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Puljiz Z, Kumric M, Borovina Marasovic T, Mastelic T, Rakusic M, Pavela G, Beg A, Glavina T, Mornar M, Supe Domic D, Vilovic M, Zucko J, Ticinovic Kurir T, Bozic J. Mediterranean Diet Adherence, Physical Activity, and Advanced Glycation End Products in Complex PTSD: A Comprehensive Examination of Lifestyle and Cardiovascular Risk in War Veterans. Nutrients 2024; 16:1791. [PMID: 38892723 PMCID: PMC11174454 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
As accumulated evidence suggests that individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) encounter earlier and more frequent occurrences of cardiovascular diseases, the aim of this study was to ascertain the differences in lifestyle and cardiovascular risk between PTSD and complex PTSD patients. We enrolled 137 male war veterans with PTSD (89 had complex PTSD). The diagnosis was established based on 11th revision of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), and cardiovascular risk was estimated by the measurement of advanced glycation end products. Adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) was lower in the complex PTSD group (2.2% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.015). Accordingly, patients with complex PTSD had lower healthy lifestyle scores in comparison to PTSD counterparts (50.6 ± 9.7 vs. 59.6 ± 10.1, p < 0.001), and a positive association was noted between MD adherence and a healthy lifestyle (r = 0.183, p = 0.022). On the other hand, differences were not noted in terms of physical activity (p = 0.424), fat % (p = 0.571) or cardiovascular risk (p = 0.573). Although complex PTSD patients exhibit worse adherence to MD and lower healthy lifestyle scores, these differences do not seem to impact physical activity, body composition, or estimated cardiovascular risk. More research is needed to clarify if this lack of association accurately reflects the state of the PTSD population or results from insufficient statistical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zivana Puljiz
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Z.P.); (J.Z.)
| | - Marko Kumric
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (M.V.); (T.T.K.)
- Laboratory for Cardiometabolic Research, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Tonka Borovina Marasovic
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (T.B.M.); (T.M.); (M.R.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (T.G.)
| | - Tonci Mastelic
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (T.B.M.); (T.M.); (M.R.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (T.G.)
| | - Mihaela Rakusic
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (T.B.M.); (T.M.); (M.R.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (T.G.)
| | - Goran Pavela
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (T.B.M.); (T.M.); (M.R.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (T.G.)
| | - Andelko Beg
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (T.B.M.); (T.M.); (M.R.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (T.G.)
| | - Trpimir Glavina
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (T.B.M.); (T.M.); (M.R.); (G.P.); (A.B.); (T.G.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marin Mornar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Daniela Supe Domic
- Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marino Vilovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (M.V.); (T.T.K.)
- Laboratory for Cardiometabolic Research, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Jurica Zucko
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (Z.P.); (J.Z.)
| | - Tina Ticinovic Kurir
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (M.V.); (T.T.K.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (M.V.); (T.T.K.)
- Laboratory for Cardiometabolic Research, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Modena A, Casiraghi MC, Erba D. Dietary intake and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in semi-professional female soccer players: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1378365. [PMID: 38706566 PMCID: PMC11066240 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1378365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Adequate energy and nutrient intakes in athletes contribute to optimal performance and recovery, decrease the risk of injury, and help preserve athletes' health. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is considered suitable for covering the nutritional needs of athletes, while contributing to improve eating habits. The aim of the present study was to investigate the energy and nutrient intakes of semi-professional female soccer players and their adherence to the MD, during the competitive season. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on twenty-three female soccer players, who were invited to fill in a 3-day food diary twice, one month apart, to assess their energy and nutrient intakes and a validated questionnaire (MEDI-LITE) to evaluate their adherence to MD. Exercise energy expenditure during three training and match-play days was monitored by GPS. Results On average, the participants consumed 1,981 kcal/day, with 44% of their energy deriving from carbohydrates, 21% from protein, and 34% from fat; the mean MD adherence score was 10.1 ± 1.8, corresponding to a good MD adherence. A substantial percentage of athletes were at risk of insufficient nutrient intakes for vitamin D (100%), iodine (87%), potassium (87%), vitamin E (39%), iron and zinc (17 and 30%, respectively). Conclusion The evaluation of the dietary intake in female soccer players showed energy deficiency in relation to training level, mainly due to the insufficient intake of carbohydrates, and micronutrient deficiencies. The technical staff should promote adequate consumption of starchy foods in female athletes and emphasize the importance of a proper distribution of energy intake among different eating occasions, including snacks. Periodic monitoring of the nutritional status of micronutrients (vitamin D and some minerals) could help reduce deficiency risk. Over all, nutrition education to improve eating habits of athletes seems worthy of attention, in order to preserve athletes' health and performance.
