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Qi Y, Zhang B, Yang H. Associations between body mass index and all-cause and CVD mortality in agriculture, forestry, and fishing occupations: A prospective cohort study using NHANES data (1999-2014). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305922. [PMID: 38976691 PMCID: PMC11230546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity, as indicated by elevated Body Mass Index (BMI), is a well-established global health concern associated with increased morbidity and mortality across diverse populations. However, the influence of BMI on individuals in Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing (AFF) occupations, characterized by unique challenges and environmental factors, has received limited research attention. METHODS Our study, a prospective cohort analysis, utilized National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999-2014, targeting adults above 18 in AFF occupations with comprehensive BMI data, omitting individuals with a history of cancer. Mortality outcomes were extracted from the NHANES mortality file, and BMI was segmented into eight categories. Essential covariates such as age, sex, race, and various health factors were incorporated. The statistical analysis encompassed Cox regression, generalized additive models, smooth curve fitting, and stratified analyses. RESULTS During 1,005 person-years with 201 all-cause and 57 CVD deaths, we observed L-shaped and U-shaped correlations of BMI with all-cause and CVD mortality, featuring a pivotal inflection at 26.69 and 27.40 kg/m2. Above this BMI threshold of 26.69 and 27.4 kg/m2, all-cause mortality association was not significant while CVD mortality was positive. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights a unique BMI-mortality association in AFF occupations, diverging from standard patterns. The rigorous labor and environmental conditions in AFF jobs suggest that a certain range of higher BMI could reduce mortality risk. This highlights the necessity for tailored health guidelines in different occupations. Future research should concentrate on diverse health indicators and enhanced risk assessment for physically strenuous occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmeng Qi
- International Medical Department, Xidan Campus, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Management and Environmental Microorganism Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Han Yang
- International Medical Department, Xidan Campus, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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2
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Zeng X, Wang H, Deng Y, Deng Z, Bi W, Fu H. Causal relationship between obesity and anorectal abscess: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1437849. [PMID: 38975051 PMCID: PMC11225408 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1437849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies have indicated that obesity is a risk factor for anorectal abscess (ARB). However, it remains unclear whether a causal genetic relationship exists between obesity and ARB. Methods Univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MR) were conducted using data from a large, published genome-wide association study (GWAS) of European ancestry to infer a causal relationship between obesity and ARB. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) analysis served as the primary analysis method, with results reported as odds ratios (OR). Results MR analysis revealed that body mass index (BMI) positively affects ARB (OR 1.974, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.548-2.519, p = 4.34 × 10-8). The weighted median method (OR = 1.879, 95% CI 1.248-2.829, p = 0.002) and Bayesian model averaging (BMA) (OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.477-2.392, p = 2.85 × 10-7) also demonstrated consistent results. Subsequently, the impact of several obesity-related characteristics on ARB was assessed. Body fat percentage (BF), whole body fat mass (FM), waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were found to be causally associated with an increased risk of ARB. However, these associations vanished after adjusting for BMI effects. Conclusion The study confirms a positive causal effect of obesity on ARB, highlighting that reasonable weight control is an important strategy to reduce the incidence of ARB.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoYu Zeng
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - HanYu Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Deng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - ZhiYu Deng
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Bi
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Fu
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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3
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Ren X, Huang Y, Ying L, Wang J. Risk factors of venous thromboembolism for liver tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. HPB (Oxford) 2024; 26:1-7. [PMID: 37743139 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant complication in liver tumors patients, and understanding the associated risk factors is essential for effective risk assessment, prevention, and management strategies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify key risk factors and their clinical implications for VTE in liver tumors patients. METHODS A comprehensive search of multiple databases was conducted to identify relevant studies. Eligible studies were selected, and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and synthesized for meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 11 studies involving 73,652 liver tumors patients and 2049 VTE cases were included. The analysis identified several significant risk factors for VTE in liver tumors patients. Age (≥65 years), male gender, high BMI, diabetes, hepatitis B and C infections, elevated D-dimer and AST levels, reduced albumin levels, and MELD score were all associated with increased VTE risk. CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed several key risk factors for VTE in liver tumors patients, these findings highlight the importance of risk assessment, prevention, and management strategies in this high-risk population. Further research with larger sample sizes and standardized methods is needed to strengthen the existing evidence and validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ren
- Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China.
