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Haalck I, Székely A, Ramne S, Sonestedt E, von Brömssen C, Eriksson E, Lai FY. Are we using more sugar substitutes? Wastewater analysis reveals differences and rising trends in artificial sweetener usage in Swedish urban catchments. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108814. [PMID: 38917625 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The market for artificial sweeteners as substitutes for conventional sugar (sucrose) is growing, despite potential health risks associated with their intake. Estimating population usage of artificial sweeteners is therefore crucial, and wastewater analysis can serve as a complement to existing methods. This study evaluated spatial and temporal usage of artificial sweeteners in five Swedish communities based on wastewater analysis. We further compared their levels measured in wastewater with the restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden and assessed health risks to the Swedish population. Influent wastewater samples (n = 194) collected in March 2019-February 2022 from communities in central and southern Sweden were analyzed for acesulfame, saccharin, and sucralose using liquid-chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Spatial differences in loads for individual artificial sweetener were observed, with sucralose being higher in Kalmar (southern Sweden), and acesulfame and saccharin in Enköping and Östhammar (central Sweden). Based on sucrose equivalent doses, all communities showed a consistent prevalence pattern of sucralose > acesulfame > saccharin. Four communities with relatively short monitoring periods showed no apparent temporal changes in usage, but the four-year monitoring in Uppsala revealed a significant (p < 0.05) annual increase of ∼19 % for sucralose, ∼9 % for acesulfame and ∼8 % for saccharin. This trend showed no instant or delayed effects from COVID-19 restrictions, reflecting positively on the studied population which retained similar exposure to the artificial sweeteners despite potential pandemic stresses. Among the three artificial sweeteners, only acesulfame's levels were at the lower end of the health-related threshold for consumption of artificially sweetened beverages; yet, all were far below the acceptable daily intake, indicating no appreciable health risks. Our study provided valuable, pilot insights into the spatio-temporal usage of artificial sweeteners in Sweden and their associated health risks. This shows the usefulness of wastewater analysis for public health authorities wishing to assess future relevant interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Haalck
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala SE 75007, Sweden; Department of Exposure Science, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Székely
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala SE 75007, Sweden
| | - Stina Ramne
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Food and Meal Science and the Research Environment MEAL, Faculty of Natural Science, Kristianstad University, SE 29188 Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Claudia von Brömssen
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala SE 75007, Sweden
| | - Elin Eriksson
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala SE 75007, Sweden
| | - Foon Yin Lai
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala SE 75007, Sweden.
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2
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Duarte-Coimbra S, Forcina G, Pérez-Pardal L, Beja-Pereira A. Characterization of tongue dorsum microbiome in wine tasters. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112259. [PMID: 36596171 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Taste plays a paramount role in food and beverage choice, with recent studies pointing to a potential influence of the microorganisms from the tongue dorsum - particularly bacteria - on flavor perception. Thus, the association between tongue dorsum biofilm and taste is a fundamental prerequisite for a better understanding of the role played by these bacteria in wine tasting. To study this impact, we have analyzed the microbiomes from 58 samples of the tongue dorsum surface from professional wine tasters and 30 samples from non professional wine tasters. The microbiome of each sample was characterized through metagenome sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene for taxonomic discrimination of bacteria. A total of 497 taxa were identified in the tongue dorsum, and significant differences in diversity were observed between the wine taster and the control group. The comparison of bacterial diversity between samples collected before and after wine tasting along with the presence of new bacterial taxa indicates a direct effect of wine on the microbiome of frequent wine tasters, particularly in those tasting sparkling wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Duarte-Coimbra
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Giovanni Forcina
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Global Change Ecology and Evolution Research Group (GloCEE), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Pérez-Pardal
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
| | - Albano Beja-Pereira
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre (GreenUPorto), Universidade do Porto, Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-646 Vairão, Portugal.
