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Li W, Fan Y, Lan H, Li X, Wu Q, Dong R. GDPD3 Deficiency Alleviates Neuropathic Pain and Reprograms Macrophagic Polarization Through PGE2 and PPARγ Pathway. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1980-1992. [PMID: 38769197 PMCID: PMC11233315 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The complex mechanism of neuropathic pain involves various aspects of both central and peripheral pain conduction pathways. An effective cure for neuropathic pain therefore remains elusive. We found that deficiency of the gene Gdpd3, encoding a lysophospholipase D enzyme, alleviates the inflammatory responses in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of mice under neuropathic pain and reduces PE (20:4) and PGE2 in DRG. Gdpd3 deficiency had a stronger analgesic effect on neuropathic pain than Celecoxib, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Gdpd3 deficiency also interferes with the polarization of macrophages, switching from M1 towards M2 phenotype. The PPARγ/ FABP4 pathway was screened by RNA sequencing as functional related with Gdpd3 deficient BMDMs stimulated with LPS. Both protein and mRNA levels of PPARγ in GDPD3 deficient BMDMs were higher than those of the litter control mice. However, GW9962 (inhibitor of PPARγ) could reverse the reprogramming polarization of macrophages caused by GDPD3 deficiency. Therefore, our study suggests that GDPD3 deficiency exerts a relieving effect on neuropathic pain and alleviates neuroinflammation in DRG by switching the phenotype of macrophages from M1 to M2, which was mediated through PGE2 and PPARγ/ FABP4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youjia Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Haizhen Lan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qichao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Rong Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Deng J, Wang K, Yang J, Wang A, Chen G, Ye M, Chen Q, Lin D. β-Caryophyllene promotes the survival of random skin flaps by upregulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155726. [PMID: 38815406 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flap transplantation is a widely used plastic repair technique in surgical procedures, aimed at addressing skin defects resulting from diverse wounds and diseases. However, due to the insufficient blood supply after flap surgery, the occurrence of ischemia-reperfusion injury, and an excessive sterile inflammatory response, flaps frequently develop complications (e.g., partial or complete ischemic necrosis). These complications have adverse effects on wound healing and repair. β-Caryophyllene (BCP) is a bicyclic sesquiterpene that is widely present in plants. It mitigates oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, demonstrates neuroprotective and analgesic properties, and serves a protective function in organs or tissues subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, no study has confirmed whether BCP can be used in the field of flap transplantation to improve the flap survival rate. METHODS To assess the impact of BCP on random flap survival, we constructed a modified McFarlane random flap model on the rat. After 7 consecutive days of gavage with different doses of BCP, we measured the survival area ratio, angiogenesis, blood perfusion, tissue inflammation level, apoptosis-related protein levels, and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway expression of the random flap. RESULTS BCP treatment increased the survival area of the flap in a dose-dependent manner after random flap transplantation in rats. BCP mainly promoted the formation of tissue blood vessels, improved flap blood perfusion, limited the local inflammatory response, and reduced apoptosis. In addition, we demonstrated that BCP works primarily by promoting the PI3K/AKT signaling expression while enhancing the phosphorylation of AKT. Administration of wortmannin, a selective inhibitor of PI3K, eliminated the effects of BCP. CONCLUSION BCP can promote the survival of random flaps by upregulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, increasing tissue blood perfusion, and limiting the inflammatory response and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine. Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000 PR China
| | - Kaitao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine. Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000 PR China
| | - Jialong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine. Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000 PR China
| | - An Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine. Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000 PR China
| | - Guodong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine. Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000 PR China
| | - Minle Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine. Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000 PR China
| | - Qingyu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine. Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000 PR China
| | - Dingsheng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second School of Medicine. Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000 PR China.
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Santos Porto D, da Costa Bernardo Port B, Conte J, Fretes Argenta D, Pereira Balleste M, Amadeu Micke G, Machado Campos Â, Silva Caumo K, Caon T. Development of ophthalmic nanoemulsions of β-caryophyllene for the treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124252. [PMID: 38782149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Although rare, amoebic keratitis (AK) is a disease caused by Acanthamoeba spp. that can lead to blindness. The drugs currently available for its treatment are very toxic, which has motivated the investigation for more effective and safe therapeutic options. In this study, the in vitro activity of ß-caryophyllene (BCP) was exploited taking into account its action against other protozoans as well as its well-known healing and anti-inflammatory properties (aspects relevant for the AK pathogenesis). On the other hand, high volatilization and oxidation phenomena are found for this compound, which led to its incorporation into nanoemulsions (NEs). Two emulsifying agents were tested, resulting in monodisperse systems with reduced droplet size (<265 nm) and high surface charge (positive and negative for NEs prepared with cetrimonium bromide -CTAB and Phosal® 50+, respectively). NEs prepared with CTAB were shown to be more stable after long-term storage at 4 and 25 °C than those prepared with Phosal®. Pure BCP, at the highest concentration (500 µM), resulted in a level of inhibition of Acanthamoeba trophozoites equivalent to that of reference drug (chlorhexidine). This activity was even greater after oil nanoencapsulation. The reduced droplet size could improve the interaction of the oil with the microorganism, justifying this finding. Changes in surface charge did not impact the activity. Positively charged NEs improved the interaction and retention of BCP in the cornea and thus should be prioritized for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Santos Porto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | | | - Júlia Conte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Debora Fretes Argenta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Maira Pereira Balleste
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Amadeu Micke
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Ângela Machado Campos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Karin Silva Caumo
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago Caon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.
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Alqudah A, Qnais E, Gammoh O, Bseiso Y, Wedyan M, Alqudah M, Oqal M, Abudalo R, Abdalla SS. Exploring the therapeutic potential of Anastatica hierochuntica essential oil in DSS-induced colitis. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:2035-2048. [PMID: 38520575 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to explore the protective impacts and mechanisms of Anastatica hierochuntica essential oil (EOAH) against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis in mice. EOAH demonstrated a reduction in DSS-induced body weight decline, disease activity index (DAI), colon length reduction, colonic tissue damage, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. The essential oil significantly mitigated the production of pro-inflammatory agents including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-12. Further analysis revealed that EOAH's anti-inflammatory effects involved the regulation of NF-κB and PPARγ pathways, as well as the inhibition of NLRP3 activation in colitis mice. Notably, EOAH treatment elevated the levels of beneficial commensal bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria, while reducing Escherichia coli levels in the mice's feces. In addition, EOAH restored the expression of occludin and ZO-1 proteins in colonic tissues affected by ulcerative colitis (UC). These findings indicate that supplementing with EOAH might offer a novel therapeutic approach for UC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahim Alqudah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.
| | - Esam Qnais
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Omar Gammoh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Yousra Bseiso
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Wedyan
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Alqudah
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Muna Oqal
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Rawan Abudalo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Shtaywy S Abdalla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Lin Y, Yin X, Ma S, Xue Y, Hu C, Xie Y, Zeng Y, Zhao X, Du C, Sun Y, Qu L, Xiong L, Huang F. Cang-ai volatile oil ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriatic skin lesions by suppressing the ILC3s. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117867. [PMID: 38342155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cang-ai volatile oil (CAVO) is an aromatic Chinese medicine with potent antibacterial and immune regulatory properties. While CAVO has been used to treat upper respiratory tract infections, depression, otomycosis, and bacterial infections in the skin, its effect on psoriasis is unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study explores the effect and mechanism of CAVO in psoriasis intervention. MATERIAL AND METHODS The effect of CAVO on the expression of IL-6 and IL-1β was assessed in TNF-α-induced HaCaT cells using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mice were given imiquimod (IMQ) and administered orally with different CAVO doses (0.03 and 0.06 g/kg) for 5 days. The levels of inflammatory cytokines related to group-3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) in the skin were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, ELISA, and western blotting (WB). The frequency of ILC3s in mice splenocytes and skin cells was evaluated using flow cytometry. RESULTS The results demonstrated that CAVO decreased the expression of IL-6 and IL-1β in TNF-α- induced HaCaT cells. CAVO significantly reduced the severity of psoriatic symptoms in IMQ-induced mice. The expression of inflammatory cytokines in the skin, such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-22, IL-23, and IL-17 A were decreased, whereas IL-10 levels were increased. The mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-23 A, IL-23 R, IL-22, IL-17 A, and RORγt were down-regulated in skin tissues. CAVO also decreased the levels of NF-κB, STAT3, and JAK2 proteins. CONCLUSIONS CAVO potentially inhibits ILC3s activation to relieve IMQ-induced psoriasis in mice. These effects might be attributed to inhibiting the activation of NF-κB, STAT3, and JAK2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica &Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xunqing Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica &Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shan Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica &Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yongmei Xue
- School of Chinese Materia Medica &Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica &Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuhuan Xie
- Basic Medical School, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yongcheng Zeng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica &Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica &Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chenghong Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica &Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yun Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica &Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lu Qu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica &Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lei Xiong
- Basic Medical School, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Feng Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica &Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
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Ren J, Li Z, Jia W. Key Aroma Differences in Volatile Compounds of Aged Feng-Flavored Baijiu Determined Using Sensory Descriptive Analysis and GC×GC-TOFMS. Foods 2024; 13:1504. [PMID: 38790804 PMCID: PMC11119998 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sensory descriptive analysis of aged feng-flavored Baijiu liquor indicated notable differences in samples of different ages. The samples of freshly distilled Baijiu and those with shorter storage times exhibit bran and fresh green flavors, whereas, with increasing storage time, honey, sweet, and floral fragrances are gradually enhanced. Samples of feng-flavored Baijiu were prepared using headspace solid-phase microextraction, followed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 496 compounds were identified in all samples, mainly categorized as 14 groups of substances, including esters and aldehydes. Interestingly, 42 of these substances were found in Feng-flavored Baijiu for the first time. Chemometrics was used to analyze the key differential compounds. First, 143 differential compounds closely related to aging were preliminarily screened, and principal component analysis revealed that these compounds were separated by baijiu age. Then, 65 differential compounds were selected by partial least squares discriminant analysis. Furthermore, 43 key differential compounds were selected by combined analysis with variable importance in projection and Pearson correlation coefficients. Partial least squares regression was used to study the correlation between the sensory properties and key differential compounds, and the results indicated that most compounds were closely related to the aging period of the Baijiu. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis and reference for flavor research on feng-flavored Baijiu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Ren
- College of Bioresources Chemical & Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
- Shanxi Xifeng Liquor Co., Ltd., Baoji 721406, China
| | - Zhijian Li
- College of Bioresources Chemical & Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Wei Jia
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China;
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Mergulhão NLON, Bulhões LCG, Silva VC, Duarte IFB, Basílio-Júnior ID, Freitas JD, Oliveira AJ, Goulart MOF, Barbosa CV, Araújo-Júnior JX. Insights from Syzygium aromaticum Essential Oil: Encapsulation, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:599. [PMID: 38794169 PMCID: PMC11124181 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Alginate encapsulates loaded with clove essential oil (CEO) were prepared by ionic gelation, with subsequent freeze-drying. The objective of the present work was to develop a product with the ability to protect CEO against its easy volatility and oxidation. The following techniques were used to characterize the formulations: eugenol release, degree of swelling, GC/MS, TGA/DSC, and SEM. The alginate solution (1.0%) containing different concentrations of CEO (LF1: 1.0%; LF2: 0.5%; LF3: 0.1%) was dropped into a 3.0% CaCl2 solution. After lyophilization, the encapsulated samples were wrinkled and rigid, with high encapsulation power (LF3: 76.9% ± 0.5). Three chemical components were identified: eugenol (the major one), caryophyllene, and humulene. The antioxidant power (LF1: DPPH IC50 18.1 µg mL-1) was consistent with the phenol content (LF1: 172.2 mg GAE g-1). The encapsulated ones were thermally stable, as shown by analysis of FTIR peaks, eugenol molecular structure was kept unaltered. The degree of swelling was 19.2% (PBS). The release of eugenol (92.5%) in the PBS solution was faster than in the acidic medium. It was concluded that the low-cost technology used allows the maintenance of the content and characteristics of CEO in the three concentrations tested, offering a basis for further research with essential oil encapsulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naianny L. O. N. Mergulhão
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-900, Brazil; (N.L.O.N.M.); (L.C.G.B.); (I.D.B.-J.); (C.V.B.)
