1
|
Luo C, Duan J, Zhong R, Liu L, Gao Q, Liu X, Chen L, Zhang H. In vitro fermentation characteristics of different types of fiber-rich ingredients by pig fecal inoculum. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:5296-5304. [PMID: 38308576 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary fibers with varying physicochemical properties have different fermentation characteristics, which may differently impact host health. The present study aimed to determine the fermentation characteristics including gas production kinetics, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production and microbial composition of different fibrous ingredients using in vitro fermentation by fecal microbiota. RESULTS Sugar beet pule (SBP), wheat bran (WB), dried corn distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), rice bran (RB) and alfalfa meal (AM) were selected to fermentation in vitro for 36 h. The results showed that SBP had the greatest gas production. SBP had the highest in vitro dry matter fermentability (IVDMF) and production of acetate, propionate and total SCFAs, followed by WB, which were all greater than DDGS, AM and RB. The alpha-diversity was higher in the DDGS, AM and RB groups than in the WB and SBP groups. Differences in microbial community composition were observed among groups. The relative abundance of Treponema was highest in WB group. RB group showed lower Prevotella abundance than other groups but had higher Succinivibrio abundance. Interestingly, the Lactobacillus reached the highest abundances in the DDGS group. Correlation analysis indicated that the relative abundance of Treponema and Prevotella was positively associated with the gas production, IVDMF and SCFAs, whereas norank_f_Muribaculaceae, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Lysinibacillus and Succinivibrio were the opposite. CONCLUSION Collectively, WB and SBP were fermented rapidly by fecal microbiota compared to DDGS, AM and RB. Different fiber sources have different fiber compositions and fermentation properties that affect the microbial compositins and SCFAs production. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengzeng Luo
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiujun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingtao Gao
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelan Liu
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huangfu W, Cao S, Li S, Zhang S, Liu M, Liu B, Zhu X, Cui Y, Wang Z, Zhao J, Shi Y. In vitro and in vivo fermentation models to study the function of dietary fiber in pig nutrition. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:314. [PMID: 38683435 PMCID: PMC11058960 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The importance of dietary fiber (DF) in animal diets is increasing with the advancement of nutritional research. DF is fermented by gut microbiota to produce metabolites, which are important in improving intestinal health. This review is a systematic review of DF in pig nutrition using in vitro and in vivo models. The fermentation characteristics of DF and the metabolic mechanisms of its metabolites were summarized in an in vitro model, and it was pointed out that SCFAs and gases are the important metabolites connecting DF, gut microbiota, and intestinal health, and they play a key role in intestinal health. At the same time, some information about host-microbe interactions could have been improved through traditional animal in vivo models, and the most direct feedback on nutrients was generated, confirming the beneficial effects of DF on sow reproductive performance, piglet intestinal health, and growing pork quality. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of different fermentation models were compared. In future studies, it is necessary to flexibly combine in vivo and in vitro fermentation models to profoundly investigate the mechanism of DF on the organism in order to promote the development of precision nutrition tools and to provide a scientific basis for the in-depth and rational utilization of DF in animal husbandry. KEY POINTS: • The fermentation characteristics of dietary fiber in vitro models were reviewed. • Metabolic pathways of metabolites and their roles in the intestine were reviewed. • The role of dietary fiber in pigs at different stages was reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Huangfu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shixi Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shouren Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shuhang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Boshuai Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yalei Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Zhichang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Yinghua Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, No.15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China.
