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Sato T, Okumura M, Ishikawa T, Sakuta K, Takahashi J, Tanabe M, Onda A, Komatsu T, Sakai K, Umehara T, Mitsumura H, Iguchi Y. Relationship between ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and atrial fibrillation in acute ischemic stroke. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1643-1651. [PMID: 38772071 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Some ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are said to demonstrate a dose-related risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), conversely, some ω6 PUFAs might have AF protective potential. However, few investigated the relation among ischemic strokes. Primarily, we aimed to examine a relation between ω3 and ω6 PUFAs and the presence of AF in ischemic strokes. Further, since, some PUFAs are said to affect the cardiac load, we secondarily aimed to investigate the association between ω3 and ω6 PUFAs and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the occurrence of cerebral large vessel occlusion (LVO) in ischemic strokes with AF. METHODS Consecutive patients with ischemic stroke admitted between 2012 and 2022 were retrospectively screened. Plasma levels of PUFAs, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) and arachidonic acid (AA), were assayed. Data were analyzed using a Poisson regression analysis with a robust variance estimator and a multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS We screened 2112 consecutive ischemic strokes, including 1574 (1119 [71%] males, median age 69 years). Lower DGLA (prevalence ratio (PR) 0.885, 95% CI 0.811-0.966, p = 0.006), lower AA (PR 0.797, 95% CI 0.649-0.978, p = 0.030), and higher EPA/AA ratio (PR 1.353, 95% CI 1.036-1.767, p = 0.026) were associated with AF. Checking the linearity between AF and PUFAs, negative linear trends were observed between DGLA quartiles (Q1: PR 1.901, Q2: PR 1.550, Q3: PR 1.423, Q4: 1.000, p < 0.001 for trend) and AA quartiles (Q1: PR 1.499, Q2: PR 1.204, Q3: PR 1.125, Q4: 1.000, p = 0.004 for trend), with positive linear trends between EPA/AA ratio quartiles (Q1: 1.000, Q2: PR 1.555, Q3: PR 1.612, Q4: PR 1.797, p = 0.001 for trend). Among patients with AF, a negative association between AA and BNP (unstandardized coefficient -1.316, 95% CI -2.290∼-0.342, p = 0.008) was observed, and lower AA was associated with LVO (PR 0.707, 95% CI 0.527-0.950, p = 0.021). CONCLUSION Lower DGLA and AA and a higher EPA/AA ratio might be related to the development of AF in ischemic strokes. Further, AA might have a cardio-cerebrovascular protective role in ischemic strokes with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Sato
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Motohiro Okumura
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sakuta
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichiro Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Tanabe
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Onda
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teppei Komatsu
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Sakai
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Umehara
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Mitsumura
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Iguchi
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang J, Li H, Zhong H, Chen X, Hu ZX. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids protect peritoneal mesothelial cells from hyperglycolysis and mesothelial-mesenchymal transition through the FFAR4/CaMKKβ/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111561. [PMID: 38262160 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis is a severe clinical complication associated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) and impacts its efficacy and patient outcomes. The process of mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MMT) in peritoneal mesothelial cells plays a pivotal role in fibrogenesis, whereas metabolic reprogramming, characterized by excessive glycolysis, is essential in MMT development. No reliable therapies are available despite substantial progress made in understanding the mechanisms underlying peritoneal fibrosis. Protective effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs) has been described in PD-induced peritoneal fibrosis, although the detailed mechanisms remain unknown. It is known that ω3 PUFAs bind to and activate the free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4). However, the expression and role of FFAR4 in the peritoneum have not been investigated. Thus, we hypothesized that ω3 PUFAs would alleviate peritoneal fibrosis by inhibiting hyperglycolysis and MMT through FFAR4 activation. First, we determined FFAR4 expression in peritoneal mesothelium in humans and mice. FFAR4 expression was abnormally decreased in patients on PD and mice and HMrSV5 mesothelial cells exposed to PD fluid (PDF); this change was restored by the ω3 PUFAs (EPA and DHA). ω3 PUFAs significantly inhibited peritoneal hyperglycolysis, MMT, and fibrosis in PDF-treated mice and HMrSV5 mesothelial cells; these changes induced by ω3 PUFAs were blunted by treatment with the FFAR4 antagonist AH7614 and FFAR4 siRNA. Additionally, ω3 PUFAs induced FFAR4, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ), and AMPK and suppressed mTOR, leading to the inhibition of hyperglycolysis, demonstrating that the ω3 PUFAs-mediated FFAR4 activation ameliorated peritoneal fibrosis by inhibiting hyperglycolysis and MMT via CaMKKβ/AMPK/mTOR signaling. As natural FFAR4 agonists, ω3 PUFAs may be considered for the treatment of PD-associated peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Animal Experimental Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhang-Xue Hu
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Lazzarin T, Martins D, Ballarin RS, Monte MG, Minicucci MF, Polegato BF, Zornoff L. The Role of Omega-3 in Attenuating Cardiac Remodeling and Heart Failure through the Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2067. [PMID: 38136187 PMCID: PMC10741242 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is defined as molecular, cellular, and interstitial changes that manifest clinically as alterations in the size, shape, and function of the heart. Despite the pharmacological approaches, cardiac remodeling-related mortality rates remain high. Therefore, other therapeutic options are being increasingly studied. This review highlights the role of omega-3 as an adjunctive therapy to attenuate cardiac remodeling, with an emphasis on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leonardo Zornoff
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18600-000, Brazil; (T.L.); (D.M.); (R.S.B.); (M.G.M.); (M.F.M.); (B.F.P.)