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Ghazzawi HA, Nimer LS, Haddad AJ, Alhaj OA, Amawi AT, Pandi-Perumal SR, Trabelsi K, Seeman MV, Jahrami H. A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of the prevalence of self-reported disordered eating and associated factors among athletes worldwide. J Eat Disord 2024; 12:24. [PMID: 38326925 PMCID: PMC10851573 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-024-00982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this meta-analysis was to provide a pooled prevalence estimate of self-reported disordered eating (SRDE) in athletes based on the available literature, and to identify risk factors for their occurrence. METHODS Across ten academic databases, an electronic search was conducted from inception to 7th January 2024. The proportion of athletes scoring at or above predetermined cutoffs on validated self-reporting screening measures was used to identify disordered eating (DE). Subgroup analysis per country, per culture, and per research measure were also conducted. Age, body mass index (BMI), and sex were considered as associated/correlated factors. RESULTS The mean prevalence of SRDE among 70,957 athletes in 177 studies (132 publications) was 19.23% (17.04%; 21.62%), I2 = 97.4%, τ2 = 0.8990, Cochran's Q p value = 0. Australia had the highest percentage of SRDE athletes with a mean of 57.1% (36.0%-75.8%), while Iceland had the lowest, with a mean of 4.9% (1.2%-17.7%). The SRDE prevalence in Eastern countries was higher than in Western countries with 29.1% versus 18.5%. Anaerobic sports had almost double the prevalence of SRDE 37.9% (27.0%-50.2%) compared to aerobic sports 19.6% (15.2%-25%). Gymnastics sports had the highest SRDE prevalence rate, with 41.5% (30.4%-53.6%) while outdoor sports showed the lowest at 15.4% (11.6%-20.2%). Among various tools used to assess SRDE, the three-factor eating questionnaire yielded the highest SRDE rate 73.0% (60.1%-82.8%). Meta-regression analyses showed that female sex, older age, and higher BMI (all p < 0.01) are associated with higher prevalence rates of SRDE. CONCLUSION The outcome of this review suggests that factors specific to the sport affect eating behaviors throughout an athlete's life. As a result, one in five athletes run the risk of developing an eating disorder. Culture-specific and sport-specific diagnostic tools need to be developed and increased attention paid to nutritional deficiencies in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel A Ghazzawi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Lana S Nimer
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Areen Jamal Haddad
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Omar A Alhaj
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Adam T Amawi
- Department of Exercise Science and Kinesiology, School of Sport Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal
- Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, University of Sfax, EM2S, LR19JS013000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mary V Seeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain.
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.
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López-Gil JF, Tárraga-López PJ, Soledad Hershey M, López-Bueno R, Gutiérrez-Espinoza H, Soler-Marín A, Fernández-Montero A, Victoria-Montesinos D. Overall proportion of orthorexia nervosa symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis including 30 476 individuals from 18 countries. J Glob Health 2023; 13:04087. [PMID: 37917875 PMCID: PMC10622118 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.04087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To date, no previous meta-analysis has determined the overall proportion of orthorexia nervosa symptoms on a global scale. The aim of the present study was 2-fold: first, to establish the overall proportion of orthorexia nervosa symptoms on a global scale, assessed with the ORTO-15 questionnaire; and second, to determine the role of sex, type of population, mean age, body mass index, and the temporal trend in relation to orthorexia nervosa symptoms. Methods Four databases were searched (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) with date limits from January 2005 to June 2023. Studies assessing the proportion of orthorexia nervosa assessed using the ORTO-15 questionnaire with a cutoff of <35 or <40 points were included in this review. Results The overall proportion of orthorexia nervosa symptoms (using the cutoff <35 points) was 27.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 23.5-31.6, I2 = 97.0%). In addition, no significant differences were observed between females (34.6%, 95% CI = 29.5-39.8, I2 = 96.1%) and males (32.1%, 95% CI = 26.5-38.1, I2 = 93.1%). According to the type of population, the highest overall proportion was found in people focused on sports performance or body composition (34.5%, 95% CI = 23.1-47.0, I2 = 98.0%). Notwithstanding, caution should be exercised in interpreting this result, as reverse causality could be a potential pitfall in this relationship. Conclusions We found that approximately three out of 10 study participants showed orthorexia nervosa symptoms according to the ORTO-15 tool. This overall proportion was higher in those participants who were athletes or fitness practitioners. Over the years, the proportion of orthorexia nervosa symptoms seems to be increasing. These high percentages and their increase are worrisome from a public health perspective and highlight the need to develop psychometric instruments to aid in clinical diagnosis and treatment efficacy. Registration PROSPERO (CRD42022350873).
