1
|
Li YY, Madduri SS, Rezeli ET, Santos C, Freeman III H, Peng J, McRitchie SL, Pathmasiri W, Hursting SD, Sumner SJ, Stewart DA. Macronutrient-differential dietary pattern impacts on body weight, hepatic inflammation, and metabolism. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1356038. [PMID: 38868554 PMCID: PMC11168494 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1356038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity is a multi-factorial disease frequently associated with poor nutritional habits and linked to many detrimental health outcomes. Individuals with obesity are more likely to have increased levels of persistent inflammatory and metabolic dysregulation. The goal of this study was to compare four dietary patterns differentiated by macronutrient content in a postmenopausal model. Dietary patterns were high carbohydrate (HC), high fat (HF), high carbohydrate plus high fat (HCHF), and high protein (HP) with higher fiber. Methods Changes in body weight and glucose levels were measured in female, ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice after 15 weeks of feeding. One group of five mice fed the HCHF diet was crossed over to the HP diet on day 84, modeling a 21-day intervention. In a follow-up study comparing the HCHF versus HP dietary patterns, systemic changes in inflammation, using an 80-cytokine array and metabolism, by untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS)-based metabolomics were evaluated. Results Only the HF and HCHF diets resulted in obesity, shown by significant differences in body weights compared to the HP diet. Body weight gains during the two-diet follow-up study were consistent with the four-diet study. On Day 105 of the 4-diet study, glucose levels were significantly lower for mice fed the HP diet than for those fed the HC and HF diets. Mice switched from the HCHF to the HP diet lost an average of 3.7 grams by the end of the 21-day intervention, but this corresponded with decreased food consumption. The HCHF pattern resulted in dramatic inflammatory dysregulation, as all 80 cytokines were elevated significantly in the livers of these mice after 15 weeks of HCHF diet exposure. Comparatively, only 32 markers changed significantly on the HP diet (24 up, 8 down). Metabolic perturbations in several endogenous biological pathways were also observed based on macronutrient differences and revealed dysfunction in several nutritionally relevant biosynthetic pathways. Conclusion Overall, the HCHF diet promoted detrimental impacts and changes linked to several diseases, including arthritis or breast neoplasms. Identification of dietary pattern-specific impacts in this model provides a means to monitor the effects of disease risk and test interventions to prevent poor health outcomes through nutritional modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-yuan Li
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Supradeep S. Madduri
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Erika T. Rezeli
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Charlene Santos
- Animal Studies Core Lab, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Herman Freeman III
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Susan L. McRitchie
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Wimal Pathmasiri
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephen D. Hursting
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Susan J. Sumner
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Delisha A. Stewart
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bahramian H, Sherafatmanesh S, Asadi N, Bakhshi A, Hassan Eftekhari M, Ekramzadeh6comma M. Effects of single-dose and co-supplementation of vitamin D and omega-3 on metabolic profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: An RCT. Int J Reprod Biomed 2023; 21:541-550. [PMID: 37727395 PMCID: PMC10505700 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v21i7.13889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous medical condition with a cluster of metabolic and endocrine disorders including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hyperandrogenism. Objective The present study aimed to determine the effects of single-dose and co-supplementation of vitamin D (vit D) and omega-3 (O3) on anthropometric and several biochemical factors in women with PCOS. Materials and Methods In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 80 PCOS women referred to Shahid Motahhari Clinic, Shiraz, Iran, from April to October 2017 were studied in 4 groups (n = 20/each) for 8 wk. The placebo group received the placebo capsule (paraffin oil); 1 weekly and 2/daily; the vit D group received vit D (50,000 IU/weekly) + 2 placebo capsules daily, O3 group, 2, O3 capsules daily + 1 placebo capsule weekly, and vit D + O3 (50000 IU/weekly vit D + 2, O3 capsules daily). Before and after 8 wk of intervention, height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, homeostasis model of insulin resistance index, and sex hormone binding globulin were compared between groups. Results The significant reduction was detected in serum triglyceride (p = 0.002), TC (p = 0.04), fasting blood sugar (p = 0.02), insulin (p = 0.001), and homeostasis model of insulin resistance index (p = 0.001) concentrations in all vit D, O3, and vit D + O3 supplemented groups compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, in comparison with the placebo group, a significant increase was observed in serum sex hormone binding globulin levels after vit D, O3, and vit D + O3 treatments. Nevertheless, no significant changes were observed in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and anthropometric indices in all treated participants. Conclusion The current study indicated that single dose and co-supplementation of vit D and O3 for 8 wk was associated with beneficial effects on serum triglyceride, TC, insulin, and sex hormone binding globulin concentrations among women suffering from PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Bahramian
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sherafatmanesh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nasrin Asadi
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Bakhshi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Eftekhari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Ekramzadeh6comma
