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Busse KR, Lee Mayol NR, Ammerman AS, Avery CL, Martin SL, Adair LS. Ultraprocessed Food Intake during the Transition to Adulthood Varies According to Sociodemographic Characteristics and Maternal Intake in Cebu, Philippines. J Nutr 2024; 154:2273-2283. [PMID: 38697516 PMCID: PMC11282470 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) are associated with elevated risk of noncommunicable disease, but little is known about UPF intake and the individual-, household-, and community-level factors associated with it among adolescents in low- or middle-income countries. OBJECTIVES We estimated the association of UPF intake across adolescence with sociodemographic characteristics and maternal UPF intake in a Filipino cohort. METHODS Data were from 4 waves (1994-2005) of the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (n = 2068); participants were aged 11, 15, 18, and 21 y. Foods from 24-h recalls were classified using NOVA. We used two-part multilevel models to estimate time-varying associations of the odds and amount (percentage daily kilocalories) of UPF intake with sociodemographic characteristics and maternal UPF intake (none, below median among UPF-consuming mothers ["low"], at or above median ["high"]). RESULTS Median UPF intake (interquartile range [IQR]) among adolescents was 7.3% (IQR: 0, 17.2%) of daily kilocalories at age 11 y and 10.6% (IQR: 3.6, 19.6%) at 21 y. The odds and amount of adolescent UPF intake were positively associated with female sex, years of schooling, and household wealth and inversely associated with household size. The odds-but not amount-of adolescent UPF intake was positively associated with maternal education and urbanicity and inversely associated with the distance from a household's primary store/market. The association between odds of adolescent UPF intake and school enrollment was positive in adolescence but disappeared in early adulthood. Compared with offspring whose mothers did not consume UPFs, the odds of UPF intake among those whose mothers had low or high UPF intake was greater in adolescence, but there was no association once offspring became adults. At all ages, maternal UPF intake was positively associated with the amount of offspring intake. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent UPF intake varied across sociodemographic characteristics and was positively associated with maternal UPF intake, but not after adolescents entered adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle R Busse
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| | - Nanette R Lee Mayol
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Alice S Ammerman
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Christy L Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephanie L Martin
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Shamim AA, Akter F, Hossain MM, Rinky F, Hanif AAM, Hasan M, Khan MSA, Ullah MA, Bulbul MMI, Mridha MK. Unhealthy Food and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption Among Bangladeshi Elderly People and Their Sociodemographic Determinants: Findings From a Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e61922. [PMID: 38978878 PMCID: PMC11228386 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Savory crispy or fried snack (SCFS), sugary snack (SS), and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption are associated with a higher prevalence of obesity and non-communicable diseases. So, we estimated the consumption of SCFS, SS, and SSB among elderly males and females in Bangladesh. We also reported the factors associated with their consumption using data from a nationwide cross-sectional study. METHODS We interviewed 2,482 (51.52%) elderly males and 2,335 (48.47%) elderly females for the recall for the past seven days on the intake of SCFS, SS, and SSB from 82 randomly selected clusters from rural, non-slum urban, and slum areas in Bangladesh. Sociodemographic and anthropometry data were also collected. RESULTS Consumption of SCFS, SS, and SSB for ≥1 time per week was reported by 884 (31.5%), 1,696 (66.1%), and 1,911 (69.3%) of the elderly males and 516 (20.1%), 1,367 (53.9%), and 1,171 (34.1%) of the elderly females, respectively. Both elderly males and females from slum and non-slum urban areas consumed more SSB than their rural counterparts. Higher level of television viewing was associated with increased frequency of intake of SCFS, SS, and SSB among elderly males and SSB intake among elderly females. Nutritional status was not associated with the consumption of these foods and drinks among the elderly; however, overweight males consumed SSB less frequently. CONCLUSION In Bangladesh, elderly males and females frequently consume unhealthy snacks and drinks. Considering their detrimental effect on health, it is necessary to reduce their consumption through policy and program measures and promote healthier foods and beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Ahmed Shamim
- Center for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Fahmida Akter
- Center for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Md Mokbul Hossain
- Center for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Farhana Rinky
- Center for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Abu Abdullah Mohammad Hanif
- Center for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Mehedi Hasan
- Center for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Md Showkat Ali Khan
- Center for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Mohammad Aman Ullah
