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Guo L, Huang Y, He J, Li D, Li W, Xiao H, Xu X, Zhang Y, Wang R. Associations of lifestyle characteristics with circulating immune markers in the general population based on NHANES 1999 to 2014. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13444. [PMID: 38862546 PMCID: PMC11166635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63875-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lifestyles maybe associated with the immune and inflammatory state of human body. We aimed to comprehensively explore the relationship between lifestyles and circulating immune-inflammatory markers in the general population. Data from NHANES 1999-2014 was used. Lifestyle factors included leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), diet quality (Healthy Eating Index-2015, HEI-2015), alcohol consumption, cigarettes smoking, sleep hour and sedentary time. Immune makers included C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR). Generalized linear regression models were used to adjust confounders. Regressions of restricted cubic splines were utilized to evaluate the potentially non-linear relationships between exposures and outcomes. As results, HEI was negatively associated with CRP (P < 0.001), SII (P < 0.001), and NLR (P < 0.001). Cigarettes per day was positively associated with CRP (P < 0.001), SII (P < 0.001), and NLR (P = 0.008). Alcohol consumption was negatively associated with CRP (P < 0.001), but positively associated with PLR (P = 0.012) and MLR (P < 0.001). Physical activity was negatively associated with CRP (P < 0.001), SII (P = 0.005), and NLR (P = 0.002), but positively associated with PLR (P = 0.010). Participants with higher healthy lifestyle score had significantly lower CRP, SII and NLR (all P values < 0.05). Most of the sensitivity analyses found similar results. In conclusion, we found significant associations between lifestyles and immune markers in the general population, which may reflect a systemic inflammatory response to unhealthy lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfen Guo
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yating Huang
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Deng Li
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haitao Xiao
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yange Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Ru Wang
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Reytor-González C, Zambrano AK, Montalvan M, Frias-Toral E, Simancas-Racines A, Simancas-Racines D. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and its association with gastric cancer: health benefits from a Planeterranean perspective. J Transl Med 2024; 22:483. [PMID: 38773621 PMCID: PMC11110331 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05176-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean Diet (MD) has garnered increasing attention for its potential protective effects against gastric cancer (GC). The MD's rich content of antioxidants, polyphenols, and other bioactive compounds contributes to its ability to modulate gene expression, inhibit tumor growth, and regulate apoptosis. Studies have shown significant reductions in inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) among individuals adhering to the MD, suggesting its pivotal role in mitigating chronic inflammation-associated with cancer development. Furthermore, the MD's anti-angiogenic properties, particularly in components like olive oil, red wine, fish, and tomatoes, offer promising avenues for reducing GC risk by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. Additionally, the MD's influence on intestinal microbiota composition underscores its potential in maintaining immune homeostasis and reducing systemic inflammation, factors crucial in GC prevention. Despite challenges such as variability in dietary adherence scoring systems and the need for further gender and geographical-specific studies, evidence supports the MD as a cost-effective and holistic approach to GC prevention. Emphasizing the role of nutrition in public health is a promising strategy with broad implications for global health and cancer prevention initiatives. Therefore, this review explores the multifaceted impacts of the MD on GC prevention, delving into its anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Reytor-González
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, 170129, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ana Karina Zambrano
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Mariana de Jesús Ave, no number, 170129, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Martha Montalvan
- Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, . Pdte. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, 090615, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- School of Medicine, Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayas, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, 0901952, Samborondón, Ecuador
| | - Alison Simancas-Racines
- Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, 050108, Latacunga, Ecuador
| | - Daniel Simancas-Racines
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, 170129, Quito, Ecuador.
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Radulescu D, Mihai FD, Trasca MET, Caluianu EI, Calafeteanu CDM, Radulescu PM, Mercut R, Ciupeanu-Calugaru ED, Marinescu GA, Siloşi CA, Nistor CCE, Danoiu S. Oxidative Stress in Military Missions-Impact and Management Strategies: A Narrative Analysis. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:567. [PMID: 38792589 PMCID: PMC11121804 DOI: 10.3390/life14050567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This narrative review comprehensively examines the impact of oxidative stress on military personnel, highlighting the crucial role of physical exercise and tailored diets, particularly the ketogenic diet, in minimizing this stress. Through a meticulous analysis of the recent literature, the study emphasizes how regular physical exercise not only enhances cardiovascular, cognitive, and musculoskeletal health but is also essential in neutralizing the effects of oxidative stress, thereby improving endurance and performance during long-term missions. Furthermore, the implementation of the ketogenic diet provides an efficient and consistent energy source through ketone bodies, tailored to the specific energy requirements of military activities, and significantly contributes to the reduction in reactive oxygen species production, thus protecting against cellular deterioration under extreme stress. The study also underlines the importance of integrating advanced technologies, such as wearable devices and smart sensors that allow for the precise and real-time monitoring of oxidative stress and physiological responses, thus facilitating the customization of training and nutritional regimes. Observations from this review emphasize significant variability among individuals in responses to oxidative stress, highlighting the need for a personalized approach in formulating intervention strategies. It is crucial to develop and implement well-monitored, personalized supplementation protocols to ensure that each member of the military personnel receives a regimen tailored to their specific needs, thereby maximizing the effectiveness of measures to combat oxidative stress. This analysis makes a valuable contribution to the specialized literature, proposing a detailed framework for addressing oxidative stress in the armed forces and opening new directions for future research with the aim of optimizing clinical practices and improving the health and performance of military personnel under stress and specific challenges of the military field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dumitru Radulescu
- Department of Surgery, The Military Emergency Clinical Hospital ‘Dr. Stefan Odobleja’ Craiova, 200749 Craiova, Romania; (D.R.); (E.-I.C.); (P.-M.R.); (G.-A.M.)
| | - Florina-Diana Mihai
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Major Emil-Tiberius Trasca
- Department of Surgery, The Military Emergency Clinical Hospital ‘Dr. Stefan Odobleja’ Craiova, 200749 Craiova, Romania; (D.R.); (E.-I.C.); (P.-M.R.); (G.-A.M.)
| | - Elena-Irina Caluianu
- Department of Surgery, The Military Emergency Clinical Hospital ‘Dr. Stefan Odobleja’ Craiova, 200749 Craiova, Romania; (D.R.); (E.-I.C.); (P.-M.R.); (G.-A.M.)
| | - Captain Dan Marian Calafeteanu
- Department of Ortopedics, The Military Emergency Clinical Hospital ‘Dr. Stefan Odobleja’ Craiova, 200749 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Patricia-Mihaela Radulescu
- Department of Surgery, The Military Emergency Clinical Hospital ‘Dr. Stefan Odobleja’ Craiova, 200749 Craiova, Romania; (D.R.); (E.-I.C.); (P.-M.R.); (G.-A.M.)
