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Jansen E, Naymik M, Thapaliya G, Huentelman M, Beauchemin J, D'Sa V, Lewis CR, Deoni S, Carnell S. Parent-reported child appetite moderates relationships between child genetic obesity risk and parental feeding practices. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1174441. [PMID: 37324730 PMCID: PMC10266414 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1174441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Food parenting practices are associated with child weight. Such associations may reflect the effects of parents' practices on children's food intake and weight. However, longitudinal, qualitative, and behavioral genetic evidence suggests these associations could, in some cases, reflect parents' response to children's genetic risk for obesity, an instance of gene-environment correlation. We tested for gene-environment correlations across multiple domains of food parenting practices and explored the role of parent-reported child appetite in these relationships. Materials and methods Data on relevant variables were available for N = 197 parent-child dyads (7.54 ± 2.67 years; 44.4% girls) participating in RESONANCE, an ongoing pediatric cohort study. Children's body mass index (BMI) polygenic risk score (PRS) were derived based on adult GWAS data. Parents reported on their feeding practices (Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire) and their child's eating behavior (Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire). Moderation effects of child eating behaviors on associations between child BMI PRS and parental feeding practices were examined, adjusting for relevant covariates. Results Of the 12 parental feeding practices, 2 were associated with child BMI PRS, namely, restriction for weight control (β = 0.182, p = 0.011) and teaching about nutrition (β = -0.217, p = 0.003). Moderation analyses demonstrated that when children had high genetic obesity risk and showed moderate/high (vs. low) food responsiveness, parents were more likely to restrict food intake to control weight. Conclusion Our results indicate that parents may adjust their feeding practices in response to a child's genetic propensity toward higher or lower bodyweight, and the adoption of food restriction to control weight may depend on parental perceptions of the child's appetite. Research using prospective data on child weight and appetite and food parenting from infancy is needed to further investigate how gene-environment relationships evolve through development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jansen
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marcus Naymik
- Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Gita Thapaliya
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Matt Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Jennifer Beauchemin
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Viren D'Sa
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Candace R. Lewis
- Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, United States
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Sean Deoni
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Discovery and Tools, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Susan Carnell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Carbonneau N, Carbonneau É, Dumas AA, Lavigne G, Guimond FA. Examining the associations between mothers' motivation to regulate their own eating behaviors, food parenting practices and perceptions of their child's food responsiveness. Appetite 2023; 185:106514. [PMID: 36905988 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Based on the Self-Determination Theory, this study examined: 1) how mothers' autonomous and controlled motivation to regulate their own eating behaviors relate to their food parenting practices, and 2) whether and how child food responsiveness (i.e., reactivity and attraction to food) interact with mothers' motivation to predict maternal food parenting practices. Participants were 296 French Canadian mothers of at least one child aged between 2 and 8 years old. Results of partial correlation analyses (controlling for demographics and controlled motivation) showed that maternal autonomous motivation to regulate their own eating behaviors was positively related to autonomy-promoting (i.e., child involvement) and structure-based (i.e., modeling, creating a healthy environment, monitoring) food parenting practices. In contrast, controlling for demographics and autonomous motivation, maternal controlled motivation was positively associated with food-related practices based on coercive control (i.e., the use of food to regulate the child's emotions, the use of food as a reward, pressure to eat, restriction for weight reasons, and restriction for health reasons). Furthermore, the child's food responsiveness was found to interact with mothers' motivation to regulate their own eating behaviors in the prediction of maternal food parenting practices such that mothers with high autonomous motivation or low controlled motivation were found to react with more structure-based (i.e., creating a healthy environment) and autonomy-based (i.e., child involvement) practices, as well as less controlling practices (i.e., the use of food to regulate the child's emotions), to a child who is highly responsive to food. In conclusion, findings suggest that guiding mothers toward developing a more autonomous and less controlled motivation to regulate their own eating behaviors might help them adopt more autonomy-promoting and structure-based and less controlling feeding practices, especially with children who are highly responsive to food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Carbonneau
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, G9A 5H7, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.