- National Nutrition Services, Institute of Public Health Nutrition, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Md Mafizul I Bulbul
- National Nutrition Services, Institute of Public Health Nutrition, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Malay K Mridha
- Center for Non-communicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, BGD
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Ruskovska T, Postolov F, Milenkovic D. Integrated Analysis of Genomic and Genome-Wide Association Studies Identified Candidate Genes for Nutrigenetic Studies in Flavonoids and Vascular Health: Path to Precision Nutrition for (Poly)phenols. Nutrients 2024; 16:1362. [PMID: 38732608 PMCID: PMC11085427 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids exert vasculoprotective effects in humans, but interindividual variability in their action has also been reported. This study aims to identify genes that are associated with vascular health effects of flavonoids and whose polymorphisms could explain interindividual variability in response to their intake. Applying the predetermined literature search criteria, we identified five human intervention studies reporting positive effects of flavonoids on vascular function together with global genomic changes analyzed using microarray methods. Genes involved in vascular dysfunction were identified from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). By extracting data from the eligible human intervention studies, we obtained 5807 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The number of identified upstream regulators (URs) varied across the studies, from 227 to 1407. The search of the GWAS Catalog revealed 493 genes associated with vascular dysfunction. An integrative analysis of transcriptomic data with GWAS genes identified 106 candidate DEGs and 42 candidate URs, while subsequent functional analyses and a search of the literature identified 20 top priority candidate genes: ALDH2, APOE, CAPZA1, CYP11B2, GNA13, IL6, IRF5, LDLR, LPL, LSP1, MKNK1, MMP3, MTHFR, MYO6, NCR3, PPARG, SARM1, TCF20, TCF7L2, and TNF. In conclusion, this integrated analysis identifies important genes to design future nutrigenetic studies for development of precision nutrition for polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Ruskovska
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia; (T.R.); (F.P.)
| | - Filip Postolov
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia; (T.R.); (F.P.)
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Okekunle AP, Asowata OJ, Akpa OM, Fakunle AG, Bodunde I, Komolafe M, Arulogun O, Sarfo FS, Obiako R, Osaigbovo G, Ogbole G, Bello A, Adeniyi S, Calys-Tagoe B, Appiah L, Jenkins C, Oyinloye O, Dambatta H, Balogun O, Singh A, Olalere A, Mensah Y, Ogah OS, Ibinaiye P, Adebayo O, Adebajo O, Adebayo P, Chukwuonye I, Akinyemi R, Ovbiagele B, Owolabi M. Dietary patterns associated with hypertension among stroke-free indigenous Africans: insights from the Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network study. J Hypertens 2024; 42:620-628. [PMID: 38230616 PMCID: PMC11126300 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dietary factors associated with the high burden of hypertension among indigenous Africans remain poorly understood. We assessed the relationship between dietary patterns and hypertension among indigenous Africans. METHOD In this study, 1550 participants with hypertension matched (for age: ± 5 years, sex and ethnicity) with 1550 participants without hypertension were identified from the stroke-free population in the Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network study in Ghana and Nigeria. Food consumption was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary information was summarized using principal component analysis to identify seven dietary patterns. Conditional logistic regression was applied to compute the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of hypertension by tertiles of dietary patterns adjusting for age, education, income, smoking, alcohol use, physical inactivity, family history of cardiovascular diseases, obesity and salt intake at a two-sided P less than 0.05. RESULTS Multivariable-adjusted OR [95% confidence interval (CI)] for risk of hypertension by second and third tertiles [using the lowest (first) tertile as reference] of dietary patterns were 0.62 (0.48-0.80), 0.70 (0.54-0.90) for whole grains and fruit drinks; 0.87 (0.68-1.12), 0.83 (0.64-1.08) for fruits; 0.85 (0.65-1.10), 0.97 (0.75-1.26) for vegetables, legumes and potatoes; 0.78 (0.60-1.00), 0.84 (0.65-1.08) for fried foods and sweetened drinks; 1.13 (0.88-1.45), 0.80 (0.62-1.03) for poultry product and organ meat; 1.11 (0.86-1.43), 0.88 (0.68-1.14) for red meat; and 1.14 (0.88-1.48), 1.09 (0.84-1.43) for processed foods ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSION A higher adherence to dietary consumption of whole grains and fruits was inversely associated with low odds of hypertension in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Koreay
| | | | - Onoja Matthew Akpa
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Ibadan
| | - Adekunle Gregory Fakunle
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Public Health, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State
| | | | - Morenikeji Komolafe
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife
| | - Oyedunni Arulogun
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Fred Stephen Sarfo
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | | | | | - Godwin Ogbole