| | - Razvan Mercut
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | | | - Georgiana-Andreea Marinescu
- Department of Surgery, The Military Emergency Clinical Hospital ‘Dr. Stefan Odobleja’ Craiova, 200749 Craiova, Romania; (D.R.); (E.-I.C.); (P.-M.R.); (G.-A.M.)
| | - Cristian-Adrian Siloşi
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | | | - Suzana Danoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
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Zhao R, Lu Y, Wan Z, Qiao P, Yang L, Zhang Y, Huang S, Chen X. Identification and validation of an anoikis-related genes signature for prognostic implication in papillary thyroid cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:7405-7425. [PMID: 38663918 PMCID: PMC11087102 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer, notably papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), is a global health concern with increasing incidence. Anoikis, a regulator of programmed cell death, is pivotal in normal physiology and, when dysregulated, can drive cancer progression and metastasis. This study explored the impact of anoikis on PTC prognosis. Analyzing data from GEO, TCGA, and GeneCards, we identified a prognostic signature consisting of six anoikis-related genes (ARGs): EZH2, PRKCQ, CD36, INHBB, TDGF1, and MMP9. This signature independently predicted patient outcomes, with high-risk scores associated with worse prognoses. A robust predictive ability was confirmed via ROC analysis, and a nomogram achieved a C-index of 0.712. Differences in immune infiltration levels were observed between high- and low-risk groups. Importantly, the high-risk group displayed reduced drug sensitivity and poor responses to immunotherapy. This research provides insights into anoikis in PTC, offering a novel ARG signature for predicting patient prognosis and guiding personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runyu Zhao
- Postgraduate Training Base at Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhihan Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Peipei Qiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Liyun Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Shuixian Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, China
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Ozcan L, Polat EC, Baran C, Boylu A, Erkoc M, Otunctemur A. Systemic Inflammatory Index: A Promising Non-Invasive Marker for the Prediction of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy prior to Cystectomy. Urol Int 2024; 108:226-233. [PMID: 38368856 DOI: 10.1159/000537894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The main challenge to the optimal use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the difficulty in selecting patients who may or may not benefit from NAC. Our aim in this study was to investigate whether the Systemic Inflammatory Index (SII) predicts response to chemotherapy in patients who receive NAC prior to cystectomy. METHODS We retrospectively analysed the data of patients who underwent NAC followed by cystectomy at our institution between January 2010 and September 2015 and whose 5-year follow-up was completed. All patients who underwent diagnostic biopsy with complete transurethral resection of bladder tumour at our hospital and whose pathology result was muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma were included in the study. At least 3 courses of gemcitabine/cisplatin NAC were given to all patients. A pathological response was defined as a reduction in cystectomy to a lower pathological stage after NAC. RESULTS The SII was 320.8 ± 51 in the responders and 388.28 ± 50 in the non-responders. SII optimal cut-off of 350 was determined. The sensitivity and specificity of SII in predicting response were found to be 80% and 83%, respectively. Low SII (<350) was found to be a significant predictor of response compared with the other factors on multivariate analysis. The mean overall survival time was 55.4 months in patients with a low SII value and 40.3 months in the high SII group. CONCLUSION SII, together with known clinicopathological factors and newer genetic and molecular markers, can be used to select patients for NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent Ozcan
- University of Health Sciences, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Can Polat
- University of Health Sciences, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Caner Baran
- University of Health Sciences, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Boylu
- University of Health Sciences, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Erkoc
- University of Health Sciences, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Otunctemur
- University of Health Sciences, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ciernikova S, Sevcikova A, Stevurkova V, Mego M. Diet-driven microbiome changes and physical activity in cancer patients. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1285516. [PMID: 38075222 PMCID: PMC10704146 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1285516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Exploring the role of the gut microbiome in oncology is gaining more attention, mainly due to its ability to shape the immune system in cancer patients. A well-balanced microbial composition forms a symbiotic relationship with the host organism. Mounting evidence supports the potential of modifiable lifestyle factors, such as diet and physical activity, in restoring intestinal dysbiosis related to cancer development and treatment. In this Minireview, we describe the host-microbiome interplay following different dietary patterns, including a high-fat diet, fiber-rich diet, diet rich in rice and beans, Mediterranean diet, ketogenic diet, and physical activity in preclinical findings and clinical settings. According to the results, nutrition is a critical factor influencing the composition of gut microbial communities. Therefore, knowledge about the patient's nutritional status in pre-treatment and treatment becomes crucial for further management. A combination of individualized dietary habits and professional training plans might help to maintain gut homeostasis, potentially improving the response to anti-cancer therapy and the quality of life in cancer survivors. However, a deep understanding of underlying mechanisms and large clinical trials are needed to uncover clinically relevant correlations for personalized treatment approaches leading to better outcomes for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Ciernikova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Aneta Sevcikova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viola Stevurkova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Mego
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Bratislava and National Cancer Institute, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Kawahara N, Yamanaka S, Sugimoto S, Kamibayashi J, Nishikawa K, Kawaguchi R, Kimura F. The Prognosis Predictive Score around Neo Adjuvant Chemotherapy (PPSN) Improves Diagnostic Efficacy in Predicting the Prognosis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5062. [PMID: 37894429 PMCID: PMC10605019 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that pretreatment inflammatory responses can predict prognosis. However, no reports have analyzed the combined effect of the inflammatory response with pre-treatment and post-neo adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). This retrospective study aims to identify factors predicting prognosis and create a novel predictive scoring system. METHODS The study was conducted at our institution between June 2006 and March 2020. Demographic and clinicopathological data were collected from patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy after sample collection by laparoscopic or laparotomy surgery, followed by interval debulking surgery. We created a scoring system, called the Predictive Prognosis Score around NACT (PPSN), using factors extracted from a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to assess the efficacy of PPSN in predicting progression-free survival and overall survival. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests were used to compare the PFS or OS rate. RESULTS Our study included 72 patients, with a cut-off value of four for the scoring system. Our analysis showed that high PPSN (≥4) significantly predicts poor prognosis. Moreover, CD3+ and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with low PPSN (<4) showed higher aggregation than those with high PPSN (≥4) cases. CONCLUSION Our study shows that PPSN could be a useful prognostic tool for advanced EOC patients who undergo NACT followed by IDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kawahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (K.N.); (R.K.); (F.K.)