| | - Yuan Huang
- Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - LiPing Ying
- Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - JinBo Wang
- Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China
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4
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Beydoun HA, Ng TKS, Beydoun MA, Shadyab AH, Jung SY, Costanian C, Saquib N, Ikramuddin FS, Pan K, Zonderman AB, Manson JE. Biomarkers of glucose homeostasis as mediators of the relationship of body mass index and waist circumference with COVID-19 outcomes among postmenopausal women: The Women's Health Initiative. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1690-1700. [PMID: 37523800 PMCID: PMC10529929 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Systematic reviews, meta-analyses and Mendelian randomization studies suggest that cardiometabolic diseases may be associated with COVID-19 risk and prognosis, with evidence implicating insulin resistance (IR) as a common biological mechanism. As driving factors for IR, we examined body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) among postmenopausal women in association with COVID-19 outcomes (positivity and hospitalization), and the role of glucose homeostasis as a mediator of this relationship. METHODS Associations of BMI and WC at baseline (1993-1998) with COVID-19 outcomes collected at Survey 1 (June-December, 2020) and/or Survey 2 (September-December, 2021) were evaluated among 42,770 Women's Health Initiative (WHI) participants (baseline age: 59.36 years) of whom 16,526 self-reported having taken ≥1 COVID-19 test, with 1242 reporting ≥1 positive COVID-19 test and 362 reporting ≥1 COVID-19 hospitalization. We applied logistic regression and causal mediation analyses to sub-samples with available fasting biomarkers of glucose homeostasis (glucose, insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, Homeostasis Model Assessment for β-cell function, Quantitative Insulin-sensitivity Check Index, Triglyceride-Glucose index (TyG)) at baseline, whereby 57 of 759 reported COVID-19 test positivity and 23 of 1896 reported COVID-19 hospitalization. RESULTS In fully adjusted models, higher BMI, WC and TyG were associated with COVID-19 test positivity and hospitalization. Glucose concentrations mediated associations of BMI and WC with COVID-19 positivity, whereas TyG mediated BMI and WC's associations with COVID-19 hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS Obesity and central obesity markers collected an average of 24 years prior were associated with COVID-19 outcomes among postmenopausal women. Glucose concentration and TyG partly mediated these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind A Beydoun
- Department of Research Programs, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, USA.
| | - Ted K S Ng
- Department of Internal Medicine & Rush Institute of Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - May A Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Su Yon Jung
- Translational Sciences Section, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christy Costanian
- Center for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, ON, USA
| | - Nazmus Saquib
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Al Bukairiyah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Farha S Ikramuddin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kathy Pan
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Rust P, Ekmekcioglu C. The Role of Diet and Specific Nutrients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Have We Learned over the Last Three Years? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5400. [PMID: 37048015 PMCID: PMC10093865 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients and diets have an important impact on our immune system and infection risk and a huge number of papers have been published dealing with various aspects of nutrition in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection risk or COVID-19 severity. This narrative review aims to give an update on this association and tries to summarize some of the most important findings after three years of pandemic. The analysis of major studies and systematic reviews leads to the conclusion that a healthy plant-based diet reduces the risks for SARS-CoV-2 infection and especially COVID-19 severity. Regarding micronutrients, vitamin D is to the fore, but also zinc, vitamin C and, to some extent, selenium may play a role in COVID-19. Furthermore, omega-3-fatty acids with their anti-inflammatory effects also deserve attention. Therefore, a major aim of societal nutritional efforts in future should be to foster a high quality plant-based diet, which not only exerts beneficial effects on the immune system but also reduces the risk for non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes or obesity which are also primary risk factors for worse COVID-19 outcomes. Another aim should be to focus on a good supply of critical immune-effective nutrients, such as vitamin D and zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Rust
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cem Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Erdem MG, Unlu O, Demirci M. A Longitudinal Study in Turkiye of Host Ability to Produce Antibodies following a Third Homologous BNT162b2 Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040716. [PMID: 37112628 PMCID: PMC10147003 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifaceted, complex condition that has negative impacts on one's health. There are conflicting reports regarding the COVID-19 vaccine's ability to induce antibody formation in obese people. Our study aimed to determine anti-S-RBD IgG and surrogate neutralizing antibody (snAb) levels before and after the third Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccination (at 15, 60, 90, and 120 days) in normal-weight adults, overweight, and obese individuals without any comorbidity or previous SARS-CoV-2 infection history, but it did not evaluate the response to the first two doses. In this longitudinal prospective study in Istanbul, Turkey, a total of 323 consecutive adult individuals (141 normal weight, 108 overweight, and 74 patients with obesity) were included. Peripheral blood