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Boonprakob R, Vimolmangkang S, Tummaruk P. Impacts of supplementing Cannabis sativa byproducts during the transition period on behaviour, feed consumption, constipation levels, colostrum production and piglet performance in hyperprolific sows. Theriogenology 2024; 215:272-280. [PMID: 38103404 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In the modern swine industry, inflammation and pain in sows after farrowing represent a crucial animal welfare concern. Cannabis sativa, a medicinal plant, has analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and is rich in fibre. The objective of this study is to examine the impacts of supplementing sows with Cannabis sativa byproducts during transition periods (7 days before and after farrowing) on various aspects including postpartum behaviour, feed intake, constipation, farrowing duration, colostrum yield and piglet performance. The experiment involved a total of 100 Landrace × Yorkshire sows. The sows were distributed according to parity numbers into two groups, i.e., control (n = 54) and treatment (n = 46). The control group was provided with a lactation diet at 3.0-3.5 kg per day for a period of 7 days before and after farrowing. The treatment groups received the same quantity of the diet but with an additional supplementation of 150 g/d of Cannabis sativa byproduct. The byproduct was analysed and contained 0.24 % (w/w) cannabidiol (CBD), resulting in a daily intake of 360 mg of CBD per sow. The conventional lactational diet had a dietary fibre content of 4.3 %, whereas the diet supplemented with Cannabis sativa byproduct had a higher dietary fibre content of 16.9 %. Video cameras were used to observe and document the behaviour of sows within the initial 24 h after farrowing. The duration in which sows engaged in activities such as sleeping, sitting, standing, feeding and nursing their piglets was quantified. Additionally, the rectal temperature of the sows was measured, and a temperature equal to or exceeding 39.5 °C was considered indicative of fever. The faecal score of the sows was assessed, and a faecal score of ≤2 was classified as constipation. On the third day postpartum, the proportion of sows with fever in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group (20.0 % and 38.9 % respectively, P = 0.051). Sows receiving supplementation with Cannabis sativa byproducts exhibited increased durations of standing and feeding compared to those in the control group (P < 0.05). Notably, overall, sows without constipation issues spent more time consuming feed than those experiencing constipation (P = 0.006). The prevalence of constipation was significantly lower in the treatment group compared to the control group (17.4 % and 81.5 %, respectively, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the postpartum sows demonstrated increased feed intake following supplementation with Cannabis sativa byproducts (P < 0.05). Sow colostrum yield, piglet colostrum intake, piglet mortality and other piglet traits did not differ between the control and treatment groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing Cannabis sativa byproducts during the transition periods in peri-parturient sows under tropical conditions resulted in a reduction in constipation issues and improved sow activities, such as increased time spent standing and consuming feed within the first 24 h postpartum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafa Boonprakob
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Department of Quality Assurance and Animal Health Office, Livestock Production Betagro Group, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Sornkanok Vimolmangkang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Research Cluster for Cannabis and Its Natural Substances, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Padet Tummaruk
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Centre of Excellence in Swine Reproduction, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Y, Rui B, Ze X, Liu Y, Yu D, Liu Y, Li Z, Xi Y, Ning X, Lei Z, Yuan J, Li L, Zhang X, Li W, Deng Y, Yan J, Li M. Sialic acid-based probiotic intervention in lactating mothers improves the neonatal gut microbiota and immune responses by regulating sialylated milk oligosaccharide synthesis via the gut-breast axis. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2334967. [PMID: 38630006 PMCID: PMC11028031 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2334967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are vital milk carbohydrates that help promote the microbiota-dependent growth and immunity of infants. Sialic acid (SA) is a crucial component of sialylated milk oligosaccharides (S-MOs); however, the effects of SA supplementation in lactating mothers on S-MO biosynthesis and their breastfed infants are unknown. Probiotic intervention during pregnancy or lactation demonstrates promise for modulating the milk glycobiome. Here, we evaluated whether SA and a probiotic (Pro) mixture could increase S-MO synthesis in lactating mothers and promote the microbiota development of their breastfed neonates. The results showed that SA+Pro intervention modulated the gut microbiota and 6'-SL contents in milk of maternal rats more than the SA intervention, which promoted Lactobacillus reuteri colonization in neonates and immune development. Deficient 6'-SL in the maternal rat milk of St6gal1 knockouts (St6gal1-/-) disturbed intestinal microbial structures in their offspring, thereby impeding immune tolerance development. SA+Pro intervention in lactating St6gal1± rats compromised the allergic responses of neonates by promoting 6'-SL synthesis and the neonatal gut microbiota. Our findings from human mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10A) indicated that the GPR41-PI3K-Akt-PPAR pathway helped regulate 6'-SL synthesis in mammary glands after SA+Pro intervention through the gut - breast axis. We further validated our findings using a human-cohort study, confirming that providing SA+Pro to lactating Chinese mothers increased S-MO contents in their breast milk and promoted gut Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. colonization in infants, which may help enhance immune responses. Collectively, our findings may help alter the routine supplementation practices of lactating mothers to modulate milk HMOs and promote the development of early-life gut microbiota and immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yushuang Wang
