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Han J, Choi SY, Choi RY, Park KW, Kang KY, Lee MK. Anti-muscle atrophy effect of fermented Tenebrio molitor larvae extract by modulating the PI3K-Akt-mTOR/FoxO3α pathway in mice treated with dexamethasone. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117266. [PMID: 39137649 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the anti-sarcopenic effect of fermented Tenebrio molitor larvae (mealworms) extract (FME) in both dexamethasone (DEX)-treated C2C12 cells and mice. FME (100 µg/mL) increased the diameter of myotubes and inhibited the gene and protein expression of atrogin-1 compared to DEX- or non-fermented mealworms extract (ME)-treated C2C12 cells. Male C57BL/6N mice were divided into five groups: Normal Control (NC), DEX (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), and three groups of DEX+FME (100, 200, or 500 mg FME/kg/day, oral) for two weeks. FME at doses of 200 and 500 mg/kg effectively improved grip strength when compared to the DEX group. Histological analysis of the quadriceps muscle showed a larger muscle fiber size in the DEX+FME groups compared to DEX group. FME (200 and 500 mg/kg) significantly increased cross-sectional area of the muscle fiber compared to DEX group. FME (500 mg/kg) significantly decreased the ubiquitin, atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 protein levels, and increased levels of MHC and MyoG in DEX-treated mice. The puromycin labeling assay revealed that FME increased protein synthesis in DEX-induced muscle atrophy. The FME treatment demonstrated significant upregulation in phosphorylation levels, including mTOR, FoxO3α, Akt, and PI3K compared to DEX group. In conclusion, FME inhibited the increase in proteins associated with muscle atrophy, including, atrogin-1 and MuRF-1, by regulating the PI3K-Akt-FoxO3α pathway. FME improved the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway, which was reduced by DEX. This study suggests that FME has the potential for use in sarcopenia therapy, possibly serving as a natural agent that counteracts the negative effects of DEX on muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Young Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Ra-Yeong Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Wuk Park
- Suncheon Research Center for Bio Health Care, Suncheon 57962, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Yun Kang
- Suncheon Research Center for Bio Health Care, Suncheon 57962, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea.
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Que Y, Wong C, Qiu J, Gao W, Lin Y, Zhou H, Gao B, Li P, Deng Z, Shi H, Hu W, Liu S, Peng Y, Su P, Xu C, Liang A, Qiu X, Huang D. Maslinic acid alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:776-788. [PMID: 38495003 PMCID: PMC11187486 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the cause of low back pain (LBP), and recent research has suggested that inflammatory cytokines play a significant role in this process. Maslinic acid (MA), a natural compound found in olive plants ( Olea europaea), has anti-inflammatory properties, but its potential for treating IDD is unclear. The current study aims to investigate the effects of MA on TNFα-induced IDD in vitro and in other in vivo models. Our findings suggest that MA ameliorates the imbalance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and mitigates senescence by upregulating aggrecan and collagen II levels as well as downregulating MMP and ADAMTS levels in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). It can also impede the progression of IDD in rats. We further find that MA significantly affects the PI3K/AKT and NF-κB pathways in TNFα-induced NPCs determined by RNA-seq and experimental verification, while the AKT agonist Sc-79 eliminates these signaling cascades. Furthermore, molecular docking simulation shows that MA directly binds to PI3K. Dysfunction of the PI3K/AKT pathway and ECM metabolism has also been confirmed in clinical specimens of degenerated nucleus pulposus. This study demonstrates that MA may hold promise as a therapeutic agent for alleviating ECM metabolism disorders and senescence to treat IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Que
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Chipiu Wong
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Jincheng Qiu
- Panyu Hospital of Chinese MedicineDepartment of Minimally Invasive Spine SurgeryGuangzhou511408China
| | - Wenjie Gao
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Youxi Lin
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Zhihuai Deng
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Huihong Shi
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Wenjun Hu
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Peiqiang Su
- Department of Orthopedic Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Caixia Xu
- Research Centre for Translational Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Anjing Liang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Xianjian Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
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3
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Rodríguez MP, Cabello-Verrugio C. Soluble Factors Associated with Denervation-induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:189-199. [PMID: 38018212 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037189827231018092036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue has the critical function of mechanical support protecting the body. In addition, its functions are strongly influenced by the balanced synthesis and degradation processes of structural and regulatory proteins. The inhibition of protein synthesis and/or the activation of catabolism generally determines a pathological state or condition called muscle atrophy, a reduction in muscle mass that results in partial or total loss of function. It has been established that many pathophysiological conditions can cause a decrease in muscle mass. Skeletal muscle innervation involves stable and functional neural interactions with muscles via neuromuscular junctions and is essential for maintaining normal muscle structure and function. Loss of motor innervation induces rapid skeletal muscle fiber degeneration with activation of atrophy-related signaling and subsequent disassembly of sarcomeres, altering