- Program of the Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-900, Brazil;
| | - Laisa C. G. Bulhões
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-900, Brazil; (N.L.O.N.M.); (L.C.G.B.); (I.D.B.-J.); (C.V.B.)
- Program of the Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-900, Brazil;
| | - Valdemir C. Silva
- Program of the Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-900, Brazil;
- Estácio de Alagoas Faculty, Maceió 57035-225, Brazil
| | - Ilza F. B. Duarte
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-900, Brazil; (N.L.O.N.M.); (L.C.G.B.); (I.D.B.-J.); (C.V.B.)
- Program of the Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-900, Brazil;
| | - Irinaldo D. Basílio-Júnior
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-900, Brazil; (N.L.O.N.M.); (L.C.G.B.); (I.D.B.-J.); (C.V.B.)
| | - Johnnatan D. Freitas
- Department of Food Chemistry, Federal Institute of Alagoas, Maceió 57020-600, Brazil;
| | - Adeildo J. Oliveira
- Department of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Arapiraca 57309-005, Brazil;
| | - Marília O. F. Goulart
- Program of the Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-900, Brazil;
| | - Círia V. Barbosa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-900, Brazil; (N.L.O.N.M.); (L.C.G.B.); (I.D.B.-J.); (C.V.B.)
| | - João X. Araújo-Júnior
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-900, Brazil; (N.L.O.N.M.); (L.C.G.B.); (I.D.B.-J.); (C.V.B.)
- Program of the Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-900, Brazil;
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Zhang G, Wang Q, Jiang B, Yao L, Wu W, Zhang X, Wan D, Gu Y. Progress of medicinal plants and their active metabolites in ischemia-reperfusion injury of stroke: a novel therapeutic strategy based on regulation of crosstalk between mitophagy and ferroptosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1374445. [PMID: 38650626 PMCID: PMC11033413 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1374445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The death of cells can occur through various pathways, including apoptosis, necroptosis, mitophagy, pyroptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, and disulfide-driven necrosis. Increasing evidence suggests that mitophagy and ferroptosis play crucial regulatory roles in the development of stroke. In recent years, the incidence of stroke has been gradually increasing, posing a significant threat to human health. Hemorrhagic stroke accounts for only 15% of all strokes, while ischemic stroke is the predominant type, representing 85% of all stroke cases. Ischemic stroke refers to a clinical syndrome characterized by local ischemic-hypoxic necrosis of brain tissue due to various cerebrovascular disorders, leading to rapid onset of corresponding neurological deficits. Currently, specific therapeutic approaches targeting the pathophysiological mechanisms of ischemic brain tissue injury mainly include intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular intervention. Despite some clinical efficacy, these approaches inevitably lead to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, exploration of treatment options for ischemic stroke remains a challenging task. In light of this background, advancements in targeted therapy for cerebrovascular diseases through mitophagy and ferroptosis offer a new direction for the treatment of such diseases. In this review, we summarize the progress of mitophagy and ferroptosis in regulating ischemia-reperfusion injury in stroke and emphasize their potential molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis. Importantly, we systematically elucidate the role of medicinal plants and their active metabolites in targeting mitophagy and ferroptosis in ischemia-reperfusion injury in stroke, providing new insights and perspectives for the clinical development of therapeutic drugs for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen Zhang
- College of the First Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Neurology, People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force 940th Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lihe Yao
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force 940th Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Dongjun Wan
- Department of Neurology, People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force 940th Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Youquan Gu
- College of the First Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Mazzantini C, El Bourji Z, Parisio C, Davolio PL, Cocchi A, Pellegrini-Giampietro DE, Landucci E. Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Cannabidiol and Beta-Caryophyllene Alone or Combined in an In Vitro Inflammation Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:467. [PMID: 38675427 PMCID: PMC11055086 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabis contains over 500 different compounds, including cannabinoids, terpenoids, and flavonoids. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive constituent, whereas beta-caryophyllene (BCP) is one of most the well-known terpenoids of Cannabis sativa. In recent years, there has been an emerging idea that the beneficial activities of these compounds are greater when they are combined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of CBD and BCP using the in vitro model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells. The vitality of the cells was quantified using LDH and MTT assays. The levels of the following pro-inflammatory proteins and genes were quantified: IL-1β, COX-2, and phospho-NF-κB p65 (p-p65) through Western blotting (WB) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). When present in the incubation medium, CBD and BCP reduced the increased levels of pro-inflammatory proteins (IL-1β, COX-2, and p-NF-kB) induced by LPS. The anti-inflammatory effects of CBD were blocked by a PPARγ antagonist, whereas a CB2 antagonist was able to revert the effects of BCP. Selected concentrations of CBD and BCP were able to revert the increases in the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα), and these effects were significant when the drugs were used in combination. Our results suggest that CBD and BCP work in concert to produce a major anti-inflammatory effect with good safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Mazzantini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.M.); (Z.E.B.); (D.E.P.-G.)
| | - Zahraa El Bourji
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.M.); (Z.E.B.); (D.E.P.-G.)
| | - Carmen Parisio
- Farmacia del Madonnone, Via Aretina 9R, 50135 Florence, Italy; (C.P.); (P.L.D.)
| | - Pier Luigi Davolio
- Farmacia del Madonnone, Via Aretina 9R, 50135 Florence, Italy; (C.P.); (P.L.D.)
| | - Arianna Cocchi
- Tuscopharm srl, Viale Giacomo Leopardi 45, 57121 Livorno, Italy;
| | - Domenico E. Pellegrini-Giampietro
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.M.); (Z.E.B.); (D.E.P.-G.)
| | - Elisa Landucci
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (C.M.); (Z.E.B.); (D.E.P.-G.)
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10
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Sun Y, Xin J, Xu Y, Wang X, Zhao F, Niu C, Liu S. Research Progress on Sesquiterpene Compounds from Artabotrys Plants of Annonaceae. Molecules 2024; 29:1648. [PMID: 38611927 PMCID: PMC11013193 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Artabotrys, a pivotal genus within the Annonaceae family, is renowned for its extensive biological significance and medicinal potential. The genus's sesquiterpene compounds have attracted considerable interest from the scientific community due to their structural complexity and diverse biological activities. These compounds exhibit a range of biological activities, including antimalarial, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory analgesic, and anti-tumor properties, positioning them as promising candidates for medical applications. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the variety, species, and structural characteristics of sesquiterpene compounds isolated from Artabotrys plants. Furthermore, it delves into their pharmacological activities and underlying mechanisms, offering a comprehensive foundation for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupei Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Jianzeng Xin
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Yaxi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Xuyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Changshan Niu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (X.W.)
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11
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Ma M, Li M, Wu Z, Liang X, Zheng Q, Li D, Wang G, An T. The microbial biosynthesis of noncanonical terpenoids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:226. [PMID: 38381229 PMCID: PMC10881772 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Terpenoids are a class of structurally complex, naturally occurring compounds found predominantly in plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolites. Classical terpenoids typically have carbon atoms in multiples of five and follow well-defined carbon skeletons, whereas noncanonical terpenoids deviate from these patterns. These noncanonical terpenoids often result from the methyltransferase-catalyzed methylation modification of substrate units, leading to irregular carbon skeletons. In this comprehensive review, various activities and applications of these noncanonical terpenes have been summarized. Importantly, the review delves into the biosynthetic pathways of noncanonical terpenes, including those with C6, C7, C11, C12, and C16 carbon skeletons, in bacteria and fungi host. It also covers noncanonical triterpenes synthesized from non-squalene substrates and nortriterpenes in Ganoderma lucidum, providing detailed examples to elucidate the intricate biosynthetic processes involved. Finally, the review outlines the potential future applications of noncanonical terpenoids. In conclusion, the insights gathered from this review provide a reference for understanding the biosynthesis of these noncanonical terpenes and pave the way for the discovery of additional unique and novel noncanonical terpenes. KEY POINTS: •The activities and applications of noncanonical terpenoids are introduced. •The noncanonical terpenoids with irregular carbon skeletons are presented. •The microbial biosynthesis of noncanonical terpenoids is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Ma
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Mingkai Li
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Zhenke Wu
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Xiqin Liang
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Defang Li
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
| | - Guoli Wang
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
| | - Tianyue An
- Featured Laboratory for Biosynthesis and Target Discovery of Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
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12
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Turnaturi R, Piana S, Spoto S, Costanzo G, Reina L, Pasquinucci L, Parenti C. From Plant to Chemistry: Sources of Antinociceptive Non-Opioid Active Principles for Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design. Molecules 2024; 29:815. [PMID: 38398566 PMCID: PMC10892999 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pain is associated with many health problems and a reduced quality of life and has been a common reason for seeking medical attention. Several therapeutics are available on the market, although side effects, physical dependence, and abuse limit their use. As the process of pain transmission and modulation is regulated by different peripheral and central mechanisms and neurotransmitters, medicinal chemistry continues to study novel ligands and innovative approaches. Among them, natural products are known to be a rich source of lead compounds for drug discovery due to their chemical structural variety and different analgesic mechanisms. Numerous studies suggested that some chemicals from medicinal plants could be alternative options for pain relief and management. Previously, we conducted a literature search aimed at identifying natural products interacting either directly or indirectly with opioid receptors. In this review, instead, we have made an excursus including active ingredients derived from plants whose mechanism of action appears from the literature to be other than the modulation of the opioid system. These substances could, either by themselves or through synthetic and/or semi-synthetic derivatives, be investigated in order to improve their pharmacokinetic characteristics and could represent a valid alternative to the opioid approach to pain therapy. They could also be the basis for the study of new mechanisms of action in the approach to this complex and disabling pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Turnaturi
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (R.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Silvia Piana
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (R.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Salvatore Spoto
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Giuliana Costanzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Lorena Reina
- Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Lorella Pasquinucci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (R.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Carmela Parenti
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.S.); (C.P.)