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Zeng X, Wang W, Zhang D, Li X, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Wang J, Xu D, Cheng J, Li W, Zhou B, Lin C, Yang X, Zhai R, Ma Z, Liu J, Cui P, Weng X, Wu W, Zhang X, Zheng W. Polymorphism and expression level of the FADS3 gene and associated with the growth traits in Hu sheep. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4793-4802. [PMID: 37040177 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2196313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Growth traits are the economically important traits of sheep, and screening for genes related to growth and development is helpful for the genetic improvement of ovine growth traits. The fatty acid desaturase 3 (FADS3) is one of the important genes affecting the synthesis and accumulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in animals. In this study, the expression levels of the FADS3 gene and polymorphism of the FADS3 gene associated with growth traits in Hu sheep were detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), Sanger sequencing, and KAspar assay. The result showed that the expression levels of the FADS3 gene were widely expressed in all tissues, and the expression level of FADS3 in the lung was significantly higher than in other tissues (p < .05). Then, the polymorphism locus g. 2918 A > C was detected in intron 2 of the FADS3 gene, and associated analysis showed that the mutation in the FADS3 gene was associated significantly with growth traits (including body weight, body height, body length, and chest circumference, p < .05). Therefore, individuals with AA genotype showed significantly better growth traits than those with CC genotype, and FADS3 gene could be a candidate gene for improving growth traits in Hu sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Deyin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jianghui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Dan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jiangbo Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bubo Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Changchun Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaobin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Rui Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zongwu Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Panpan Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiuxiu Weng
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenxin Zheng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Quality Standards, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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Irún P, Carrera-Lasfuentes P, Sánchez-Luengo M, Belio Ú, Domper-Arnal MJ, Higuera GA, Hawkins M, de la Rosa X, Lanas A. Pharmacokinetics and Changes in Lipid Mediator Profiling after Consumption of Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid-Mediator-Enriched Marine Oil in Healthy Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16143. [PMID: 38003333 PMCID: PMC10671020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a vital role in human health, well-being, and the management of inflammatory diseases. Insufficient intake of omega-3 is linked to disease development. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are derived from omega-3 PUFAs and expedite the resolution of inflammation. They fall into categories known as resolvins, maresins, protectins, and lipoxins. The actions of SPMs in the resolution of inflammation involve restricting neutrophil infiltration, facilitating the removal of apoptotic cells and cellular debris, promoting efferocytosis and phagocytosis, counteracting the production of pro-inflammatory molecules like chemokines and cytokines, and encouraging a pro-resolving macrophage phenotype. This is an experimental pilot study in which ten healthy subjects were enrolled and received a single dose of 6 g of an oral SPM-enriched marine oil emulsion. Peripheral blood was collected at baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h post-administration. Temporal increases in plasma and serum SPM levels were found by using LC-MS/MS lipid profiling. Additionally, we characterized the temporal increases in omega-3 levels and established fundamental pharmacokinetics in both aforementioned matrices. These findings provide substantial evidence of the time-dependent elevation of SPMs, reinforcing the notion that oral supplementation with SPM-enriched products represents a valuable source of essential bioactive SPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Irún
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (M.J.D.-A.); (A.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Centro Mixto de Investigación con Empresas (CEMINEM), Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (Ú.B.); (G.A.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Patricia Carrera-Lasfuentes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (M.J.D.-A.); (A.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Sánchez-Luengo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Service of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Úrsula Belio
- Centro Mixto de Investigación con Empresas (CEMINEM), Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (Ú.B.); (G.A.H.); (M.H.)
- SOLUTEX GC, SL., 50180 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María José Domper-Arnal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (M.J.D.-A.); (A.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Service of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gustavo A. Higuera
- Centro Mixto de Investigación con Empresas (CEMINEM), Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (Ú.B.); (G.A.H.); (M.H.)