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Lundquist Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Association of dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with breast cancer risk in pre- and postmenopausal Chinese women. Menopause 2022; 29:932-943. [PMID: 35881925 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the associations between breast cancer risk and intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and/or n-3 PUFA subclasses in Chinese women, and determine whether these associations varied with menopausal status or clinical characteristics. METHODS A hospital-based case-control study including 1,589 cases and 1,621 age-frequency-matched controls was conducted. Dietary data were assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were obtained using multiple unconditional logistic regression models after controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS Higher intake of marine n-3 PUFAs and total n-3 PUFAs was associated with lower risk of breast cancer, with adjusted OR quartile 4 v.1 (95% confidence intervals) of 0.68 (0.55-0.84) and 0.56 (0.42-0.75), respectively. Dietary a-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid were also inversely associated with breast cancer risk, with adjusted ORs (95% confidence intervals) of 0.51 (0.38-0.70), 0.68 (0.55-0.84), 0.68 (0.55-0.85), and 0.76 (0.61-0.94), respectively. In stratified analyses, these inverse associations between risk and dietary n-3 PUFAs were more evident among premenopausal women and women with ER+, PR+ and ER+PR+ tumors. A decreased risk of breast cancer was significantly associated with increasing n-3 PUFA intake in obese/overweight women, but not in women of normal weight. There was a significant interaction between linoleic acid and marine n-3 PUFAs. CONCLUSIONS High intake of n-3 PUFAs and n-3 PUFA subtypes was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer, especially among premenopausal women and women with ER+ and/or PR+ subtype breast cancer.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ku HC, Cheng CF. Role of adipocyte browning in prostate and breast tumor microenvironment. Tzu Chi Med J 2022; 34:359-366. [PMID: 36578640 PMCID: PMC9791856 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_62_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) and breast cancer (BC) are the most common cancers in men and women, respectively, in developed countries. The increased incidence of PC and BC largely reflects an increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. In pathological conditions involving the development and progression of PC and BC, adipose tissue plays an important role via paracrine and endocrine signaling. The increase in the amount of local adipose tissue, specifically periprostatic adipose tissue, may be a key contributor to the PC pathobiology. Similarly, breast adipose tissue secretion affects various aspects of BC by influencing tumor progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and microenvironment. In this context, the role of white adipose tissue (WAT) has been extensively studied. However, the influence of browning of the WAT on the development and progression of PC and BC is unclear and has received less attention. In this review, we highlight that adipose tissue plays a vital role in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment in PC or BC and highlight the probable underlying mechanisms linking adipose tissue with PC or BC. We further discuss whether the browning of WAT could be a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PC and BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Ku
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan,Address for correspondence: Dr. Ching-Feng Cheng, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 289, Jianguo Road, Xindian District, New Taipei, Taiwan. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fabian CJ, Befort CA, Phillips TA, Nydegger JL, Kreutzjans AL, Powers KR, Metheny T, Klemp JR, Carlson SE, Sullivan DK, Zalles CM, Giles ED, Hursting SD, Hu J, Kimler BF. Change in Blood and Benign Breast Biomarkers in Women Undergoing a Weight-Loss Intervention Randomized to High-Dose ω-3 Fatty Acids versus Placebo. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2021; 14:893-904. [PMID: 34244155 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The inflammation-resolving and insulin-sensitizing properties of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acids have potential to augment effects of weight loss on breast cancer risk. In a feasibility study, 46 peri/postmenopausal women at increased risk for breast cancer with a body mass index (BMI) of 28 kg/m2 or greater were randomized to 3.25 g/day combined EPA and DHA (ω-3-FA) or placebo concomitantly with initiation of a weight-loss intervention. Forty-five women started the intervention. Study discontinuation for women randomized to ω-3-FA and initiating the weight-loss intervention was 9% at 6 months and thus satisfied our main endpoint, which was feasibility. Between baseline and 6 months significant change (P < 0.05) was observed in 12 of 25 serum metabolic markers associated with breast cancer risk for women randomized to ω-3-FA, but only four for those randomized to placebo. Weight loss (median of 10% for trial initiators and 12% for the 42 completing 6 months) had a significant impact on biomarker modulation. Median loss was similar for placebo (-11%) and ω-3-FA (-13%). No significant change between ω-3-FA and placebo was observed for individual biomarkers, likely due to sample size and effect of weight loss. Women randomized to ω-3-FA exhibiting more than 10% weight loss at 6 months showed greatest biomarker improvement including 6- and 12-month serum adiponectin, insulin, omentin, and C-reactive protein (CRP), and 12-month tissue adiponectin. Given the importance of a favorable adipokine profile in countering the prooncogenic effects of obesity, further evaluation of high-dose ω-3-FA during a weight-loss intervention in obese high-risk women should be considered. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: This study examines biomarkers of response that may be modulated by omega-3 fatty acids when combined with a weight-loss intervention. While focused on obese, postmenopausal women at high risk for development of breast cancer, the findings are applicable to other cancers studied in clinical prevention trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol J Fabian
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
| | - Christie A Befort
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Teresa A Phillips
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jennifer L Nydegger
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Amy L Kreutzjans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Kandy R Powers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Trina Metheny
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jennifer R Klemp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Susan E Carlson
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Debra K Sullivan
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Carola M Zalles
- Department of Pathology, Boca Raton Regional Hospital, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Erin D Giles