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13
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Costa WK, da Cruz RCD, da Silva Carvalho K, de Souza IA, Dos Santos Correia MT, de Oliveira AM, da Silva MV. Insecticidal activity of essential oil from leaves of Eugenia stipitata McVaugh against Aedes aegypti. Parasitol Int 2024; 98:102820. [PMID: 37884077 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti, a mosquito, is responsible for the spread of many diseases, including dengue, zika, and chikungunya. However, due to this mosquito's developed resistance to conventional pesticides, effectively controlling it has proven to be challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the insecticidal potential of the essential oil from the leaves of Eugenia stipitata against Ae. aegypti, offering a natural and sustainable alternative for mosquito control. Tests were conducted using third-stage larvae to evaluate larvicidal activity and pupae collected up to 14 h after transformation to investigate pupicidal activity. Throughout the bioassays, the organisms were exposed to various essential oil concentrations. The findings demonstrated that the essential oil of E. stipitata exhibited larvicidal action, resulting in 100% larval mortality after 24 h and an LC50 value of 0.34 mg/mL. The effectiveness of essential oil as a pupicidal agent was also demonstrated by its LC50 value of 2.33 mg/mL and 100% larval mortality in 24 h. It can be concluded that the essential oil of E. stipitata holds promise as a natural pest control agent. Its use may reduce the reliance on conventional chemical pesticides, providing a more sustainable and effective strategy to combat diseases spread by mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wêndeo Kennedy Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Ivone Antonia de Souza
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | | | - Márcia Vanusa da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil
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14
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Wittig F, Koch F, Pannenberg L, Bekeschus S, Ramer R, Hinz B. β-Caryophyllene Inhibits Endothelial Tube Formation by Modulating the Secretome of Hypoxic Lung Cancer Cells-Possible Role of VEGF Downregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:810. [PMID: 38255884 PMCID: PMC10815222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
β-Caryophyllene (BCP), a bicyclic sesquiterpene that is a component of the essential oils of various spice and food plants, has been described as a selective CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonist. In the present study, the effect of BCP on angiogenesis was investigated. It was found that conditioned media (CM) from BCP-treated hypoxic A549 lung cancer cells exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) tube formation induced by CM from vehicle-treated hypoxic A549 cells. There was an associated concentration-dependent decrease in the proangiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the CM, with both BCP inhibitory effects (tube formation, VEGF secretion) being CB2 receptor-dependent. A reduction of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) was furthermore detected. The antiangiogenic and VEGF-lowering properties of BCP were confirmed when CM from another lung cancer cell line, H358, were tested. When directly exposed to HUVECs, BCP showed no significant effect on tube formation, but at 10 µM, impaired VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) phosphorylation triggered by recombinant VEGF in a CB2 receptor-independent manner. In summary, BCP has a dual antiangiogenic effect on HUVECs, manifested in the inhibition of tube formation through modulation of the tumor cell secretome and additionally in the inhibition of VEGF-induced VEGFR2 activation. Because the CB2 agonist has no psychoactive properties, BCP should continue to be evaluated preclinically for further antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Wittig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (F.W.)
| | - Florian Koch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (F.W.)
| | - Liza Pannenberg
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (F.W.)
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert Ramer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (F.W.)
| | - Burkhard Hinz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (F.W.)
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15
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Maring M, Balaji C, Komala M, Nandi S, Latha S, Raghavendran HB. Aromatic Plants as Potential Resources to Combat Osteoarthritis. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:1434-1465. [PMID: 37861046 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073267213231004094629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis, which affects an estimated 10% of men and 18% of women over the age of 60 and is increasing in genetic prevalence and incidence, is acknowledged as the condition that degrades the quality of life for older adults in the world. There is currently no known treatment for osteoarthritis. The majority of therapeutic methods slow the progression of arthritis or treat its symptoms, making effective treatment to end the degenerative process of arthritis elusive. When non-pharmacological therapy is ineffective, various pharmacological therapies may be used to treat osteoarthritis. Pharmacological therapy, however, can have major adverse effects and be very expensive. As a result, alternative remedies have been researched. The promise for the safe and efficient management of osteoarthritis has been demonstrated by herbal remedies. Experimental research suggests that herbal extracts and compounds can reduce inflammation, inhibit catabolic processes, and promote anabolic processes that are important for treating osteoarthritis. Due to their therapeutic and innate pharmacological qualities, aromatic herbs are frequently employed as herbal remedies. Recent research has shown that aromatic plants have the potency to treat osteoarthritis. Additionally, complex mixtures of essential oils and their bioactive ingredients, which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and are obtained from aromatic plants, are frequently utilized as complementary therapies for osteoarthritis. To establish new study avenues, the advantageous anti-osteoarthritic effects of aromatic herbal medicines, including plants, essential oils, and their bioactive components, are extensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maphibanri Maring
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - C Balaji
- Department of Rheumatology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - M Komala
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, Chennai, India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kashipur, India
| | - S Latha
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - H Balaji Raghavendran
- Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, India
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16
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Froldi G, Benetti F, Mondin A, Roverso M, Pangrazzi E, Djeujo FM, Pastore P. Pterodon emarginatus Seed Preparations: Antiradical Activity, Chemical Characterization, and In Silico ADMET Parameters of β-caryophyllene and Farnesol. Molecules 2023; 28:7494. [PMID: 38005216 PMCID: PMC10673522 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of medicinal plants and their active compounds is relevant to maintaining knowledge of traditional medicine and to the development of new drugs of natural origin with lower environmental impact. From the seeds of the Brazilian plant Pterodon emarginatus, six different preparations were obtained: essential oil (EO), ethanol extract (EthE) prepared using the traditional method, and four extracts using solvents at different polarities, such as n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol (HexE, ChlE, EtAE, and MetE). Chemical characterization was carried out with gas chromatography, allowing the identification of several terpenoids as characteristic components. The two sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene and farnesol were identified in all preparations of Pterodon emarginatus, and their amounts were also evaluated. Furthermore, the total flavonoid and phenolic contents of the extracts were assessed. Successively, the antiradical activity with DPPH and ORAC assays and the influence on cell proliferation by the MTT test on the human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cell line of the preparations and the two compounds were evaluated. Lastly, an in silico study of adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) showed that β-caryophyllene and farnesol could be suitable candidates for development as drugs. The set of data obtained highlights the potential medicinal use of Pterodon emarginatus seeds and supports further studies of both plant preparations and isolated compounds, β-caryophyllene and farnesol, for their potential use in disease with free radical involvement as age-related chronic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmina Froldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.B.); (E.P.); (F.M.D.)
| | - Francesco Benetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.B.); (E.P.); (F.M.D.)
| | - Andrea Mondin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (A.M.); (M.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Marco Roverso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (A.M.); (M.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Elisa Pangrazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.B.); (E.P.); (F.M.D.)
| | - Francine Medjiofack Djeujo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.B.); (E.P.); (F.M.D.)
| | - Paolo Pastore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (A.M.); (M.R.); (P.P.)
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17
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Jiayao C, Jiaoling W, Chengyu H, Guixiang W, Linquan Z. Mechanisms of weight-loss effect in obese mice by the endogenous cannabinoid receptor 2 agonist beta-caryophyllene. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023; 17:499-510. [PMID: 37919194 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) is involved in the regulation of a variety of physiological activities in the body, such as metabolism and energy uptake, and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CNR2) is one of these receptors that is predominantly distributed in the periphery. β-caryophyllene (BCP) is an agonist of CNR2 which is known to possess pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this study, we wanted to investigate whether BCP possesses pharmacological effects on obese mice and its mechanism. METHODS Reversed feeding rhythm, propylthiouracil was delivered intraperitoneally, and BCP was gavaged once daily for four weeks to establish a hyperlipidemic obese mouse model. A glucose tolerance test, lipid level measurements, liver, peritoneal, and subcutaneous fat removal, HE and Oil Red O staining of the liver, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining with an anti-CNR2 antibody were all carried out. The liver was examined using tools like GO and KEGG databases for differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways linked to medication effectiveness. RESULTS BCP had significant effects on weight reduction and improvement of dyslipidemia. What's more, it significantly reduced body fat percentage, improved steatosis and ballooning of liver cells, and reduced fat accumulation, while inhibiting the proliferation of peri-abdominal adipocytes. BCP exerted its effects to improve dyslipidemia and reduce body weight probably through circadian regulation and cholesterol metabolic pathways. Finally, and its efficacy in improving dyslipidemia and reducing body weight may be mainly through activating CNR2, activating SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPARγ and SIRT1/AMPK pathways. CONCLUSION BCP activates the CNR2, SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPARγ signaling pathway, and SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway to exert dyslipidemia-improving and weight-loss effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiayao
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Wang Jiaoling
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Huang Chengyu
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Wang Guixiang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Zang Linquan
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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18
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Filatov VA, Ilin EA, Kulyak OY, Kalenikova EI. Development and Validation of a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for the Analysis of the Novel Plant-Based Substance with Antimicrobial Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1558. [PMID: 37887259 PMCID: PMC10603869 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The research into new pharmaceutical substances based on essential oils, individual biologically active phytochemicals, and plant extracts is a priority in field of pharmaceutical sciences. A novel multicomponent substance based on Melaleuca alternifolia (M. alternifolia) leaf oil (TTO), 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), and (-)-α-bisabolol with potent synergetic antimicrobial activity was investigated and suggested for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis (SD) and dandruff. The objective of this research was to establish and validate a specific, accurate, and precise gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for further quantitative and qualitative analysis in order to ensure quality control. The main parameters of validation were suitability, specificity, linearity, accuracy, and intermediate precision according to the European Pharmacopoeia (XI edition), Russian Pharmacopoeia (XIV edition), and some parameters of ICH requirements. The peaks of fifteen chemical phytoconstituents were identified in the test sample solution with the prevalence of (-)-α-bisabolol (27.67%), 1,8-cineole (25.63%), and terpinen-4-ol (16.98%). These phytochemicals in the novel substance were chosen for standardization and validation of the GC-MS method. The chosen chromatographic conditions were confirmed for testing of the plant-based substance in a suitability test. It was established that the GC-MS method provides a significant separation, symmetry of peaks and resolution between phytochemicals. The calibration curves of each phytochemical had good linearity (R2 > 0.999) in five concentrations. In the same concertation range, the accuracy of terpinen-4-ol, 1,8-cineol, and (-)-α-bisabolol determination using the method of additives was 98.3-101.60%; the relative standard deviation (RSD) ranged from 0.89% to 1.51% and corresponded to requirements. The intraday and interday precision was ≤2.56%. Thus, the GC-MS method was validated to be specific, sensitive, linear, accurate, and precise. This GC-MS method could be recommended as a routine analytic technique for multicomponent plant-based substances-enriched terpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor A. Filatov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Organization of Pharmaceutical Business, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.Y.K.); (E.I.K.)
- Science Center, SkyLab AG, 1066 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Egor A. Ilin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olesya Yu. Kulyak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Organization of Pharmaceutical Business, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.Y.K.); (E.I.K.)
- All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 117216 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena I. Kalenikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Organization of Pharmaceutical Business, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.Y.K.); (E.I.K.)