- SOLUTEX GC, SL., 50180 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Malena Hawkins
- Centro Mixto de Investigación con Empresas (CEMINEM), Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (Ú.B.); (G.A.H.); (M.H.)
- SOLUTEX GC, SL., 50180 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Xavier de la Rosa
- Centro Mixto de Investigación con Empresas (CEMINEM), Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (Ú.B.); (G.A.H.); (M.H.)
- SOLUTEX GC, SL., 50180 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Angel Lanas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (M.J.D.-A.); (A.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Centro Mixto de Investigación con Empresas (CEMINEM), Campus Rio Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (Ú.B.); (G.A.H.); (M.H.)
- Service of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Psiquiatría y Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina, Campus Plaza San Francisco, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Baldacchino F, Spagnoletta A, Lamaj F, Vitale ML, Verrastro V. First Optimization of Tomato Pomace in Diets for Tenebrio molitor (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:854. [PMID: 37999053 PMCID: PMC10672421 DOI: 10.3390/insects14110854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Tomato pomace (TP), an agricultural industrial waste product from the tomato processing industry, is valorized as a rearing substrate for Tenebrio molitor (L.). This study evaluated bran-based diets with increasing tomato pomace (0%, 27%, 41%, and 100%). Protein sources, such as brewer's spent grain and yeast, were used in TP27 and TP41 diets to ensure equal protein contents to the control diet. Results showed no different for larval and pupal weights between diets; however, the time of development significantly increases in TP100 compared to all diets. The feed conversion rate progressively increases from 2.7 to 4.3, respectively, from the control to the TP100 diet. Conversely, lycopene and β-carotene increase in the larvae. The fatty acid composition improves by increasing polyunsaturated fatty acids (mainly α-linoleic acid). Although the best nutritional quality was obtained in T100, the TP41 is the optimal diet for balance between larval performance and qualitative improvement of larvae. Therefore, tomato pomace is suitable for the formulation of mealworm diets, even in high dosages, when supplemented with sustainable protein and carbohydrate sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Baldacchino
- Laboratory of Bioproducts and Bioprocess, ENEA—Trisaia Research Centre, S.S. Jonica 106, Km 419+500, I-75026 Rotondella, Italy
| | - Anna Spagnoletta
- Laboratory of Bioproducts and Bioprocess, ENEA—Trisaia Research Centre, S.S. Jonica 106, Km 419+500, I-75026 Rotondella, Italy
| | - Flutura Lamaj
- CIHEAM-Bari, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Via Ceglie, 9, I-70100 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Vitale
- CIHEAM-Bari, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Via Ceglie, 9, I-70100 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Verrastro
- CIHEAM-Bari, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, Via Ceglie, 9, I-70100 Valenzano, Italy
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Xu Y, Huang Y, Cheng X, Hu B, Jiang D, Wu L, Peng S, Hu J. Mechanotransductive receptor Piezo1 as a promising target in the treatment of fibrosis diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1270979. [PMID: 37900917 PMCID: PMC10602816 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1270979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis could happen in every organ, leading to organic malfunction and even organ failure, which poses a serious threat to global health. Early treatment of fibrosis has been reported to be the turning point, therefore, exploring potential correlates in the pathogenesis of fibrosis and how to reverse fibrosis has become a pressing issue. As a mechanism-sensitive cationic calcium channel, Piezo1 turns on in response to changes in the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. Piezo1 exerts multiple biological roles, including inhibition of inflammation, cytoskeletal stabilization, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stromal stiffness, and immune cell mechanotransduction, interestingly enough. These processes are closely associated with the development of fibrotic diseases. Recent studies have shown that deletion or knockdown of Piezo1 attenuates the onset of fibrosis. Therefore, in this paper we comprehensively describe the biology of this gene, focusing on its potential relevance in pulmonary fibrosis, renal fibrosis, pancreatic fibrosis, and cardiac fibrosis diseases, except for the role of drugs (agonists), increased intracellular calcium and mechanical stress using this gene in alleviating fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yiqian Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Danling Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lidong Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shengliang Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jialing Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Musale V, Wasserman DH, Kang L. Extracellular matrix remodelling in obesity and metabolic disorders. LIFE METABOLISM 2023; 2:load021. [PMID: 37383542 PMCID: PMC10299575 DOI: 10.1093/lifemeta/load021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Obesity causes extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling which can develop into serious pathology and fibrosis, having metabolic effects in insulin-sensitive tissues. The ECM components may be increased in response to overnutrition. This review will focus on specific obesity-associated molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms of ECM remodelling and the impact of specific interactions on tissue metabolism. In obesity, complex network of signalling molecules such as cytokines and growth factors have been implicated in fibrosis. Increased ECM deposition contributes to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance at least in part through activation of cell surface integrin receptors and CD44 signalling cascades. These cell surface receptors transmit signals to the cell adhesome which orchestrates an intracellular response that adapts to the extracellular environment. Matrix proteins, glycoproteins, and polysaccharides interact through ligand-specific cell surface receptors that interact with the cytosolic adhesion proteins to elicit specific actions. Cell adhesion proteins may have catalytic activity or serve as scaffolds. The vast number of cell surface receptors and the complexity of the cell adhesome have made study of their roles challenging in health and disease. Further complicating the role of ECM-cell receptor interactions is the variation between cell types. This review will focus on recent insights gained from studies of two highly conserved, ubiquitously axes and how they contribute to insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. These are the collagen-integrin receptor-IPP (ILK-PINCH-Parvin) axis and the hyaluronan-CD44 interaction. We speculate that targeting ECM components or their receptor-mediated cell signalling may provide novel insights into the treatment of obesity-associated cardiometabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Musale