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Binqi Rui
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaolei Ze
- Microbiome Research and Application Center, BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Da Yu
- The Third Ward of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Chunliu District, Dalian Women and Children Medical Center (Group), Dalian, China
| | - Yinhui Liu
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Xi
- Microbiome Research and Application Center, BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xixi Ning
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zengjie Lei
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jieli Yuan
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liang Li
- Microbiome Research and Application Center, BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuguang Zhang
- Microbiome Research and Application Center, BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yanjie Deng
- The Third Ward of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Chunliu District, Dalian Women and Children Medical Center (Group), Dalian, China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jo H, Kim BG. Effects of dietary fiber in gestating sow diets - A review. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:1619-1631. [PMID: 37641826 PMCID: PMC10623041 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review was to provide an overview of the effects of dietary fiber (DF) on reproductive performance in gestating sows. Dietary fibers have been suggested to modulate microbiota in the intestine and the immune system of gestating sows and to improve gut health. Thus, DF may help alleviate the adverse effects of the stressful production cycle of gestating sows. These benefits may subsequently result in improved reproductive performance of sows. Previous studies have reported changes in microbiota by providing gestating sows with DF, and the responses of microbiota varied depending on the source of DF. The responses by providing DF to gestating sows were inconsistent for antioxidative capacity, hormonal response, and inflammatory response among the studies. The effects of DF on reproductive performance were also inconsistent among the previous studies. Potential reasons contributing to these inconsistent results would include variability in reproductive performance data, insufficient replication, influence of other nutrients contained in the DF diets, characteristics of DF, and experimental periods. The present meta-analysis suggests that increasing the total DF concentration by 10 percentage units (e.g., 12% to 22% as-fed basis) in gestating sow diets compared to the control group improves the litter born alive by 0.49 pigs per litter. However, based on the present review, questions remain regarding the benefits of fibers in gestating sow diets. Further research is warranted to clarify the mode of action of fibers and the association with subsequent reproductive performance in gestating sows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoong Jo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Beob Gyun Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma T, Huang W, Li Y, Jin H, Kwok LY, Sun Z, Zhang H. Probiotics alleviate constipation and inflammation in late gestating and lactating sows. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:70. [PMID: 37741814 PMCID: PMC10517943 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00434-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Constipation and systemic inflammation are common in late pregnant and lactating sows, which cause health problems like uteritis, mastitis, dystocia, or even stillbirth, further influencing piglets' survival and growth. Probiotic supplementation can improve such issues, but the beneficial mechanism of relieving constipation and enhancing gut motility remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanism of probiotic supplementation in drinking water to late pregnant sows on constipation, inflammation, and piglets' growth performance. Seventy-four sows were randomly allocated to probiotic (n = 36) and control (n = 38) groups. Probiotic treatment significantly relieved sow constipation, enhanced serum IL-4 and IL-10 levels while reducing serum IL-1β, IL-12p40, and TNF-α levels, and increased piglet daily gain and weaning weight. Furthermore, probiotic administration reshaped the sow gut bacteriome and phageome structure/diversity, accompanied by increases in some potentially beneficial bacteria. At 113 days of gestation, the probiotic group was enriched in several gut microbial bioactive metabolites, multiple carbohydrate-active enzymes that degrade pectin and starch, fecal butyrate and acetate, and some serum metabolites involved in vitamin and amino acid metabolism. Our integrated correlation network analysis revealed that the alleviation of constipation and inflammation was associated with changes in the sow gut bacteriome, phageome, bioactive metabolic potential, and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ma
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Weiqiang Huang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yalin Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hao Jin
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Lai-Yu Kwok
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Langendijk PL, Soede NM. Physiology and management of the peri-parturient sow in the context of changing production conditions. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58 Suppl 2:84-92. [PMID: 37212671 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Genetic selection has resulted in a considerable increase in litter size, paralleled by an increase in farrowing duration and perinatal mortality. This paper describes some of the physiological changes around farrowing, and how genetic trends and sow management interact with these. Compromised farrowing can be related to nutritional management, or to housing conditions and handling of periparturient sows. Transition diets, for example, can be formulated to support calcium homeostasis and alleviate constipation. The opportunity to express natural behaviours and minimize stress around farrowing can further optimize farrowing conditions and reduce piglet mortality. Loose farrowing systems are part of the answer to the challenges around farrowing; however, current systems do not perform consistently. In conclusion, increased farrowing duration and increased perinatal mortality may to some extent be inevitably related to trends in pig production; however, they can be improved by nutritional measures, housing conditions and farrowing management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - N M Soede