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Cui W, Zhou H, Zhang J, Zhang J, Wu D, Rong Y, Liu F, Liu J, Liu H, Wei B, Tang Y, Liao X, Xu X. Hepatoprotective effect of Artemisia Argyi essential oil on bisphenol A-induced hepatotoxicity via inhibition of ferroptosis in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2416-2428. [PMID: 37347548 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The environmental pollutant bisphenol A (BPA), used in the manufacture of plastic packaging materials for various diets, is widely distributed in the environment and causes severe hepatotoxicity by inducing oxidative stress. Artemisia argyi essential oil (AAEO), a volatile oil component isolated from Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot, has pharmacological effects, especially for hepatoprotective actions. However, the potential effect of AAEO in BPA induced hepatotoxicity has not been characterized. First, we analyzed the chemical composition in AAEO by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Herein, we investigated the effect of AAEO on hepatic metabolic changes in mice exposed to BPA. Results showed that compared with the BPA group, AAEO could reduce the level of liver function enzymes in BPA mice serum, and ameliorate hepatic lesions and fibrosis. Additionally, 20 differential metabolites screened by metabolomics were mainly involved in the reprogramming of glutathione metabolism, purine metabolism, and polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis. Moreover, AAEO could reduce hepatic ferroptosis induced by BPA, as demonstrated by reducing xanthine oxidase activity, up-regulating the activities of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), superoxide dismutase, and catalase and the expression of SLC7A11 to promote the glutathione synthetic, while inhibiting transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) expression to reduce the accumulation of Fe2+ in cells. Therefore, our study identified AAEO as a hepatic protectant against BPA-induced hepatotoxicity by reversing the occurrence of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Cui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Deqiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Rong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fanglin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Youcai Tang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chronic Liver Injury, Henan Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinglin Liao
- Nanyang Lanhaisenyuan Medical Technology Ltd, Co, Nanyang, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Gilardoni G, Lara LR, Cumbicus N, Malagón O. A New Leaf Essential Oil from Endemic Gynoxys laurifolia (Kunth) Cass. of Southern Ecuador: Chemical and Enantioselective Analyses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2878. [PMID: 37571032 PMCID: PMC10421256 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The fresh leaves of Gynoxys laurifolia (Kunth) Cass. (Asteraceae), collected in the province of Loja (Ecuador), were submitted to steam distillation, producing an essential oil with a yield of 0.02% by weight. This volatile fraction, described here for the first time, was submitted to qualitative (GC-MS) and quantitative (GC-FID) chemical analyses, on two orthogonal columns (non-polar and polar stationary phase). A total of 90 components, corresponding to 95.9-95.0% by weight on the non-polar and polar stationary phase, respectively, were detected and quantified with at least one column. Major constituents (≥3%) were: germacrene D (18.9-18.0%), (E)-β-caryophyllene (13.2-15.0%), α-pinene (11.0-10.3%), β-pinene (4.5-4.4%), β-phellandrene (4.0-3.0%), bicyclogermacrene (4.0-3.0%), and bakkenolide A (3.2-3.4%). This essential oil was dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (about 45%), followed by monoterpene hydrocarbons (about 25-30%). This research was complemented with the enantioselective analysis of some common chiral terpenes, carried out through 2,3-diethyl-6-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-β-cyclodextrin and 2,3-diacetyl-6-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-β-cyclodextrin as stationary phase chiral selectors. As a result, (1S,5S)-(-)-β-pinene, (R)-(-)-α-phellandrene, (R)-(-)-β-phellandrene, (S)-(-)-limonene, (S)-(+)-linalyl acetate, and (S)-(-)-germacrene D were observed as enantiomerically pure compounds, whereas α-pinene, linalool, terpinene-4-ol, and α-terpineol were present as scalemic mixtures. Finally, sabinene was practically racemic. Due to plant wildness and the relatively low distillation yield, no industrial applications can be identified, in the first instance for this essential oil. The focus of the present study is therefore academic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Gilardoni
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Calle Marcelino Champagnat s/n, Loja 110107, Ecuador; (G.G.); (L.R.L.)
| | - Luis Rubén Lara
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Calle Marcelino Champagnat s/n, Loja 110107, Ecuador; (G.G.); (L.R.L.)
| | - Nixon Cumbicus
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Calle Marcelino Champagnat s/n, Loja 110107, Ecuador;
| | - Omar Malagón
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Calle Marcelino Champagnat s/n, Loja 110107, Ecuador; (G.G.); (L.R.L.)
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Mohanta O, Ray A, Jena S, Sahoo A, Panda SS, Das PK, Nayak S, Panda PC. Mesosphaerum suaveolens Essential Oil Attenuates Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages by Regulating NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:5817. [PMID: 37570786 PMCID: PMC10420984 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze (Syn. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.) is a wild essential-oil-bearing plant having multiple uses in traditional medicine, perfumery, food, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries. The present paper is the first report on the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of the leaf essential oil of M. suaveolens (MSLEO) and unravels its molecular mechanism in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. GC-MS analysis of the essential oil (EO) isolated from the leaves by hydro-distillation led to the identification of 48 constituents, accounting for 90.55% of the total oil, and β-caryophyllene (16.17%), phyllocladene (11.85%), abietatriene (11.46%), and spathulenol (7.89%) were found to be the major components. MSLEO treatment had no effect on the viability of RAW 264.7 cells up to a concentration of 100 μg/mL, and the EO was responsible for a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines like IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, a decrease in intracellular ROS production, and the restoration of oxidative damage by elevating the levels of endogenous antioxidative enzymes like CAT, SOD, GPx, and GSH. RT-qPCR analysis indicated that MSLEO reduced the mRNA expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 as compared to the LPS-induced group. In addition, a confocal microscopy analysis showed that MSLEO inhibited the translocation of NF-κB from the cytosol to the nucleus. The results of this experiment demonstrate that MSLEO possesses significant anti-inflammatory potential by preventing the activation of NF-κB, which, in turn, inhibits the downstream expression of other inflammatory mediators associated with the activation of the NF-κB pathway in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Thus, the leaf essential oil of M. suaveolens may prove to be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammation, and targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway may be considered as an attractive approach for anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pratap Chandra Panda
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
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Farì G, Megna M, Scacco S, Ranieri M, Raele MV, Noya EC, Macchiarola D, Bianchi FP, Carati D, Gnoni A, Inchingolo AD, Qorri E, Scarano A, Scacco A, Arrigoni R, Rapone B. Effects of Terpenes on the Osteoarthritis Cytokine Profile by Modulation of IL-6: Double Face versus Dark Knight? BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1061. [PMID: 37626947 PMCID: PMC10452224 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemp seed oil and terpenes are emerging as a dietary supplement and complementary therapy for patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, the mechanisms and effects induced by these molecules on inflammatory cytokines are not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the cytokine IL-1β, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α levels from two oral hemp seed oil-based dietary supplements, of which only one included the addition of terpenes, in a population of KOA patients. METHODS Sera from venous blood samples were collected from thirty-eight patients who were divided into two subgroups. The control group underwent a 45-day treatment with a dietary supplement containing only hemp seed oil, while the treatment group assumed a hemp seed oil and terpene-based dietary supplement for the same number of days. A Bio-Plex Human Cytokine assay was performed by a customized human cytokine five-plex panel for IL-1β, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α. Patients were evaluated before the beginning of the treatment (T0) and soon after it (T1). RESULTS No measurable levels of IL-2 and TNF-α were found in any of the subjects. Low levels of IL-1β were found, which were significantly decreased in the treatment group. No change in IL-1α levels was observed, while treated patients had a significant increase in IL-6 levels. CONCLUSIONS Hemp seed oil and terpene treatment modified the IL-1β and IL-6 levels, counteracting KOA inflammation in this way. In this study, IL-6 revealed its new and alternative action, since it is traditionally known as a pro-inflammatory factor, but it recently has been found to have anti-inflammatory activity in the muscle-derived form, which is the one it assumes as a myokine when activated by terpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Farì
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Aldo Moro University, 70121 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.); (M.R.); (M.V.R.); (E.C.N.); (D.M.); (A.G.)
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Piazza Tancredi 7, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Marisa Megna
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Aldo Moro University, 70121 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.); (M.R.); (M.V.R.); (E.C.N.); (D.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Salvatore Scacco
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Aldo Moro University, 70121 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.); (M.R.); (M.V.R.); (E.C.N.); (D.M.); (A.G.)
- Mater Dei Hospital C.B.H., 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ranieri
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Aldo Moro University, 70121 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.); (M.R.); (M.V.R.); (E.C.N.); (D.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Maria Vittoria Raele
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Aldo Moro University, 70121 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.); (M.R.); (M.V.R.); (E.C.N.); (D.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Enrica Chiaia Noya
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Aldo Moro University, 70121 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.); (M.R.); (M.V.R.); (E.C.N.); (D.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Dario Macchiarola
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Aldo Moro University, 70121 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.); (M.R.); (M.V.R.); (E.C.N.); (D.M.); (A.G.)
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Francesco Paolo Bianchi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (F.P.B.); (A.D.I.); (B.R.)
| | - Davide Carati
- Ansce Bio Generic, 73020 Carpignano Salentino, Italy;
| | - Antonio Gnoni
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Aldo Moro University, 70121 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.); (M.R.); (M.V.R.); (E.C.N.); (D.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (F.P.B.); (A.D.I.); (B.R.)
| | - Erda Qorri
- Dean Faculty of Medical Sciences, Albanian University, Bulevardi Zogu I, 1001 Tirana, Albania;
| | - Antonio Scarano
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Antonio Scacco
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Roberto Arrigoni
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Biagio Rapone
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (F.P.B.); (A.D.I.); (B.R.)
