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Halkai KR, Halkai R. Prevalence of dental caries among coronavirus disease 2019-recovered patients and correlation with salivary total antioxidant capacity in Kalaburagi region of Indian subpopulation. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:414-418. [PMID: 38779205 PMCID: PMC11108426 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_36_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has vastly affected mankind worldwide, and its long-term effect on oral health needs to be studied. Aims The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and its correlation with salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in Kalaburagi region of the Indian subpopulation. Methods About 80 subjects (16-55 years) were included in the study based on selection criteria and were divided into two groups (n = 40). Group 1: no history of COVID-19 infection and Group 2: COVID-19-recovered subjects. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups (n = 20) A and B with and without dental caries. Dental caries was assessed using the decay, missing, filled, treatment (DMFT) index by the World Health Organization. About 5 ml of unstimulated saliva samples was collected and centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 10 min, and the supernatants were collected. Salivary TAC was estimated using 2,2'-azino-bis-[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic] acid assay and observed under spectrophotometer (734 nm). Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality distribution followed by one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test (P < 0.05). Results COVID-19-recovered subjects showed a higher prevalence of dental caries and lower TAC levels than non-COVID-19 subjects. Conclusion Higher prevalence of dental caries with lower levels of salivary TAC was found in COVID-19-recovered individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran R. Halkai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Al-Badar Rural Dental College and Hospital, Kalaburgi, Karnataka, India
| | - Rahul Halkai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Al-Badar Rural Dental College and Hospital, Kalaburgi, Karnataka, India
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Pegon-Machat E, Skandrani A, Clinchamps M, Pereira B, Garnier N, Berthon M, Guegan J, Piaton S, Roger-Leroi V, N'Guessan L, Kobla B, Sarr L, The Covistress Network, Dutheil F, Tubert-Jeannin S. The COVISTRESS oral-health study: Dental-care access in France during the COVID-19 pandemic. SANTE PUBLIQUE (VANDOEUVRE-LES-NANCY, FRANCE) 2023; 35:45-56. [PMID: 38040645 DOI: 10.3917/spub.hs1.2023.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to an interruption in dental-care services during the initial lockdown period. This study assesses the impact of this period on the perception of oral health and accessibility to dental care in France. A questionnaire survey was carried out (COVISTRESS.ORG) to study the stress and health behaviors of adults before, during, and after the first lockdown, i.e., at the time of the response. An “oral health” questionnaire assessed changes in the perceived difficulties for accessing dental care. Between November 2020 and April 2021, 339 adults completed the “oral health” section. The perceived-difficulty-in-accessing-dental-care score (on a scale of 0 to 100) was 21.6 ± 26.7 before the pandemic, 52.9± 39.5 during lockdown, and 38.1± 35.3 after it. Before the pandemic, this score was linked to an unfavorable perception of oral health and to difficulties in accessing health care. During lockdown, the score was associated with high dental care needs (RR=4.1; CI95%=1.2–13.8), and perceived difficulties in accessing the health care system (5.06; 1.8–14.1), particularly transport difficulties (3.0; 1.1–9.1). The factors explaining the change in difficulties from before to after the lockdown differ according to when the assessment was done. This study demonstrates the negative impact of the pandemic on perceived difficulties for accessing dental care, within a population with few socially disadvantaged people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Pegon-Machat
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, Laboratoire CROC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service d’odontologie, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amal Skandrani
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, Laboratoire CROC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maëlys Clinchamps
- Service santé, travail, environnement, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, LAPSCO, CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Unité de biostatistiques, DRCI, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nelly Garnier
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, Laboratoire CROC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Michael Berthon
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, LAPSCO, CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Guegan
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, LAPSCO, CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sophie Piaton
- Service d’odontologie, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, LAPSCO, CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valérie Roger-Leroi
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, Laboratoire CROC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service d’odontologie, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Linda N'Guessan
- Service santé, travail, environnement, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Brice Kobla