normal muscle function. After denervation, an inflammation stage is characterized by the increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines that determine muscle atrophy. In this review, we highlighted the impact of some soluble factors on the development of muscle atrophy by denervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianny Portal Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility, and Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, 8370146, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility, and Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, 8370146, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Shirai T, Myoenzono K, Kawai E, Yamauchi Y, Suzuki K, Maeda S, Takagi H, Takemasa T. Effects of maslinic acid supplementation on exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in water polo athletes: A randomized, double-blind, crossover, and placebo-controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2023; 20:2239196. [PMID: 37498159 PMCID: PMC10375926 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2023.2239196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olive fruit is rich in bioactive pentacyclic triterpenoids, primarily maslinic acid (MA). Previous studies have demonstrated that MA exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects; however, it is unclear whether MA intake during training inhibits perceptual fatigue and muscle soreness in athletes. This study analyzed the effects of MA supplementation during athletic training on perceptual fatigue and muscle soreness. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, cross-over, and placebo-controlled trial involved 12 young, healthy male water polo athletes. After daily training for seven days, they ingested either olive fruit extract, containing 60 mg/day MA, or a placebo. We measured perceptual fatigue and muscle soreness during the intervention using a visual analog scale and inflammatory and oxidative stress-related proteins. RESULTS Perceptual fatigue and muscle soreness and the area under the curve during the training period were significantly lower (main effect of MA; P < 0.05) following MA supplementation than those for the placebo. MA supplementation during training lowered perceptual fatigue and muscle soreness by decreasing inflammatory factors in water polo athletes. Additionally, we examined the detailed mechanism of MA, added the participant's serum to the culture medium at a 10% concentration to determine inflammation- and oxidative stress-related intracellular signals. Skeletal muscle cells (C2C12) cultured with MA-conditioned serum before and after intervention also suppressed expression of inflammation and oxidative stress-related proteins. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that MA intake not only reduces perceptual fatigue and muscle soreness but also decreases inflammation and oxidative stress in the blood and skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanaga Shirai
- University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanae Myoenzono
- University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Kita-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiskue Kawai
- University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- International Budo University, Faculty of Physical Education, Katsuura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamauchi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Nippn Corporation, Central Research Laboratory Innovation Center, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keito Suzuki
- Nippn Corporation, Central Research Laboratory Innovation Center, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Seiji Maeda
- University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Waseda University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Tokosozawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Takagi
- University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tohru Takemasa
- University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Yi D, Sugimoto T, Matsumura T, Yokoyama S, Fujisato T, Nakamura T, Hashimoto T. Investigating the Combined Effects of Mechanical Stress and Nutrition on Muscle Hypertrophic Signals Using Contractile 3D-Engineered Muscle (3D-EM). Nutrients 2023; 15:4083. [PMID: 37764867 PMCID: PMC10536268 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 3D-EM closely resembles in vivo muscles, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise (electrical pulse stimulation (EPS)) and nutrition (maca), which contains triterpenes, on muscle hypertrophy by using 3D-EM for the first time. The 3D-EM was composed of C2C12 cells and type 1 collagen gel, was differentiated for 14 days, and was divided into four groups: control, maca, EPS, and maca + EPS. The medium was replaced every two days before each EPS intervention, and the concentration of maca in the culture solution was 1 mg/mL. The intervention conditions of the EPS were 30 V, 1 Hz, and 2 ms (24 h on, 24 h off, for one week). The expression levels of proteins were examined by Western blotting. The intervention of maca and EPS upregulated the expression of MHC-fast/slow (both p < 0.05) compared with the control group, and the addition of maca had no effect on the phosphorylation of mTOR (p = 0.287) but increased the AMPK phosphorylation (p = 0.001). These findings suggest that intervention with maca and EPS has a positive effect on muscle hypertrophy, which has a positive impact on sarcopenia. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan; (D.Y.); (T.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Takeshi Sugimoto
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan; (D.Y.); (T.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Teppei Matsumura
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan; (D.Y.); (T.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Sho Yokoyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Osaka 535-8585, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Toshia Fujisato
- Graduate Course in Applied Chemistry, Environmental and Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Osaka 535-8585, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Tomohiro Nakamura
- Division of Human Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Osaka 535-8585, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan; (D.Y.); (T.S.); (T.M.)