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK
| | - David H. Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Li Kang
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK
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Pan Y, Wu W, Jiang X, Liu Y. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: From mechanisms to therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114817. [PMID: 37141733 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) remain an intractable problem and have high morbidity and mortality worldwide, as well as substantial health and economic burdens, representing an urgent clinical need. In recent years, the focus of research has shifted from the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for transplantation to the use of their secretory exosomes (MSC-exosomes) for the treatment of numerous CVDs, including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), aneurysm, and stroke. MSCs are pluripotent stem cells with multiple differentiation pathways that exert pleiotropic effects by producing soluble factors, the most effective components of which are exosomes. MSC-exosomes are considered to be an excellent and promising cell-free therapy for CVDs due to their higher circulating stability, improved biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, and immunogenicity. In addition, exosomes play critical roles in repairing CVDs by inhibiting apoptosis, regulating inflammation, ameliorating cardiac remodeling, and promoting angiogenesis. Herein, we describe knowledge about the biological characteristics of MSC-exosomes, investigate the mechanism by which MSC-exosomes mediate therapeutic repair, and summarize recent advances in the efficacy of MSC-exosomes in CVDs, with a view toward future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, China.
| | - Weipeng Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiaoxin Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, China
| | - Yunhong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, China
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Ye Y, Zhang J, Guo Y, Zhu J, Tang B, Fan P. PON2 ameliorates Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte injury by targeting the CANX/NOX4 signaling pathway. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e765. [PMID: 36840500 PMCID: PMC9910164 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of heart failure (HF) presents an escalating trend annually, second only to cancer. Few literatures are available regarding on the role of paraoxonase 2 (PON2) in HF so far despite the protective role of PON2 in cardiovascular diseases. METHODS PON2 expression in AC16 cells was examined with reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot following angiotensin II (Ang II) challenging. After PON2 elevation, 2, 7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay estimated reactive oxygen species content, related kits appraised oxidative stress, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay evaluated inflammatory levels, and Western blot was applied to the analysis of apoptosis levels. Research on cytoskeleton was conducted by immunofluorescence (IF), and Western blot analysis of the expressions of hypertrophy-related proteins was performed. BioGRID and GeneMania databases were used to analyze the relationship between PON2 and Calnexin (CANX), which was corroborated by co-immunoprecipitation experiment. Subsequently, PON2 and CANX were simultaneously overexpressed in AC16 cells induced by Ang II to further figure out the mechanism. RESULTS PON2 expression was depleted in Ang II-induced AC16 cells. PON2 might mediate CANX/NOX4 signaling to inhibit oxidation, inflammatory, hypertrophy, and damage in Ang II-induced AC16 cells. CONCLUSION PON2 can ease Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte injury via targeting CANX/NOX4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzheng Ye
- Department of Cardiac Function, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central AsiaThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac RemodelingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
| | - Jian Zhang
- Cardiact Care UnitThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
| | - Yankai Guo
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac RemodelingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina,Department of Cardiac Pacing and ElectrophysiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
| | - Jiajun Zhu
- Cardiact Care UnitThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
| | - Baopeng Tang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac RemodelingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina,Department of Cardiac Pacing and ElectrophysiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina
| | - Ping Fan
- Department of Cardiac Function, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central AsiaThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangChina,Department of FunctionBazhou people's HospitalKorlaXinjiangChina
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The Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Impact of Dietary Fatty Acids in Cardiovascular Protection in Older Adults May Be Related to Vitamin C Intake. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020267. [PMID: 36829826 PMCID: PMC9952336 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), or linoleic acid (LA), have a particular role in counteracting cardiovascular diseases. They may regulate antioxidant potential and inflammatory reactions. Little is known whether other fatty acids, such as saturated fatty acids (e.g., short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) such as butyric or caproic acid) or monounsaturated fatty acids, may be involved and whether the level of Vitamin C intake may affect these processes. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of fatty acid intake on plasma and salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and the salivary inflammation marker C-reactive protein (CRP). Eighty older adults (60-79 years old) were divided into two groups with high (n = 39) and low (n = 41) Vitamin C intake. In the group with high Vitamin C intake SCFA, ALA, LA positively correlated with the plasma TAC indices, and in the group with low Vitamin C intake, the salivary TAC was decreased in subjects with a higher SCFA intake. Salivary CRP negatively corresponded to SCFA, EPA, and DHA in the whole study group (p < 0.05 for all). Fatty acids and Vitamin C intake may influence antioxidant potential and salivary CRP.