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23
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Cruz JN, Oliveira MSD, Cascaes M, Mali SN, Tambe S, Santos CBRD, Zoghbi MDGB, Andrade EHDA. Variation in the Chemical Composition of Endemic Specimens of Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig from the Amazon and In Silico Investigation of the ADME/Tox Properties of the Major Compounds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2626. [PMID: 37514241 PMCID: PMC10384162 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Four species of the genus Hedychium can be found in Brazil. Hedychium coronarium is a species endemic to India and Brazil. In this paper, we collected six specimens of H. coronarium for evaluation of their volatile chemical profiles. For this, the essential oils of these specimens were extracted using hydrodistillation from plant samples collected in the state of Pará, Brazil, belonging to the Amazon region in the north of the country. Substance compounds were identified with GC/MS. The most abundant constituent identified in the rhizome and root oils was 1,8-cineole (rhizome: 35.0-66.1%; root: 19.6-20.8%). Leaf blade oil was rich in β-pinene (31.6%) and (E)-caryophyllene (31.6%). The results from this paper allow for greater knowledge about the volatile chemical profile of H. coronarium specimens, in addition to disseminating knowledge about the volatile compounds present in plant species in the Amazon region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorddy Neves Cruz
- Adolpho Ducke Laboratory, Botany Coordination, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Cascaes
- Adolpho Ducke Laboratory, Botany Coordination, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
| | - Suraj N Mali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Main Campus at Mumbai, Deemed University, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Srushti Tambe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Main Campus at Mumbai, Deemed University, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Cleydson Breno Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, Amapá, Brazil
| | | | - Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade
- Adolpho Ducke Laboratory, Botany Coordination, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
- Faculty of Chemistry, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, Belém 66075-750, Pará, Brazil
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Stasiłowicz-Krzemień A, Sip S, Szulc P, Cielecka-Piontek J. Determining Antioxidant Activity of Cannabis Leaves Extracts from Different Varieties-Unveiling Nature's Treasure Trove. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1390. [PMID: 37507928 PMCID: PMC10376652 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis leaves contain a diverse range of antioxidants, including cannabinoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, which offer significant health benefits. Utilising cannabis leaves as a source of antioxidants presents a cost-effective approach because they are typically discarded during the cultivation of cannabis plants for their seeds or fibres. Therefore, this presented study aimed to assess the antioxidant activity of the leaves of selected hemp cultivars, such as Białobrzeska, Tygra, and Henola, based on the results obtained with the 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, ferric reducing antioxidant power, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assays. The cannabinoid profile was analysed for the antioxidant activity to the contents of cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), and cannabichromene (CBC), determined based on chromatographic assays. The following variables were tested: the impact of various extractants (methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol), and their mixtures (50:50, v/v, as well as extraction methods (maceration and ultra-sound-assisted extraction) significant in obtaining hemp extracts characterised by different cannabinoid profiles. The results revealed that the selection of extractant and extraction conditions significantly influenced the active compounds' extraction efficiency and antioxidant activity. Among the tested conditions, ultrasound-assisted extraction using methanol yielded the highest cannabinoid profile: CBD = 184.51 ± 5.61; CBG = 6.10 ± 0.21; Δ9-THC = 0.51 ± 0.01; and CBC = 0.71 ± 0.01 μg/g antioxidant potential in Białobrzeska leaf extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stasiłowicz-Krzemień
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Szymon Sip
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Szulc
- Department of Agronomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznan, Poland
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland
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Chen F, Bai N, Yue F, Hao Y, Wang H, He Y, Lu K. Effects of Oral β-caryophyllene (BCP) Treatment on Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders: Attenuation of Neuroinflammation Associated with Microglial Activation and Reinforcement of Autophagy Activity in Aged Mice. Brain Res 2023:148425. [PMID: 37244603 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) are a constellation of cognitive impairments that arise following surgical procedures and anesthesia, with a higher incidence in elderly patients. PND is deeply entwined with microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and disrupted autophagy. β-caryophyllene (BCP) is a natural terpene that occurs widely in dietary plants, and possesses robust anti-inflammatory properties by selectively activating CB2 receptors (CB2R). Accordingly, the present study endeavors to investigate the potential of BCP in ameliorating PND in aged mice, by mitigating hippocampal neuroinflammation and improving autophagy. In this study, an abdominal surgery was utilized to induce perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) in aged mice. BCP was administered orally at a dosage of 200 mg/kg for seven consecutive days prior to the scheduled surgery. In order to explore the relationship between BCP and CB2 receptors (CB2R), a co-administration of intraperitoneal injections of the CB2R antagonist AM630 was implemented, 30 minutes preceding the oral gavage of BCP. Postoperative cognitive functions were assessed using Morris water maze (MWM) tests. The extent of hippocampal inflammation was examined by measuring the microglial marker Iba-1 protein levels, Iba-1 and GFAP immunoactivity, as well as IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations. Evaluation of autophagy activity was conducted based on the ratio of LC3B2/LC3B1 and protein levels of Beclin-1, p62, and phospho-mTOR (p-mTOR). After being orally administered BCP, the compromised behavioral performance of abdominal surgical interventions on aged mice was alleviated. This was evident by the extended escape latency, reduced time spent in the target quadrant, and fewer platform crossings observed through MWM testing. While hippocampal CB2R mRNA or protein expression remained unaffected by the abdominal surgical procedure, their levels were significantly upregulated in mice that were administered BCP. Moreover, the oral administration of BCP was able to reduce neuroinflammation in response to microglia activation, as evidenced by the decreased levels of Iba-1 protein and immunoactivity, as well as the reduction of IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations. Additionally, BCP intensified autophagic activity, as detected by increased LC3B2/LC3B1 ratio and Beclin-1 protein levels, coupled with decreased levels of p62 and p-mTOR in the hippocampus of aged mice. Conversely, the treatment of AM630 ameliorated the suppressive effect of BCP triggered by the neuroinflammation caused by microglial activation post-surgery in aged mice (increased Iba-1 protein levels and immunoactivity, accompanied by higher IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations). Furthermore, the pro-autophagy effect of BCP on aged mice following surgery was partially blocked by AM630, culminating in decreased LC3B2/LC3B1 ratio and Beclin-1 protein levels. However, the levels of p62 and p-mTOR remained unchanged by AM630. Our investigation unveils the remarkable therapeutic benefits of oral BCP administration for managing PND in aged mice through the attenuation of neuroinflammation associated with microglial activation and the fortification of autophagy activity. Hence, BCP holds great promise as a formidable candidate englobing various potential physiological mechanisms that would mitigate cognitive decline associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ning Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Yue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yabo Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Kai Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China.
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26
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Fonseca ECM, Ferreira LR, Figueiredo PLB, Maia CDSF, Setzer WN, Da Silva JKR. Antidepressant Effects of Essential Oils: A Review of the Past Decade (2012-2022) and Molecular Docking Study of Their Major Chemical Components. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119244. [PMID: 37298210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a mental disorder that affects more than 300 million people worldwide. The medications available for treatment take a long time to exhibit therapeutic results and present several side effects. Furthermore, there is a decrease in the quality of life of people suffering from this affliction. Essential oils are traditionally used to relieve the symptoms of depression due to the properties of the constituents of these oils to cross the blood-brain barrier acting on depression-related biological receptors associated with reduced toxicity and side effects. In addition, compared to traditional drugs, they have several administration forms. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of studies on plants whose essential oil has exhibit antidepressant activity in the past decade and the mechanism of action of the major components and models tested. An additional in silico study was conducted with the frequent compounds in the composition of these essential oils, providing a molecular approach to the mechanism of action that has been reported in the past decade. This review is valuable for the development of potential antidepressant medications in addition to providing a molecular approach to the antidepressant mechanism of action of the major volatile compounds that have been reported in the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Christie M Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Lanalice R Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Pablo Luis B Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Química dos Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém 66087-662, Brazil
| | - Cristiane do Socorro F Maia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Joyce Kelly R Da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
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Laks EY, Li H, Ward SJ. Non-Psychoactive Cannabinoid Modulation of Nociception and Inflammation Associated with a Rat Model of Pulpitis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050846. [PMID: 37238715 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements in dental pain management, one of the most common reasons for emergency dental care is orofacial pain. Our study aimed to determine the effects of non-psychoactive Cannabis constituents in the treatment of dental pain and related inflammation. We tested the therapeutic potential of two non-psychoactive Cannabis constituents, cannabidiol (CBD) and β-caryophyllene (β-CP), in a rodent model of orofacial pain associated with pulp exposure. Sham or left mandibular molar pulp exposures were performed on Sprague Dawley rats treated with either vehicle, the phytocannabinoid CBD (5 mg/kg i.p.) or the sesquiterpene β-CP (30 mg/kg i.p.) administered 1 h pre-exposure and on days 1, 3, 7, and 10 post-exposure. Orofacial mechanical allodynia was evaluated at baseline and post-pulp exposure. Trigeminal ganglia were harvested for histological evaluation at day 15. Pulp exposure was associated with significant orofacial sensitivity and neuroinflammation in the ipsilateral orofacial region and trigeminal ganglion. β-CP but not CBD produced a significant reduction in orofacial sensitivity. β-CP also significantly reduced the expression of the inflammatory markers AIF and CCL2, while CBD only decreased AIF expression. These data represent the first preclinical evidence that non-psychoactive cannabinoid-based pharmacotherapy may provide a therapeutic benefit for the treatment of orofacial pain associated with pulp exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana Y Laks
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hongbo Li
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Sara Jane Ward
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Scandiffio R, Bonzano S, Cottone E, Shrestha S, Bossi S, De Marchis S, Maffei ME, Bovolin P. Beta-Caryophyllene Modifies Intracellular Lipid Composition in a Cell Model of Hepatic Steatosis by Acting through CB2 and PPAR Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076060. [PMID: 37047034 PMCID: PMC10094507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease; however, no specific pharmacological therapy has yet been approved for this condition. Plant-derived extracts can be an important source for the development of new drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of (E)-β-caryophyllene (BCP), a phytocannabinoid recently found to be beneficial against metabolic diseases, on HepG2 steatotic hepatocytes. Using a fluorescence-based lipid quantification assay and GC-MS analysis, we show that BCP is able to decrease lipid accumulation in steatotic conditions and to change the typical steatotic lipid profile by primarily reducing saturated fatty acids. By employing specific antagonists, we demonstrate that BCP action is mediated by multiple receptors: CB2 cannabinoid receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and γ (PPARγ). Interestingly, BCP was able to counteract the increase in CB2 and the reduction in PPARα receptor expression observed in steatotic conditions. Moreover, through immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, we demonstrate that CB2 receptors are mainly intracellularly localized and that BCP is internalized in HepG2 cells with a maximum peak at 2 h, suggesting a direct interaction with intracellular receptors. The results obtained with BCP in normal and steatotic hepatocytes encourage future applications in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Scandiffio
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Bonzano
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Erika Cottone
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Sujata Shrestha
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Bossi
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo E Maffei
- Plant Physiology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bovolin
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
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Alves-Silva JM, Maccioni D, Cocco E, Gonçalves MJ, Porcedda S, Piras A, Cruz MT, Salgueiro L, Maxia A. Advances in the Phytochemical Characterisation and Bioactivities of Salvia aurea L. Essential Oil. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1247. [PMID: 36986933 PMCID: PMC10056036 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Salvia L. genus (Lamiaceae) is largely used in the pharmaceutical and food industry. Several species of biological relevance are extensively employed in traditional medicine, including Salvia aurea L. (syn. S. africana-lutea L.), which is used as a traditional skin disinfectant and in wounds as a healing remedy; nevertheless, these properties have not been validated yet. The aim of the present study is to characterise S. aurea essential oil (EO), unveiling its chemical composition and validating its biological properties. The EO was obtained by hydrodistillation and subsequently analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Different biological activities were assessed: the antifungal effect on dermatophytes and yeasts and the anti-inflammatory potential by evaluating nitric oxide (NO) production and COX-2 and iNOS protein levels. Wound-healing properties were assessed using the scratch-healing test, and the anti-aging capacity was estimated through the senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity. S. aurea EO is mainly characterised by 1,8-cineole (16.7%), β-pinene (11.9%), cis-thujone (10.5%), camphor (9.5%), and (E)-caryophyllene (9.3%). The results showed an effective inhibition of the growth of dermatophytes. Furthermore, it significantly reduced protein levels of iNOS/COX-2 and simultaneously NO release. Additionally, the EO exhibited anti-senescence potential and enhanced wound healing. Overall, this study highlights the remarkable pharmacological properties of Salvia aurea EO, which should be further explored in order to develop innovative, sustainable, and environmentally friendly skin products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Miguel Alves-Silva
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Health Sciences Campus, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Delia Maccioni
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale Sant’Ignazio 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Emma Cocco
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale Sant’Ignazio 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria José Gonçalves