| | - Élise Carbonneau
- Centre de recherche, Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Université Laval, G1V 0A6, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Audrée-Anne Dumas
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, G9A 5H7, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Lavigne
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, G9A 5H7, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
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Guivarch C, Cissé AH, Charles MA, Heude B, de Lauzon-Guillain B. Parental feeding practices as potential moderating or mediating factors in the associations between children's early and later growth. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:190-196. [PMID: 36653514 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given inconsistent results in the literature, our objective was to examine the role of early parental feeding practices in children's growth. METHODS Analyses were based on 1245 children from the EDEN mother-child cohort. Parental feeding practices were assessed at the 2-year follow-up by using the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire. International Obesity Task Force BMI z-scores were derived from weight and height assessed at 2, 4, 6, and 8 years. Associations between parental feeding practices and child BMI z-scores at 4, 6 and 8 years were assessed by multivariable linear regressions, notably adjusted for 2-year BMI z-score. Analyses were stratified by child sex when relevant. Moreover, interaction and mediation analyses were respectively performed to assess whether parental feeding practices could moderate or mediate the associations between early and later growth. RESULTS For a given BMI z-score at 2 years, parental restriction for weight at 2 years was positively associated with child BMI z-scores from 4 to 8 years (at 8 years: β [95% CI] = 0.09 [0.01; 0.16]). Among boys only, high use of food as a reward was positively associated with later BMI z-scores (at 8 years: β [95% CI] = 0.15 [0.03; 0.27]). Parental feeding practices were not moderating factors in the associations between early and later growth. Parental restriction for weight was a mediating factor in the associations between 2-year BMI z-score and BMI z-scores up to 8 years (mediation: 2.69% [0.27%; 5.11%] of the total effect at 8 years). CONCLUSIONS Restriction for weight reasons, often used by parents in response to the child's high appetite in infancy, appears to lie on the pathway between early and later BMI, but not restriction for health, suggesting that parental way of restricting the child's food intake matters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marie-Aline Charles
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CRESS, Paris, France
- Unité mixte INSERM-Ined-EFS ELFE, Ined, Aubervilliers, France
| | - Barbara Heude
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CRESS, Paris, France
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Androutsos O, Charmandari E. Determinants, Screening, Prevention and Management of Obesity in Youth: New Evidence and Horizons. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163280. [PMID: 36014786 PMCID: PMC9414778 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Odysseas Androutsos
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-213-2013384
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Guivarch C, Charles MA, Forhan A, Heude B, de Lauzon-Guillain B. Associations between maternal eating behaviors and feeding practices in toddlerhood. Appetite 2022; 174:106016. [PMID: 35364113 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the associations between parents' own eating behaviors and their feeding practices. We aimed to study the associations between maternal eating behaviors and feeding practices in toddlerhood. In this cross-sectional analysis, maternal eating behaviors and feeding practices were assessed at 2-year follow-up by using the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21) and the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ), respectively, among mothers of 1322 children from the EDEN mother-child cohort. Depending on their distributions, scores from the two questionnaires were considered continuous or binary variables, according to the median. Linear or logistic regression models were used as appropriate to assess the associations between maternal eating behaviors, considered simultaneously in a combined model, and their feeding practices. Maternal cognitive restraint was positively associated with maternal restriction for health and restriction for weight. Maternal uncontrolled eating was positively associated with pressure to eat and use of food to regulate the child's emotions. Maternal uncontrolled eating was also negatively associated with restriction for weight, but only among boys. This study supports that mothers' own eating behaviors are associated with their feeding practices in toddlerhood. Further studies are needed to understand the role of parental feeding practices in the familial transmission of eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie-Aline Charles
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CRESS, Paris, France; Unité mixte Inserm-Ined-EFS ELFE, Ined, Aubervilliers, France
| | - Anne Forhan
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CRESS, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Heude
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, INRAE, CRESS, Paris, France
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