- Department of Nutrition, Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jinxiang Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Bruce F Kimler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang FL, Zhang XL, Yang M, Lin J, Yue YF, Li YD, Wang X, Shu Q, Jin HC. Prevalence and characteristics of mouse mammary tumor virus-like virus associated breast cancer in China. Infect Agent Cancer 2021; 16:47. [PMID: 34174934 PMCID: PMC8235620 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-021-00383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite extensive molecular epidemiological studies, the prevalence and characteristics of Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus-Like Virus (MMTV-LV) in Chinese women breast cancer are still unclear. Besides, the prevalence of MMTV-LV in women breast cancer tissue varies in different countries and its dependent factors remain inconclusive. METHODS In the first part of the study, a case-control study was performed. 119 breast cancer samples (84 from Northern China and 35 from Southern China) and 50 breast fibroadenoma specimens were collected from Chinese women patients. MMTV-like env sequence and the homology to MMTV env gene were analysed by semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We also explored the association of MMTV-LV prevalence with sample sources (Southern and Northern China) and patients' clinicopathological characteristics. To investigate the dependent factors of the prevalence of MMTV-LV in breast cancer worldwide, a meta-analysis was conducted in the second part of the study. RESULTS We found that the prevalence of MMTV-LV was much higher in breast cancer tissues (17.65%) than that in breast fibroadenoma specimens (4.00%) (P < 0.05). MMTV-LV prevalence in Chinese women breast cancer tissues was significantly different between Southern China (5.71%) and Northern China (22.62%) (P < 0.05). The prevalence of MMTV-LV also associates significantly with expression of HER2, but shows no significant correlation with other parameters. In the meta-analysis, we found that MMTV-LV prevalence in breast cancer tissue was dependent on the distribution of M. domesticus mouse (M. d), M. musculus mouse (M.m) and M.castaneus mouse (M.c) worldwide (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The distribution of house mice may be a crucial environmental factor that explains the geographic differences in human breast cancer incidence. Our findings may provide a potential avenue of prevention, diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Liang Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Binsheng Road 3333, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Zhang
- Electron Microscope Room, Medical School of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Binsheng Road 3333, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Second People's Hospital of Jande, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Fang Yue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Dan Li
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology, Key lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, East Qingchun Road 3, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology, Key lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, East Qingchun Road 3, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Binsheng Road 3333, Hangzhou, 310052, China. .,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Binsheng Road 3333, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| | - Hong-Chuan Jin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology, Key lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, East Qingchun Road 3, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Monk JM, Liddle DM, Hutchinson AL, Burns JL, Wellings H, Cartwright NM, Muller WJ, Power KA, Robinson LE, Ma DWL. Fish oil supplementation increases expression of mammary tumor apoptosis mediators and reduces inflammation in an obesity-associated HER-2 breast cancer model. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 95:108763. [PMID: 33965532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with inflammation and has been shown to increase breast cancer severity. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of fish oil (FO) supplementation in obesity-associated mammary tumorigenesis in the MMTV-neu(ndl)-YD5 mouse model of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positive BC. Female mice were fed one of three diets for 16 weeks: i) high fat diet [HF, % kacl: 41.2% lard, 18.7% corn oil (CO)], ii) an isocaloric HF plus menhaden FO diet (HF+FO, % kcal: 41.2 lard, 13.4% CO, 5.3% FO), iii) low fat diet (LF, % kcal: 4.7% lard, 6% CO). HF mice had increased body weight, visceral adipose weight and serum hormone concentrations (increased leptin and resistin; decreased adiponectin) versus LF, which was attenuated in the HF+FO group versus HF (P<.05). Compared to HF, tumor onset was delayed in HF+FO and LF mice (P<0.05). Compared to HF, HF+FO reduced mammary tumor multiplicity (-27%), tumor weight (-46%) and total tumor volume (-50%) (P<0.05). Additionally, HF+FO reduced mammary tumor multiplicity (-33%), tumor weight (-39%) and total tumor volume (-60%) versus LF. HF+FO improved mammary tumor apoptosis status with increased expression of pro-apoptotic Bad and decreased expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xLmediators versus HF (P<0.05). Additionally, HF+FO decreased tumor protein expression of activated Akt, NFκB p65 and STAT3, versus HF (P<0.05). Tumor mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators TNFα, IL-6 and leptin were reduced in HF+FO, whereas IL-10 expression was increased compared to HF (P<0.05). Collectively these results demonstrate the efficacy of FO supplementation for improving obesity-associated breast cancer outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Monk
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1.
| | - Danyelle M Liddle
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Amber L Hutchinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Jessie L Burns
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Hannah Wellings
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Nadia M Cartwright
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - William J Muller
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Krista A Power
- School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, Canada, K1H 8L1
| | - Lindsay E Robinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Iervolino M, Lepore E, Forte G, Laganà AS, Buzzaccarini G, Unfer V. Natural Molecules in the Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): An Analytical Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051677. [PMID: 34063339 PMCID: PMC8156462 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogenous disorder characterized by chronic ovulation dysfunction and hyperandrogenism. It is considered the most common endocrinological disorder, affecting up to 25% of women of reproductive age, and associated with long-term metabolic abnormalities predisposing to cardiovascular risk, such as insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, and systemic inflammation. PCOS is also characterized by elevated serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), causing a condition of hyperandrogenism and a consequent altered ratio between LH and the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Over the years, several different approaches have been proposed to alleviate PCOS symptoms. Supplementation with natural molecules such as inositols, resveratrol, flavonoids and flavones, vitamin C, vitamin E and vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids may contribute to overcoming PCOS pathological features, including the presence of immature oocyte, IR, hyperandrogenism, oxidative stress and inflammation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge about the efficacy of natural molecule supplementation in the management of PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Iervolino
- R&D Department, Lo.Li. Pharma Srl, 00156 Rome, Italy; (M.I.); (E.L.); (G.F.)
| | - Elisa Lepore
- R&D Department, Lo.Li. Pharma Srl, 00156 Rome, Italy; (M.I.); (E.L.); (G.F.)
| | - Gianpiero Forte
- R&D Department, Lo.Li. Pharma Srl, 00156 Rome, Italy; (M.I.); (E.L.); (G.F.)