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6
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Hyun J, Kang SI, Lee SW, Amarasiri RPGSK, Nagahawatta DP, Roh Y, Wang L, Ryu B, Jeon YJ. Exploring the Potential of Olive Flounder Processing By-Products as a Source of Functional Ingredients for Muscle Enhancement. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1755. [PMID: 37760060 PMCID: PMC10526038 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive flounder (OF) is a widely aqua-cultivated and recognized socioeconomic resource in Korea. However, more than 50% of by-products are generated when processing one OF, and there is no proper way to utilize them. With rising awareness and interest in eco-friendly bio-materialization recycling, this research investigates the potential of enzymatic hydrolysis of OF by-products (OFB) to produce functional ingredients. Various enzymatic hydrolysates of OFB (OFBEs) were generated using 11 commercial enzymes. Among them, Prozyme 2000P-assisted OFBE (OFBP) exhibited the highest protein content and yield, as well as low molecularization. The muscle regenerative potential of OFBEs was evaluated using C2C12 myoblasts, revealing that OFBP positively regulated myoblast differentiation. In an in vitro Dex-induced myotube atrophy model, OFBP protected against muscle atrophy and restored myotube differentiation and Dex-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, zebrafish treated with OFBEs showed improved locomotor activity and body weight, with OFBP exhibiting outstanding restoration in the Dex-induced muscle atrophy zebrafish in vivo model. In conclusion, OFBEs, particularly OFBP, produce hydrolysates with enhanced physiological usability and muscle regenerative potential. Further research on its industrial application and mechanistic insights is needed to realize its potential as a high-quality protein food ingredient derived from OF processing by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Hyun
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (J.H.)
| | - Sang-In Kang
- Seafood Research Center, Silla University, Busan 49277, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang-Woon Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (J.H.)
| | - R. P. G. S. K. Amarasiri
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (J.H.)
| | - D. P. Nagahawatta
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (J.H.)
| | - Yujin Roh
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (J.H.)
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bomi Ryu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (J.H.)