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12
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Fu B, Yu Y, Cheng S, Huang H, Long T, Yang J, Gu M, Cai C, Chen X, Niu H, Hua W. Prognostic Value of Four Preimplantation Malnutrition Estimation Tools in Predicting Heart Failure Hospitalization of the Older Diabetic Patients with Right Ventricular Pacing. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:1262-1270. [PMID: 38151878 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-2042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prognostic value of preimplantation nutritional status is not yet known for older diabetic patients that received right ventricular pacing (RVP). The study aimed to investigate the clinical value of the four malnutrition screening tools for the prediction of heart failure hospitalization (HFH) in older diabetic patients that received RVP. DESIGN Retrospective observational cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This study was conducted between January 2017 and January 2018 at the Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China, and included older (age ≥ 65 years) diabetic patients that received RVP for the first time Measurements: The Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), Naples Prognostic Score (NPS), and the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score were used to estimate the preimplantation nutritional status of the patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between preimplantation malnutrition and HFH. RESULTS Overall, 231 older diabetic patients receiving RVP were included. The median follow-up period after RVP was 53 months. HFH was reported for 19.9% of the included patients. Our results showed preimplantation malnutrition for 18.2%, 15.2%, 86.6% and 66.2% of the included patients based on the PNI, GNRI, NPS, and CONUT score, respectively. The cumulative rate of HFH during follow-up period was significantly higher for patients in the preimplantation malnutrition group based on the PNI (log-rank = 13.0, P = 0.001), GNRI (log-rank = 8.5, P = 0.01), and NPS (log-rank = 15.7, P < 0.001) compared to the normal nutrition group, but was not statistically significant for those in the preimplantation malnutrition group based on the CONUT score (log-rank = 2.7, P = 0.3). As continuous variables, all the nutritional indices showed significant correlation with HFH (all P < 0.05). However, multivariate analysis showed that only GNRI was independently associated with HFH (HR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.937-0.997, P = 0.032). As categorical variables, PNI, GNRI, and NPS showed significant correlation with HFH. After adjustment of confounding factors, moderate-to-severe degree of malnutrition was an independent predictor of HFH based on the PNI (HR = 4.66, 95% CI: 1.03-21.00, P = 0.045) and GNRI (HR = 3.02, 95% CI: 1.02-9.00, P = 0.047). CONCLUSION Preimplantation malnutrition was highly prevalent in older diabetic patients that received RVP. The malnutrition prediction tools, PNI and GNRI, showed significant prognostic value in accurately predicting HFH in older diabetic patients with RVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fu
- Wei Hua, Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Bei Li Shi Rd, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China,
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13
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Potential Properties of Natural Nutraceuticals and Antioxidants in Age-Related Eye Disorders. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010077. [PMID: 36676026 PMCID: PMC9863869 DOI: 10.3390/life13010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Eye health is crucial, and the onset of diseases can reduce vision and affect the quality of life of patients. The main causes of progressive and irreversible vision loss include various pathologies, such as cataracts, ocular atrophy, corneal opacity, age-related macular degeneration, uncorrected refractive error, posterior capsular opacification, uveitis, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, undetermined disease and other disorders involving oxidative stress and inflammation. The eyes are constantly exposed to the external environment and, for this reason, must be protected from damage from the outside. Many drugs, including cortisonics and antinflammatory drugs have widely been used to counteract eye disorders. However, recent advances have been obtained via supplementation with natural antioxidants and nutraceuticals for patients. In particular, evidence has accumulated that polyphenols (mostly deriving from Citrus Bergamia) represent a reliable source of antioxidants able to counteract oxidative stress accompanying early stages of eye diseases. Luteolin in particular has been found to protect photoreceptors, thereby improving vision in many disease states. Moreover, a consistent anti-inflammatory response was found to occur when curcumin is used alone or in combination with other nutraceuticals. Additionally, Coenzyme Q10 has been demonstrated to produce a consistent effect in reducing ocular pressure, thereby leading to protection in patients undergoing glaucoma. Finally, both grape seed extract, rich in anthocyanosides, and polynsatured fatty acids seem to contribute to the prevention of retinal disorders. Thus, a combination of nutraceuticals and antioxidants may represent the right solution for a multi-action activity in eye protection, in association with current drug therapies, and this will be of potential interest in early stages of eye disorders.