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco López-Gil
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Pedro Juan Tárraga-López
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Maria Soledad Hershey
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rubén López-Bueno
- Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Soler-Marín
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fernández-Montero
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Athanasaki D, Lakoumentas J, Milani GP, Agostoni C, Berghea F, Ionescu MD, Vassilopoulou E. Maternal Bonding as a Protective Factor for Orthorexia Nervosa Risk in Dietetics Students. Nutrients 2023; 15:3577. [PMID: 37630767 PMCID: PMC10460006 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the risk of orthorexia nervosa (ON) in dietetics students in Greece, and its relationship with diet, risk of eating disorder (ED), body mass index (BMI), body image flexibility, and parental attachment. The participants were 132 dietetics students, with a mean age of 22.94 ± 3.5 years, who completed a series of questionnaires that recorded sociodemographic, clinical, and anthropometric characteristics; adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet); ON indicators as determined by the ORTO-15 questionnaire; body image flexibility, with the Body Image-Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (BI-AAQ-5); the risk for ED as assessed using the EAT-26; anxiety level according to the STAIT 6 instrument; and recollection of their parents' attitudes towards them during the first 16 years of life, with the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). ON risk appeared to be significantly associated with BMI (p = 0.002), exercise frequency (p = 0.023), anxiety level (p = 0.002), risk of ED (p < 0.001), body image inflexibility (p < 0.001), and inversely with the affectionate constraint of maternal bonding (p = 0.036). In conclusion, disordered eating behaviors and body shape concerns are prevalent among dietetics students, with parental attachment to the mother influencing their occurrence. Identification of potential ON and development of prevention mechanisms during childhood could help eliminate these concerns and improve the lives of dietetics students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafni Athanasaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.A.); (J.L.); (E.V.)
| | - John Lakoumentas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.A.); (J.L.); (E.V.)
| | - Gregorio Paolo Milani
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.P.M.); (C.A.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.P.M.); (C.A.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Florian Berghea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Spital Clinic Sf. Maria, Bd. Ion Mihalache 37-39, Et 1 Secretariat, 011172 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marcela Daniela Ionescu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- “Marie S. Curie” Emergency Children’s Clinical Hospital, 041451 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emilia Vassilopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.A.); (J.L.); (E.V.)
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.P.M.); (C.A.)