samples were collected. Anti-S-RBD IgG and surrogate neutralizing antibody levels were detected using the ELISA method. After the third dose of BNT162b2 vaccination, obese patients had significantly lower levels of snAb against SARS-CoV-2 compared with normal-weight controls, but the levels otherwise did not differ between the study groups. Across all individuals in our cohort, titers peaked about a month after this third vaccination and then gradually faded. Anti-S-RBD IgG and snAb IH% levels against SARS-CoV-2 were not correlated with IL-6 and TNF-α levels. In conclusion, anti-S-RBD IgG titers and snAb IH% levels against SARS-CoV-2 were determined longitudinally for 120 days after the third homologous BNT162b2 vaccination. Although there were no significant differences in anti-S-RBD IgG, we found significant differences in the snAb IH% levels against SARS-CoV-2 between obese and healthy control subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Genco Erdem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Beykent University, Istanbul 34398, Turkey
| | - Ozge Unlu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Atlas University, Istanbul 34403, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Demirci
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kirklareli University, Kirklareli 39100, Turkey
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7
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Zhou L, Li H, Zhang S, Yang H, Ma Y, Wang Y. Impact of ultra-processed food intake on the risk of COVID-19: a prospective cohort study. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:275-287. [PMID: 35972529 PMCID: PMC9379888 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02982-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nutrition plays a key role in supporting the human immune system and reducing the risk of infections. However, there is limited evidence exploring the relationship between diet and the risk of COVID-19. This study aimed to assess the associations between consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and COVID-19 risk. METHODS In total, 41,012 participants from the UK Biobank study with at least 2 of up to 5 times 24-h dietary assessments were included in this study. Dietary intakes were collected using an online 24-h dietary recall questionnaire and food items were categorized according to their degree of processing by the NOVA classification. COVID-19 infection was defined as individuals tested COVID-19 positive or dead of COVID-19. Association between average UPF consumption (% daily gram intake) and COVID-19 infection was assessed by multivariable logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Compared to participants in the lowest quartile of UPF proportion (% daily gram intake) in the diet, participants in the 2nd, 3rd, and highest quartiles were associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 with the odds ratio (OR) value of 1.03 (95% CI: 0.94-1.13), 1.24 (95% CI: 1.13-1.36), and 1.22 (95% CI: 1.12-1.34), respectively (P for trend < 0.001), after adjusting for potential confounders. The results were robust in a series of sensitivity analyses. No interaction effect was identified between the UPF proportions and age groups, education level, body mass index, and comorbidity status. BMI mediated 13.2% of this association. CONCLUSION Higher consumption of UPF was associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection. Further studies are needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms in such association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhou
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Huiping Li
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Shunming Zhang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hongxi Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Ma
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yaogang Wang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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8
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Behl T, Kumar S, Singh S, Bhatia S, Albarrati A, Albratty M, Meraya AM, Najmi A, Bungau S. Reviving the mutual impact of SARS-COV-2 and obesity on patients: From morbidity to mortality. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113178. [PMID: 35644117 PMCID: PMC9127128 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related metabolic dysfunction, endothelium imbalance, chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and its comorbidities may all have a role in systemic inflammation, leading to the pulmonary fibrosis and cytokine storm, which leads to failure of lung function, which is a hallmark of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Obesity may also disrupt the function of mucociliary escalators and cooperation of epithelial cell's motile cilia in the airway, limiting the clearance of the coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). Adipose tissues in obese patients have a greater number of proteases and receptors for SARS-CoV-2 admittance, proposing that they could serve as an accelerator and reservoir for this virus, boosting immunological response and systemic inflammation. Lastly, anti-inflammatory cytokines such as anti-IL-6 and the infusion of mesenchymal stem cells could be used as a modulation therapy of immunity to help COVID-19 patients. Obesity, on the other hand, is linked to the progress of COVID-19 through a variety of molecular pathways, and obese people are part of the SARS-CoV-2 susceptible individuals, necessitating more protective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India,Corresponding author
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman,School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ali Albarrati
- Rehabilitation Health Sciences College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M. Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania,Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania,Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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9