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3
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Zhang R, Yang Q, Tang Q, Xi Y, Lin Q, Yang L. Is Adolescents' Free Sugar Intake Associated with the Free Sugar Intake of Their Parents? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224741. [PMID: 36432428 PMCID: PMC9693973 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High free sugar intake can lead to increased dental caries, obesity, and other health risks among adolescents. Studies have shown that family factors, especially parents, are one of the primary factors influencing adolescents' sugar intake. This study aims to investigate the influence of adolescent parents' free sugar intake, knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on adolescents' free sugar intake. A total of 1090 pairs of adolescents and their parents from 10 secondary schools in Changsha were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Free sugar intakes of parents and adolescents were measured using the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The current status of parents' knowledge, attitude, and practice in consuming free sugar was investigated using online and offline questionnaires. Parental free sugar intake was 11.55 (5.08, 21.95) g/d, and that of adolescents was 41.13 (19.06, 80.58) g/d. Parental free sugar intake, free sugar knowledge level, intake behavior, and guidance behavior were associated with adolescent free sugar intake. A superior level of parental free sugar knowledge (adjusted OR = 0.726, 95% CI: 0.557~0.946) was a protective factor for adolescent free sugar intake. Moderate and high levels of parental free sugar intake (adjusted OR = 1.706, 95% CI: 1.212~2.401; adjusted OR = 2.372, 95% CI: 1.492~3.773, respectively) were risk factors for free sugar intake in adolescents. Given the importance of parental influence on the adolescent free sugar intake, further limiting parental intake and increasing awareness of free sugars could play an active role in future interventions for adolescents' free sugar intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qian Lin
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-0731-84805464 (L.Y.)
| | - Lina Yang
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-0731-84805464 (L.Y.)
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4
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Grams L, Nelius AK, Pastor GG, Sillero-Quintana M, Veiga ÓL, Homeyer D, Kück M. Comparison of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet between Spanish and German School-Children and Influence of Gender, Overweight, and Physical Activity. Nutrients 2022; 14:4697. [PMID: 36364959 PMCID: PMC9655044 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor dietary habits and low levels of physical activity (PA) have a strong tendency to track from childhood into adulthood. The Mediterranean Diet (MD) is known to be extremely healthy, associated with lower BMI and a lower risk of obesity in children and adolescents. Therefore, adherence to the MD was compared between Spanish (n = 182) and German (n = 152) children aged 10 to 13 years to examine a possible more "westernized" diet in Spain with a non-Mediterranean country, that traditionally prefers a "Western diet" and to determine the association between adherence to the MD and gender, body composition, and PA levels. METHODS In the German observational longitudinal cohort study and the Spanish cohort study, body composition and questionnaires (KIDMED, Diet Quality (IAES)) were obtained, and accelerometers (Actigraph) were applied to detect PA. RESULTS Girls had higher BMI-standard deviation score (SDS) than boys and Spanish girls were less active than boys. Differences were detected in MD habits, such as favorable fruit-, vegetables-, fish-intakes, and dairy products in Spanish children and unfavorable consumptions of fast food, processed bakery goods, candies, and sweet beverages in German children. Independently of country, girls, children with lower BMI-SDS and children with higher PA level were related with better diet quality. CONCLUSION Spanish children showed higher adherence to MD and diet quality (IAES) compared to German children, but there was a trend toward a more "westernized" diet. Gender, body composition, and PA influenced nutrition regardless of country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Grams
- Faculty of Science, Physical Activity and Sports (INEF), Technical University of Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne-Katrin Nelius
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Guadalupe Garrido Pastor
- Faculty of Science, Physical Activity and Sports (INEF), Technical University of Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Sillero-Quintana
- Faculty of Science, Physical Activity and Sports (INEF), Technical University of Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar L. Veiga
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Denise Homeyer
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Momme Kück
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Magriplis E, Kanellopoulou A, Notara V, Antonogeorgos G, Rojas-Gil AP, Kornilaki EN, Lagiou A, Zampelas A, Panagiotakos DB. The Association of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages to Children's Weights Status Is Moderated by Frequency of Adding Sugars and Sleep Hours. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9071088. [PMID: 35884072 PMCID: PMC9317324 DOI: 10.3390/children9071088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Adding extra sugars in milk and the moderating effect of sleep has yet to be investigated, setting the aim of this study. A total of 1361 school-aged children were included, aged 10−12 years old, by randomly sampling schools. Data were interview-obtained by trained personnel using a validated 17-item food frequency questionnaire, with specifics on type of milk and extra sugar additions. Analyses were stratified by average recommended hours of sleep. Predictive probability margins were obtained following necessary adjustments. Mean BMI was significantly lower, the level of SSB intake was higher, and the prevalence of adding sugars to milk four or more times per week was higher in children that slept ≥10 h. Most children (64%) consumed full fat milk, 21% had low fat, and 19.7% chocolate milk, with a significantly larger proportion of overweight or obese children consuming full fat or chocolate milk, also adding extra sugars four or more times per week (4.1% compared to 9.6%, and 12.2% compared to 39.5%, respectively). The predictive probability of being overweight or obese exponentially increased for children consuming >0.5 SSB/day while also adding sugars to their milk frequently, although this effect remained significant only for children sleeping <10 h/day. In conclusion, to accurately address the effect of SSBs on children’s body weight, frequency of any type of sugar addition in milk should be accounted for, as well as average sleep hours that may further moderate the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuella Magriplis
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence:
| | - Aikaterini Kanellopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (A.K.); (G.A.); (D.B.P.)