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Zhang N, Liu H, Yang J, Zhong F. Development and validation of a nomogram based on multiple preoperative immunoinflammatory indexes for survival prediction in patients with stage IA-IB endometrial cancer. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:6286-6298. [PMID: 37969209 PMCID: PMC10641344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the preoperative systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) capacity to predict the prognosis of stage IA-IB endometrial carcinoma (EC) patients after operation, and establish a nomogram model to guide clinical practice. METHODS A total of 387 patients with EC (R0 resection, stage IA-IB) were assessed. Clinical information and the SII, NLR, ALI, and PNI values were obtained. The low and high ratio groups were separated using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Pearson's χ2-test or Fisher's exact test was used to determine their relationship with clinical variables. To determine the independent prognostic factors, Cox regression was utilized to do the univariate and multivariate survival analyses. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve in our survival analysis. Depending upon the independent prognostic factors, the nomogram for Overall survival (OS) and Disease-free survival (DFS) nomogram was developed, and its discrimination ability was validated by the consistency index (C-index) and calibration curve. RESULTS Cox regression analysis revealed that FIGO staging, Ki-67 expression level, PNI, and ALI are independent prognostic factors for both OS and DFS. Then a novel predictive nomogram was developed, and its C-index value for OS and DFS was 0.829 and 0.814, respectively. The calibration curves demonstrated consistency amid the predicted prognosis using the developed nomogram and the actual observed outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The ALI and PNI could serve as readily available prognostic indicators for OS and DFS prediction in stage IA-IB EC patients. The nomogram developed owned superior power for OS and DFS prediction in stage IA-IB EC patients, and it would assist clinical oncologists in accurately predicting the individual's OS and DFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nie Zhang
- Graduate School of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityFuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityFuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Jiankang Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fei Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityFuyang, Anhui, China
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Şahin TÖ, Yılmaz B, Yeşilyurt N, Cicia D, Szymanowska A, Amero P, Ağagündüz D, Capasso R. Recent insights into the nutritional immunomodulation of cancer-related microRNAs. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4375-4397. [PMID: 37434291 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the most common cause of death worldwide, following cardiovascular diseases. Cancer is a multifactorial disease and many reasons such as physical, chemical, biological, and lifestyle-related factors. Nutrition, which is one of the various factors that play a role in the prevention, development, and treatment of many types of cancer, affects the immune system, which is characterized by disproportionate pro-inflammatory signaling in cancer. Studies investigating the molecular mechanisms of this effect have shown that foods rich in bioactive compounds, such as green tea, olive oil, turmeric, and soybean play a significant role in positively changing the expression of miRNAs involved in the regulation of genes associated with oncogenic/tumor-suppressing pathways. In addition to these foods, some diet models may change the expression of specific cancer-related miRNAs in different ways. While Mediterranean diet has been associated with anticancer effects, a high-fat diet, and a methyl-restricted diet are considered to have negative effects. This review aims to discuss the effects of specific foods called "immune foods," diet models, and bioactive components on cancer by changing the expression of miRNAs in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Birsen Yılmaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | | | - Donatella Cicia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Szymanowska
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paola Amero
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Li C, Yang X, Li H, Fu Y, Wang W, Jin X, Bian L, Peng L. Postoperative ratio of C-reactive protein to albumin is an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:360. [PMID: 37735699 PMCID: PMC10515040 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01334-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of postoperative of the ratio of c-reactive protein to albumin (CRP/Alb ratio) in the prognosis of gastric cancer is rarely evaluated. Our purpose was to investigate the correlation of the postoperative CRP/Alb ratio and long-term prognosis of gastric cancer. METHODS We enrolled 430 patients who suffered from radical gastrectomy. The commonly used inflammatory indices, clinical-pathological characteristics and oncologic outcomes were recorded. The median was used to the cut-off value for preoperative and postoperative CRP/Alb ratio, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression model were performed to determine its prognostic significance. RESULTS In univariate analysis, there were significant differences were observed in overall survival (OS) according to perioperative CRP/Alb ratio, c-reactive protein (CRP), serum albumin (Alb), respectively. According to the multivariate analysis, higher postoperative CRP/Alb ratio (HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.55-2.66, P < 0.001), lower postoperative albumin (Alb), higher preoperative c-reactive protein (CRP) and higher postoperative CRP were indicated a shorter overall survival. CONCLUSION Postoperative inflammatory factors in patients with gastric cancer should be pay attention, especially postoperative CRP/Alb ratio may be an independent predictor of long-term prognosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Li
- Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhui Yang
- Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenying Wang
- Senior Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Senior Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Bian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Senior Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Fernández-Murga ML, Gil-Ortiz F, Serrano-García L, Llombart-Cussac A. A New Paradigm in the Relationship between Gut Microbiota and Breast Cancer: β-glucuronidase Enzyme Identified as Potential Therapeutic Target. Pathogens 2023; 12:1086. [PMID: 37764894 PMCID: PMC10535898 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently occurring malignancy and the second cancer-specific cause of mortality in women in developed countries. Over 70% of the total number of BCs are hormone receptor-positive (HR+), and elevated levels of circulating estrogen (E) in the blood have been shown to be a major risk factor for the development of HR+ BC. This is attributable to estrogen's contribution to increased cancer cell proliferation, stimulation of angiogenesis and metastasis, and resistance to therapy. The E metabolism-gut microbiome axis is functional, with subjacent individual variations in the levels of E. It is conceivable that the estrobolome (bacterial genes whose products metabolize E) may contribute to the risk of malignant neoplasms of hormonal origin, including BC, and may serve as a potential biomarker and target. It has been suggested that β-glucuronidase (GUS) enzymes of the intestinal microbiome participate in the strobolome. In addition, it has been proposed that bacterial GUS enzymes from the gastrointestinal tract participate in hormone BC. In this review, we discuss the latest knowledge about the role of the GUS enzyme in the pathogenesis of BC, focusing on (i) the microbiome and E metabolism; (ii) diet, estrobolome, and BC development; (iii) other activities of the bacterial GUS; and (iv) the new molecular targets for BC therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Leonor Fernández-Murga
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova-Liria, FISABIO, 46015 Valencia, Spain; (L.S.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | | | - Lucía Serrano-García
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova-Liria, FISABIO, 46015 Valencia, Spain; (L.S.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
| | - Antonio Llombart-Cussac
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova-Liria, FISABIO, 46015 Valencia, Spain; (L.S.-G.); (A.L.-C.)