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Filippo Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, 2100 Varese, Italy;
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00156 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Buzzaccarini
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Women and Children’s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Vittorio Unfer
- The Experts Group on Inositol in Basic and Clinical Research (EGOI), 00156 Rome, Italy
- Systems Biology Group Lab, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bustamante-Marin XM, Merlino JL, Devericks E, Carson MS, Hursting SD, Stewart DA. Mechanistic Targets and Nutritionally Relevant Intervention Strategies to Break Obesity-Breast Cancer Links. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:632284. [PMID: 33815289 PMCID: PMC8011316 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.632284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity has tripled since 1975. In the United States, the percentage of adults who are obese exceeds 42.5%. Individuals with obesity often display multiple metabolic perturbations, such as insulin resistance and persistent inflammation, which can suppress the immune system. These alterations in homeostatic mechanisms underlie the clinical parameters of metabolic syndrome, an established risk factor for many cancers, including breast cancer. Within the growth-promoting, proinflammatory milieu of the obese state, crosstalk between adipocytes, immune cells and breast epithelial cells occurs via obesity-associated hormones, angiogenic factors, cytokines, and other mediators that can enhance breast cancer risk and/or progression. This review synthesizes evidence on the biological mechanisms underlying obesity-breast cancer links, with emphasis on emerging mechanism-based interventions in the context of nutrition, using modifiable elements of diet alone or paired with physical activity, to reduce the burden of obesity on breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenna L. Merlino
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Emily Devericks
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Meredith S. Carson
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephen D. Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Delisha A. Stewart
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Story MJ. Zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D: An essential combination for prevention and treatment of cancers. Biochimie 2020; 181:100-122. [PMID: 33307154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and vitamin D are essential nutrients for health, maturation and general wellbeing. Extensive literature searches have revealed the widespread similarity in molecular biological properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D, and their similar anti-cancer properties, even though they have different modes of action. These three nutrients are separately essential for good health, especially in the aged. Zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D are inexpensive and safe as they are fundamentally natural and have the properties of correcting and inhibiting undesirable actions without disturbing the normal functions of cells or their extracellular environment. This review of the anticancer properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D is made in the context of the hallmarks of cancer. The anticancer properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D can therefore be used beneficially through combined treatment or supplementation. It is proposed that sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D is a necessary requirement during chemotherapy treatment and that clinical trials can have questionable integrity if this sufficiency is not checked and maintained during efficacy trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Story
- Story Pharmaceutics Pty Ltd, PO Box 6086, Linden Park, South Australia, 5065, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Komal F, Khan MK, Imran M, Ahmad MH, Anwar H, Ashfaq UA, Ahmad N, Masroor A, Ahmad RS, Nadeem M, Nisa MU. Impact of different omega-3 fatty acid sources on lipid, hormonal, blood glucose, weight gain and histopathological damages profile in PCOS rat model. J Transl Med 2020; 18:349. [PMID: 32928224 PMCID: PMC7491187 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 fatty acids (Ω-3 PUFAs) may help to improve health status in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) by reducing numerous metabolic disorders (insulin sensitivity, hyperinsulinemia, lipid profile, obesity and inflammation). To evaluate the current objective, 16 weeks (6 weeks of adjustment period followed by 10 weeks of collection period) research trial was planned to check the impact of different sources of Ω-3 PUFAs (synthetic Ω-3, flaxseed and fish oil) on nutrient digestibility, weight gain, productive (lipid profile, glucose and insulin), reproductive profile (progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estrogen, luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin) and histological study of ovarian tissues in Wistar female rats. METHODS Forty-five rats of 130 ± 10 g weight were divided into 5 groups, each having 9 rats: NC (negative control without PCOS), PC (positive control with PCOS), SO (synthetic omega-3 containing ALA, EPA and DHA), FO (flaxseed oil) and F (fish oil) fed at 300 mg/kg/orally/daily of these sources were added in the basal diets while PC and NC received only the basal diet. Food and water were offered ad libitum. PCOS was induced in the rats fed of PC, SO, FO and F diets group by single intramuscular injection of estradiol-valerate (4 mg/rat/IM). Body weight and blood glucose was recorded weekly. At 16th week of trial, blood samples were collected for lipid and hormonal analysis. Ovarian tissues were removed for pathological evaluation. Digestibility was measured by total collection method. RESULTS Cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins were reduced in SO, FO and F groups when compared with rats of PC group. However, increasing trend of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was found in same groups. The highest HDL (36.83 ± 0.72 mg/dL) was observed in rats fed F diet. In case of a hormonal profile, testosterone, LH and insulin levels showed a significant reduction after treatments. Blood glucose results showed significantly reducing trend in all the rats fed with Ω-3 PUFAs sources than PC from 5 to 10th week of trial. However, similar trend was noticed in rat's body weight at the end of 6th week. In ovarian morphology, different stages of follicles were observed in groups fed SO, FO and F diets. Nutrient digestibility in PCOS induced rats was remained non-significant. CONCLUSIONS The three sources of Ω-3 PUFAs had effective role in improving lipid and hormonal profile, reducing blood glucose, weight gain and histopathological damages in PCOS rats. However, fish oil source might be an innovative approach to cure PCOS via reducing the weight and metabolic anomalies due to EPA and DHA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiza Komal
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kamran Khan
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Haseeb Ahmad
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Nazir Ahmad
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Amna Masroor
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Rabia Shabir Ahmad
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Mahr Un Nisa
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gionfriddo G, Plastina P, Augimeri G, Catalano S, Giordano C, Barone I, Morelli C, Giordano F, Gelsomino L, Sisci D, Witkamp R, Andò S, van Norren K, Bonofiglio D. Modulating Tumor-Associated Macrophage Polarization by Synthetic and Natural PPARγ Ligands as a Potential Target in Breast Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010174. [PMID: 31936729 PMCID: PMC7017381 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) elicits anti-proliferative effects on different tumor cells, including those derived from breast cancer. PPARγ is also expressed in several cells of the breast tumor microenvironment, among which tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) play a pivotal role in tumor progression and metastasis. We explored the ability of synthetic and natural PPARγ ligands to modulate TAM polarization. The ligands included rosiglitazone (BRL-49653), and two docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) conjugates, N-docosahexaenoyl ethanolamine (DHEA) and N-docosahexaenoyl serotonin (DHA-5-HT). Human THP-1 monocytic cells were differentiated into M0, M1 and M2 macrophages that were characterized by qRT-PCR, ELISA and western blotting. A TAM-like phenotypic state was generated by adding two different breast cancer cell conditioned media (BCC-CM) to the cultures. Macrophages exposed to BCC-CM concomitantly exhibited M1 and M2 phenotypes. Interestingly, rosiglitazone, DHEA and DHA-5-HT attenuated cytokine secretion by TAMs, and this effect was reversed by the PPARγ antagonist GW9662. Given the key role played by PPARγ in the crosstalk between cancer cells and TAMs in tumor progression, its activation via endogenous or synthetic ligands may lead to novel strategies that target both epithelial neoplastic cells and the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Gionfriddo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.G.); (P.P.); (G.A.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Pierluigi Plastina
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.G.); (P.P.); (G.A.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Giuseppina Augimeri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.G.); (P.P.); (G.A.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.G.); (P.P.); (G.A.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.G.); (P.P.); (G.A.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.G.); (P.P.); (G.A.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Catia Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.G.); (P.P.); (G.A.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Francesca Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.G.); (P.P.); (G.A.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.G.); (P.P.); (G.A.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Diego Sisci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.G.); (P.P.); (G.A.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Renger Witkamp
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.G.); (P.P.); (G.A.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Klaske van Norren
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: (K.v.N.); (D.B.); Tel.: +31-0317-485093 (K.v.N.); +39-0984-496208 (D.B.)