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan
| | - Abiodun Bello
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Adeniyi
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Benedict Calys-Tagoe
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | - Lambert Appiah
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | | | - Olalekan Oyinloye
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife
| | | | | | - Arti Singh
- Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Yaw Mensah
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rufus Akinyemi
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training College of Medicine
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Bruce Ovbiagele
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Mayowa Owolabi
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
- Lebanese American University of Beirut, Lebanon
- Blossom Specialist Medican Centre, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Godbharle S, Kesa H, Jeyakumar A. Processed food consumption and risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in South Africa: evidence from Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) VII. J Nutr Sci 2024; 13:e19. [PMID: 38572366 PMCID: PMC10988147 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2024.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to analyse the association between processed food consumption and the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in South Africa. In this empirical study, we analysed nationally representative secondary data obtained from the South African Demographic and Health Survey (SADHS) VII. The survey included 13,288 occupied households, of which 11,083 were interviewed. In the interviewed households, 12,717 eligible adults aged 15 and older were identified and 10,336 were successfully interviewed. The study included four processed food groups (i.e. fried foods, takeaway foods/fast foods, salty snacks/packed chips, and processed meats) and eight NCDs (i.e. hypertension, cardiac arrest, cancer, stroke, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, chronic bronchitis, and asthma). As per the logistic regression results following adjustment, none of the disease states showed association with all four processed food groups. However, at least three processed food groups showed a significant positive association with hypertension, cardiac arrest, and diabetes. Two processed food groups showed significant positive association with stroke, and chronic bronchitis; one with hypercholesterolaemia and asthma; and cancer was not associated with any food groups. Processed meat and salted snacks/packed chips were each associated with five chronic conditions. In summary, we found that the consumption of any of the processed food groups increased the risk of NCDs in the South African population. Enabling policy and regulatory efforts in the production and distribution of processed foods, combined with improved awareness among the population need to be prioritised for immediate action. Facilitating the populations to choose traditional healthy diets would be a sustainable strategy for the prevention of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Godbharle
- Food Evolution Research Laboratory (FERL), School of Tourism and Hospitality, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Hema Kesa
- Food Evolution Research Laboratory (FERL), School of Tourism and Hospitality, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Angeline Jeyakumar
- Food Evolution Research Laboratory (FERL), School of Tourism and Hospitality, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
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Wang Z, Lu C, Wang Y, E F, Mentis AFA, Li X, Yang K. Association between ultra-processed foods consumption and the risk of hypertension: An umbrella review of systematic reviews. Hellenic J Cardiol 2024; 76:99-109. [PMID: 37543089 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several systematic reviews (SRs) have investigated the association between ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and the risk of hypertension in various populations. However, the quality of the evidence remains unclear. This umbrella review was thus conducted to fill this gap. METHODS We searched for SRs with and without meta-analyses comparing high UPF versus low UPF consumption on the risk of hypertension in the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science from inception to August 2022. This study was registered in PROSPERO (No. CRD42022352934). The A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) tool and the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis 2009 (PRISMA 2009) statement were used to evaluate the methodological and reporting quality of the included SRs. Stata 15/SE was used to reanalyse the data using the random-effects model, and the risk of bias of observational studies from included SRs was reassessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) tool. The certainty of the evidence body was assessed using the GRADE recommendation. RESULTS Seven SRs were included in the umbrella review. Among them, nine observational studies (5 cross-sectional and 4 cohort studies), whose available data were resynthesised using meta-analysis. The methodological and reporting quality of the included SRs were relatively poor. The meta-analysis results revealed suggestive evidence of an association between high UPF consumption and the incidence of hypertension (odds ratio: 1.23, 95% confidence interval: 1.11 to 1.37, p < 0.001, 95% prediction interval: 0.92 to 1.64, critically low certainty) compared to low UPF consumption. CONCLUSION High UPF consumption is associated with an increased risk of hypertension. However, well-conducted SRs, including high-quality prospective cohort studies, are needed to further verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wang