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12
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Collado M, Castillo M, Muñoz de Mier GJ, de la Pinta C, Peña C. The Diet as a Modulator of Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087317. [PMID: 37108477 PMCID: PMC10139215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in Western countries and remains the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Many studies show the importance of diet and lifestyle in the incidence of CRC, as well as in CRC prevention. However, this review summarizes those studies that analyze the impact of nutrition on tumor microenvironment modulation and cancer progression. We review the available information about the effects of specific nutrients on cancer cell progression and on the different cells within the tumor microenvironment. Diet and nutritional status in the clinical management of colorectal cancer patients are also analyzed. Finally, future perspectives and challenges are discussed, with a view to improving CRC treatments by employing nutritional approaches. These promise great benefits and will eventually improve CRC patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Collado
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital-IRYCIS, Alcalá University, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marién Castillo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio (UAX), Avenida de la Universidad, 1, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain
| | - Gemma Julia Muñoz de Mier
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio (UAX), Avenida de la Universidad, 1, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain
| | - Carolina de la Pinta
- Radiation Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Alcalá University, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Peña
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital-IRYCIS, Alcalá University, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Abstract
CONTEXT The prevalence of diabetic neuropathy is drastically increasing in the world. To halt the progression of diabetic neuropathy, there is an unmet need to have potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and new drug discovery. OBJECTIVE To study various biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. METHODS The literature was searched with the help of various scientific databases and resources like PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, and Google scholar from the year 1976 to 2020. RESULTS Biomarkers of diabetic neuropathy are categorised as inflammatory biomarkers such as MCP-1, VEGF, TRPV1, NF-κB; oxidative biomarkers such as adiponectin, NFE2L2; enzyme biomarkers like NADPH, ceruloplasmin, HO-1, DPP-4, PARP α; miscellaneous biomarkers such as SIRT1, caveolin 1, MALAT1, and microRNA. All biomarkers have a significant role in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. CONCLUSION These biomarkers have a potential role in the progression of diabetic neuropathy and can be considered as potential targets for new drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveri M Adki
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
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14
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BAYKAL H, ÇİMEN F. A biomarker predicting unfavorable prognosis in malignant pleural mesothelioma: systemic immune–inflammation index. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.1242687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an extremely mortal condition. Only a few prognostic biomarkers have been described for MPM. Our study looked into the association between patient survival and the Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII).
Material and Method: A total of 158 patients who were admitted to our hospital between January 2013 and December 2022, and had a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of MPM were included in the study. Before treatment, hematological parameters and SII were determined. A Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation of mean survival with hematological parameters.
Results: The study involved 158 patients in all. 70 patients had a history of smoking, the median age was 63 years, the mean survival time was 15.3 months, and 57.6% of the participants were men. The epithelioid type (84.2%) was the most prevalent histological subtype, and 29 patients had stage 4 illnesses. Of the participants, 84% had received chemotherapy, and 22% had received radiotherapy before. Among the 39 patients who had surgery, 5 had an extrapleural pneumonectomy. SII mean±sd was (1427.2±1207.3). The patients with stage 4 disease had significantly shorter survival (p=0.001). The patients who had surgery survived significantly longer (p=0.01). Hemoglobin (Hb) (r:0.21, p:0.01) and Hematocrit (Hct) (r:0.18, p:0.03) values showed weak positive correlations with mean survival. It was evident that mean survival got shorter as SII (r:-0.17, p:0.04) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (r:-0.19, p:0.02) values got higher. On the other hand, there was a strong positive association between mean survival and the lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) (r:0.21, p:0.01). When the parameters that had statistically significant differences among the groups were taken as control variables and the statistical analysis was re-performed, it was found that Hgb and Hct values as well as NLR and LMR ratios lost their significant correlations with survival. However, the SII ratio was still negatively correlated with survival (r:-0.16, p:0.04).
Conclusion: Pretreatment SII is a noninvasive and easy-to-calculate biomarker that predicts the prognosis of MPM. It is negatively correlated with mean survival regardless of the tumor stage and surgical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüsnü BAYKAL
- SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ANKARA ATATÜRK GÖĞÜS HASTALIKLARI VE GÖĞÜS CERRAHİSİ SAĞLIK UYGULAMA VE ARAŞTIRMA MERKEZİ
| | - Filiz ÇİMEN
- Private Cankaya Life Hospital Ankara Turkey Chest Disease Department
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15
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Tsaballa A, Xanthopoulou A, Sperdouli I, Bantis F, Boutsika A, Chatzigeorgiou I, Tsaliki E, Koukounaras A, Ntinas GK, Ganopoulos I. LED omics in Rocket Salad ( Diplotaxis tenuifolia): Comparative Analysis in Different Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Spectrum and Energy Consumption. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1203. [PMID: 36986894 PMCID: PMC10059670 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
By applying three different LED light treatments, designated as blue (B), red (R)/blue (B), red (R) and white (W) light, as well as the control, the effect on Diplotaxis tenuifolia phenotype (yield and quality), and physiological, biochemical, and molecular status, as well as growing system resource use efficiency, was examined. We observed that basic leaf characteristics, such as leaf area, leaf number, relative chlorophyll content, as well as root characteristics, such as total root length and root architecture, remained unaffected by different LEDs. Yield expressed in fresh weight was slightly lower in LED lights than in the control (1113 g m-2), with R light producing the least (679 g m-2). However, total soluble solids were significantly affected (highest, 5.5° Brix, in R light) and FRAP was improved in all LED lights (highest, 191.8 μg/g FW, in B) in comparison to the control, while the nitrate content was less (lowest, 949.2 μg/g FW, in R). Differential gene expression showed that B LED light affected more genes in comparison to R and R/B lights. Although total phenolic content was improved under all LED lights (highest, 1.05 mg/g FW, in R/B), we did not detect a significant amount of DEGs in the phenylpropanoid pathway. R light positively impacts the expression of the genes encoding for photosynthesis components. On the other hand, the positive impact of R light on SSC was possibly due to the expression of key genes being induced, such as SUS1. In summary, this research is an integrative and innovative study, where the exploration of the effect of different LED lights on rocket growing under protected cultivation, in a closed chamber cultivation system, was performed at multiple levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aphrodite Tsaballa
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO-Dimitra), GR-57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Aliki Xanthopoulou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO-Dimitra), GR-57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Ilektra Sperdouli
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO-Dimitra), GR-57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Filippos Bantis
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Boutsika
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO-Dimitra), GR-57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Ioanna Chatzigeorgiou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO-Dimitra), GR-57001 Thermi, Greece
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Tsaliki
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO-Dimitra), GR-57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Athanasios Koukounaras
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios K. Ntinas
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO-Dimitra), GR-57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ganopoulos
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ELGO-Dimitra), GR-57001 Thermi, Greece
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16
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Influence of the Mediterranean Diet on Healthy Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054491. [PMID: 36901921 PMCID: PMC10003249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The life expectancy of the global population has increased. Aging is a natural physiological process that poses major challenges in an increasingly long-lived and frail population. Several molecular mechanisms are involved in aging. Likewise, the gut microbiota, which is influenced by environmental factors such as diet, plays a crucial role in the modulation of these mechanisms. The Mediterranean diet, as well as the components present in it, offer some proof of this. Achieving healthy aging should be focused on the promotion of healthy lifestyle habits that reduce the development of pathologies that are associated with aging, in order to increase the quality of life of the aging population. In this review we analyze the influence of the Mediterranean diet on the molecular pathways and the microbiota associated with more favorable aging patterns, as well as its possible role as an anti-aging treatment.