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Brunelli DT, Boldrini VO, Bonfante ILP, Duft RG, Mateus K, Costa L, Chacon-Mikahil MPT, Teixeira AM, Farias AS, Cavaglieri CR. Obesity Increases Gene Expression of Markers Associated With Immunosenescence in Obese Middle-Aged Individuals. Front Immunol 2022; 12:806400. [PMID: 35069589 PMCID: PMC8766659 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.806400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, it has been argued that obesity leads to a chronic pro-inflammatory state that can accelerate immunosenescence, predisposing to the early acquisition of an immune risk profile and health problems related to immunity in adulthood. In this sense, the present study aimed to verify, in circulating leukocytes, the gene expression of markers related to early immunosenescence associated with obesity and its possible relationships with the physical fitness in obese adults with type 2 diabetes or without associated comorbidities. The sample consisted of middle-aged obese individuals (body mass index (BMI) between 30-35 kg/m²) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (OBD; n = 17) or without associated comorbidity (OB; n = 18), and a control group of eutrophic healthy individuals (BMI: 20 - 25 kg/m²) of same ages (E; n = 18). All groups (OBD, OB and E) performed the functional analyses [muscle strength (1RM) and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max)], anthropometry, body composition (Air Displacement Plethysmograph), blood collections for biochemical (anti-CMV) and molecular (gene expression of leptin, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, PD-1, P16ink4a, CCR7, CD28 and CD27) analyses of markers related to immunosenescence. Increased gene expression of leptin, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, PD-1, P16ink4a, CCR7 and CD27 was found for the OBD and OB groups compared to the E group. Moreover, VO2max for the OBD and OB groups was significantly lower compared to E. In conclusion, obesity, regardless of associated disease, induces increased gene expression of markers associated with inflammation and immunosenescence in circulating leukocytes in obese middle-aged individuals compared to a eutrophic group of the same age. Additionally, increased adipose tissue and markers of chronic inflammation and immunosenescence were associated to impairments in the cardiorespiratory capacity of obese middle-aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego T Brunelli
- Exercise Physiology Lab (FISEX) - Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vinicius O Boldrini
- Autoimmune Research Lab, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ivan L P Bonfante
- Exercise Physiology Lab (FISEX) - Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Renata G Duft
- Exercise Physiology Lab (FISEX) - Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Keryma Mateus
- Exercise Physiology Lab (FISEX) - Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Costa
- Exercise Physiology Lab (FISEX) - Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mara P T Chacon-Mikahil
- Exercise Physiology Lab (FISEX) - Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana M Teixeira
- Research Center for Sports Sciences and Physical Activity, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alessandro S Farias
- Autoimmune Research Lab, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Cláudia R Cavaglieri
- Exercise Physiology Lab (FISEX) - Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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10
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Yang B, Bao W, Wang J. Active disease-related compound identification based on capsule network. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:bbab462. [PMID: 35057581 PMCID: PMC8690041 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia, especially corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), can lead to serious acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ failure and even death. Thus it is an urgent task for developing high-efficiency, low-toxicity and targeted drugs according to pathogenesis of coronavirus. In this paper, a novel disease-related compound identification model-based capsule network (CapsNet) is proposed. According to pneumonia-related keywords, the prescriptions and active components related to the pharmacological mechanism of disease are collected and extracted in order to construct training set. The features of each component are extracted as the input layer of capsule network. CapsNet is trained and utilized to identify the pneumonia-related compounds in Qingre Jiedu injection. The experiment results show that CapsNet can identify disease-related compounds more accurately than SVM, RF, gcForest and forgeNet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- School of Information science and Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China 277160
| | - Wenzheng Bao
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China 221018
| | - Jinglong Wang
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China
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11
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Hu H, Mei J, Lin M, Wu X, Lin H, Chen G. The causal relationship between obesity and skin and soft tissue infections: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:996863. [PMID: 36568121 PMCID: PMC9768473 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.996863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many observational studies have shown that obesity strongly affects skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). However, whether a causal genetic relationship exists between obesity and SSTIs is unclear. METHODS A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was used to explore whether obesity is causally associated with SSTIs using a publicly released genome-wide association study (GWAS). An inverse-variance weighted (IVW) analysis was used as the primary analysis, and the results are reported as the odds ratios (ORs). Heterogeneity was tested using Cochran's Q test and the I2 statistic, and horizontal pleiotropy was tested using the MR-Egger intercept and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO). RESULTS The results of the MR analysis showed a positive effect of BMI on SSTIs (OR 1.544, 95% CI 1.399-1.704, P= 5.86 × 10-18). After adjusting for the effect