| | - Venetia Notara
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (V.N.); (A.L.)
| | - George Antonogeorgos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (A.K.); (G.A.); (D.B.P.)
| | - Andrea Paola Rojas-Gil
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, 22100 Tripoli, Greece;
| | - Ekaterina N Kornilaki
- Department of Preschool Education, School of Education, University of Crete, 74100 Rethimno, Greece;
| | - Areti Lagiou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece; (V.N.); (A.L.)
| | - Antonis Zampelas
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (A.K.); (G.A.); (D.B.P.)
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
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6
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Davies T, Louie JCY, Ndanuko R, Barbieri S, Perez-Concha O, Wu JHY. A Machine Learning Approach to Predict the Added-Sugar Content of Packaged Foods. J Nutr 2022; 152:343-349. [PMID: 34550390 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary guidelines recommend limiting the intake of added sugars. However, despite the public health importance, most countries have not mandated the labeling of added-sugar content on packaged foods and beverages, making it difficult for consumers to avoid products with added sugar, and limiting the ability of policymakers to identify priority products for intervention. OBJECTIVE The aim was to develop a machine learning approach for the prediction of added-sugar content in packaged products using available nutrient, ingredient, and food category information. METHODS The added-sugar prediction algorithm was developed using k-nearest neighbors (KNN) and packaged food information from the US Label Insight dataset (n = 70,522). A synthetic dataset of Australian packaged products (n = 500) was used to assess validity and generalization. Performance metrics included the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), and Spearman rank correlation (ρ). To benchmark the KNN approach, the KNN approach was compared with an existing added-sugar prediction approach that relies on a series of manual steps. RESULTS Compared with the existing added-sugar prediction approach, the KNN approach was similarly apt at explaining variation in added-sugar content (R2 = 0.96 vs. 0.97, respectively) and ranking products from highest to lowest in added-sugar content (ρ = 0.91 vs. 0.93, respectively), while less apt at minimizing absolute deviations between predicted and true values (MAE = 1.68 g vs. 1.26 g per 100 g or 100 mL, respectively). CONCLUSIONS KNN can be used to predict added-sugar content in packaged products with a high degree of validity. Being automated, KNN can easily be applied to large datasets. Such predicted added-sugar levels can be used to monitor the food supply and inform interventions aimed at reducing added-sugar intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tazman Davies
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jimmy Chun Yu Louie
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Rhoda Ndanuko
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sebastiano Barbieri
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Oscar Perez-Concha
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jason H Y Wu
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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7
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He D, Yan L, Zhang J, Li F, Wu Y, Su L, Chen P, Wu M, Choi J, Tong H. Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide attenuates high-sugar-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells and Drosophila melanogaster larvae. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5590-5599. [PMID: 34646529 PMCID: PMC8498055 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid accumulation is a major factor in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Currently, there is a lack of intervention or therapeutic drugs against NAFLD. In this study, we investigated the ability of Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide (SFPS) to reduce lipid accumulation induced by high sugar in HepG2 cells and Drosophila melanogaster larvae. The results indicated that SFPS significantly (p < .01) decreased the accumulation of lipid droplets in high sugar-induced HepG2 cells. Furthermore, SFPS also suppressed the expression of Srebp and Fas (genes involved in lipogenesis) and increased the expression of PPARɑ and Cpt1 (genes that participated in fatty acid β-oxidation) in these cells. SFPS markedly reduced the content of triglyceride of the third instar larvae developed from D. melanogaster eggs reared on the high-sucrose diet. The expression of the Srebp and Fas genes in the larvae was also inhibited whereas the expression of two genes involved in the β-oxidation of fatty acids, Acox57D-d and Fabp, was increased in the larval fat body (a functional homolog of the human liver). We also found that SFPS ameliorated developmental abnormalities induced by the high-sucrose diet. These results of this study suggest that SFPS could potentially be used as a therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan He
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
- Department of Biotechnology and BioengineeringChonnam National UniversityGwangjuSouth Korea
| | - Liping Yan
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Fang Li
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Yu Wu
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Laijin Su
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Peichao Chen
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Mingjiang Wu
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Jong‐il Choi