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17
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Mahmood R, Voisin A, Olof H, Khorasaniha R, Lawal SA, Armstrong HK. Host Microbiomes Influence the Effects of Diet on Inflammation and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:521. [PMID: 36672469 PMCID: PMC9857231 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, and there is a growing appreciation for the complex involvement of diet, microbiomes, and inflammatory processes culminating in tumorigenesis. Although research has significantly improved our understanding of the various factors involved in different cancers, the underlying mechanisms through which these factors influence tumor cells and their microenvironment remain to be completely understood. In particular, interactions between the different microbiomes, specific dietary factors, and host cells mediate both local and systemic immune responses, thereby influencing inflammation and tumorigenesis. Developing an improved understanding of how different microbiomes, beyond just the colonic microbiome, can interact with dietary factors to influence inflammatory processes and tumorigenesis will support our ability to better understand the potential for microbe-altering and dietary interventions for these patients in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsha Mahmood
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Athalia Voisin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Hana Olof
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Reihane Khorasaniha
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Samuel A. Lawal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Heather K. Armstrong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
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18
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Wang X, Geng S. Diet-gut microbial interactions influence cancer immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1138362. [PMID: 37035188 PMCID: PMC10081683 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1138362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is involved in the absorption and metabolism of host nutrients and modulates the immune response, affecting the efficacy of immunotherapy for cancer. In patients receiving immunotherapy, appropriate modifications of gut microbiota are thought to improve therapeutic response. Of all the factors that influence the gut microbiota, diet is the most influential and modifiable. Healthy dietary patterns as well as some specific dietary components can help the growth of beneficial microbiota in the gut, thereby protecting against cancers and promoting human health. A growing number of researches have confirmed the positive effects of a diet-gut microbiota approach as an adjuvant therapy for cancer, but controversy remains. Here, we summarize the interactions between diet and gut microbes based on previous studies, and discuss the role of gut microbiota-based dietary strategies in tumor immunotherapy, with the potential mechanisms of actions also intensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Oncology, First People's Hospital of Guangyuan, Guangyuan, China
| | - Shitao Geng
- Department of Emergency, First Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Zhanjiang, China
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19
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Kawahara N, Kawaguchi R, Waki K, Maehana T, Yamanaka S, Yamada Y, Kimura F. The prognosis predictive score around primary debulking surgery (PPSP) improves diagnostic efficacy in predicting the prognosis of ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22636. [PMID: 36587139 PMCID: PMC9805439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the pretreatment inflammatory responses have proven to predict the prognosis, but no report exists analyzing the combined inflammatory response of the pre- and postsurgical treatment. The current study aims to extract the factors predicting the recurrence and create novel predictive scoring. This retrospective study was conducted at our institution between November 2006 and December 2020, with follow-up until September 2022. Demographic and clinicopathological data were collected from women who underwent primary debulking surgery. We created the scoring system named the prognosis predictive score around primary debulking surgery(PPSP) for progression-free survival(PFS). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess its efficacy in predicting PFS and overall survival(OS). Cox regression analyses were used to assess its time-dependent efficacy. Kaplan-Meier and the log-rank test were used to compare the survival rate. A total of 235 patients were included in the current study. The cut-off value of the scoring system was six. Multivariate analyses revealed that an advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO) stage (p < 0.001 for PFS; p = 0.038 for OS), the decreased white blood cell count difference (p = 0.026 for PFS) and the high-PPSP (p = 0.004 for PFS; p = 0.002 for OS) were the independent prognostic factors. Cox regression analysis also supported the above results. The PPSP showed good prognostic efficacy not only in predicting the PFS but also OS of ovarian cancer patients comparable to FIGO staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kawahara
- grid.410814.80000 0004 0372 782XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8522 Japan
| | - Ryuji Kawaguchi
- grid.410814.80000 0004 0372 782XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8522 Japan
| | - Keita Waki
- grid.410814.80000 0004 0372 782XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8522 Japan
| | - Tomoka Maehana
- grid.410814.80000 0004 0372 782XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8522 Japan
| | - Shoichiro Yamanaka
- grid.410814.80000 0004 0372 782XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8522 Japan
| | - Yuki Yamada
- grid.410814.80000 0004 0372 782XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8522 Japan
| | - Fuminori Kimura
- grid.410814.80000 0004 0372 782XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8522 Japan
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20
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Bagheri A, Babaei M, Rezaei S, Motallebnejad ZA, Ganjalikhani M, Malekahmadi M, Esmaillzadeh A. The effect of Mediterranean diet on nutritional status, muscle mass and strength, and inflammatory factors in patients with colorectal cancer-induced cachexia: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial. Trials 2022; 23:1015. [DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06985-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Current dietary strategies to manage cancer cachexia and the relevant outcomes did not provide a comprehensive solution. This study will evaluate the effect of a Mediterranean diet on inflammatory markers, nutritional status, muscle mass, and strength among patients with cancer cachexia (CC).
Methods
This will be a randomized clinical trial involving men and women diagnosed with localized or advanced colorectal cancer-induced cachexia. In total, 40 patients with CC will be recruited based on inclusion criteria and then these patients will be randomly allocated to receive either a Mediterranean diet (n = 20) or only routine nutritional advice (n = 20) for 8 weeks. The primary outcome will be nutritional status, muscle mass and strength, and serum concentrations of inflammatory markers including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Moreover, we will consider serum albumin and total protein levels, complete blood count (CBC), and quality of life as the secondary outcomes. All outcomes will be measured at the beginning and end (the eighth week) of the study. We will assess participants’ adherence to the prescribed diets by using a 1-day food record in the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth weeks of the study.
Discussion
Along with adequate calorie and protein intake in cancer cachexia, reducing inflammatory cytokines might be a useful strategy for maintaining nutritional status and body composition. Mediterranean diet has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, and by its components, it might help patients with cachexia to have a better nutritional status and quality of life.
Trial registration
Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (www.irct.ir) RCT20211027052884N1. Prospectively registered on November 09, 2021.
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21
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Xie H, Ruan G, Wei L, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Ge Y, Lin S, Song M, Zhang X, Liu X, Zhang X, Li X, Zhang K, Yang M, Tang M, Deng L, Shi H. A novel inflammation-nutrition biomarker score for predicting prognosis of patients with cancer: results from a multicenter study. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1311. [DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
This study aimed to develop an innovative inflammation-nutrition biomarker score (INS) system to stratify the prognoses of patients with cancer.