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Silvia Porcedda
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Alessandra Piras
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andrea Maxia
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale Sant’Ignazio 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
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30
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Frost CJ, Ramirez-Mata A, Khattri RB, Merritt ME, Frost SC. Effects of β-caryophyllene and oxygen availability on cholesterol and fatty acids in breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281396. [PMID: 36893152 PMCID: PMC9997903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of most solid tumors, one that favors tumor progression and limits treatment effectiveness. Targeting hypoxia has long been a goal in cancer therapy, by identifying factors that reverse or ameliorate the effects of hypoxia on cancer cells. We, and others, have shown that β-caryophyllene (BCP) exhibits anti-proliferative properties in cancer cells. We have further shown that non-cytotoxic concentrations of BCP affect cholesterol and lipid biosynthesis in hypoxic hBrC cells at both transcriptional and translational levels. This led us to hypothesize that BCP may reverse the hypoxic phenotype in hBrC cells. To test this, we determined the effect of BCP on hypoxic sensitive pathways, including oxygen consumption, glycolysis, oxidative stress, cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis, and ERK activation. While each of these studies revealed new information on the regulation by hypoxia and BCP, only the lipidomic studies showed reversal of hypoxic-dependent effects by BCP. These later studies showed that hypoxia-treated samples lowered monounsaturated fatty acid levels, shifting the saturation ratios of the fatty acid pools. This signature was ameliorated by sub-lethal concentrations of BCP, possibly through an effect on the C:16 fatty acid saturation ratios. This is consistent with BCP-induced upregulation of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene, observed previously. This suggests that BCP may interfere with the lipid signature modulated by hypoxia which could have consequences for membrane biosynthesis or composition, both of which are important for cell replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Frost
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Andrea Ramirez-Mata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Ram B. Khattri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Matthew E. Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Susan C. Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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31
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Luu-dam NA, Le CVC, Satyal P, Le TMH, Bui VH, Vo VH, Ngo GH, Bui TC, Nguyen HH, Setzer WN. Chemistry and Bioactivity of Croton Essential Oils: Literature Survey and Croton hirtus from Vietnam. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052361. [PMID: 36903605 PMCID: PMC10005233 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Using essential oils to control vectors, intermediate hosts, and disease-causing microorganisms is a promising approach. The genus Croton in the family Euphorbiaceae is a large genus, with many species containing large amounts of essential oils, however, essential oil studies are limited in terms of the number of Croton species investigated. In this work, the aerial parts of C. hirtus growing wild in Vietnam were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A total of 141 compounds were identified in C. hirtus essential oil, in which sesquiterpenoids dominated, comprising 95.4%, including the main components β-caryophyllene (32.8%), germacrene D (11.6%), β-elemene (9.1%), α-humulene (8.5%), and caryophyllene oxide (5.0%). The essential oil of C. hirtus showed very strong biological activities against the larvae of four mosquito species with 24 h LC50 values in the range of 15.38-78.27 μg/mL, against Physella acuta adults with a 48 h LC50 value of 10.09 μg/mL, and against ATCC microorganisms with MIC values in the range of 8-16 μg/mL. In order to provide a comparison with previous works, a literature survey on the chemical composition, mosquito larvicidal, molluscicidal, antiparasitic, and antimicrobial activities of essential oils of Croton species was conducted. Seventy-two references (seventy articles and one book) out of a total of two hundred and forty-four references related to the chemical composition and bioactivity of essential oils of Croton species were used for this paper. The essential oils of some Croton species were characterized by their phenylpropanoid compounds. The experimental results of this research and the survey of the literature showed that Croton essential oils have the potential to be used to control mosquito-borne and mollusk-borne diseases, as well as microbial infections. Research on unstudied Croton species is needed to search for species with high essential oil contents and excellent biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Anh Luu-dam
- Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), No. 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Graduate University of Science and Technology, No. 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam
| | - Canh Viet Cuong Le
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 321 Huynh Thuc Khang, Hue 530000, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Prabodh Satyal
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
| | - Thi Mai Hoa Le
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Vinh Medical University, 161 Nguyen Phong Sac, Vinh 461150, Vietnam
| | - Van Huong Bui
- Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), No. 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Graduate University of Science and Technology, No. 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam
| | - Van Hoa Vo
- Department of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Gia Huy Ngo
- Department of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 5000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Chinh Bui
- Faculty of Biology, University of Education, Hue University, 34 Le Loi St., Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Huy Hung Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 5000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +84-967036828
| | - William N. Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
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32
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Nikolic D, Bosco L, Moschetti M, Tinnirello V, Pucci M, Corleone V, Raimondo S, Alessandro R, Fontana S. Anti-inflammatory properties of an aldehydes-enriched fraction of grapefruit essential oil. J Food Sci 2023; 88:1172-1187. [PMID: 36651875 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is linked to the development of numerous diseases and is accompanied by increased cytokine secretion. Macrophages provide a first line of defense against pathogens that under inflammatory stimuli release pro-inflammatory cytokines. The essential oil (EO) fractions obtained from Citrus spp. rich in different compounds have gained the attention of both researchers and users during the last decades. In particular, grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) peel is rich in phenolics and flavonoids with several health benefits, including anti-inflammatory actions. Additionally, its EO consists of a large number of compounds such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, and oxides. Among the methods for encapsulating EOs, spray-drying is the main one. In the present study, we aimed to determine the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of EO from C. paradisi (grapefruit essential oil [GEO]) (whole and fractions) in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model. Results indicate that Fr-GEO and Fr-GEO_SD exert protective effects against LPS-induced inflammation by decreasing gene expression and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines as IL-6 and TNF-α. Monoterpenes as the most common components, as well as aldehydes and sesquiterpenes, might be responsible for such effects, although a synergistic action is not excluded. Furthermore, a higher percent of aldehydes is linked to improved olfactory properties. Our findings support the anti-inflammatory effects of selected Fr-GEO with a great potential for the development of new nutraceuticals and/or functional food for the treatment of inflammatory-associated diseases. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The findings of this study support the anti-inflammatory effects of selected Fr-GEO with a great potential for the development of new nutraceuticals and/or functional food for the treatment of inflammatory-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Nikolic
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Liana Bosco
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Moschetti
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenza Tinnirello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Agrumaria Corleone s.p.a., Palermo, Italy
| | - Marzia Pucci
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Fontana
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Refaat Fahim J, Darwish AG, El Zawily A, Wells J, Abourehab MA, Yehia Desoukey S, Zekry Attia E. Exploring the volatile metabolites of three Chorisia species: Comparative headspace GC–MS, multivariate chemometrics, chemotaxonomic significance, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:706-726. [PMID: 37181141 PMCID: PMC10172601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chorisia (syn. Ceiba) species are important ornamental, economic, and medicinal plants that are endowed with a diversity of secondary metabolites; however, their volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been scarcely studied. Therefore, this work explores and compares the headspace floral volatiles of three common Chorisia species, namely Chorisia chodatii Hassl., Chorisia speciosa A. St.-Hil, and Chorisia insignis H.B.K. for the first time. A total of 112 VOCs of varied biosynthetic origins were identified at different qualitative and quantitative ratios, encompassing isoprenoids, fatty acid derivatives, phenylpropanoids, and others. Flowers of the investigated species showed perceptibly differentiated volatile profiles, with those emitted by C. insignis being dominated by non-oxygenated compounds (56.69 %), whereas oxygenated derivatives prevailed among the volatiles of C. chodatii (66.04 %) and C. speciosa (71.53 %). The variable importance in the projection (VIP) in the partial least-squares-discriminant (PLS-DA) analysis described 25 key compounds among the studied species, of which linalool was verified as the most important aroma compound based on VIP values and significance analysis, and it could represent the most typical VOC among these Chorisia species. Furthermore, molecular docking and dynamics analyses of both the major and the key VOCs displayed their moderate to promising binding interactions with four main proteins of SARS-CoV-2, including Mpro, PLpro, RdRp, and spike S1 subunit RBD. The current results collectively cast new light on the chemical diversity of the VOCs of Chorisia plants as well as their chemotaxonomic and biological relevance.
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34
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Iden JA, Raphael-Mizrahi B, Awida Z, Naim A, Zyc D, Liron T, Kasher M, Livshits G, Vered M, Gabet Y. The Anti-Tumorigenic Role of Cannabinoid Receptor 2 in Colon Cancer: A Study in Mice and Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044060. [PMID: 36835468 PMCID: PMC9961974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system, particularly cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2 in mice and CNR2 in humans), has controversial pathophysiological implications in colon cancer. Here, we investigate the role of CB2 in potentiating the immune response in colon cancer in mice and determine the influence of CNR2 variants in humans. Comparing wild-type (WT) mice to CB2 knockout (CB2-/-) mice, we performed a spontaneous cancer study in aging mice and subsequently used the AOM/DSS model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer and a model for hereditary colon cancer (ApcMin/+). Additionally, we analyzed genomic data in a large human population to determine the relationship between CNR2 variants and colon cancer incidence. Aging CB2-/- mice exhibited a higher incidence of spontaneous precancerous lesions in the colon compared to WT controls. The AOM/DSS-treated CB2-/- and ApcMin/+CB2-/- mice experienced aggravated tumorigenesis and enhanced splenic populations of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells along with abated anti-tumor CD8+ T cells. Importantly, corroborative genomic data reveal a significant association between non-synonymous variants of CNR2 and the incidence of colon cancer in humans. Taken together, the results suggest that endogenous CB2 activation suppresses colon tumorigenesis by shifting the balance towards anti-tumor immune cells in mice and thus portray the prognostic value of CNR2 variants for colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ana Iden
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Bitya Raphael-Mizrahi
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Zamzam Awida
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Aaron Naim
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dan Zyc
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tamar Liron
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Melody Kasher
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Department of Morphological Studies, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Department of Morphological Studies, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Marilena Vered
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Imaging, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Institute of Pathology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Correspondence:
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Hemp Seed Oil in Association with β-Caryophyllene, Myrcene and Ginger Extract as a Nutraceutical Integration in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blind Prospective Case-Control Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020191. [PMID: 36837393 PMCID: PMC9960141 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Nutraceuticals are gaining more and more importance as a knee osteoarthritis (KOA) complementary treatment. Among nutraceuticals, hemp seed oil and terpenes are proving to be very useful as therapeutic support for many chronic diseases, but there are still few studies regarding their effectiveness for treating KOA, both in combination and separately. The aim of this study is thus to compare the effect of two dietary supplements, both containing hemp seed oil, but of which only one also contains terpenes, in relieving pain and improving joint function in patients suffering from KOA. Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight patients were recruited and divided into two groups. The control group underwent a 45 day treatment with a hemp seed oil-based dietary supplement, while the treatment group assumed a hemp seed oil and terpenes dietary supplement for the same period. Patients were evaluated at the enrollment (T0) and at the end of treatment (T1). Outcome measures were: Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Short-Form-12 (SF-12), Knee Injury Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and Oxford Knee Score (OKS). Results: All outcome measures improved at T1 in both groups, but NRS, KOOS and OKS had a greater significant improvement in the treatment group only. Conclusions: Hemp seed oil and terpenes resulted a more effective integrative treatment option in KOA, improving joint pain and function and representing a good complementary option for patients suffering from osteoarthritis.
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β-Caryophyllene Acts as a Ferroptosis Inhibitor to Ameliorate Experimental Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416055. [PMID: 36555694 PMCID: PMC9784863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage infiltration is one of the main pathological features of ulcerative colitis (UC) and ferroptosis is a type of nonapoptotic cell death, connecting oxidative stress and inflammation. However, whether ferroptosis occurs in the colon macrophages of UC mice and whether targeting macrophage ferroptosis is an effective approach for UC treatment remain unclear. The present study revealed that macrophage lipid peroxidation was observed in the colon of UC mice. Subsequently, we screened several main components of essential oil from Artemisia argyi and found that β-caryophyllene (BCP) had a good inhibitory effect on macrophage lipid peroxidation. Additionally, ferroptotic macrophages were found to increase the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnf-α) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2), while BCP can reverse the effects of inflammation activated by ferroptosis. Further molecular mechanism studies revealed that BCP activated the type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2R) to inhibit macrophage ferroptosis and its induced inflammatory response both in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, BCP potentially ameliorated experimental colitis inflammation by inhibiting macrophage ferroptosis. These results revealed that macrophage ferroptosis is a potential therapeutic target for UC and identified a novel mechanism of BCP in ameliorating experimental colitis.