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.G.); (P.P.); (G.A.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (I.B.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: (K.v.N.); (D.B.); Tel.: +31-0317-485093 (K.v.N.); +39-0984-496208 (D.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The Effects of Adipocytes on the Regulation of Breast Cancer in the Tumor Microenvironment: An Update. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080857. [PMID: 31398937 PMCID: PMC6721665 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global pandemic and it is well evident that obesity is associated with the development of many disorders including many cancer types. Breast cancer is one of that associated with a high mortality rate. Adipocytes, a major cellular component in adipose tissue, are dysfunctional during obesity and also known to promote breast cancer development both in vitro and in vivo. Dysfunctional adipocytes can release metabolic substrates, adipokines, and cytokines, which promote proliferation, progression, invasion, and migration of breast cancer cells. The secretion of adipocytes can alter gene expression profile, induce inflammation and hypoxia, as well as inhibit apoptosis. It is known that excessive free fatty acids, cholesterol, triglycerides, hormones, leptin, interleukins, and chemokines upregulate breast cancer development. Interestingly, adiponectin is the only adipokine that has anti-tumor properties. Moreover, adipocytes are also related to chemotherapeutic resistance, resulting in the poorer outcome of treatment and advanced stages in breast cancer. Evaluation of the adipocyte secretion levels in the circulation can be useful for prognosis and evaluation of the effectiveness of cancer therapy in the patients. Therefore, understanding about functions of adipocytes as well as obesity in breast cancer may reveal novel targets that support the development of new anti-tumor therapy. In this systemic review, we summarize and update the effects of secreted factors by adipocytes on the regulation of breast cancer in the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
|
14
|
Plasma and erythrocyte ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids are associated with multiple inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in breast cancer. Nutrition 2019; 58:194-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.07.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
15
|
Curtasu MV, Knudsen KEB, Callesen H, Purup S, Stagsted J, Hedemann MS. Obesity Development in a Miniature Yucatan Pig Model: A Multi-compartmental Metabolomics Study on Cloned and Normal Pigs Fed Restricted or Ad Libitum High-Energy Diets. J Proteome Res 2018; 18:30-47. [PMID: 30365323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Miniature-pig models for human metabolic disorders such as obesity and metabolic syndrome are gaining popularity. However, in-depth knowledge on the phenotypic and metabolic effects of metabolic dysregulation is lacking, and ad libitum feeding is not well-characterized in these pig breeds. Therefore, an investigation was performed into the metabolome of Yucatan minipigs fed ad libitum or restricted diets. Furthermore, we used cloned and conventional minipigs to assess if cloning reflects a presumably lowered variation between subjects. For 5 months, 17 female Yucatan minipigs were fed either ad libitum or restricted Western-style diets. Serum, urine, and liver tissues were collected and analyzed by non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics and by biochemical analyses. Several metabolic pathways were deregulated as a result of obesity and increased energy-dense feed intake, particularly the hepatic glutathione pathway and the pantothenic acid and tryptophan metabolic pathways in serum and urine. Although cloned minipigs were phenotypically similar to wild-type minipigs, the metabolomics analysis of serum and liver tissues showed several altered pathways, such as amino acid and purine metabolism. These changes, as an effect of cloning, could limit the use of cloned models in dietary intervention studies and provides no evidence of decreased variability between subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihai V Curtasu
- Department of Animal Science , Aarhus University , Blichers Alle 20 , DK-8830 Tjele , Denmark
| | - Knud Erik B Knudsen
- Department of Animal Science , Aarhus University , Blichers Alle 20 , DK-8830 Tjele , Denmark
| | - Henrik Callesen
- Department of Animal Science , Aarhus University , Blichers Alle 20 , DK-8830 Tjele , Denmark
| | - Stig Purup
- Department of Animal Science , Aarhus University , Blichers Alle 20 , DK-8830 Tjele , Denmark
| | - Jan Stagsted
- Diet4Life , Agro Food Park 13 , DK-8200 Aarhus N , Denmark
| | - Mette S Hedemann
- Department of Animal Science , Aarhus University , Blichers Alle 20 , DK-8830 Tjele , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Background Inflammation is a major player in breast cancer (BC) progression. Allograft-inflammatory factor-1 (AIF1) is a crucial mediator in the inflammatory response. AIF1 reportedly plays a role in BC, but the mechanism remains to be elucidated. We identified two AIF1 isoforms, AIF1v1 and AIF1v3, which were differentially expressed between affected and unaffected sisters from families with high risk of BC with no deleterious BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations (BRCAX). We investigated potential functions of AIFv1/v3 in BC of varying severity and breast adipose tissue by evaluating their expression, and association with metabolic and clinical parameters of BC patients. Methods AIF1v1/v3 expression was determined in BC tissues and cell lines using quantitative real-time PCR. Potential roles and mechanisms were examined in the microenvironment (fibroblasts, adipose tissue, monocytes and macrophages), inflammatory response (cell reaction in BC subgroups), and metabolism [treatment with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)]. Association of AIF1 transcript expression with clinical factors was determined by Spearman’s rank correlation. Bioinformatics analyses were performed to characterize transcripts. Results AIF1v1/v3 were mostly expressed in the less severe BC samples, and their expression appeared to originate from the tumor microenvironment. AIF1 isoforms had different expression rates and sources in breast adipose tissue; lymphocytes mostly expressed AIF1v1 while activated macrophages mainly expressed AIF1v3. Bioinformatics analysis revealed major structural differences suggesting distinct functions in BC progression. Lymphocytes were the most infiltrating cells in breast tumors and their number correlated with AIF1v1 adipose expression. Furthermore, DHA supplementation significantly lowered the expression of AIF1 isoforms in BRCAX cell lines. Finally, the expression of AIF1 isoforms in BC and breast adipose tissue correlated with clinical parameters of BC patients. Conclusions Results strongly suggest that AIF1v1 as much as AIF1v3 play a major role in the crosstalk between BC and infiltrating immune cells mediating tumor progression, implying their high potential as target molecules for BC diagnostic, prognostication and treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-018-0663-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
17
|