- Service santé, travail, environnement, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Léontine Sarr
- Service santé, travail, environnement, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Service santé, travail, environnement, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, LAPSCO, CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stéphanie Tubert-Jeannin
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, Laboratoire CROC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service d’odontologie, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Paszynska E, Gawriolek M, Hernik A, Otulakowska-Skrzynska J, Winiarska H, Springer D, Roszak M, Slebioda Z, Krahel A, Cofta S. Prevalence of oral complications in the course of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection under mechanical non-invasive ventilation. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:293. [PMID: 37608339 PMCID: PMC10463896 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of oral health during severe symptoms of Covid-19 is still a challenge, especially in intensive care units under invasive/noninvasive ventilation in hospital. Understanding the cause-and-effect relationships may allow for individual adjustment of oral care recommendations during Covid-19 disease. The study's objective was to assess Covid-19 patients' oral health status under hospital treatment due to pulmonary adverse Covid-19 outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Covid-19 patients (mean age 74.4 ± 15.4; n = 120, male n = 50/female n = 70) were admitted to hospital in the acute phase of Covid-19 between January and March 2022 who required oxygen therapy due to pneumonia, rapid respiratory failure, low saturation. Blood and radiological tests were taken according to National Health Fund guidelines. The condition of teeth (Decayed, Missing, Filled teeth as DMFT index), dental hygiene (Plaque Control Record as PCR index), periodontal status (probing depth PD, clinical attachment CAL, bleeding on probing BOP) and oral mucosa (BRUSHED and Beck scores) were examined. RESULTS Charateristics of the teeth (dental caries 35.2%, DMFT Median 22), plaque retention (83.4%), advanced periodontitis (48.3%), xerostomia (74.2%), oral mucosa inflammation (80.8%), angular cheilitis (53.3%), hemorrhagic (21.7%) showed a high incidence of harmful oral conditions. BRUSHED model and Beck score indicated moderate oral dysfunction and need for oral care every 8 h. Spearman's analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between pneumonia and neutrophile, interleukin-6 IL-6, C-reactive protein CRP (p = 0.01, p < 0.001, p < 0.001), negative to lymphocyte count (p < 0.001). Multiple and logistic regressions selected the following risk predictors for pneumonia as IL-6, CRP, obesity and for severe COVID-19 symptoms D-dimer level and a lack of targeted vaccination (p < 0.001). Among oral predictors, the PCR index and Beck score were significant for both outcomes (respectively p < 0.001, p < 0.012). Patients who received oxygen therapy with face masks had more often angular heilitis and debris (p = 0.025, p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 hospitalised patients with severe symptoms crossing with poor oral health-related conditions. This may exacerbate a response for COVID infection, and play a role in cytokine storm. For Covid-19 management, to inhibit extraoral/intraoral complications, it is recommended to adjust oral hygiene procedures, including antibacterial, protective, moisturising agents after individual oral health assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Paszynska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), Bukowska st. 70, 60-812, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Maria Gawriolek
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), Bukowska st. 70, 60-812, Poznan, Poland
| | - Amadeusz Hernik
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), Bukowska st. 70, 60-812, Poznan, Poland
| | - Justyna Otulakowska-Skrzynska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), Bukowska st. 70, 60-812, Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Winiarska
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), Szamarzewskiego 82/84, 60-569, Poznan, Poland
| | - Daria Springer
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), Szamarzewskiego 82/84, 60-569, Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Roszak
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), Rokietnicka st. 7, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Slebioda
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Pathology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Bukowska st. 70, Poland
| | - Anna Krahel
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), Bukowska st. 70, 60-812, Poznan, Poland
| | - Szczepan Cofta
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), Szamarzewskiego 82/84, 60-569, Poznan, Poland