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Kaufman M, Nguyen C, Shetty M, Oppezzo M, Barrack M, Fredericson M. Popular Dietary Trends' Impact on Athletic Performance: A Critical Analysis Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3511. [PMID: 37630702 PMCID: PMC10460072 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition fuels optimal performance for athletes. With increased research developments, numerous diets available, and publicity from professional athletes, a review of dietary patterns impact on athletic performance is warranted. RESULTS The Mediterranean diet is a low inflammatory diet linked to improved power and muscle endurance and body composition. Ketogenic diets are restrictive of carbohydrates and proteins. Though both show no decrements in weight loss, ketogenic diets, which is a more restrictive form of low-carbohydrate diets, can be more difficult to follow. High-protein and protein-paced versions of low-carbohydrate diets have also shown to benefit athletic performance. Plant-based diets have many variations. Vegans are at risk of micronutrient deficiencies and decreased leucine content, and therefore, decreased muscle protein synthesis. However, the literature has not shown decreases in performance compared to omnivores. Intermittent fasting has many different versions, which may not suit those with comorbidities or specific needs as well as lead to decreases in sprint speed and worsening time to exhaustion. CONCLUSIONS This paper critically evaluates the research on diets in relation to athletic performance and details some of the potential risks that should be monitored. No one diet is universally recommend for athletes; however, this article provides the information for athletes to analyze, in conjunction with medical professional counsel, their own diet and consider sustainable changes that can help achieve performance and body habitus goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Kaufman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Chantal Nguyen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Maya Shetty
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Marily Oppezzo
- Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Michelle Barrack
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Michael Fredericson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
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Puljiz Z, Kumric M, Vrdoljak J, Martinovic D, Ticinovic Kurir T, Krnic MO, Urlic H, Puljiz Z, Zucko J, Dumanic P, Mikolasevic I, Bozic J. Obesity, Gut Microbiota, and Metabolome: From Pathophysiology to Nutritional Interventions. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102236. [PMID: 37242119 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a disorder identified by an inappropriate increase in weight in relation to height and is considered by many international health institutions to be a major pandemic of the 21st century. The gut microbial ecosystem impacts obesity in multiple ways that yield downstream metabolic consequences, such as affecting systemic inflammation, immune response, and energy harvest, but also the gut-host interface. Metabolomics, a systematized study of low-molecular-weight molecules that take part in metabolic pathways, represents a serviceable method for elucidation of the crosstalk between hosts' metabolism and gut microbiota. In the present review, we confer about clinical and preclinical studies exploring the association of obesity and related metabolic disorders with various gut microbiome profiles, and the effects of several dietary interventions on gut microbiome composition and the metabolome. It is well established that various nutritional interventions may serve as an efficient therapeutic approach to support weight loss in obese individuals, yet no agreement exists in regard to the most effective dietary protocol, both in the short and long term. However, metabolite profiling and the gut microbiota composition might represent an opportunity to methodically establish predictors for obesity control that are relatively simple to measure in comparison to traditional approaches, and it may also present a tool to determine the optimal nutritional intervention to ameliorate obesity in an individual. Nevertheless, a lack of adequately powered randomized trials impedes the application of observations to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zivana Puljiz
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Kumric
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Josip Vrdoljak
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Dinko Martinovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Tina Ticinovic Kurir
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marin Ozren Krnic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Urlic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Zeljko Puljiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Jurica Zucko
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Dumanic
- Medical Laboratory Diagnostic Division, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Mikolasevic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Centre Rijeka, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Pratt VB, Hill AP, Madigan DJ. A longitudinal study of perfectionism and orthorexia in exercisers. Appetite 2023; 183:106455. [PMID: 36623773 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that trait perfectionism and perfectionistic self-presentation are related to orthorexia - a pathological obsession with correct nutrition. However, no studies have examined these relationships over time or compared the influence of the two aspects of perfectionism on orthorexia. In the present study we sought to address these two issues. Gym members who engaged in high degrees of exercise were recruited via social media platforms. They completed an online questionnaire that included the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-Short Form, Perfectionistic Self-Presentation Scale, and the Eating Habits Questionnaire on two occasions: 177 participants (Mean age = 31.6 years) initially completed the questionnaire and 82 completed the questionnaire six weeks later. A series of multiple regression analyses revealed that (i) trait perfectionism predicted an increase in orthorexia symptomatology over time with socially prescribed perfectionism and other-oriented perfectionism unique predictors of orthorexia, (ii) perfectionistic self-presentation predicted orthorexia over time with nondisplay of imperfection a unique predictor of orthorexia, and (iii) when considered alongside each other, only trait dimensions of perfectionism were unique predictors of orthorexia. The present study provides further evidence that perfectionism is related to orthorexia. In addition, the study also provides preliminary evidence that more engrained trait aspects of perfectionism are more predictive of orthorexia over time than the self-presentational aspects of perfectionism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verity B Pratt
- School of Science, Technology, and Health, York St John University, Lord Mayor's Walk, York, YO31 7EX, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew P Hill
- School of Science, Technology, and Health, York St John University, Lord Mayor's Walk, York, YO31 7EX, United Kingdom.
| | - Daniel J Madigan
- School of Science, Technology, and Health, York St John University, Lord Mayor's Walk, York, YO31 7EX, United Kingdom.