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Viczjan G, Szilagyi A, Takacs B, Ovari I, Szekeres R, Tarjanyi V, Erdei T, Teleki V, Zsuga J, Szilvassy Z, Juhasz B, Varga B, Gesztelyi R. The effect of a long-term treatment with cannabidiol-rich hemp extract oil on the adenosinergic system of the zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat atrium. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1043275. [PMID: 36588715 PMCID: PMC9797669 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1043275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), the most extensively studied non-intoxicating phytocannabinoid, has been attracting a lot of interest worldwide owing to its numerous beneficial effects. The aim of this study was to explore the effect that CBD exerts on the adenosinergic system of paced left atria isolated from obese type Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats, maintained on diabetogenic rat chow, received 60 mg/kg/day CBD or vehicle via gavage for 4 weeks. We found that N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), a relatively stable and poorly transported A1 adenosine receptor agonist, elicited a significantly weaker response in the CBD-treated group than in the vehicle-treated one. In contrast, adenosine, a quickly metabolized and transported adenosine receptor agonist, evoked a significantly stronger response in the CBD-treated group than in the vehicle-treated counterpart (excepting its highest concentrations). These results can be explained only with the adenosine transport inhibitory property of CBD (and not with its adenosine receptor agonist activity). If all the effects of CBD are attributed to the interstitial adenosine accumulation caused by CBD in the myocardium, then a significantly increased adenosinergic activation can be assumed during the long-term oral CBD treatment, suggesting a considerably enhanced adenosinergic protection in the heart. Considering that our results may have been influenced by A1 adenosine receptor downregulation due to the chronic interstitial adenosine accumulation, an adenosinergic activation smaller than it seemed cannot be excluded, but it was above the CBD-naïve level in every case. Additionally, this is the first study offering functional evidence about the adenosine transport inhibitory action of CBD in the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Viczjan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anna Szilagyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Barbara Takacs
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ignac Ovari
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Reka Szekeres
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Vera Tarjanyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamas Erdei
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Vanda Teleki
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Zsuga
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Szilvassy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bela Juhasz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balazs Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rudolf Gesztelyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,*Correspondence: Rudolf Gesztelyi,
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Barré T, Carrat F, Ramier C, Fontaine H, Di Beo V, Bureau M, Dorival C, Larrey D, Delarocque-Astagneau E, Mathurin P, Marcellin F, Petrov-Sanchez V, Cagnot C, Carrieri P, Pol S, Protopopescu C, Alric L, Pomes C, Zoulim F, Maynard M, Bai R, Hucault L, Bailly F, Raffi F, Billaud E, Boutoille D, Lefebvre M, André-Garnier E, Cales P, Hubert I, Lannes A, Lunel F, Boursier J, Asselah T, Boyer N, Giuily N, Castelnau C, Scoazec G, Pol S, Fontaine H, Rousseaud E, Vallet-Pichard A, Sogni P, de Ledinghen V, Foucher J, Hiriart JB, M’Bouyou J, Irlès-Depé M, Bourlière M, Ahmed SNS, Oules V, Tran A, Anty R, Gelsi E, Truchi R, Thabut D, Hammeche S, Moussali J, Causse X, De Dieuleveult B, Ouarani B, Labarrière D, Ganne N, Grando-Lemaire V, Nahon P, Brulé S, Ulker B, Guyader D, Jezequel C, Brener A, Laligant A, Rabot A, Renard I, Habersetzer F, Baumert TF, Doffoel M, Mutter C, Simo-Noumbissie P, Razi E, Bronowicki JP, Barraud H, Bensenane M, Nani A, Hassani-Nani S, Bernard MA, Pageaux GP, Larrey D, Meszaros M, Metivier S, Bureau C, Morales T, Peron JM, Robic MA, Decaens T, Faure M, Froissart B, Hilleret MN, Zarski JP, Riachi G, Goria O, Paris F, Montialoux H, Leroy V, Amaddeo G, Varaut A, Simoes M, Amzal R, Chazouillières O, Andreani T, Angoulevant B, Chevance A, Serfaty L, Samuel D, Antonini T, Coilly A, Duclos-Vallée JC, Tateo M, Abergel A, Reymond M, Brigitte C, Benjamin B, Muti L, Geist C, Conroy G, Riffault R, Rosa I, Barrault C, Costes L, Hagège H, Loustaud-Ratti V, Carrier P, Debette-Gratien M, Mathurin P, Lassailly G, Lemaitre E, Canva V, Dharancy S, Louvet A, Minello A, Latournerie M, Bardou M, Mouillot T, D’Alteroche L, Barbereau D, Nicolas C, Elkrief L, Jaillais A, Gournay J, Chevalier C, Archambeaud I, Habes S, Portal I, Gelu-Simeon M, Saillard E, Lafrance MJ, Catherine L, Carrat F, Chau F, Dorival C, Goderel I, Lusivika-Nzinga C, Bellance MA, Bellet J, Monfalet P, Chane-Teng J, Bijaoui S, Pannetier G, Téoulé F, Nicol J, Sebal F, Bekhti R, Cagnot C, Boston A, Nailler L, Le Meut G, Diallo A, Petrov-Sanchez V, Bourlière M, Boursier J, Carrat F, Carrieri P, Delarocque-Astagneau E, De Ledinghen V, Dorival C, Fontaine H, Fourati S, Housset C, Larrey D, Nahon P, Pageaux GP, Petrov-Sanchez V, Pol S, Bruyand M, Wittkop L, Zoulim F, Zucman-Rossi J, L’hennaff M, Sizorn M, Cagnot C. Cannabis use as a factor of lower corpulence in hepatitis C-infected patients: results from the ANRS CO22 Hepather cohort. J Cannabis Res 2022; 4:31. [PMID: 35690798 PMCID: PMC9188079 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-022-00138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are at greater risk of developing metabolic disorders. Obesity is a major risk factor for these disorders, and therefore, managing body weight is crucial. Cannabis use, which is common in these patients, has been associated with lower corpulence in various populations. However, this relationship has not yet been studied in persons with chronic HCV infection. Methods Using baseline data from the French ANRS CO22 Hepather cohort, we used binary logistic and multinomial logistic regression models to test for an inverse relationship between cannabis use (former/current) and (i) central obesity (i.e., large waist circumference) and (ii) overweight and obesity (i.e., elevated body mass index (BMI)) in patients from the cohort who had chronic HCV infection. We also tested for relationships between cannabis use and both waist circumference and BMI as continuous variables, using linear regression models. Results Among the 6348 participants in the study population, 55% had central obesity, 13.7% had obesity according to their BMI, and 12.4% were current cannabis users. After multivariable adjustment, current cannabis use was associated with lower risk of central obesity (adjusted odds ratio, aOR [95% confidence interval, CI]: 0.45 [0.37–0.55]), BMI-based obesity (adjusted relative risk ratio (aRRR) [95% CI]: 0.27 [0.19–0.39]), and overweight (aRRR [95% CI]: 0.47 [0.38–0.59]). This was also true for former use, but to a lesser extent. Former and current cannabis use were inversely associated with waist circumference and BMI. Conclusions We found that former and, to a greater extent, current cannabis use were consistently associated with smaller waist circumference, lower BMI, and lower risks of overweight, obesity, and central obesity in patients with chronic HCV infection. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these relationships and to assess the effect of cannabis use on corpulence and liver outcomes after HCV cure. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01953458.
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Effects of Fermentation on the Physicochemical Properties and Aroma of Lamb Liver Paste. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8120676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The probiotic fermentation of lamb liver paste is a new method with which to utilize sheep by-products and address the issue of waste. In this study, a pH meter, chromaticity meter, texture analyzer, and gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer (GC–MS) were used to determine various indicators. The objective was to investigate the effect of fermentation on the physical properties and aroma of lamb liver paste. The results showed that the L* (brightness), a* (redness), and b* (yellowness) of the samples were significantly higher in the starter fermentation group than in the other two groups after storage for 0, 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days (p < 0.05). In addition, cohesiveness, adhesion, and chewiness were lower in the starter fermentation group after 7 days (p < 0.05). TVB-N and fat were lower in the starter fermentation group compared to the sterilization group at 28 days. pH was significantly lower in the starter fermentation group at the beginning of storage, and lactic acid bacteria numbers were significantly higher than in the sterilization groups (p < 0.05). Important aroma compounds, such as 2-undecenal, 1-octen-3-ol, and anethole, were significantly higher in the starter fermentation group than in the sterilization group (p < 0.05). Fermented lamb liver paste is a new by-product that exhibits a high degree of freshness and a low degree of fat oxidation during storage. This study provides a theoretical basis for future industrial production.
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Gaylis NB, Kreychman I, Sagliani J, Mograbi J, Gabet Y. The results of a unique dietary supplement (nutraceutical formulation) used to treat the symptoms of long-haul COVID. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1034169. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1034169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-COVID is a syndrome characterized by debilitating symptoms that persist over 3 months after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It affects 15 to 33% of COVID-19 recovered patients and has no dedicated treatment. First, we found that β-caryophyllene and pregnenolone have a significant synergistic effect in the resolution of LPS-induced sepsis and inflammation in mice. Then we combined these two compounds with seven others and designed a unique dietary supplement formulation to alleviate long COVID inflammatory and neurological disorders. We performed a one-arm open-labeled study at a single site with 51 eligible patients from 18 states. Each participant recorded the severity level of 12 symptoms (including fatigue, weakness, cardiac and neurological symptoms, shortness of breath, gastrointestinal disorders, ageusia or anosmia, anxiety, joint pain, rash, cough, and insomnia) at baseline, 2- and 4-week time points. On average, all the symptoms were significantly milder after 2 weeks, with further improvement after 4 weeks. Importantly, each symptom was significantly attenuated in 72 to 84% of the participants. There were no significant adverse effects. Our data indicate that the use of this nutraceutical product is a safe and significantly efficient option to reduce multiple symptoms of long COVID.
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Kishi C, Higashihara M, Takemoto Y, Kamei M, Yoshioka Y, Matsumura S, Yamada K, Kobayashi T, Matahira Y, Moriyama T, Zaima N. Inhaled volatile β-caryophyllene is incorporated into the aortic wall and attenuates nicotine-induced aorta degeneration via a CB2 receptor-dependent pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Protective Effects of β-Caryophyllene against Amikacin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rat by Regulating the Nrf2/AMPK/AKT and NF- κB/TGF- β/KIM-1 Molecular Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4212331. [PMID: 36062191 PMCID: PMC9439917 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4212331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the molecular pathogenic pathways implicated in renal injury triggered by amikacin (AK), together with the alleviating actions of β-caryophyllene (BCP), were investigated. Adult male Wistar rats (n = 32) were disseminated to the four following groups (n = 8/group): normal group, positive control animals (PC) that received AK intraperitoneal injections for 14 days (500 mg/kg/day), and rats that received AK simultaneously with small (200 mg/kg/day) and high doses (400 mg/kg/day) of BCP. The PC renal tissues revealed abnormal histology alongside increased apoptosis and significantly elevated serum creatinine and urea with marked proteinuria and oliguria relative to the normal rats. Moreover, renal tissues from the PC animals also showed substantial upregulations in NF-κB/TGF-β/KIM-1, whilst Nrf2/AMPK/AKT/PCNA declined, at the gene and protein levels in comparison to the normal rats. Additionally, the levels of markers of oxidative stress (MDA/H2O2/protein adducts) and inflammation (TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-6/IL-18/TLR/HSP25) were substantially higher in the PC renal specimens, whereas the antioxidants (GSH/GPx/SOD1/CAT) and interleukin-10 decreased, relative to the NC group. Both BCP protocols improved the biochemical markers of renal functions, alleviated renal histopathology and apoptosis, and decreased NF-κB/TGF-β/KIM-1 alongside the concentrations of oxidative stress and proinflammatory markers, whilst promoting Nrf2/AMPK/AKT/IL-10/PCNA and the targeted antioxidants. However, the improving effects in the high-dose regimen were markedly stronger than those observed in animals treated with low dose of BCP. In conclusion, the present report is the first to connect NF-κB/TGF-β/KIM-1 proinflammatory and Nrf2/AMPK/AKT antioxidative stress pathways with the pathogenesis of AK-induced nephrotoxicity. Additionally, the current report is the first to disclose alleviating activities for BCP against AK-triggered nephrotoxicity by modulating multiple antioxidative stress with anti-inflammatory molecular pathways.