- Health Technology Assessment Center, Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Cuncun Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Health Technology Assessment Center, Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fenfen E
- Health Technology Assessment Center, Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | | | - Xiuxia Li
- Health Technology Assessment Center, Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Kehu Yang
- Health Technology Assessment Center, Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Chaturvedi A, Zhu A, Gadela NV, Prabhakaran D, Jafar TH. Social Determinants of Health and Disparities in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases. Hypertension 2024; 81:387-399. [PMID: 38152897 PMCID: PMC10863660 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
High blood pressure causes over 10 million preventable deaths annually globally. Populations in low- and middle-income countries suffer the most, experiencing increased uncontrolled blood pressure and cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths. Despite improvements in high-income countries, disparities persist, notably in the United States, where Black individuals face up to 4× higher CVD mortality than White individuals. Social determinants of health encompass complex, multidimensional factors linked to an individual's birthplace, upbringing, activities, residence, workplaces, socioeconomic and environmental structures, and significantly affect health outcomes, including hypertension and CVD. This review explored how social determinants of health drive disparities in hypertension and related CVD morbidity from a socioecological and life course perspective. We present evidence-based strategies, emphasizing interventions tailored to specific community needs and cross-sector collaboration to address health inequalities rooted in social factors, which are key elements toward achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 3.4 for reducing premature CVD mortality by 30% by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chaturvedi
- Georgetown University, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (A.C.)
| | - Anqi Zhu
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore (A.Z., T.H.J.)
| | | | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India (D.P.)
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India (D.P.)
| | - Tazeen H. Jafar
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore (A.Z., T.H.J.)
- Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (T.H.J.)
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC (T.H.J.)
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Kim L, Choi YH, Huh DA, Moon KW. Associations of minimally processed and ultra-processed food intakes with cardiovascular health in Korean adults: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI), 2013-2015. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41370-024-00646-1. [PMID: 38307938 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although recent studies have suggested the adverse effects of processed foods on cardiovascular disease, few studies have been conducted on the effects of food processing on cardiovascular health (CVH) in Koreans. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the associations of minimally processed foods (MPF) and ultra-processed foods (UPF) intakes with CVH. METHODS We used the data of 6945 adults (≥19) from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. MPF and UPF intakes were based on the NOVA food classification. Using Life's simple 7 (LS7) proposed by the American Heart Association, the CVH indicator was estimated as the sum (0-12) of the scores of six components. Multiple linear and multinomial logistic regressions were used to estimate the associations between processed food intakes and CVH. RESULTS The mean (standard error) of MPF and UPF intake was 61.28 (0.28) and 20.27 (0.24) %kcal/day, respectively. After adjusting for sex, age, household income, educational attainment, family history of CVD, and stress, we found significant positive associations between MPF intake and CVH (p value < 0.001), while associations between UPF intake and CVH were significantly negative (p value < 0.001). Moreover, the magnitude of the observed association was more distinctive in females (p-interaction < 0.01) and with increasing age (p-interaction < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A high intake of MPF is associated with improved CVH, while a high intake of UPF is associated with poorer CVH in Korean adults. Therefore, public health policies should be established to promote the choice of less processed foods to improve CVH among South Korean adults. IMPACT STATEMENT In modern society, processed foods have become ubiquitous and South Korea's consumption of processed foods is very high. This study had shown that the more processed a food is, the more negative impact it can have on cardiovascular health. Therefore, researching the effects of processed foods on the human body can increase understanding of population health and aid in the development of prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lita Kim
- Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