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Properties of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases in the View of Patients (Silesia, Poland). NURSING REPORTS 2022; 12:980-992. [PMID: 36548167 PMCID: PMC9786799 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep12040094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Europe. Lifestyle plays an important role in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, apart from pharmacotherapy and diagnostics. Numerous studies confirm that the type and quality of fat consumed in the diet have a huge impact on the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease can be helped by minimizing the proportion of saturated fatty acids in the diet and replacing them with polyunsaturated fatty acids. These acids and, above all, their long-chain forms have a positive effect on health. AIM This study aims to assess the awareness of the properties of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in the opinions of patients of the Cardiology Department of the Racibórz Medical Center. MATERIAL AND METHODS The analysis included 302 patients (113 women and 189 men) hospitalized in the Cardiology Department. The research method was the authors' questionnaire consisting of the patients' record and thirty closed questions. To answer the research questions posed and test the hypotheses, statistical analyses were carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 25 package. RESULTS Among the respondents, the least frequently used healthy eating habit was the infrequent eating of fried foods. A total of 18.2% of respondents had such a habit. The most commonly used healthy eating habit was checking the fat content in products, which was performed by 67.2% of respondents. Among the respondents, 58.3% said that butter and margarine increase serum cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS The analysis of the data shows that the place of residence, education, sex, and reason for hospitalization of the respondents did not affect the frequency of healthy eating habits. In addition, the subjects had a low amount of healthy eating habits.
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15
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Effect of Ferric Carboxymaltose Supplementation in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Role of Attenuated Oxidative Stress and Improved Endothelial Function. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235057. [PMID: 36501086 PMCID: PMC9740330 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Both clinical and experimental evidence shows that iron deficiency (ID) correlates with an increased incidence of heart failure (HF). Moreover, data on iron supplementation demonstrating a beneficial effect in subjects with HF have mostly been collected in patients undergoing HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Relatively poor data, however, exist on the potential of iron supplementation in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Here, we report on data emerging from a multicentric, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study investigating the effect of IV supplementation with a placebo or ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) on 64 subjects with HFpEF. ID was detected by the measurement of ferritin levels. These data were correlated with cardiac performance measurements derived from a 6 min walking test (6MWT) and with echocardiographic determinations of diastolic function. Moreover, an EndoPAT analysis was performed to correlate cardiac functionality with endothelial dysfunction. Finally, the determination of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) was performed to study oxidative stress biomarkers. These measurements were carried out before and 8 weeks after starting treatment with a placebo (100 mL of saline given i.v. in 10 min; n = 32) or FCM at a dose of 500 mg IV infusion (n = 32), which was given at time 0 and repeated after 4 weeks. Our data showed that a condition of ID was more frequently associated with impaired diastolic function, worse 6MWT and endothelial dysfunction, an effect that was accompanied by elevated MDA serum levels. Treatment with FCM, compared to the placebo, improved ferritin levels being associated with an improved 6MWT, enhanced cardiac diastolic function and endothelial reactivity associated with a significant reduction in MDA levels. In conclusion, this study confirmed that ID is a frequent comorbidity in patients with HFpEF and is associated with reduced exercise capacity and oxidative stress-related endothelial dysfunction. Supplementation with FCM determines a significant improvement in diastolic function and the exercise capacity of patients with HFpEF and is associated with an enhanced endothelial function and a reduced production of oxygen radical species.