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wen JJ, Li MZ, Nie SP. Dietary supplementation with resistant starch contributes to intestinal health. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2023; 26:334-340. [PMID: 37057658 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Resistant starch has received much attention recently as a healthy carbohydrate component of the diet. Resistant starch is not digested in the small intestine and can thus affect the gut microbiota of the host because of its fermentability. This review summarizes the interactions along the resistant starch-gut microbiota-host axis to help understand the health effects of resistant starch. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies indicate that resistant starch can be a helpful dietary component for special disease states like diabetes, metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, constipation, and colitis. Its health effects are associated with modulation of the gut microbiota, and with gut microbes converting resistant starch into active and bioavailable metabolites that promote intestinal health. SUMMARY The results from human clinical trials and studies in animal models indicate that supplementation of the diet with resistant starch in different metabolic diseases help remodel gut microbiota, especially increasing short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, and produce bioactive metabolites like SCFA, bile acids, and amino acids responsible for a variety of health effects. The gut microbiota and microbial metabolites probably mediate the effects of resistant starch on intestinal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jeong JJ, Ganesan R, Jin YJ, Park HJ, Min BH, Jeong MK, Yoon SJ, Choi MR, Choi J, Moon JH, Min U, Lim JH, Lee DY, Han SH, Ham YL, Kim BY, Suk KT. Multi-strain probiotics alleviate loperamide-induced constipation by adjusting the microbiome, serotonin, and short-chain fatty acids in rats. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1174968. [PMID: 37333632 PMCID: PMC10272585 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1174968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal (GI) disorders worldwide. The use of probiotics to improve constipation is well known. In this study, the effect on loperamide-induced constipation by intragastric administration of probiotics Consti-Biome mixed with SynBalance® SmilinGut (Lactobacillus plantarum PBS067, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRH020, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BL050; Roelmi HPC), L. plantarum UALp-05 (Chr. Hansen), Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1 (Chr. Hansen), and Streptococcus thermophilus CKDB027 (Chong Kun Dang Bio) to rats was evaluated. To induce constipation, 5 mg/kg loperamide was intraperitoneally administered twice a day for 7 days to all groups except the normal control group. After inducing constipation, Dulcolax-S tablets and multi-strain probiotics Consti-Biome were orally administered once a day for 14 days. The probiotics were administered 0.5 mL at concentrations of 2 × 108 CFU/mL (G1), 2 × 109 CFU/mL (G2), and 2 × 1010 CFU/mL (G3). Compared to the loperamide administration group (LOP), the multi-strain probiotics not only significantly increased the number of fecal pellets but also improved the GI transit rate. The mRNA expression levels of serotonin- and mucin-related genes in the colons that were treated with the probiotics were also significantly increased compared to levels in the LOP group. In addition, an increase in serotonin was observed in the colon. The cecum metabolites showed a different pattern between the probiotics-treated groups and the LOP group, and an increase in short-chain fatty acids was observed in the probiotic-treated groups. The abundances of the phylum Verrucomicrobia, the family Erysipelotrichaceae and the genus Akkermansia were increased in fecal samples of the probiotic-treated groups. Therefore, the multi-strain probiotics used in this experiment were thought to help alleviate LOP-induced constipation by altering the levels of short-chain fatty acids, serotonin, and mucin through improvement in the intestinal microflora.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ju Jeong
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Disease, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Disease, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Jeong Jin
- R&D Center, Chong Kun Dang Healthcare, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Park
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Disease, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Hyun Min
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Disease, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyo Jeong
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Disease, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Yoon
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Disease, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ran Choi
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Disease, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Moon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Uigi Min
- R&D Center, Chong Kun Dang Healthcare, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Lim
- R&D Center, Chong Kun Dang Healthcare, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yup Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hak Han
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Lim Ham
- Department of Nursing, Daewon University College, Jecheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Yong Kim