- BK21 FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health System, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Choi
- Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
- BK21 FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health System, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Da-An Huh
- Institute of Health Sciences, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
| | - Kyong Whan Moon
- BK21 FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health System, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
- School of Health and Environmental Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
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El-Yazbi AF, Elrewiny MA, Habib HM, Eid AH, Elzahhar PA, Belal ASF. Thermogenic Modulation of Adipose Depots: A Perspective on Possible Therapeutic Intervention with Early Cardiorenal Complications of Metabolic Impairment. Mol Pharmacol 2023; 104:187-194. [PMID: 37567782 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.123.000704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications of diabetes and obesity remain a major cause for morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite significant advances in the pharmacotherapy of metabolic disease, the available approaches do not prevent or slow the progression of complications. Moreover, a majority of patients present with significant vascular involvement at early stages of dysfunction prior to overt metabolic changes. The lack of disease-modifying therapies affects millions of patients globally, causing a massive economic burden due to these complications. Significantly, adipose tissue inflammation was implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and obesity. Specifically, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT) depots influence cardiovascular and renal structure and function. Accumulating evidence implicates localized PVAT/PRAT inflammation as the earliest response to metabolic impairment leading to cardiorenal dysfunction. Increased mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression and function lead to PVAT/PRAT hypoxia and inflammation as well as vascular, cardiac, and renal dysfunction. As UCP1 function remains an undruggable target so far, modulation of the augmented UCP1-mediated PVAT/PRAT thermogenesis constitutes a lucrative target for drug development to mitigate early cardiorenal involvement. This can be achieved either by subtle targeted reduction in UCP-1 expression using innovative proteolysis activating chimeric molecules (PROTACs) or by supplementation with cyclocreatine phosphate, which augments the mitochondrial futile creatine cycling and thus decreases UCP1 activity, enhances the efficiency of oxygen use, and reduces hypoxia. Once developed, these molecules will be first-in-class therapeutic tools to directly interfere with and reverse the earliest pathology underlying cardiac, vascular, and renal dysfunction accompanying the early metabolic deterioration. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Adipose tissue dysfunction plays a major role in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases and their complications. Although mitochondrial alterations are common in metabolic impairment, it was only recently shown that the early stages of metabolic challenge involve inflammatory changes in select adipose depots associated with increased uncoupling protein 1 thermogenesis and hypoxia. Manipulating this mode of thermogenesis can help mitigate the early inflammation and the consequent cardiorenal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.F.E.-Y.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (P.A.E., A.S.F.B.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Research and Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt (A.F.E.-Y., M.A.E., H.M.H.); and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Mohamed A Elrewiny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.F.E.-Y.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (P.A.E., A.S.F.B.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Research and Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt (A.F.E.-Y., M.A.E., H.M.H.); and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Hosam M Habib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.F.E.-Y.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (P.A.E., A.S.F.B.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Research and Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt (A.F.E.-Y., M.A.E., H.M.H.); and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.F.E.-Y.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (P.A.E., A.S.F.B.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Research and Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt (A.F.E.-Y., M.A.E., H.M.H.); and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Perihan A Elzahhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.F.E.-Y.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (P.A.E., A.S.F.B.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Research and Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt (A.F.E.-Y., M.A.E., H.M.H.); and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
| | - Ahmed S F Belal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.F.E.-Y.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (P.A.E., A.S.F.B.), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Research and Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt (A.F.E.-Y., M.A.E., H.M.H.); and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.)