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Tomita T, Kawano Y, Kassai M, Onda H, Nakajima Y, Miyazaki K. Hydroxy-β-sanshool isolated from Zanthoxylum piperitum (Japanese pepper) shortens the period of the circadian clock. Food Funct 2022; 13:9407-9418. [PMID: 35960176 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01036d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We showed that an ethanol extract from Zanthoxylum piperitum can shorten the circadian rhythm at the cellular level and that this activity was due to hydroxy-β-sanshool, a secondary metabolite in this plant. An ethanol extract of Z. piperitum was repeatedly fractionated using solid phase extraction and reverse-phase HPLC, then the circadian rhythms of cells to which the fractions were loaded were monitored using real-time reporter gene assays. We purified one HPLC peak and identified it as hydroxy-β-sanshool using liquid chromatography (LC)-precision-mass spectrometry (MS). This compound shortened the period of Bmal1 and Per2 at the cellular level. Incubation cells for 24 h with hydroxy-β-sanshool resulted in upregulated Per2 promoter activity. Hydroxy-β-sanshool also dose-dependently upregulated expression of the clock genes Bmal1, Per1, Per2 and Cry1 and the clock-controlled oxidative stress responsive genes Gpx1and Sod2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsunosuke Tomita
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Kawano
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Kassai
- S&B Foods Inc., #605 MITSUI LINK-Lab Shinkiba1 Shinkiba 2-3-8, Koto-ku, Tokyo 136-0082, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Onda
- S&B Foods Inc., #605 MITSUI LINK-Lab Shinkiba1 Shinkiba 2-3-8, Koto-ku, Tokyo 136-0082, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakajima
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hayashicho 2217-14, Takamatsu, 761-0395, Japan
| | - Koyomi Miyazaki
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan.
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Relationships between Volatile Organic Compounds Released by Wheat Plants Following Artificial Stress and Their Potential Influence on Natural Pest Management. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to establish new agro-technical practices that require the delivery of effective, natural, ecological, and verified solutions. The evaluation of possible applications in the field of cropping and farming in recent years has resulted in numerous products and approaches, which may potentially reduce our dependence on artificial pesticides. A major requirement to help establish these new agro-technical practices is to determine their efficiency. Here we present a study that investigates the relationship between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by Triticum sp. plants under two artificial stress conditions. We discuss their effectiveness in natural pest management and for use in monitoring crop health. Two varieties of spring wheat, “Kandela” and “Serenada”, were exposed to either mechanical (deliberate) wounding, to imitate the stress caused by insect attack, or exposure to methyl jasmonate, a defence volatile used by plants. Both stress factors caused an increased release of green leaf volatiles (C6 aldehydes and alcohols) and other volatile compounds, such as (E)-β-ocimene, linalool, β-caryophyllene, and (E)-β-farnesene. VOC emission rates are reported at three time points (24, 48, and 72 h) following a stress factor. Correlation coefficients between the emitted plant’s VOCs indicate the potential of monitoring just one single compound from the combination of volatiles emitted by plants to predict the overall condition of a crop. This has major implications for the development of a chemically specific and fieldable analytical sensor that could be used to provide an array of volatile monitoring stations delivering information continuously and in real-time. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the volatiles released by damaged spring wheat for pest management by exposing a shield bug (Bishop’s Mitre (Aelia acuminata L.), Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), to them.
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Costa WK, de Oliveira AM, da Silva Santos IB, Guimarães Silva VB, de Aguiar JCRDOF, Navarro DMDAF, Dos Santos Correia MT, Vanusa da Silva M. Influence of seasonal variation on the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil from Eugenia pohliana DC leaves. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200034. [PMID: 35864035 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyse the influence of seasonal variation on the chemical composition and antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of the essential oil (EO) extracted from the leaves of Eugenia pohliana. Chemical characterisation of the samples- by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry- found 35 and 38 components for summer and winter, respectively, of the EO from E. pohliana leaves, totaling 47 different compounds. Analysis of antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS and TAC) revealed that the summer EO showed greater free radical scavenging capacity than the winter. Similarly, the summer EO exhibited superior antimicrobial potential (MIC=128-512 μg/mL and MMC=128-1024 μg/mL, compared to the winter EO (128-2048 μg/mL and 256-2048 μg/mL, respectively). Results showed that both oils had a low potential to cause haemolysis. This study provides new scientific evidence on the influence of seasonality on the pharmacological properties of E. pohliana leaves and its potential for the development of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendeo Kennedy Costa
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Bioquímica, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 50670-420, Recife, BRAZIL
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Márcia Vanusa da Silva
- UFPE: Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Bioquímica, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, Recife, BRAZIL
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Amadike Ugbogu E, Emmanuel O, Ebubechi Uche M, Dike Dike E, Chukwuebuka Okoro B, Ibe C, Chibueze Ude V, Nwabu Ekweogu C, Chinyere Ugbogu O. The ethnobotanical, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Psidium guajava L. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Zhang W, Lin H, Cheng W, Huang Z, Zhang W. Protective Effect and Mechanism of Plant-Based Monoterpenoids in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4839-4859. [PMID: 35436113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The protective effect of plant active ingredients against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming increasingly prominent, and the terpenoids have always been the main active compounds in Chinese herbal medicine exerting hepatoprotective effects. However, the related pharmacological effects, especially for monoterpenoids or iridoid glycosides, which have obvious effects on improvement of NAFLD, have not been systematically analyzed. The objective of this review is to systematically examine the molecular mechanisms of monoterpenoids in NAFLD. The signaling pathways of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, insulin, nuclear factor κB, toll-like receptor, adipocytokine, RAC-α serine/threonine protein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase, and autophagy have been proven to mediate this protective effect. We further compared the experimental data from animal models, including the dosage of these monoterpenoids in detail, and demonstrated that they are effective and safe candidate drugs for NAFLD. This review provides a reference for the development of NAFLD drugs as well as a research guideline for the potential uses of plant monoterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Cheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenrui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
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48
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Younis NS. β-Caryophyllene Ameliorates Cyclophosphamide Induced Cardiac Injury: The Association of TLR4/NFκB and Nrf2/HO1/NQO1 Pathways. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9050133. [PMID: 35621844 PMCID: PMC9145742 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9050133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: β-caryophyllene (BCP), a natural sesquiterpene, is extensively present in the essential oils of several plants. Cyclophosphamide (CYC) is an anticancer drug. However, its clinical usage is inadequate due to its cardiotoxicity. The aim of this study was to study the effects of BCP on cardiac injury induced by CYC exposure, and to identify the underlying mechanism of action. Methods: Five groups of Wistar rats were allocated. Group I (Normal), II (BCP), and III (CYC) acted as controls. Group IV, V (CYC + BCP) received BCP in two doses (100 and 200 mg/kg, orally, respectively) for 14 days after CYC challenge. CYC groups received 200 mg/kg, i.p. of the drug once on the first day of experiments. Results: CYC group displayed numerous ECG and histological irregularities and cardiac markers elevation. CYC induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress intensification, as well as inflammatory and apoptotic markers escalation. Treatment with BCP resulted in modified ECG traces and histological sections. BCP mitigated cardiac markers and lipid peroxidation whereas intensified antioxidant capacity. BCP activated Nrf2, with subsequent HO1 and NQO1 amplification. BCP diminished TLR4/NFκB pathway, which consequently lessened the inflammatory and apoptosis responses. Conclusion: BCP administration was associated with activated Nrf2/HO1/NQO1 and inhibited TLR4/NFκB pathways with subsequent enhanced anti-oxidative capacity and diminished inflammatory and apoptosis responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy S Younis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Beta-Caryophyllene Mediated by the Involvement of TRPV1, BDNF and trkB in the Rat Cerebral Cortex after Hypoperfusion/Reperfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073633. [PMID: 35408995 PMCID: PMC8998979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that bilateral common carotid artery occlusion followed by reperfusion (BCCAO/R) is a model to study early hypoperfusion/reperfusion-induced changes in biomarkers of the tissue physiological response to oxidative stress and inflammation. Thus in this study, we investigate with immunochemical assays if a single dose of beta-caryophyllene (BCP), administered before the BCCAO/R, can modulate the TRPV1, BDNF, and trkB receptor in the brain cortex; the glial markers GFAP and Iba1 were also examined. Frontal and temporal-occipital cortical regions were analyzed in two groups of male rats, sham-operated and submitted to BCCAO/R. Six hours before surgery, one group was gavage fed a dose of BCP (40 mg/per rat in 300 μL of sunflower oil), the other was pre-treated with the vehicle alone. Western blot analysis showed that, in the frontal cortex of vehicle-treated rats, the BCCAO/R caused a TRPV1 decrease, an increment of trkB and GFAP, no change in BDNF and Iba1. The BCP treatment caused a decrease of BDNF and an increase of trkB levels in both sham and BCCAO/R conditions while inducing opposite changes in the case of TRPV1, whose levels became higher in BCCAO/R and lower in sham conditions. Present results highlight the role of BCP in modulating early events of the cerebral inflammation triggered by the BCCAO/R through the regulation of TRPV1 and the BDNF-trkB system.
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Study on the Multitarget Mechanism and Active Compounds of Essential Oil from Artemisia argyi Treating Pressure Injuries Based on Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1019289. [PMID: 35096100 PMCID: PMC8791709 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1019289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to comprehensively explore multitarget mechanism and key active compounds of Artemisia argyi essential oil (AAEO) in the treatment of pressure injuries (PIs), we analyzed the biological functions and pathways involved in the intersection targets of AAEO and PIs based on network pharmacology, and the affinity of AAEO active compounds and core targets was verified by molecular docking finally. In our study, we first screened 54 effective components according to the relative content and biological activity. In total, 103 targets related to active compounds of AAEO and 2760 targets associated with PIs were obtained, respectively, and 50 key targets were overlapped by Venny 2.1.0. The construction of key targets-compounds network was achieved by the STRING database and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. GO analysis from Matespace shows that GO results are mainly enriched in biological processes, including adrenergic receptor activity, neurotransmitter clearance, and neurotransmitter metabolic process. KEGG analysis by the David and Kobas website shows that the key targets can achieve the treatment on PIs through a pathway in cancer, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection, MAPK signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, etc. In addition, molecular docking results from the CB-Dock server indicated that active compounds of AAEO had good activity docking with the first 10 key targets. In conclusion, the potential targets and regulatory molecular mechanisms of AAEO in the treatment of PIs were analyzed by network pharmacology and molecular docking. AAEO can cure PIs through the synergistic effect of multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway, providing a theoretical basis and new direction for further study.
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