Brunvoll SH, Thune I, Frydenberg H, Flote VG, Bertheussen GF, Schlichting E, Bjerve KS, Hjartåker A. Validation of repeated self-reported n-3 PUFA intake using serum phospholipid fatty acids as a biomarker in breast cancer patients during treatment. Nutr J 2018; 17:94. [PMID: 30333016 PMCID: PMC6192340 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0402-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in breast cancer is not clear and under debate. To explore this relationship it is important to have proper validated dietary assessment methods for measuring the intake of n-3 PUFAs. The aim of the current study is to validate two different methods used to assess the intake of selected n-3 PUFAs as well as food sources of long-chained n-3 PUFAs. Also, we aim to study how stable the intake of fatty acids is during breast cancer treatment. Methods The study-population was patients with breast cancer (Stages I-II) or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS-grade III) undergoing treatment (n = 49) in Norway. Dietary intake was assessed by two self-administered methods, a 256 food item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a 7-day pre-coded food diary (PFD). The FFQ was administered presurgery and twelve months postsurgery, and the PFD was administered shortly after surgery (10 +/− 2 days), six and twelve months postsurgery. Fasting blood samples (presurgery, six and twelve months postsurgery) were analysed for serum phospholipid fatty acids, a biomarker for intake of n-3 PUFAs. Results Mean (SD) age was 54.2 (7.8) years at diagnosis, and the mean (SD) body mass index (BMI) was 24.8 (3.4) kg/m2. Correlation coefficients between dietary intakes of n-3 PUFAs measured with the FFQ and the PFD ranged from 0.35 to 0.66. The correlation coefficients between the PFD and the biomarker (serum phospholipid n-3 PUFAs) as well as between the FFQ and the biomarker demonstrated stronger correlations twelve months after surgery (ρ 0.40–0.56 and 0.36–0.53, respectively) compared to around surgery (ρ 0.08–0.20 and 0.28–0.38, respectively). The same pattern was observed for intake of fatty fish. The intake of n-3 PUFAs did not change during treatment assessed by the FFQ, PFD or biomarker. Conclusion These results indicate that the FFQ and the PFD can be used to assess dietary intake of fish and n-3 PUFAs in breast cancer patients during breast cancer treatment. Still, the PFD shortly after surgery should be used with caution. The diet of patients undergoing breast cancer treatment was quite stable, and the intake of n-3 PUFAs did not change. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12937-018-0402-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja H Brunvoll
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway. .,The Cancer Centre, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Inger Thune
- The Cancer Centre, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hanne Frydenberg
- The Cancer Centre, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vidar G Flote
- The Cancer Centre, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gro F Bertheussen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ellen Schlichting
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian S Bjerve
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anette Hjartåker
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jalali S, Shivappa N, Hébert JR, Heidari Z, Hekmatdoost A, Rashidkhani B. Dietary Inflammatory Index and Odds of Breast Cancer in a Case-Control Study from Iran. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:1034-1042. [PMID: 30235017 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1494843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is implicated in breast cancer (BrCa) development; however, studies on the association of the inflammatory potential of diet and breast cancer have produced conflicting results. With this as background, we investigated the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII®) scores and BrCa risk in an Iranian case-control study. In this study, 136 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients and 272 hospitalized controls were recruited using convenience sampling. DII scores were computed from dietary intake data collected through a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between the DII and BrCa risk were estimated by logistic regression. After controlling for multiple potential confounders, a significantly increased BrCa odds was observed in the highest quartile of DII score compared to the lowest quartile (ORquartile 4 vs. 1 = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.12-6.25; Ptrend = 0.01). In subanalysis based on menopausal status, a positive association was observed between the DII and BrCa risk among premenopausal women (ORquartile 4 vs. 1 = 5.51, 95% CI: 1.45-20.93; Ptrend = 0.005); however, no association was detected in postmenopausal women. Our findings suggest that more proinflammatory diets, indicated by higher DII scores, may increase the odds of BrCa, especially among premenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Jalali
- a Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- b Cancer Prevention and Control Program , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA.,c Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA.,d Connecting Health Innovations , Columbia , South Carolina , USA
| | - James R Hébert
- b Cancer Prevention and Control Program , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA.,c Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina , USA.,d Connecting Health Innovations , Columbia , South Carolina , USA
| | - Zeinab Heidari
- a Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- a Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Bahram Rashidkhani
- a Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Farimani AR, Hariri M, Azimi-Nezhad M, Borji A, Zarei S, Hooshmand E. The effect of n-3 PUFAs on circulating adiponectin and leptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Acta Diabetol 2018; 55:641-652. [PMID: 29453672 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-018-1110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM N-3 PUFAs can potentially influence levels of inflammatory and non-inflammatory adipokines. Given the contradictory effects of n-3 PUFAs on serum levels of adipokines in type 2 diabetes, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis study of randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials that examined the effects of n-3 PUFAs on serum levels of leptin and adiponectin in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS The electronic databases, without regard to language restrictions including PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, SCOPUS and ISI Web of Science until August 2017, were used to identify randomized controlled trials that assessed the effect of n-3 PUFAs on serum leptin and adiponectin concentrations in type 2 diabetes. Outcomes were extracted based on the mean ± SD as effect size at baseline and end of the intervention. Between-study heterogeneity was evaluated by the I2 estimates and their 95% CIs. Funnel plot asymmetry was used to investigate the existence of publication bias. Stata software and Review Manager were used for statistical data analysis. RESULTS Data from 10 eligible articles involved 494 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (intervention groups = 254 and control groups = 240), with age between 44 and 70 years, treated with doses of 0.52-7.4 g/day n-3 PUFAs. Adiponectin concentration nonsignificantly increased by a MD = 0.17 µg/mL (95% CI - 0.11, 0.44). Also, leptin concentration nonsignificantly reduced by a MD = - 0.31 ng/mL (95% CI - 0.69, 0.07). CONCLUSION Plant and marine sources of n-3 PUFAs can modify serum leptin and adiponectin levels by increasing adiponectin and decreasing leptin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Due to some limitations in this study, further studies are needed to reach a definitive conclusion about the effect of n-3 PUFAs on the levels of leptin and adiponectin in T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azam Rezaei Farimani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mitra Hariri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Abasalt Borji
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Sadegh Zarei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Zip code: 9314634814, Iran
| | - Elham Hooshmand