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10
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Valdés-Badilla P, Guzmán-Muñoz E, Herrera-Valenzuela T, Branco BHM, Hernandez-Martinez J, Nobari H. Impact of adapted taekwondo vs. multicomponent training on health status in independent older women: a randomized controlled trial. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1236402. [PMID: 37886049 PMCID: PMC10598459 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1236402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study, called the TKD and Aging Project, aimed to analyze and compare the effects of an adapted taekwondo program concerning multicomponent training on blood pressure, morphological variables, food consumption frequency, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), physical fitness, handgrip strength, and postural balance in independent older women. A randomized controlled trial study was conducted with parallel groups for 8 weeks (24 sessions of 60 min each), employing a double-blind design and incorporating repeated measures. Twenty-eight older women initially participated in the intervention. Three participants were excluded because they did not participate in the re-assessments. Thus, 14 older women from the adapted taekwondo group (TKD; age: 62.86 ± 2.38 years) and 11 from the multicomponent training group (MCT; age: 63.18 ± 1.94 years) participated in the final analysis. A two-factor mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) model with repeated measures was performed to measure the time × group effect. The TKD showed significant improvements in the mental health (p = 0.024; ES = 0.91) and general health (p < 0.001; ES = 0.75) dimensions of the HRQoL, as well as in the chair stand (p = 0.001; ES = 1.18), arm curl (p < 0.001; ES = 2.10), 2-min step (p < 0.001; ES = 1.73), and chair sit-and-reach (p = 0.001; ES = 0.91) tests. Additionally, it showed a significant reduction in postural balance for the eyes-closed condition in the center of the pressure area (p = 0.021; ES = 0.89), mean velocity (p = 0.004; ES = 0.79), and mediolateral velocity (p < 0.001; ES = 1.26). However, the MCT showed significant increases in the general health (p = 0.013; ES = 0.95) dimension of the HRQoL and a significant reduction (p = 0.039; ES = 0.28) in the mediolateral velocity of postural balance for the eyes-closed condition. Multiple comparisons showed that the TKD scored significantly higher in the chair stand (p = 0.017; ES = 1.79), arm curl (p = 0.003; ES = 1.77), and 2-min step (p = 0.018; ES = 0.91) tests than the MCT. Compared to multicomponent training, taekwondo improves postural balance and provides better benefits in terms of physical fitness and HRQoL for older women. Therefore, it is possible to recommend it as a safe physical activity strategy, as long as it is well-dosed, since it showed high adherence to intervention in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Sports Coach Career, School of Education, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Eduardo Guzmán-Muñoz
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca, Chile
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela
- Department of Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Jordan Hernandez-Martinez
- Programa de Investigación en Deporte, Sociedad y Buen Vivir, Universidad de los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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11
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Cartwright Y, Tangney C, Ruppar T, Epting SM, Jenkins L, Julion W, Rothschild S, Zimmermann L, Avery E, Olinger T, Suzuki S, Lynch E. Rationale and design of the Heart-to-Heart study: A church-based intervention to reduce blood pressure in African Americans. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 130:107213. [PMID: 37127255 PMCID: PMC10330430 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Heart-to-Heart (H2H) is a church-based behavioral cluster randomized trial to measure the effectiveness of a lifestyle education program for reducing blood pressure (BP) in African American adults with uncontrolled BP. Design and implementation of this study were informed by our ALIVE pilot study conducted with church pastors and leaders using a community-based participatory research methodology. The current study employs a cross-over design in which all participants receive two 6-month programs in different orders: the intervention arm receives the H2H program first, followed by a financial education program, and the comparator arm receives the programs in the reverse order. Approximately 34 churches will be randomized with the aim of including at least 272 participants across churches. The H2H program consists of 24 weekly dietitian-led diet and lifestyle virtual education sessions, 12 Bible studies taught by the church pastor reinforcing positive dietary behaviors from a biblical perspective, daily self-monitoring of BP, and, as needed, one-on-one support from a community health worker to assist with medication adherence. The Money Smart program consists of 14 financial education sessions and 12 Bible studies teaching the biblical basis of good financial management over a 6-month period. The primary outcome measure is systolic BP at 6 months with a follow-up at 12 months. Secondary outcome measures include medication adherence, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet adherence, self-efficacy for hypertension self-care, social support for eating a healthy diet, hypertension and nutrition knowledge, beliefs about medicines, barriers to medication use, depression, and financial knowledge and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Cartwright
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 W. Jackson Blvd, Suite 302, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America.