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Paszynska E, Pawinska M, Enax J, Meyer F, Schulze zur Wiesche E, May TW, Amaechi BT, Limeback H, Hernik A, Otulakowska-Skrzynska J, Krahel A, Kaminska I, Lapinska-Antonczuk J, Stokowska E, Gawriolek M. Caries-preventing effect of a hydroxyapatite-toothpaste in adults: a 18-month double-blinded randomized clinical trial. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1199728. [PMID: 37533523 PMCID: PMC10393266 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1199728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries is a worldwide challenge for public health. The aim of this 18-month double-blinded, randomized, clinical trial was to compare the caries-preventing effect of a fluoride-free, hydroxyapatite toothpaste (test) and a toothpaste with sodium fluoride (1450 ppm fluoride; positive control) in adults. Methods The primary endpoint was the percentage of subjects showing no increase in overall Decayed Missing Filled Surfaces (DMFS) index. The study was designed as non-inferiority trial. Non-inferiority was claimed if the upper limit of the exact one-sided 95% confidence interval for the difference of the primary endpoint DMFS between test and control toothpaste was less than the predefined margin of non-inferiority (Δ ≤ 20%). Results In total, 189 adults were included in the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis; 171 subjects finished the study per protocol (PP). According to the PP analysis, no increase in DMFS index was observed in 89.3% of subjects of the hydroxyapatite group and 87.4% of the subjects of the fluoride group. The hydroxyapatite toothpaste was not statistically inferior to a fluoride toothpaste with regard to the primary endpoint. Conclusion Hydroxyapatite was proven to be a safe and efficient anticaries agent in oral care. Clinical trial registration NCT04756557.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Paszynska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Pawinska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joachim Enax
- Research Department, Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Frederic Meyer
- Research Department, Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Theodor W. May
- Society for Biometrics and Psychometrics, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Bennett T. Amaechi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Hardy Limeback
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amadeusz Hernik
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Anna Krahel
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Inga Kaminska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Stokowska
- Department of Gerostomatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maria Gawriolek
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Chan VWK, Chan CY, Hoi BPK, Chan JHY, Li L, Li MYY, Chung ESK, Sin HHF, Wong ELY, Lo KKH. Relative Validity of a Short Food Frequency Questionnaire for Disadvantaged Families in Hong Kong. Nutrients 2023; 15:2668. [PMID: 37375572 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with lower socioeconomic status are more vulnerable in securing good nutritional quality. It was also found that people who had received a lower education level had greater difficulty in completing the conventional dietary assessment such as a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Previous studies have demonstrated the validity of a short FFQ in Hong Kong's pregnant women, but its validity among a wider community was still unknown. For the present study, we aimed to validate a short FFQ among disadvantaged communities in Hong Kong. Amongst 103 individuals participating in a dietary intervention programme, their dietary data were collected by FFQs and three-day dietary records. Relative validity was assessed by correlation analysis, cross-tabulation, one-sample t-test, and linear regression. In general, water and total energy intake had significant correlations (0.77 for crude water intake and 0.87 for crude total energy intake) between values reported by FFQ and dietary records, good agreement (both with over 50% of observations falling into the same quartile), and insignificant differences between assessment methods reported by one-sample t-test and linear regression. Meanwhile, several nutrients had good agreement in terms of the values reported by FFQ and dietary records, such as energy from total fat, carbohydrates, total fat, cholesterol, phosphorus, and potassium. The results of this study demonstrated that the short version FFQ could be a convenient assessment tool of multiple dietary behaviors, especially in total energy and water intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Wai-Ki Chan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Crystal Ying Chan
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Health Systems and Policy Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Becky Pek-Kei Hoi
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Health Systems and Policy Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joyce Ho-Yi Chan
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Health Systems and Policy Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liz Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maggie Ying-Yee Li
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Health Systems and Policy Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edwin Shun-Kit Chung
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Health Systems and Policy Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Henry Ho-Fai Sin
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Health Systems and Policy Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eliza Lai-Yi Wong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Health Systems and Policy Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kenneth Ka-Hei Lo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Institute for Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Wdowiak-Szymanik A, Wdowiak A, Szymanik P, Grocholewicz K. Pandemic COVID-19 Influence on Adult's Oral Hygiene, Dietary Habits and Caries Disease-Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912744. [PMID: 36232043 PMCID: PMC9566618 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2. The pandemic over the past two years has completely changed people's daily habits with an impact on oral hygiene, eating habits, and oral health. MATERIALS AND METHODS The available literature was reviewed on