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Kojima K, Ishikawa H, Watanabe S, Nosaka N, Mutoh T. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial Assessing If Medium-Chain Triglycerides in Combination with Moderate-Intensity Exercise Increase Muscle Strength in Healthy Middle-Aged and Older Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:3275. [PMID: 37513691 PMCID: PMC10383836 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
An adequate nutritional intake is recommended for the prevention of physical frailty and sarcopenia. In particular, medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are reportedly important for muscle strength in nursing home residents. However, the effects of MCFAs on healthy adults at risk for frailty remain unknown. Hence, a randomized, placebo-controlled study was conducted to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) intake and walking on muscle mass and function in healthy, sedentary, middle-aged and older adults with a low body mass index. Three MCT intake groups with different amounts of octanoic and decanoic acid intake were compared with a control group. After 12 weeks, knee extension strength increased in all groups, with the increases in all MCT intake groups being significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). Grip strength significantly increased from baseline in the MCT 6 g/day intake group (p < 0.05). The combination of aerobic exercise and MCT intake may be effective in preventing decline in muscle strength and promoting increase in muscle strength as they can improve muscle energy production, thereby contributing to the maintenance of good health for middle-aged and older adults at high risk for frailty and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Kojima
- Central Research Laboratory, The Nisshin OilliO Group, Ltd., Yokohama 235-8558, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Haruna Ishikawa
- Central Research Laboratory, The Nisshin OilliO Group, Ltd., Yokohama 235-8558, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- Central Research Laboratory, The Nisshin OilliO Group, Ltd., Yokohama 235-8558, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naohisa Nosaka
- Central Research Laboratory, The Nisshin OilliO Group, Ltd., Yokohama 235-8558, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Mutoh
- Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan
- Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels, Akita Cerebrospinal and Cardiovascular Center, Akita-City 010-0874, Akita, Japan
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Aguilera-Garrido A, Graván P, Navarro-Marchal SA, Medina-O'Donnell M, Parra A, Gálvez-Ruiz MJ, Marchal JA, Galisteo-González F. Maslinic acid solid lipid nanoparticles as hydrophobic anticancer drug carriers: Formulation, in vitro activity and in vivo biodistribution. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114828. [PMID: 37163783 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Maslinic acid (MA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid with inherent antitumor activity which has a very low solubility in water. MA solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were prepared using Poloxamer 407 and Dicarboxylic acid-Poloxamer 407 as surfactants. Both MA SLNs are monodisperse, with sizes around 130 nm, and stable. Curcumin has been encapsulated in both types of nanoparticles without altering their colloidal properties. Moreover, SLNs greatly improve the solubility of MA and Curcumin. The cytotoxicity of MA and SLNs has been evaluated in BxPC3 human pancreatic cancer cells, MCF7 human breast cancer cells, and in a human fibroblast primary cell line. MA shows higher cytotoxic effect in BxPC3 and MCF7 cancer cells than in human primary fibroblasts. Nile Red loaded MA SLNs are quickly uptaken by BxPC3 and MCF7 cells, and show different cytoplasmic distributions depending on the cellular line. The oral or intravenous administration of MA SLNs in mice does not report any toxic effect, and the intravenous administration of fluorescent MA SLNs shows a homogeneous distribution in mice, without site-specific accumulation. Results suggest the great potential of MA SLNs as nanocarriers of anticancer drugs and as promising targeted theranostic nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixa Aguilera-Garrido
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Excellence Research Unit Modelling Nature (MNat), University of Granada, Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Pablo Graván
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Excellence Research Unit Modelling Nature (MNat), University of Granada, Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada 18016, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, Granada 18012, Spain; Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada 18016, Spain; BioFab i3D, Biofabrication and 3D (bio)printing laboratory, University of Granada, Granada 18100, Spain
| | - Saúl A Navarro-Marchal
- Excellence Research Unit Modelling Nature (MNat), University of Granada, Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada 18016, Spain; Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Marta Medina-O'Donnell
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Granada, Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Andrés Parra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Granada, Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - María José Gálvez-Ruiz
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Excellence Research Unit Modelling Nature (MNat), University of Granada, Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Excellence Research Unit Modelling Nature (MNat), University of Granada, Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada 18016, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, Granada 18012, Spain; Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada 18016, Spain; BioFab i3D, Biofabrication and 3D (bio)printing laboratory, University of Granada, Granada 18100, Spain.
| | - Francisco Galisteo-González
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Excellence Research Unit Modelling Nature (MNat), University of Granada, Fuentenueva, s/n, Granada 18071, Spain.