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang T, Parada H, McClain KM, Bradshaw PT, Terry MB, Teitelbaum SL, Neugut AI, Gammon MD. Pre-diagnostic aspirin use and mortality after breast cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2018. [PMID: 29516320 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-018-1020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammation drug (NSAID) use is associated with mortality following breast cancer remains unclear. Consideration of use patterns and interaction with obesity may help to clarify the inconsistent results. METHODS Pre-diagnosis NSAID use, weight, and height were assessed ~ 3 months after diagnosis through in-person interviews with a population-based cohort of 1,442 women with first primary breast cancer. Vital status was determined through the national death index after ~ 18 years of follow-up (N = 237/597 breast cancer-specific/all-cause deaths). We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Multiplicative interaction by body mass index (BMI) was evaluated using the likelihood ratio test. RESULTS Ever aspirin use was inversely associated with breast cancer-specific mortality (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.59-1.29), but positively associated with all-cause mortality (HR 1.21, 95% CI 0.99-1.48); the CIs included the null values. The HRs, however, were more pronounced for the highest level of duration, frequency, regularity, and timing for all-cause, but not breast cancer-specific mortality. Interactions with BMI revealed no significant heterogeneity (pinteraction = 0.37 and pinteraction = 0.36, respectively). CONCLUSION Pre-diagnosis aspirin use was not strongly associated with mortality following breast cancer. The all-cause mortality associations, however, were slightly stronger when we considered patterns of use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengteng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, UNC, 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA.
| | - Humberto Parada
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kathleen M McClain
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Patrick T Bradshaw
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Susan L Teitelbaum
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Alfred I Neugut
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Marilie D Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li J, Han X. Adipocytokines and breast cancer. Curr Probl Cancer 2018; 42:208-214. [PMID: 29433827 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A substantial number of studies have revealed that a growing list of cancers might be influenced by obesity. In this regard, one of the most prominent and well-characterized cancers is breast cancer, the leading cause of cancer death among women. Obesity is associated with an increased risk for the occurrence and development of breast cancer particular in postmenopausal women. Moreover, the relationship between adiposity and breast cancer risk is complex, with associations that differ depending on when body size is assessed (eg, premenopausal vs postmenopausal obesity) and when breast cancer is diagnosed (ie, premenopausal vs postmenopausal disease). Obesity is mainly due to excessive fat accumulation in the regional tissue. Adipocytes in obese individuals produce endocrine, inflammatory, and angiogenic factors to affect adjacent breast cancer cells. Adipocytokines, are biologically active polypeptides that are produced either exclusively or substantially by adipocytes, play a critical and complex role, and act by endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine pathways in the malignant progression of breast cancer. Furthermore, the increased levels of leptin, resistin, and decreased adiponectin secretion are directly associated with breast cancer development. And there are also many studies indicating that adipocytokines could mediate the survival, growth, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer cells by different cellular and molecular mechanisms to reduce the survival time and prompt the malignancy. In present review, we discuss the correlations between several adipocytokines and breast cancer cells in obesity as well as the underlying signaling pathways to provide the novel ideas for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianghui Han
- Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chia (Salvia hispanicaL.) flour promotes beneficial effects on adipose tissue but not on glycaemic profile of diet-induced obesity in mice. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
23
|
Sadeghi A, Djafarian K, Mohammadi H, Shab-Bidar S. Effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11:157-162. [PMID: 27484441 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may improve insulin resistance in various diseases. However, the possible effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on insulin resistance in PCOS still remains unclear. We evaluated the effect of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on insulin resistance in women with PCOS in a meta-analysis. METHODS Literature searches of MEDLINE, PubMed Central and EMBASE for publications in English were conducted up to December 2015. We included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplements on insulin resistance in women with PCOS. Results are summarized as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Effect sizes of eligible studies were pooled using random-effects models (the DerSimonian-Laird estimator). We assessed the potential sources of heterogeneity using the standard χ2 test. RESULTS Of 1202 papers, three RCTs were eligible for inclusion which involved 72 cases and 73 controls. The dose range for omega3 supplement was 1.2g to 3.6g and the duration of follow-up was from 6 to 8 weeks. There was no significant effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplements compared to placebo on insulin resistance (MD: 6.18; CI; -3.347, 15.382; p=0.208) and HOMA -IR (MD: 0.276; 95% CI=-1.428, 1.981; p=0.751) in women with PCOS. CONCLUSION The results provide an evidence that supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids may not have a beneficial effect on improving insulin resistance in women with PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alirez Sadeghi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Engin A. Obesity-associated Breast Cancer: Analysis of risk factors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 960:571-606. [PMID: 28585217 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several studies show that a significantly stronger association is obvious between increased body mass index (BMI) and higher breast cancer incidence. Furthermore, obese women are at higher risk of all-cause and breast cancer specific mortality when compared to non-obese women with breast cancer. In this context, increased levels of estrogens due to excessive aromatization activity of the adipose tissue, overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance, hyperactivation of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) pathways, adipocyte-derived adipokines, hypercholesterolemia and excessive oxidative stress contribute to the development of breast cancer in obese women. While higher breast cancer risk with hormone replacement therapy is particularly evident among lean women, in postmenopausal women who are not taking exogenous hormones, general obesity is a significant predictor for breast cancer. Moreover, increased plasma cholesterol leads to accelerated tumor formation and exacerbates their aggressiveness. In contrast to postmenopausal women, premenopausal women with high BMI are inversely associated with breast cancer risk. Nevertheless, life-style of women for breast cancer risk is regulated by avoiding the overweight and a high-fat diet. Estrogen-plus-progestin hormone therapy