Methods
A total of 5,221 patients with cancer from multiple centers in China between June 2010 and December 2017 were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. We compared the commonly used inflammation and nutrition biomarkers and selected the most valuable to develop the novel INS system. Survival curves were assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method and the log-rank test to evaluate the difference in survival rates between groups. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the association between biomarkers and all-cause mortality.
Results
As the risk stratification of INS increased (1 to 5), the rate of death for cancer patients gradually increased (25.43% vs. 37.09% vs. 44.59% vs. 56.21% vs. 61.65%, p < 0.001). The INS system was associated with all-cause mortality in patients with cancer. Patients with both high inflammation and nutrition risk (INS = 5) were estimated to have much worse prognosis than those with neither (HR, 2.606; 95%CI, 2.261–3.003, p < 0.001). Subsequently, the results of randomized internal validation also confirmed that INS system had an ideal effect in identifying adverse outcomes. In addition, the INS system could be used as a supplement to pathological stages in prognosis assessment, and had a higher predictive value in comparison with the constitute biomarkers. Patients with a high INS had less functional ability, reduced quality of life, and were at high risk of malnutrition, cachexia, and poor short-term outcomes.
Conclusion
The INS system based on inflammation and nutrition biomarkers is a simple and effective prognostic stratification tool for patients with cancer, which can provide a valuable reference for clinical prognosis assessment and treatment strategy formulation.
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22
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Mediterranean Food Industry By-Products as a Novel Source of Phytochemicals with a Promising Role in Cancer Prevention. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248655. [PMID: 36557789 PMCID: PMC9784942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is recognized as a sustainable dietary approach with beneficial health effects. This is highly relevant, although the production of typical Mediterranean food, i.e., olive oil or wine, processed tomatoes and pomegranate products, generates significant amounts of waste. Ideally, this waste should be disposed in an appropriate, eco-friendly way. A number of scientific papers were published recently showing that these by-products can be exploited as a valuable source of biologically active components with health benefits, including anticancer effects. In this review, accordingly, we elaborate on such phytochemicals recovered from the food waste generated during the processing of vegetables and fruits, typical of the Mediterranean diet, with a focus on substances with anticancer activity. The molecular mechanisms of these phytochemicals, which might be included in supporting treatment and prevention of various types of cancer, are presented. The use of bioactive components from food waste may improve the economic feasibility and sustainability of the food processing industry in the Mediterranean region and can provide a new strategy to approach prevention of cancer.
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23
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Xie H, Wei L, Liu M, Liang Y, Yuan G, Gao S, Wang Q, Lin X, Tang S, Gan J. Neutrophil-albumin ratio as a biomarker for postoperative complications and long-term prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing surgical treatment. Front Nutr 2022; 9:976216. [PMID: 36458178 PMCID: PMC9705583 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.976216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the prognostic value of the preoperative neutrophil-albumin ratio (NAR) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) undergoing surgical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The standardized log-rank statistic was used to determine the optimal cut-off value for NAR. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the value of NAR in predicting postoperative complications. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the independent association of NAR with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in CRC patients. Restricted cubic splines were used to assess the relationship between continuous NAR and survival in CRC patients. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to compare survival differences between low and high NAR groups. NAR-based prognostic nomograms were constructed to predict the 1-5-year PFS and OS of CRC patients. The concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve were used to evaluate the prognostic accuracy of the nomograms. RESULTS A total of 1,441 CRC patients were enrolled from January 2012 to December 2016. There were 904 men (62.7%) and 537 women (37.3%), with an average age of 58.12 ± 13.15 years. High NAR was closely associated with low BMI, advanced pathological stage, colon cancer, large tumors, vascular invasion, poor differentiation, high CEA levels, long hospital stay, and recurrence and metastasis. A high NAR was an independent risk factor for postoperative complications in CRC patients (OR: 2.298, 95% CI: 1.642-3.216, p < 0.001). Patients with a high NAR had worse PFS (40.7 vs. 59.5%, p < 0.001) and OS (42.6 vs. 62.4%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, high NAR was independently associated with PFS (HR: 1.280, 95% CI: 1.031-1.589, p = 0.025) and OS (HR: 1.280; 95% CI: 1.026-1.596, p = 0.029) in CRC patients. The C-index and calibration curves showed that the NAR-based prognostic nomograms had good predictive accuracy. CONCLUSION High NAR was an independent risk factor for postoperative complications and long-term prognosis of CRC patients. NAR-based research could provide references for prognostic judgment and clinical decision-making of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailun Xie
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, China
| | - Lishuang Wei
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Disease Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Mingxiang Liu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, China
| | - Yanren Liang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, China
| | - Guanghui Yuan
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, China
| | - Shunhui Gao
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, China
| | - Qiwen Wang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, China
- Grade 2018, Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shuangyi Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jialiang Gan
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, China
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Kawahara N, Kawaguchi R, Maehana T, Yamanaka S, Yamada Y, Kobayashi H, Kimura F. The Endometriotic Neoplasm Algorithm for Risk Assessment (e-NARA) Index Sheds Light on the Discrimination of Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer from Ovarian Endometrioma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2683. [PMID: 36359203 PMCID: PMC9687708 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance (MR) relaxometry provides a noninvasive tool to discriminate endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC) from ovarian endometrioma (OE) with high accuracy. However, this method has a limitation in discriminating malignancy in clinical use because the R2 value depends on the device manufacturer and repeated imaging is unrealistic. The current study aimed to reassess the diagnostic accuracy of MR relaxometry and investigate a more powerful tool to distinguish EAOC from OE. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted at our institution from December, 2012, to May, 2022. A total of 150 patients were included in this study. Patients with benign ovarian tumors (n = 108) mainly received laparoscopic surgery, and cases with suspected malignancy (n = 42) underwent laparotomy. Information from a chart review of the patients' medical records was collected. RESULTS A multiple regression analysis revealed that the age, the tumor diameter, and the R2 value were independent malignant predicting factors. The endometriotic neoplasm algorithm for risk assessment (e-NARA) index provided high accuracy (sensitivity, 85.7%; specificity, 87.0%) to discriminate EAOC from OE. CONCLUSIONS The e-NARA index is a reliable tool to assess the probability of malignant transformation of endometrioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kawahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
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Comprehensive comparison of the prognostic value of systemic inflammation biomarkers for cancer cachexia: a multicenter prospective study. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:1305-1313. [PMID: 35962796 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Systemic inflammation plays an important role in cancer cachexia. However, among the systemic inflammatory biomarkers, it is unclear which has optimal prognostic value for cancer cachexia. METHODS The Kaplan-Meier method was used and the log-rank analysis was performed to estimate survival differences between groups. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were conducted to assess independent risk factors for all-cause mortality. RESULTS The C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) was the optimal prognostic assessment tool for patients with cancer cachexia, with 1-, 3-, and 5-year predictive powers of 0.650, 0.658, and 0.605, respectively. Patients with a high CAR had significantly lower survival rates than those with a low CAR. Moreover, CAR can differentiate the prognoses of patients with the same pathological stage. Cox proportional risk regression analyses showed that a high CAR was an independent risk factor for cancer cachexia. For every standard deviation increase in CAR, the risk of poor prognosis for patients with cancer cachexia was increased by 20% (hazard ratio = 1.200, 95% confidence interval = 1.132-1.273, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS CAR is an effective representative of systemic inflammation and a powerful factor for predicting the life function and clinical outcome of patients with cancer cachexia.