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16
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Long L, Jia Z, Tang X. Serum polyunsaturated fatty acids and hearing threshold shifts in adults in the United States: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:939827. [PMID: 36466471 PMCID: PMC9708739 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.939827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have evaluated the association between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and hearing levels. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum PUFAs and hearing threshold shifts in US adults. Methods We investigated 913 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012. Multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate associations between PUFA and hearing threshold shifts. Results Overall, 11 serum PUFAs were inversely associated with low-frequency thresholds, especially in men, and were positively related to high-frequency thresholds, particularly in the 40-59 years old cohort. Furthermore, some serum PUFAs were positively associated with both hearing threshold subgroups in women. Conclusion Some PUFAs tend to be beneficial for low-frequency hearing status and detrimental to the high-frequency hearing threshold. The male sex may play a protective role in this association, while the female sex and middle age may be detrimental in the effect of PUFAs on hearing function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Long
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sichuan University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenchao Jia
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Sichuan University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Zhenchao Jia
| | - Xinghua Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China,Xinghua Tang
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Yan F, Zhu H, He Y, Wu Q, Duan X. Combination of tolvaptan and valsartan improves cardiac and renal functions in doxorubicin-induced heart failure in mice. Eur J Histochem 2022; 66. [DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2022.3563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is often complicated by renal dysfunction. Tolvaptan and valsartan are two well-known agents for the treatment of HF. However, the role of tolvaptan/valsartan combination on HF with renal dysfunction remains unclear. To establish a mice model with HF with renal dysfunction, mice were intraperitoneally injected with doxorubicin (Dox). Echocardiogram was applied to assess the left ventricular function. Additionally, serum aldosterone (ALD) and angiotensin II (Ang II) level in mice were determined by ELISA. Meanwhile, western blot assay was used to evaluate the expressions of B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X (Bax) and cleaved caspase 3 in the heart and kidney tissues of mice. In this study, we found that compared to tolvaptan or valsartan alone treatment group, tolvaptan/valsartan combination obviously improved the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), and reduced serum ALD and Ang II level in Dox-treated mice. Additionally, tolvaptan/valsartan combination significantly prevented the inflammation and fibrosis of heart and kidney tissues in Dox-treated mice. Meanwhile, tolvaptan/valsartan combination notably inhibited the myocardial and renal cell apoptosis in Dox-treated mice via upregulation of Bcl-2 and downregulation of Bax and cleaved caspase 3, compared to the single drug treatment. Collectively, tolvaptan/valsartan combination could improve cardiac and renal functions, as well as prevent the fibrosis, inflammation and apoptosis of heart and kidney tissues in Dox-treated mice. Taken together, combining tolvaptan with valsartan might be a promising approach to achieve enhanced therapeutic effect for treatment of HF with renal dysfunction.
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Kalyuzhin VV, Teplyakov AT, Bespalova ID, Kalyuzhina EV, Terentyeva NN, Grakova EV, Kopeva KV, Usov VY, Garganeeva NP, Pavlenko OA, Gorelova YV, Teteneva AV. Promising directions in the treatment of chronic heart failure: improving old or developing new ones? BULLETIN OF SIBERIAN MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2022-3-181-197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented advances of recent decades in clinical pharmacology, cardiac surgery, arrhythmology, and cardiac pacing have significantly improved the prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). However, unfortunately, heart failure continues to be associated with high mortality. The solution to this problem consists in simultaneous comprehensive use in clinical practice of all relevant capabilities of continuously improving methods of heart failure treatment proven to be effective in randomized controlled trials (especially when confirmed by the results of studies in real clinical practice), on the one hand, and in development and implementation of innovative approaches to CHF treatment, on the other hand. This is especially relevant for CHF patients with mildly reduced and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, as poor evidence base for the possibility of improving the prognosis in such patients cannot justify inaction and leaving them without hope of a clinical improvement in their condition. The lecture consistently covers the general principles of CHF treatment and a set of measures aimed at inotropic stimulation and unloading (neurohormonal, volumetric, hemodynamic, and immune) of the heart and outlines some promising areas of disease-modifying therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. T. Teplyakov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center (NRMC), Russian Academy of Sciences
| | | | | | | | - E. V. Grakova
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center (NRMC), Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - K. V. Kopeva
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center (NRMC), Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - V. Yu. Usov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center (NRMC), Russian Academy of Sciences
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. Clinical significance of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Front Nutr 2022; 9:998291. [PMID: 36276836 PMCID: PMC9582942 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.998291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most important problems of modern medicine. They are associated with a large number of health care visits, hospitalizations and mortality. Prevention of atherosclerosis is one of the most effective strategies and should start as early as possible. Correction of lipid metabolism disorders is associated with definite clinical successes, both in primary prevention and in the prevention of complications of many cardiovascular diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests a multifaceted role for polyunsaturated fatty acids. They demonstrate a variety of functions in inflammation, both participating directly in a number of cellular processes and acting as a precursor for subsequent biosynthesis of lipid mediators. Extensive clinical data also support the importance of polyunsaturated fatty acids, but all questions have not been answered to date, indicating the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacy Management and Economics, Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
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20
