [PMID: 34743253 PMCID: PMC8776671 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01513-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men and a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Men with drug use disorders (DUD) may potentially be at high risk for prostate cancer mortality because of delayed diagnosis and/or undertreatment. In this study, we aimed to investigate prostate cancer incidence, mortality, and stage at time of diagnosis among men with DUD compared to the general male population in Sweden. Methods We performed a follow-up study based on Swedish national register data for the period January 1997–December 2016. The study was based on 1,361,532 men aged 50–75 years at inclusion, of whom 9,259 were registered with DUD. Cox regression analysis was used to compute adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for incident and fatal prostate cancer, and cancer stage at time of diagnosis, associated with DUD. Results DUD was associated with a slightly increased risk of incident prostate cancer (HR: 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.14, p = 0.048) and substantially higher risk of fatal prostate cancer (HR: 1.59, 95% CI 1.40–1.82, p < 0.001), adjusted for age, socioeconomic factors, and comorbidities related to tobacco smoking and alcohol use disorder. No association was found between DUD and prostate cancer stage at diagnosis. Conclusions Men with DUD have an increased risk of fatal prostate cancer, possibly related to undertreatment in this patient population. Our findings should raise attention among medical staff and decision-makers towards a disadvantaged group of men in need of easily accessible prostate cancer evaluation and treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10552-021-01513-2.
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Güneşliol BE, Karaca E, Ağagündüz D, Acar ZA. Association of physical activity and nutrition with telomere length, a marker of cellular aging: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:674-692. [PMID: 34553645 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1952402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aging of the population has great social and economic effects because it is characterized by a gradual loss in physiological integrity, resulting in functional decline, thereby loss of ability to move independently. Telomeres, the hallmarks of biological aging, play a protective role in both cell death and aging. Critically short telomeres give rise to a metabolically active cell that is unable to repair damage or divide, thereby leading to aging. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity (PA) and nutrition could be associated with telomere length (TL). Indeed, regular PA and healthy nutrition as integral parts of our lifestyle can slow down telomere shortening, thereby delaying aging. In this context, the present comprehensive review summarizes the data from recent literature on the association of PA and nutrition with TL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esen Karaca
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Izmir Demokrasi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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