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Birla M, Choudhary C, Singh G, Gupta S, Bhawana, Vavilala P. The Advent of Nutrigenomics: A Narrative Review with an Emphasis on Psychological Disorders. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:150-164. [PMID: 35919568 PMCID: PMC9309077 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.2.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A new research field is emerging that combines nutrition and genetics at the molecular level, namely nutrigenomics. Several aspects of nutrigenomics are examined in this review, with a particular focus on psychological disorders. The origin of this field in the 20th century and its modern developments have been investigated. Various studies have reported the impact of genetic factors and diet on various chronic disorders, elucidating how the deficiency of several macronutrients results in significant ailments, including diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and others. Furthermore, the application of nutrigenomics to diet and its impact on the global disease rate and quality of life have been discussed. The relationship between diet and gene expression can facilitate the classification of diet-gene interactions and the diagnosis of polymorphisms and anomalies. Numerous databases and research tools for the study of nutrigenomics are essential to the medical application of this field. The nutrition-gene interrelationships can be utilized to study brain development, impairment, and diseases, which could be a significant medical breakthrough. It has also been observed that psychological conditions are exacerbated by the interaction between gut microbes and the prevalence of malnutrition. This article focuses on the impact of nutrition on genes involved in various psychological disorders and the potential application of nutrigenomics as a revolutionary treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Birla
- Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110096, India
| | - Chanchal Choudhary
- Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110096, India
| | - Garima Singh
- Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110096, India
| | - Salvi Gupta
- Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110096, India
| | - Bhawana
- Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110096, India
| | - Pratyusha Vavilala
- Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110096, India
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Di Giosia P, Stamerra CA, Giorgini P, Jamialahamdi T, Butler AE, Sahebkar A. The role of nutrition in inflammaging. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 77:101596. [PMID: 35219904 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Old age is characterized by a peculiar low-grade, chronic, and "sterile" inflammatory state, which has been termed "inflammaging." This is believed to substantially contribute to the pathogenesis of many age-related diseases and to the progression of the ageing process. An adequate nutritional status is of great importance for maintaining proper immune system functionality and preventing frailty in the elderly. METHODS The purpose of this narrative review is to synthesize what is known about the interaction between inflammaging and nutrition, focusing on the role of the Mediterranean diet, gut microbiota and calorie restriction (CR) in reducing systemic inflammation and improving clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Dietary components may affect inflammation directly, counteracting the low grade age-related inflammation. In this regard, healthy diets, including the Mediterranean diet, are associated with lower concentrations of inflammatory mediators, like C-reactive protein (CRP) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), that are hallmarks of inflammaging. Among the components of a healthy diet, a higher intake of whole grains, vegetables and fruits, nuts and fish are all associated with lower inflammation. One area of promising research is the microbiome-ageing interaction. Indeed, dysbiosis plays a role in sub-optimal metabolism, immune function and brain function and contributes to the poor health and impaired well-being associated with ageing. Modulation of the gut microbiota has shown promising results in some disorders. Additionally, the discovery of several molecular pathways associated with ageing, and the characterization of the beneficial effects of calorie restriction (CR) in modulating metabolic pathways and preventing inflammation, should encourage research on CR mimetics, drugs able to promote lifespan and extend healthspan.
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Endo M, Kamizaki K, Minami Y. The Ror-Family Receptors in Development, Tissue Regeneration and Age-Related Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:891763. [PMID: 35493090 PMCID: PMC9043558 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.891763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ror-family proteins, Ror1 and Ror2, act as receptors or co-receptors for Wnt5a and its related Wnt proteins to activate non-canonical Wnt signaling. Ror1 and/or Ror2-mediated signaling plays essential roles in regulating cell polarity, migration, proliferation and differentiation during developmental morphogenesis, tissue-/organo-genesis and regeneration of adult tissues following injury. Ror1 and Ror2 are expressed abundantly in developing tissues in an overlapping, yet distinct manner, and their expression in adult tissues is restricted to specific cell types such as tissue stem/progenitor cells. Expression levels of Ror1 and/or Ror2 in the adult tissues are increased following injury, thereby promoting regeneration or repair of these injured tissues. On the other hand, disruption of Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling is implicated in senescence of tissue stem/progenitor cells that is related to the impaired regeneration capacity of aged tissues. In fact, Ror1 and Ror2 are implicated in age-related diseases, including tissue fibrosis, atherosclerosis (or arteriosclerosis), neurodegenerative diseases, and cancers. In these diseases, enhanced and/or sustained (chronic) expression of Ror1 and/or Ror2 is observed, and they might contribute to the progression of these diseases through Wnt5a-dependent and -independent manners. In this article, we overview recent advances in our understanding of the roles of Ror1 and Ror2-mediated signaling in the development, tissue regeneration and age-related diseases, and discuss their potential to be therapeutic targets for chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers.