the PubMed platform and from other sources MEDLINE and Cochrane Reviews. The analysis included comparative and clinical trials as well as pragmatic clinical/randomized controlled trials, and observational studies which focused on the effects of COVID-19 on the dietary habits of the population, oral hygiene, and caries incidence. RESULTS The analysis shows that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant negative impact on dietary habits and an ambiguous impact on oral health habits of the population. The researchers showed that patients' visits were limited only to those necessary, because of fear of infecting with the SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSIONS The literature review shows that the COVID-19 pandemic, by affecting many aspects of everyday life, including eating habits, caring for oral hygiene, and avoiding regular visits to the dentist, may generate an increase in oral diseases. Due to the differences in knowledge results, further research observations in this field are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Wdowiak-Szymanik
- Department of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Agata Wdowiak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charite Universitatsmedizin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Piotr Szymanik
- DentalPort Szymanik Dental Office, 72-600 Świnoujście, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grocholewicz
- Department of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Nosrat A, Yu P, Verma P, Dianat O, Wu D, Fouad AF. Was the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Associated with an Increased Rate of Cracked Teeth? J Endod 2022; 48:1241-1247. [PMID: 35835260 PMCID: PMC9273286 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is lack of data on whether the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was associated with changes in the etiology of pathosis in endodontic patients. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of cracks and other etiologic factors during the period of March 16th to May 31st in 2020 (COVID-19 initial outbreak) and 2021 (COVID-19 ongoing pandemic) compared with figures from the same period in 2019 (pre-COVID era) in 2 endodontists' practices. METHODS The etiologies of patients' chief complaints were determined from records of 2440 teeth (740 in 2019, 651 in 2020, and 1049 in 2021). Changes in the proportion of etiologic factors among all 3 periods were analyzed. The association between the rate of cracked teeth and patients' age and sex was determined using a logistic regression model. RESULTS The rates of all etiologies collectively during the studied periods showed a significant change (P < .0001). The rate of cracks significantly increased in 2020 (11.8%) (P = .0001) and 2021 (8%) (P = .0018) compared with 2019 (4.3%). The rate of persistent infections decreased in 2020 (22.3%) (P = .0013) and then increased in 2021 (27.5%) (P = .0153) compared with 2019 (30%). Cracked teeth were associated with the age group of 40-60 years (odds ratio [OR] = 1.882; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.063-3.330) in 2020 and with age ranges of 40-60 years (OR = 2.051; 95% CI, 1.120-3.759) and >60 years (OR = 2.038; 95% CI, 1.050-3.956) and male sex (OR = 1.599; 95% CI, 1.019-2.510) in 2021. CONCLUSIONS The rate of cracked teeth increased during the initial outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and 1 year later. This study provided evidence on the association between the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in the rate and presentation of endodontic etiologic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nosrat
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland,Private Practice, Centreville Endodontics, Centreville, Virginia
| | - Peter Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Prashant Verma
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland,Private Practice, Centreville Endodontics, Centreville, Virginia,Private Practice, Capitol Endodontics, Washington, DC
| | - Omid Dianat
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland,Private Practice, Centreville Endodontics, Centreville, Virginia
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Division of Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ashraf F. Fouad
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama,Address requests for reprints to Dr Ashraf F. Fouad, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1919 Seventh Avenue South, Room 610, Birmingham, AL 35294
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8
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Nosrat A, Yu P, Dianat O, Verma P, Taheri S, Wu D, Fouad AF. Endodontic Specialists’ Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic One Year After the Initial Outbreak. J Endod 2022; 48:699-706. [PMID: 35307515 PMCID: PMC8928705 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nosrat
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland; Centreville Endodontics, Centreville, Virginia
| | - Peter Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Omid Dianat
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland; Centreville Endodontics, Centreville, Virginia
| | - Prashant Verma
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland; Centreville Endodontics, Centreville, Virginia; Capitol Endodontics, Washington, DC
| | - Sahar Taheri
- Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy, Shenandoah University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Division of Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ashraf F Fouad
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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