- R&D Center, Chong Kun Dang Healthcare, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Suk
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Disease, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang X, Zhong X, Liu D, Cao H, Chen J, Wang Q, Xia Y, Zhang F. An empowerment-based, healthy dietary behavioral intervention to ameliorate functional constipation. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1043031. [PMID: 37051123 PMCID: PMC10083415 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1043031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo explore the boost effect on ameliorating functional constipation in elderly patients through empowerment-based, healthy dietary behavioral intervention.DesignIn this randomized parallel group study, elderly patients with functional constipation were recruited and assigned to the experimental and control groups at a ratio of 1:1. The control group received routine intervention. The experimental group received 3-month empowerment-based intervention. The results were evaluated based on the Healthy Lifestyle and Personal Control Questionnaire (HLPCQ) and Cleveland Clinic Constipation Score (CCS). GraphPad Prism (Version 9) software was used for the statistical analysis.SettingAs the world's population ages, functional constipation in the elderly has attracted widespread attention. The practical behavioral intervention to ameliorate constipation are worth exploring.ParticipantsSixty elderly patients with functional constipation.ResultsThe study results showed no significant difference in the baseline data between the two groups (P > 0.05). After the intervention, the scores of HLPCQ (77.90 ± 14.57 vs. 61.11 ± 13.64) and CCS (7.48 ± 3.73 vs. 9.70 ± 3.07) in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe results showed that empowerment-based intervention can effectively strengthen the healthy dietary behavior of elderly patients. Through patient empowerment, the subjective initiative and willingness to communicate were boosted in the experimental group. Their symptoms of functional constipation improved considerably better than in the control group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhong
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongsong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinyue Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanping Xia
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Zhang
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dai F, Lin T, Huang X, Shi X, Yang Y, Nong X, Zuo J, Liu H. Effects from supplementary feeding of bamboo powder in perinatal period on farrowing process, serum biochemical indexes, and fecal microbes of sows and offspring piglets. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1139625. [PMID: 37180231 PMCID: PMC10172644 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1139625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study was conducted to explore the effects of supplementary feeding of bamboo powder on the physical parameters of sows during the perinatal period of 7 days ± in parturition, including farrow duration, serum biochemical indexes, fecal physicochemical indexes, and microbial flora. Methods Thirty pregnant sows were randomly divided into three groups: the control group was fed a basal diet, TRE1 group and TRE2 group were fed a basal diet supplemented with 30 g d-1 and 60 g d-1 bamboo powder, respectively. Multiple parameters of sows and offspring piglets were determined. Results The contents of serum total cholesterol and triglyceride of sows in TRE2 group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The contents of serum malondialdehyde of sows in TRE2 and TRE1 groups were significantly lower than that in control group. The water content of sow feces in TRE2 group was significantly higher than that in control group, and the pH values of sows in TRE2 and TRE1 groups were significantly higher than that in control group. The richness index (Chao) of sow fecal bacterial community in TRE2 group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the Ace and Sobs indexes tended to be lower than those of the control group. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota in the feces of sows in TRE2 group was significantly lower than that of the control group, while that of Fusobacteriota in the feces of suckling piglets in TRE2 group tended to be lower than that of the control group. At the genus level, among the Top10 dominant bacteria, the relative abundance of Tissierella in the feces of sows in TRE2 group was significantly lower than that of the control group while that of Fusobacterium in the feces of suckling piglets in TRE2 group tended to be lower than that of the control group. The relative abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Terrisporobacter, Turicibacter, and Tissierella in the feces of sows in TRE2 group was significantly lower than that of TRE1 group (p < 0.05), while Lactobacillus tended to be higher than that of TRE1 group (p < 0.10). Discussion The results suggested that supplementary feeding 60 g d-1 bamboo powder could increase the water content in the feces of sows, reduce the oxidative damage, and tend to reduce the relative abundance of opportunistic pathogenic Fusobacterium for suckling piglets, while it reduced the fecal microbial diversity of sows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fawen Dai
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo Pest Control and Resource Development, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Fawen Dai,
| | - Tao Lin
- Guang’an Feed Industry Management Office, Guang’an, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Huang
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo Pest Control and Resource Development, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolin Shi
- Beijing Vica Group Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yaojun Yang
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo Pest Control and Resource Development, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang Nong
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo Pest Control and Resource Development, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianjun Zuo
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Beijing Vica Group Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|