of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and peripheral vascular disease (PVD), the positive effect still existed. Then, we further assessed the effect of BMI on different types of SSTIs. The results showed that BMI caused an increased risk of impetigo, cutaneous abscess, furuncle and carbuncle, cellulitis, pilonidal cyst, and other local infections of skin and subcutaneous tissues, except for acute lymphadenitis. However, the associations disappeared after adjusting for the effect of T2D and PVD, and the associations between BMI and impetigo or cellulitis disappeared. Finally, we assessed the effects of several obesity-related characteristics on SSTIs. Waist circumference, hip circumference, body fat percentage, and whole-body fat mass, excluding waist-to-hip ratio, had a causal effect on an increased risk of SSTIs. However, the associations disappeared after adjusting for the effect of BMI. CONCLUSION This study found that obesity had a positive causal effect on SSTIs. Reasonable weight control is a possible way to reduce the occurrence of SSTIs, especially in patients undergoing surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Jian Mei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB/Biopark 1), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mei Lin
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Xianwei Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Haibin Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Guoli Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
- *Correspondence: Guoli Chen,
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Minuzzi LG, Seelaender M, Silva BSDA, Cunha EDBB, Deus MDC, Vasconcellos FTF, Marqueze LFB, Gadotti AC, Baena CP, Pereira T, Krüger K, Amaral ANM, Pinho RA, Lira FS. COVID-19 Outcome Relates With Circulating BDNF, According to Patient Adiposity and Age. Front Nutr 2021; 8:784429. [PMID: 34957187 PMCID: PMC8704131 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.784429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: We evaluated adipose tissue-derived hormones, body composition, serum metabolic profile, levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and the association of these parameters with the clinical outcome in patients with COVID-19. We sought to examine whether obesity, sex, and age influence the adipose tissue endocrine response to the disease. Methods: This prospective study investigated 145 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Patients were categorized based on their body mass index (BMI), sex and age, and were also classified regarding their outcome after hospitalization as: (a) Non-ICU: patients hospitalized who did not receive intensive care; (b) ICU-survivor: patients admitted to the intensive care unit and discharged; (c) ICU-death: patients who died. Blood samples were collected by the hospital staff between the first and third day of hospitalization. Serum leptin, adiponectin and BDNF concentrations, triglycerides, total cholesterol and cholesterol fractions were performed following the manufacturer's guidelines. Results: We demonstrate that BDNF levels predict intensive care (IC) need (p < 0.01). This association was found to be stronger in patients >60y (p = 0.026). Neither leptin nor adiponectin concentration was associated with IC requirement or with patient's outcome, while the BDNF/adiponectin ratio was closely associated with worsened outcomes (p < 0.01). BDNF concentration was similar between sexes, however tended to be lower in male patients (p = 0.023). In older patients, BDNF concentration was lower than that of younger patients (p = 0.020). These age and sex-specific differences should be considered when employing these potential markers for prognosis assessment. While appetite and body composition regulating hormones secreted by the white adipose tissue are not reliable predictors of disease severity, the ratio BDNF/adiponectin was indicative of patient status. Conclusion: Thus, we propose that serum BDNF content and BDNF/adiponectin ratio may serve as tools predicting worsened prognosis in COVID-19, especially for male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciele Guerra Minuzzi
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Marília Seelaender
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, LIM26-HC, FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Spolador De Alencar Silva
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | | | - Marina De Castro Deus
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Felipe Beltrão Marqueze
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Gadotti
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Cristina Pellegrino Baena
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Telmo Pereira
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Coimbra, Portugal.,Laboratory for Applied Health Research (LabinSaúde), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andréa Novais Moreno Amaral
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Aurino Pinho
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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13
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Sabri S, Bourron O, Phan F, Nguyen LS. Interactions between diabetes and COVID-19: A narrative review. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1674-1692. [PMID: 34754370 PMCID: PMC8554367 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i10.