- Department of Biotechnology and BioengineeringChonnam National UniversityGwangjuSouth Korea
| | - Haibin Tong
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
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8
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Flieh SM, Miguel-Berges ML, González-Gil EM, Gottrand F, Censi L, Widhalm K, Manios Y, Kafatos A, Molnár D, Dallongeville J, Stehle P, Gonzalez-Gross M, Marcos A, De Henauw S, Molina-Hidalgo C, Huybrechts I, Moreno LA. The Association between Portion Sizes from High-Energy-Dense Foods and Body Composition in European Adolescents: The HELENA Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:954. [PMID: 33809476 PMCID: PMC7998698 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity prevalence has been simultaneously increasing with high consumption of large food portion sizes (PS). However, there is scarce information on PS of energy-dense (ED) foods as a potential risk factor of obesity in adolescents. In the present study, we investigate the association between the PS of the most ED foods and body composition. A sample of 1889 adolescents (54.4% females) from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence cross-sectional multicenter study (HELENA-CSS) study were included. Most ED foods (e.g., cheese) were selected according to higher fat and/or sugar content and low fiber and water. Linear and ordinal logistic regression models were adjusted for age, physical activity, total energy intake (TEI), and socioeconomic status (SES). Analysis was performed both in those adolescents reporting plausible energy intake according to the approach of Goldberg et al. and in the whole sample. In male plausible reporters, PS from "breakfast cereals" showed a significant and positive association with BMI (β = 0.012; 0.048). PS from "carbonated soft drinks" in males (OR = 1.001; 95% CI 1.000; 1.002) and "bread and rolls" in females (OR = 1.002; 95% CI 1.000; 1.004) were associated with higher probability of having obesity, while "sweet bakery products" were associated with lower probability of having obesity (OR = 0.996; 95% CI 0.991; 0.999) in females. The present study suggests association between PS of ED foods and obesity in European adolescents. Prospective studies are needed to examine the effect of prolonged exposure to large PS and obesity development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondos M. Flieh
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.M.F.); (M.L.M.-B.); (L.A.M.)
| | - María L. Miguel-Berges
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.M.F.); (M.L.M.-B.); (L.A.M.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Esther M. González-Gil
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.M.F.); (M.L.M.-B.); (L.A.M.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- CHU Lille, University Lille, INSERM U1286 Infinite, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Laura Censi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Roma, Italy;
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Austrian Academic Institute for Clinical Nutrition, A-3100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece;
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anthony Kafatos
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, GR-71003 Crete, Greece;
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Jean Dallongeville
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Peter Stehle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Marcela Gonzalez-Gross
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- Inmunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Cristina Molina-Hidalgo
- EFFECTS 262 Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada,18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon, France;
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.M.F.); (M.L.M.-B.); (L.A.M.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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9
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Free Sugars Intake among Chinese Adolescents and Its Association with Dental Caries: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030765. [PMID: 33652968 PMCID: PMC7996778 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to estimate the free sugars intake, identify the primary food sources of free sugars, and explore the relationship between free sugars intake and dental caries among Chinese adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 1517 middle-school students aged 12–14 years in Changsha city, China. Adolescents completed a 12-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and oral health assessment. The students’ dental caries experience was available as DMFT score (number of decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth). Statistical analyses included the Mann–Whitney test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression model. The average intake of free sugars was 53.1 g/d in adolescents, and 43.2% of the students consumed more than 50 g of free sugars daily. The primary contributor to free sugars was sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Age, boarders, and high family income were risk factors for excessive free sugars intake (p < 0.05), and increased free sugars intake was a risk factor for dental caries (odds ratio, OR = 1.446, 95% confidence interval: 1.138–1.839). Both the free sugars intake and dental caries prevalence in Chinese adolescents were high. Targeted interventions are urgently needed to address the excessive consumption of free sugars and improve Chinese adolescents’ oral health.
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