| | - Christy Tangney
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 W. Jackson Blvd, Suite 302, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Todd Ruppar
- Department of Adult Health and Gerontological Nursing, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina Ave., Suite 1080, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Steve M Epting
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 W. Jackson Blvd, Suite 302, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America; Hope Community Church, 5900 W. Iowa Street, Chicago, IL 60651, United States of America
| | - LaDawne Jenkins
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 W. Jackson Blvd, Suite 302, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Wrenetha Julion
- Department of Women, Children & Family Nursing, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S. Paulina Ave., Suite 1080, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Steve Rothschild
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 W. Jackson Blvd, Suite 302, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Laura Zimmermann
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 W. Jackson Blvd, Suite 302, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Avery
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 W. Jackson Blvd, Suite 302, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Tami Olinger
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 W. Jackson Blvd, Suite 302, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Sumihiro Suzuki
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 W. Jackson Blvd, Suite 302, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Lynch
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 W. Jackson Blvd, Suite 302, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
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12
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Grant WB, Al Anouti F, Boucher BJ, Fakhoury HMA, Moukayed M, Pilz S, Al-Daghri NM. Evidence That Increasing Serum 25(OH)D Concentrations to 30 ng/mL in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates Could Greatly Improve Health Outcomes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11040994. [PMID: 37189612 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11040994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the potential protective effects of vitamin D against chronic diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, autoimmune diseases, cancers, cardiovascular disease (ischaemic heart disease and stroke), type 2 diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, stroke, and infectious diseases such as acute respiratory tract diseases, COVID-19, influenza, and pneumonia, as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes. The respective evidence is based on ecological and observational studies, randomized controlled trials, mechanistic studies, and Mendelian randomization studies. However, randomized controlled trials on vitamin D supplementation have largely failed to show benefits, probably due to poor design and analysis. In this work, we aim to use the best available evidence on the potential beneficial effects of vitamin D to estimate the expected reduction in incidence and mortality rates of vitamin D-related diseases in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates if minimum serum 25(OH)D concentrations were to be raised to 30 ng/mL. Estimated reductions by 25% for myocardial infarction incidence, 35% for stroke incidence, 20 to 35% for cardiovascular disease mortality, and 35% for cancer mortality rates depicted a promising potential for raising serum 25(OH)D. Methods to increase serum 25(OH)D concentrations at the population level could include food fortification with vitamin D3, vitamin D supplementation, improved dietary vitamin D intake, and sensible sun exposure.