users for more than 5 years have elevated risks of both invasive ductal and lobular breast cancer. Additionally, these cases are more commonly node-positive and have a higher cancer-related mortality. Collectively, in this chapter, the impacts of obesity-related estrogen, cholesterol, saturated fatty acid, leptin and adiponectin concentrations, aromatase activity, leptin and insulin resistance on breast cancer patients are evaluated. Obesity-related prognostic factors of breast cancer also are discussed at molecular basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey. .,, Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Blücher C, Stadler SC. Obesity and Breast Cancer: Current Insights on the Role of Fatty Acids and Lipid Metabolism in Promoting Breast Cancer Growth and Progression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:293. [PMID: 29163362 PMCID: PMC5670108 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and excess accumulation of adipose tissue are known risk factors for several types of cancer, including breast cancer. With the incidence of obesity constantly rising worldwide, understanding the molecular details of the interaction between adipose tissue and breast tumors, the most common tumors in women, becomes an urgent task. In terms of lipid metabolism, most of the studies conducted so far focused on upregulated de novo lipid synthesis in cancer cells. More recently, the use of extracellular lipids as source of energy came into focus. Especially in obesity, associated dysfunctional adipose tissue releases increased amounts of fatty acids, but also dietary lipids can be involved in promoting tumor growth and progression. In addition, it was shown that breast cancer cells and adipocytes, which are a major component of the stroma of breast tumors, are able to directly interact with each other. Breast cancer cells and adjacent adipocytes exchange molecules such as growth factors, chemokines, and interleukins in a reciprocal manner. Moreover, it was shown that breast cancer cells can access and utilize fatty acids produced by neighboring adipocytes. Thus adipocytes, and especially hypertrophic adipocytes, can act as providers of lipids, which can be used as a source of energy for fatty acid oxidation and as building blocks for tumor cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Blücher
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE – Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sonja C. Stadler
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE – Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sonja C. Stadler,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhu P, Zhang YM, Yin X, Zhang XH, Wang F, Zhang JJ, Yan W, Xi Y, Wan JB, Kang JX, Zou ZQ, Bu SZ. Endogenously synthesized n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in fat-1 transgenic mice suppress B16F10 melanoma lung metastasis by impairing mesenchymal to epithelial transition. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
27
|
Abdelmagid SA, MacKinnon JL, Janssen SM, Ma DWL. Role of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Exercise in Breast Cancer Prevention: Identifying Common Targets. Nutr Metab Insights 2016; 9:71-84. [PMID: 27812288 PMCID: PMC5089819 DOI: 10.4137/nmi.s39043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and exercise are recognized as important lifestyle factors that significantly influence breast cancer risk. In particular, dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to play an important role in breast cancer prevention. Growing evidence also demonstrates a role for exercise in cancer and chronic disease prevention. However, the potential synergistic effect of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise is yet to be determined. This review explores targets for breast cancer prevention that are common between n-3 PUFA intake and exercise and that may be important study outcomes for future research investigating the combined effect of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise. These lines of evidence highlight potential new avenues for research and strategies for breast cancer prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salma A Abdelmagid
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica L MacKinnon
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah M Janssen
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
The Role of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) in the Control of Obesity and Metabolic Derangements in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:505. [PMID: 27058527 PMCID: PMC4848961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents a major under-recognized preventable risk factor for cancer development and recurrence, including breast cancer (BC). Healthy diet and correct lifestyle play crucial role for the treatment of obesity and for the prevention of BC. Obesity is significantly prevalent in western countries and it contributes to almost 50% of BC in older women. Mechanisms underlying obesity, such as inflammation and insulin resistance, are also involved in BC development. Fatty acids are among the most extensively studied dietary factors, whose changes appear to be closely related with BC risk. Alterations of specific ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly low basal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels, appear to be important in increasing cancer risk and its relapse, influencing its progression and prognosis and affecting the response to treatments. On the other hand, DHA supplementation increases the response to anticancer therapies and reduces the undesired side effects of anticancer therapies. Experimental and clinical evidence shows that higher fish consumption or intake of DHA reduces BC cell growth and its relapse risk. Controversy exists on the potential anticancer effects of marine ω-3 PUFAs and especially DHA, and larger clinical trials appear mandatory to clarify these aspects. The present review article is aimed at exploring the capacity of DHA in controlling obesity-related inflammation and in reducing insulin resistance in BC development, progression, and response to therapies.
Collapse
|
29
|
Eicosopentaneoic Acid and Other Free Fatty Acid Receptor Agonists Inhibit Lysophosphatidic Acid- and Epidermal Growth Factor-Induced Proliferation of Human Breast Cancer Cells. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5020016. [PMID: 26821052 PMCID: PMC4773772 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many key actions of ω-3 (n-3) fatty acids have recently been shown to be mediated by two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the free fatty acid receptor (FFAR) family, FFA1 (GPR40) and FFA4 (GPR120). n-3 Fatty acids inhibit proliferation of human breast cancer cells in culture and in animals. In the current study, the roles of FFA1 and FFA4 were investigated. In addition, the role of cross-talk between GPCRs activated by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), and the tyrosine kinase receptor activated by epidermal growth factor (EGF), was examined. In MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines, both LPA and EGF stimulated proliferation, Erk activation, Akt activation, and CCN1 induction. LPA antagonists blocked effects of LPA and EGF on proliferation in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, and on cell migration in MCF-7. The n-3 fatty acid eicosopentaneoic acid inhibited LPA- and EGF-induced proliferation in both cell lines. Two synthetic FFAR agonists, GW9508 and TUG-891, likewise inhibited LPA- and EGF-induced proliferation. The data suggest a major role for FFA1, which was expressed by both cell lines. The results indicate that n-3 fatty acids inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation via FFARs, and suggest a mechanism involving negative cross-talk between FFARS, LPA receptors, and EGF receptor.
Collapse
|