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9
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Wang HH, Zhang Y, Qu TQ, Sang XQ, Li YX, Ren FZ, Wen PC, Sun YN. Nobiletin Improves D-Galactose-Induced Aging Mice Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Regulating Protein Homeostasis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081801. [PMID: 37111020 PMCID: PMC10146842 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and function caused by aging, impairs mobility, raises the risk of fractures, diabetes, and other illnesses, and severely affects a senior's quality of life. Nobiletin (Nob), polymethoxyl flavonoid, has various biological effects, such as anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-tumor properties. In this investigation, we hypothesized that Nob potentially regulates protein homeostasis to prevent and treat sarcopenia. To investigate whether Nob could block skeletal muscle atrophy and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanism, we used the D-galactose-induced (D-gal-induced) C57BL/6J mice for 10 weeks to establish a skeletal muscle atrophy model. The findings demonstrated that Nob increased body weight, hindlimb muscle mass, lean mass and improved the function of skeletal muscle in D-gal-induced aging mice. Nob improved myofiber sizes and increased skeletal muscle main proteins composition in D-gal-induced aging mice. Notably, Nob activated mTOR/Akt signaling to increase protein synthesis and inhibited FOXO3a-MAFbx/MuRF1 pathway and inflammatory cytokines, thereby reducing protein degradation in D-gal-induced aging mice. In conclusion, Nob attenuated D-gal-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. It is a promising candidate for preventing and treating age-associated atrophy of skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Tai-Qi Qu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462000, China
| | - Xue-Qin Sang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fa-Zheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462000, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Wen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ya-Nan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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10
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Yamauchi Y, Kinoshita T, Fukumitsu S, Aida K, Maruyama K, Saito I, Yamamoto N. Pharmacokinetics and effect of maslinic acid with physical exercise on grip strength and trunk muscle mass in healthy Japanese individuals. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 72:270-277. [DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.23-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
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11
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Aguilera-Garrido A, Arranz E, Gálvez-Ruiz MJ, Marchal JA, Galisteo-González F, Giblin L. Solid lipid nanoparticles to improve bioaccessibility and permeability of orally administered maslinic acid. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1971-1982. [PMID: 35762633 PMCID: PMC9246121 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2086937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Maslinic acid (MA) is a plant-derived, low water-soluble compound with antitumor activity. We have formulated MA in the form of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) with three different shell compositions: Poloxamer 407 (PMA), dicarboxylic acid-Poloxamer 407 (PCMA), and HA-coated PCMA (PCMA-HA). These SLNs improved the solubility of MA up to 7.5 mg/mL, are stable in a wide range of pH, and increase the bioaccessibility of MA after in vitro gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. Gastrointestinal digested SLNs afforded MA delivery across in vitro gut barrier models (21 days old Caco-2 and mucus-producing Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultures). The cellular fraction of Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultures retained more MA from GI digested PCMA-HA than the Caco-2 monolayers. The concentration of MA reached in the basolateral chamber inhibited growth of pancreatic cancer cells, BxPC3. Finally, confocal microscopy images provided evidence that Nile Red incorporated in MA SLNs was capable of crossing Caco-2 monolayers to be taken up by basolaterally located BxPC3 cells. We have demonstrated that SLNs can be used as nanocarriers of hydrophobic antitumor compounds and that these SLNs are suitable for oral consumption and delivery of the bioactive across the gut barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixa Aguilera-Garrido
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Arranz
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - María José Gálvez-Ruiz
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada - University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,BioFab i3D - Biofabrication and 3D (Bio)Printing Laboratory, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Galisteo-González
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Linda Giblin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
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12
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Recent Advances Regarding the Molecular Mechanisms of Triterpenic Acids: A Review (Part II). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168896. [PMID: 36012159 PMCID: PMC9408012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Triterpenic acids are a widespread class of phytocompounds which have been found to possess valuable therapeutic properties such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, lipolytic, antiviral, and antiparasitic effects. They are a subclass of triterpenes bearing a characteristic lipophilic structure that imprints unfavorable in vivo properties which subsequently limit their applications. The early investigation of the mechanism of action (MOA) of a drug candidate can provide valuable information regarding the possible side effects and drug interactions that may occur after administration. The current paper aimed to summarize the most recent (last 5 years) studies regarding the MOA of betulinic acid, boswellic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, madecassic acid, moronic acid, and pomolic acid in order to provide scientists with updated and accessible material on the topic that could contribute to the development of future studies; the paper stands as the sequel of our previously published paper regarding the MOA of triterpenic acids with therapeutic value. The recent literature published on the topic has highlighted the role of triterpenic acids in several signaling pathways including PI3/AKT/mTOR, TNF-alpha/NF-kappa B, JNK-p38, HIF-α/AMPK, and Grb2/Sos/Ras/MAPK, which trigger their various biological activities.