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13
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Maniero C, Lopuszko A, Papalois KB, Gupta A, Kapil V, Khanji MY. Non-pharmacological factors for hypertension management: a systematic review of international guidelines. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:17-33. [PMID: 35947982 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle modifications are one of the cornerstones of hypertension prevention and treatment. We aimed to systematically review hypertension guidelines on their recommendations on non-pharmacological factors including lifestyle interventions, to highlight strength of evidence, similarities, and differences. This systematic review was registered with the international Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021288815). Publications in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases over 10 years since January 2010 to June 2020 were identified. We also included the search from websites of organizations responsible for guidelines development. Two reviewers screened the titles and abstracts to identify relevant guidelines. Two reviewers independently assessed rigour of guideline development using the AGREE II instrument, and one reviewer extracted recommendations. Of the identified guidelines, 10 showed good rigour of development (AGREE II ≥ 60%) and were included in the systematic review. The guidelines were consistent in most recommendations (reduced salt intake, weight, dietary patterns, increased physical activity and smoking cessation, and limiting alcohol intake). Some areas of disagreement were identified, regarding recommendations on novel psychological and environmental factors such as stress or air pollution, alcohol intake thresholds, meat, coffee and tea consumption and refined sugars. Current guidelines agree on the importance of lifestyle in the treatment and prevention of hypertension. Consensus on smoking cessation, limited salt intake, increased physical activity support their integration in management of hypertensive patients and in public health measurements in general population as preventative measurements. Further research into the role of environmental and psychological factors may help clarify future recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Maniero
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK.,NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Aleksandra Lopuszko
- NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Kyriaki-Barbara Papalois
- NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ajay Gupta
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK.,NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Vikas Kapil
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK.,NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Mohammed Y Khanji
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK.,NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.,Newham University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E13 8SL, UK
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14
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Wang M, Du X, Huang W, Xu Y. Ultra-processed Foods Consumption Increases the Risk of Hypertension in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Am J Hypertens 2022; 35:892-901. [PMID: 35750049 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effect of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) consumption on health has attracted widespread attention in recent years. However, the relationship between UPFs consumption and hypertension is unclear. This meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the above association. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for all relevant studies published up to 31 January 2022 without language limitation. The random-effects model was selected to pool the effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Nine observational studies involving 111,594 participants were included. Results from this meta-analysis showed that higher UPFs consumption significantly increased the risk of hypertension (odds ratio: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.37; P = 0.034). Furthermore, analyses were performed based on gender, study design, exposure assessment, outcome assessment, body mass index, energy intake, and physical activity, which suggested that the results remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that UPFs might have detrimental effects on the incidence of hypertension in the general population. Although current evidence is limited, it cannot be denied that reducing consumption of UPFs may contribute to decrease the risk of chronic noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyi Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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15
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Maternal Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods-Rich Diet and Perinatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153242. [PMID: 35956418 PMCID: PMC9370797 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF)-rich diets represents a potential threat to human health. Considering maternal diet adequacy during pregnancy is a major determinant for perinatal health outcomes, this study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze studies investigating the association between maternal consumption of a UPF-rich diet and perinatal outcomes. Conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, five electronic databases and gray literature using Google Scholar and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global were searched up to 31 May 2022. No restrictions were applied on language and publication date. Two reviewers independently conducted the study selection and data extraction process. Meta-analysis was conducted according to the random-effects model. In total, 61 studies were included in the systematic review and the overall population comprised 698,803 women from all gestational trimesters. Meta-analysis of cohort studies showed that maternal consumption of UPF-rich diets was associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (odds ratio (OR): 1.48; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17, 1.87) and preeclampsia (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.42). Neonatal outcomes showed no association. The overall GRADE quality of the evidence for the associations was very low. The findings highlight the need to monitor and reduce UPF consumption, specifically during the gestational period, as a strategy to prevent adverse perinatal outcomes.
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The Effect of Sea Salt with Low Sodium Content on Dough Rheological Properties and Bread Quality. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the addition of sea salt with low sodium content (SS) in a refined wheat flour at the levels of 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9% 1.2% and 1.5% on the rheological properties of the dough during mixing, extension, pasting and fermentation and the bread quality in terms of bread physical properties, crumb and crust color, texture and sensory characteristics. According to the data we obtained, the SS presented a strengthening effect on the dough network by increasing its stability, dough development time, energy and resistance. Moreover, the SS addition resulted in an increase in dough extensibility, to a delay of the gelatinization process and an increase of the falling number value. The bakery products obtained with the SS were of a higher quality compared to the control sample, presenting better physical and textural characteristics, a darker color and being more appreciated by consumers with the increased level of SS addition in the wheat flour. According to the sodium content from the bread recipe, the bread samples obtained may be classified as products with a very low sodium content of up to a 0.6% SS addition in the wheat flour or with a low sodium content if at least 0.9% SS is contained in the bread recipe.
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