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, whether due to pancreatic beta cells insufficiency or peripheral resistance to insulin, has been suggested as a risk factor of developing severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Indeed, diabetes has been associated with a higher risk of infections and higher risk of developing severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related pneumonia. Diabetic patients often present associated comorbidities such as obesity, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, and complications of diabetes, including chronic kidney disease, vasculopathy and relative immune dysfunction, all of which make them more susceptible to infectious complications. Moreover, they often present low-grade inflammation with increased circulating interleukin levels, endothelial susceptibility to inflammation and dysfunction, and finally, hyperglycemia, which increases this risk. Additionally, corticosteroids, which count among the few medications which showed benefit on survival and mechanical ventilation requirement in COVID-19 pneumonia in large randomized controlled trials, are associated to new onsets of diabetes, and metabolic disorders in patients with previous history of diabetes. Finally, SARS-CoV-2 via the alternate effects of the renin-angiotensin system, mediated by the angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2, was also associated with insulin resistance in key tissues involved in glucose homeostasis, such as liver, skeletal muscles, and adipose tissue; and also, with impaired insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells. In this work, we reviewed all elements which may help understand how diabetes affects patients with COVID-19, how treatments affect outcomes in patients with COVID-19, how they may cause new onsets of diabetes, and finally review how SARS-CoV-2 may inherently be a risk factor of developing diabetes, through immune-mediated diabetogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Sabri
- Intensive Care Medicine, CMC Ambroise Paré, Neuilly-Sur-Seine 92200, France
| | - Olivier Bourron
- Sorbonne Université Médecine; Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Service de Diabétologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; INSERM UMRS_1138, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers; Institute of CArdiometabolisme and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris 75013, France
| | - Franck Phan
- Sorbonne Université Médecine; Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Service de Diabétologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière; INSERM UMRS_1138, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers; Institute of CArdiometabolisme and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris 75013, France
| | - Lee S Nguyen
- Research and Innovation, RICAP, CMC Ambroise Paré, Neuilly-Sur-Seine 92200, France
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14
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Álvarez-Gómez C, De La Higuera M, Rivas-García L, Diaz-Castro J, Moreno-Fernandez J, Lopez-Frias M. Has COVID-19 Changed the Lifestyle and Dietary Habits in the Spanish Population after Confinement? Foods 2021; 10:2443. [PMID: 34681491 PMCID: PMC8535706 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2020, the world has been immersed in a change in lifestyle (social, lifestyle, nutri-tion and physical activity patterns), due to the appearance of COVID-19 and the strict mobility measures which were implemented to prevent its spread. All these changes had a nutritional impact on people, modifying their dietary guidelines. This cross-sectional study was carried out to assess whether dietary habits, lifestyle, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet among the Spanish adult population (25-65 years old) during confinement was modified during the post-confinement period, using an e-survey through social networks, involving 510 subjects. A decrease in the intake of ultra-processed products, with a correlation between weekly food delivery orders at home and the consumption of salty snacks, sugary drinks, and processed pastries was also recorded. Most of the subjects performed physical exercise on a regular basis, maintaining the body weight in half of the participants. During the post-confinement period a substantial proportion of the population had healthy lifestyle and dietary habits, including the adequate consumption of fruits, vegetables and legumes; adequate time was spent preparing meals and the population did not regularly order food at home, which in the long term, reduced the risk of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Álvarez-Gómez
- Nephrology Service, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Magdalena De La Higuera
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 28027 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Lorenzo Rivas-García
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.R.-G.); (M.L.-F.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - Javier Diaz-Castro
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.R.-G.); (M.L.-F.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.R.-G.); (M.L.-F.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - Magdalena Lopez-Frias
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.R.-G.); (M.L.-F.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
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Cross-National Variations in COVID-19 Mortality: The Role of Diet, Obesity and Depression. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9020036. [PMID: 34066585 PMCID: PMC8161818 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been characterized by wide variations in mortality across nations. Some of this variability may be explained by medical comorbidities such as obesity and depression, both of which are strongly correlated with dietary practices such as levels of sugar and seafood consumption. Methods: COVID-19 mortality indices for 156 countries were obtained from the Johns Hopkins University’s data aggregator. Correlations between these variables and (a) per capita consumption of sugar and seafood, and (b) country-wise prevalence of depression and obesity were examined. Results: Sugar consumption (r = 0.51, p < 0.001) and prevalence of obesity (r = 0.66, p < 0.001) and depression (r = 0.56, p < 0.001) were positively correlated with crude mortality rates, while seafood consumption was negatively correlated with the infection fatality rate (r = −0.28, p = 0.015). These effects were significant even after correcting for potential confounders. The associations with depression and obesity remained significant upon multivariate regression. Conclusions: Both obesity and depression, which are associated with inflammatory dysregulation, may be related to cross-national variations in COVID-19 mortality, while seafood consumption may be protective. These findings have implications in terms of protecting vulnerable individuals during the current pandemic.
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