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13
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Yi D, Yoshikawa M, Sugimoto T, Tomoo K, Okada Y, Hashimoto T. Effects of Maca on Muscle Hypertrophy in C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126825. [PMID: 35743270 PMCID: PMC9224786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With aging, sarcopenia and the associated locomotor disorders, have become serious problems. The roots of maca contain active ingredients (triterpenes) that have a preventive effect on sarcopenia. However, the effect of maca on muscle hypertrophy has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the effects and mechanism of maca on muscle hypertrophy by adding different concentrations of yellow maca (0.1 mg/mL and 0.2 mg/mL) to C2C12 skeletal muscle cell culture. Two days after differentiation, maca was added for two days of incubation. The muscle diameter, area, differentiation index, and multinucleation, were assessed by immunostaining, and the expression levels of the proteins related to muscle protein synthesis/degradation were examined by Western blotting. Compared with the control group, the muscle diameter and area of the myotubes in the maca groups were significantly increased, and the cell differentiation index and multinucleation were significantly higher in the maca groups. Phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR was elevated in the maca groups. Maca also promoted the phosphorylation of AMPK. These results suggest that maca may promote muscle hypertrophy, differentiation, and maturation, potentially via the muscle hypertrophic signaling pathways such as Akt and mTOR, while exploring other pathways are needed.
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14
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Yi X, Tao J, Qian Y, Feng F, Hu X, Xu T, Jin H, Ruan H, Zheng HF, Tong P. Morroniside ameliorates inflammatory skeletal muscle atrophy via inhibiting canonical and non-canonical NF-κB and regulating protein synthesis/degradation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1056460. [PMID: 36618945 PMCID: PMC9816435 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1056460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
No drug options exist for skeletal muscle atrophy in clinical, which poses a huge socio-economic burden, making development on drug interventions a general wellbeing need. Patients with a variety of pathologic conditions associated with skeletal muscle atrophy have systemically elevated inflammatory factors. Morroniside, derived from medicinal herb Cornus officinalis, possesses anti-inflammatory effect. However, whether and how morroniside combat muscle atrophy remain unknown. Here, we identified crucial genetic associations between TNFα/NF-κB pathway and grip strength based on population using 377,807 European participants from the United Kingdom Biobank dataset. Denervation increased TNFα in atrophying skeletal muscles, which inhibited myotube formation in vitro. Notably, morroniside treatment rescued TNFα-induced myotube atrophy in vitro and impeded skeletal muscle atrophy in vivo, resulting in increased body/muscles weights, No. of satellite cells, size of type IIA, IIX and IIB myofibers, and percentage of type IIA myofibers in denervated mice. Mechanistically, in vitro and/or in vivo studies demonstrated that morroniside could not only inhibit canonical and non-canonical NF-κB, inflammatory mediators (IL6, IL-1b, CRP, NIRP3, PTGS2, TNFα), but also down-regulate protein degradation signals (Follistatin, Myostatin, ALK4/5/7, Smad7/3), ubiquitin-proteasome molecules (FoxO3, Atrogin-1, MuRF1), autophagy-lysosomal molecules (Bnip3, LC3A, and LC3B), while promoting protein synthesis signals (IGF-1/IGF-1R/IRS-1/PI3K/Akt, and BMP14/BMPR2/ALK2/3/Smad5/9). Moreover, morroniside had no obvious liver and kidney toxicity. This human genetic, cells and mice pathological evidence indicates that morroniside is an efficacious and safe inflammatory muscle atrophy treatment and suggests its translational potential on muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjiao Yi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jianguo Tao
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueqin Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Taotao Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongting Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongfeng Ruan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Peijian Tong, ; Hou-Feng Zheng, ; Hongfeng Ruan,
| | - Hou-Feng Zheng
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Peijian Tong, ; Hou-Feng Zheng, ; Hongfeng Ruan,
| | - Peijian Tong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Peijian Tong, ; Hou-Feng Zheng, ; Hongfeng Ruan,
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