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Chen G, Xu H, Xu T, Ding W, Zhang G, Hua Y, Wu Y, Han X, Xie L, Liu B, Zhou Y. Calycosin reduces myocardial fibrosis and improves cardiac function in post-myocardial infarction mice by suppressing TGFBR1 signaling pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154277. [PMID: 35752078 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive myocardial fibrosis is the pathological basis of heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI). Although calycosin improves cardiac function, its effect on cardiac fibrosis and cardiac function after MI in mice and its precise mechanism remain unclear. PURPOSE Here, we firstly investigated the effects of calycosin on cardiac fibrosis and ventricular function in mice after MI and the role of transforming growth factor-beta receptor 1 (TGFBR1) signaling in the amelioration of cardiac fibrosis and ventricular function. METHODS In vivo effects of calycosin on cardiac structure and function in mice with MI induced by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation were determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson trichrome staining, and echocardiography. The molecular mechanism of the interaction between TGFBR1 and calycosin was investigated using molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi), immunohistochemistry, and western blotting (WB). Subsequently, cardiac-specific Tgfbr1 knockout mice were used to verify the effects of calycosin. The effect of calycosin on primary cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) proliferation and collagen deposition was detected using cell counting (CCK-8), EdU assay, and WB in vitro. CFs infected with an adenovirus that encodes TGFBR1 were used to verify the effects of calycosin. RESULTS In vivo, calycosin attenuated myocardial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction following MI in a dose-dependent pattern. Calycosin-TGFBR1 complex was found to have a binding energy of -9.04 kcal/mol based on molecular docking. In addition, calycosin bound steadily in the cavity of TGFBR1 during the MD simulation. Based on SPRi results, the solution equilibrium dissociation constant for calycosin and TGFBR1 was 5.11 × 10-5 M. Calycosin inhibited the expression of TGFBR1, Smad2/3, collagen I, and collagen III. The deletion of TGFBR1 partially counteracted these effects. In vitro, calycosin suppressed CFs proliferation and collagen deposition after TGF-β1 stimulation by suppressing the TGFBR1 signaling pathway. The suppressive effects of calycosin were partially rescued by overexpression of TGFBR1. CONCLUSION Calycosin attenuates myocardial fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction following MI in mice in vivo via suppressing the TGFBR1 signaling pathway. Calycosin suppresses CFs proliferation and collagen deposition induced by TGF-β1 via inhibition of the TGFBR1 signaling pathway in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Honglin Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenjun Ding
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Guoyong Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yue Hua
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xin Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lingpeng Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China.
| | - Yingchun Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital (ZengCheng Branch), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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21
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Gorica E, Mohammed SA, Ambrosini S, Calderone V, Costantino S, Paneni F. Epi-Drugs in Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:923014. [PMID: 35911511 PMCID: PMC9326055 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.923014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unveiling the secrets of genome’s flexibility does not only foster new research in the field, but also gives rise to the exploration and development of novel epigenetic-based therapies as an approach to alleviate disease phenotypes. A better understanding of chromatin biology (DNA/histone complexes) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has enabled the development of epigenetic drugs able to modulate transcriptional programs implicated in cardiovascular diseases. This particularly applies to heart failure, where epigenetic networks have shown to underpin several pathological features, such as left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and microvascular dysfunction. Targeting epigenetic signals might represent a promising approach, especially in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), where prognosis remains poor and breakthrough therapies have yet to be approved. In this setting, epigenetics can be employed for the development of customized therapeutic approaches thus paving the way for personalized medicine. Even though the beneficial effects of epi-drugs are gaining attention, the number of epigenetic compounds used in the clinical practice remains low suggesting that more selective epi-drugs are needed. From DNA-methylation changes to non-coding RNAs, we can establish brand-new regulations for drug targets with the aim of restoring healthy epigenomes and transcriptional programs in the failing heart. In the present review, we bring the timeline of epi-drug discovery and development, thus highlighting the emerging role of epigenetic therapies in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Era Gorica
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Shafeeq A Mohammed
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Samuele Ambrosini
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Liao J, Xiong Q, Yin Y, Ling Z, Chen S. The Effects of Fish Oil on Cardiovascular Diseases: Systematical Evaluation and Recent Advance. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:802306. [PMID: 35071366 PMCID: PMC8767101 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.802306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, i.e., eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both of which are widely distributed in the body such as heart and brain. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that unsaturated fatty acids may have effects of anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, protecting vascular endothelial cells, thrombosis inhibition, modifying autonomic nerve function, improving left ventricular remodeling, and regulating blood lipid. Given the relevance to public health, there has been increasing interest in the research of potential cardioprotective effects of fish oil. Accumulated evidence showed that fish oil supplementation may reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, and, in specific, it may have potential benefits in improving the prognosis of patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease, cardiac arrhythmias, or heart failure; however, some studies yielded inconsistent results. In this article, we performed an updated systematical review in order to provide a contemporary understanding with regard to the effects of fish oil on cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CQMU), Chongqing, China
| | - Qingsong Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CQMU), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuehui Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CQMU), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyu Ling
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CQMU), Chongqing, China
| | - Shaojie Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CQMU), Chongqing, China.,Cardioangiologisches Centrum Bethanien (CCB)/Kardiologie, Medizinische Klinik III, Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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