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Elias MC, Gomes DL, Paracampo CCP. Associations between Orthorexia Nervosa, Body Self-Image, Nutritional Beliefs, and Behavioral Rigidity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214578. [PMID: 36364840 PMCID: PMC9656974 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Possible correlations between orthorexic self-reports, unhealthy nutritional beliefs, behavioral rigidity related to following rules, and distortion of body self-image were investigated. In total, 246 university students of both sexes, from different areas of knowledge, answered a sociodemographic form, the Ortho-15, the Body Shape Questionnaire, the Rigidity Scale, and a Nutritional Beliefs Form. Orthorexic self-reports were observed in 73 men and 106 women. A positive correlation was found between females and orthorexic self-reports (p = 0.036), and severe distortion of body self-image (p = 0.002) and between the latter, the behavioral rigidity scale (p2 = 0.189; p = 0.001), and female sex (p2 = 0.245; p < 0.000). In the logistic regression, women were 1.83 times more likely to present orthorexic behaviors than men. The creation of prevention and treatment strategies aimed at women is suggested and it recommended that studies investigating whether the presence of orthorexic self-reports is a risk factor for the development of eating disorders are carried out.
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Erkin Ö, Kocaçal E. Health perceptions and orthorexia nervosa tendencies among academics. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:2782-2790. [PMID: 35612353 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the perception of academicians' health status, identify academicians' orthorexia nervosa (ON) tendencies, and identify the factors associated with academicians' ON tendencies. DESIGN AND METHODS Personal information form (14 questions), Perception of Health status Scale, and ON (ORTO-11) Scale were used in data collection. FINDINGS The mean age of the participants was 42.23 ± 8.18. Of the academicians, 77.6% were female and 38.8% were in health-related departments. The health perception mean score was 1.82 ± 0.64. The average score of the ORTO-11 Scale was 22.86 ± 4.00, and 84.5% were found to be at risk of ON. There was a correlation between perception of health status and ORTO-11 (r = -0.286; p < 0.05). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Most of the academicians had a high tendency to ON. However, it is necessary to increase their awareness by providing training. Further studies should be carried out for certain diagnosis of ON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özüm Erkin
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, İzmir Demokrasi University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Elem Kocaçal
- Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, İzmir Demokrasi University, İzmir, Turkey
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Bykowska-Derda A, Zielińska-Dawidziak M, Czlapka-Matyasik M. Dietary-Lifestyle Patterns Associated with Bone Turnover Markers, and Bone Mineral Density in Adult Male Distance Amateur Runners—A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102048. [PMID: 35631189 PMCID: PMC9144099 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Excessive mileage can be detrimental to bone mineral density among long-distance runners. The negative effects of mileage could be alleviated by appropriate nutrition. The purpose of this study was to analyse the dietary-lifestyle patterns in relation to bone mineral density and bone turnover markers among amateur marathoners. Methods: A total of 53 amateur male distance runners were divided into two clusters by k-means cluster analysis. Bone mineral density was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Blood was drawn to analyse bone resorption marker C-terminal telopeptide (cTX) and bone formation marker amino-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PINP). Food frequency intake and lifestyle information were measured by multicomponent questionnaire KomPAN®. Yearly average mileage per month was taken from each participant. Results: There were two distinguished clusters: Less-healthy-more-active-low-Z-score (LessHA) (n = 33) and More-healthy-less-active-high-Z-score (MoreHLA) (n = 20). LessHA had a lower frequency intake of pro-healthy food groups, a lower number of meals during a typical day, and a higher mileage training than the group of athletes who followed the MoreHLA. Athletes following the LessHA pattern also had a lower Z-score in the lumbar spine and femoral bone and a lower PINP. Conclusion: The current study suggests that pro-healthy dietary patterns and lower mileage may favour higher bone mineral density in male amateur marathoners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bykowska-Derda
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Zielińska-Dawidziak
- Department of Food Biochemistry and Analysis, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Czlapka-Matyasik
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-8466204
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