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Maitra U, Stephen C, Ciesla LM. Drug discovery from natural products - Old problems and novel solutions for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 210:114553. [PMID: 34968995 PMCID: PMC8792363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of natural products has been shown to be a fruitful approach in the discovery of novel pharmaceuticals. In fact, many currently approved drugs originated from compounds that were first identified in nature. Chemical diversity of natural compounds cannot be matched by man-made libraries of chemically synthesized molecules. Many natural compounds interact with and modulate regulatory protein targets and can be considered evolutionarily-optimized drug-like molecules. Despite this, many pharmaceutical companies have reduced or eliminated their natural product discovery programs in the last two decades. Screening natural products for pharmacologically active compounds is a challenging task that requires high resource commitment. Novel approaches at the early stage of the drug discovery pipeline are needed to allow for rapid screening and identification of the most promising molecules. Here, we review the possible evolutionary roots for drug-like characteristics of numerous natural compounds. Since many of these compounds target evolutionarily conserved cellular signaling pathways, we propose novel, early-stage drug discovery approaches to identify drug candidates that can be used for the potential prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Invertebrate in vivo animal models of neurodegenerative diseases and innovative tools used within these models are proposed here as a screening funnel to identify new drug candidates and to shuttle these hits into further stages of the drug discovery pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmila Maitra
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Cayman Stephen
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Lukasz M Ciesla
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
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Arituluk ZC, Adhikari B, Maitra U, Goodman C, Ciesla LM. Cellular Membrane Affinity Chromatography Columns to Identify Specialized Plant Metabolites Interacting with Immobilized Tropomyosin Kinase Receptor B. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/63118. [PMID: 35129164 PMCID: PMC11077631 DOI: 10.3791/63118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemicals synthesized by plants, fungi, bacteria, and marine invertebrates have been a rich source of new drug hits and leads. Medicines such as statins, penicillin, paclitaxel, rapamycin, or artemisinin, commonly used in medical practice, have been first identified and isolated from natural products. However, the identification and isolation of biologically active specialized metabolites from natural sources is a challenging and time-consuming process. Traditionally, individual metabolites are isolated and purified from complex mixtures, following the extraction of biomass. Subsequently, the isolated molecules are tested in functional assays to verify their biological activity. Here we present the use of cellular membrane affinity chromatography (CMAC) columns to identify biologically active compounds directly from complex mixtures. CMAC columns allow for the identification of compounds interacting with immobilized functional transmembrane proteins (TMPs) embedded in their native phospholipid bilayer environment. This is a targeted approach, which requires knowing the TMP whose activity one intends to modulate with the newly identified small molecule drug candidate. In this protocol, we present an approach to prepare CMAC columns with immobilized tropomyosin kinase receptor B (TrkB), which has emerged as a viable target for drug discovery for numerous nervous system disorders. In this article, we provide a detailed protocol to assemble the CMAC column with immobilized TrkB receptors using neuroblastoma cell lines overexpressing TrkB receptors. We further present the approach to investigate the functionality of the column and its use in the identification of specialized plant metabolites interacting with TrkB receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekiye Ceren Arituluk
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama; Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University
| | - Bishnu Adhikari
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama
| | - Urmila Maitra
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama
| | | | - Lukasz M Ciesla
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama;
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Kopčeková J, Kolesárová A, Schwarzová M, Kováčik A, Mrázová J, Gažarová M, Lenártová P, Chlebo P, Kolesárová A. Phytonutrients of Bitter Apricot Seeds Modulate Human Lipid Profile and LDL Subfractions in Adults with Elevated Cholesterol Levels. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020857. [PMID: 35055679 PMCID: PMC8775948 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of short-term consumption of bitter apricot seeds phytonutrients on cardiovascular risk factors with a special focus on LDL cholesterol subfractions using the Lipoprint system. A group of 34 adult volunteers (21 female/13 male) consumed 60 mg kg−1 of body weight of bitter apricot seeds daily for 42 days. Subjects were divided into two groups: one with normal cholesterol levels (NTC) and one with elevated total cholesterol levels (ETC). Blood serum levels of total cholesterol (T-C), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) did not change significantly (p > 0.05) in NTC group. However, there were significant decreasing of T-C (p ˂ 0.05) and LDL-C (p < 0.01) in ETC group. The LDL1, LDL2, and atherogenic LDL3−7 subfractions progressively decreased after 42 days of apricot seeds consumption in ETC group (p < 0.05). Apricot seeds consumption was associated with a significant increase in the mean LDL particle size especially in ETC group (p ˂ 0.01). The results of the present study support the hypothesis that daily consumption of bitter apricot seeds for 42 days positively modified the lipoprotein profile in the group with elevated total cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kopčeková
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.S.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-37-641-4225
| | - Anna Kolesárová
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Marianna Schwarzová
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.S.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Anton Kováčik
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Jana Mrázová
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.S.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Martina Gažarová
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.S.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Petra Lenártová
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.S.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Peter Chlebo
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.S.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Adriana Kolesárová
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.K.); (A.K.)
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Ly TTG, Yun J, Lee DH, Chung JS, Kwon SM. Protective Effects and Benefits of Olive Oil and Its Extracts on Women's Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:4279. [PMID: 34959830 PMCID: PMC8705829 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Women and men share similar diseases; however, women have unique issues, including gynecologic diseases and diseases related to menstruation, menopause, and post menopause. In recent decades, scientists paid more attention to natural products and their derivatives because of their good tolerability and effectiveness in disease prevention and treatment. Olive oil is an essential component in the Mediterranean diet, a diet well known for its protective impact on human well-being. Investigation of the active components in olive oil, such as oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, showed positive effects in various diseases. Their effects have been clarified in many suggested mechanisms and have shown promising results in animal and human studies, especially in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, postmenopausal osteoporosis, and other disorders. This review summarizes the current evidence of the role of olives and olive polyphenols in women's health issues and their potential implications in the treatment and prevention of health problems in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Truong Giang Ly
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (T.T.G.L.); (J.Y.)
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Jisoo Yun
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (T.T.G.L.); (J.Y.)
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Joo-Seop Chung
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (T.T.G.L.); (J.Y.)
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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Bartha V, Exner L, Schweikert D, Peter Woelber J, Vach K, Meyer AL, Basrai M, Bischoff SC, Meller C, Wolff D. Effect of the Mediterranean diet on gingivitis: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 49:111-122. [PMID: 34818686 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 6-week Mediterranean diet (MD) intervention on gingival inflammatory and anthropometric parameters of patients with gingivitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two participants were allocated to MD group (MDG) or control group (CG). After a 2-week equilibration period regarding dental care procedures, only MDG changed their diet to MD for 6 weeks, supported by a diet counselling. Gingival and anthropometric parameters were assessed at baseline (T0), Week 2 (T1, beginning of MD intervention), and Week 8 (T2). Adherence to MD was assessed by the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS); dietary behaviour was evaluated by the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults Food Frequency Questionnaire (DEGS-FFQ). RESULTS Plaque values remained constant in both groups. Inflammatory periodontal and anthropometric parameters decreased in the MDG only (gingival index: T1 1.51 ± 0.21, T2 1.49 ± 0.24; bleeding on probing: T1 51.00 ± 14.65, T2 39.93 ± 13.74; body weight: T1 79.01 ± 15.62, T2 77.29 ± 17.00; waist circumference: T1 84.41 ± 10.1, T2 83.17 ± 10.47 (p < .05). MEDAS revealed a sufficient diet adherence for MDG. CONCLUSION Within this study, gingival inflammatory parameters were significantly reduced by MD, whereas plaque parameters remained constant. The diet counselling achieved sufficient adherence with beneficial changes in weight loss and waist circumference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Bartha
- Department for Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lea Exner
- Department for Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Schweikert
- Nutrition Support Team, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Johan Peter Woelber
- Department for Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Anna-Lisa Meyer
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maryam Basrai
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Meller
- Department for Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Diana Wolff
- Department for Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Yiannakou I, Singer MR, Jacques PF, Xanthakis V, Ellison RC, Moore LL. Adherence to a Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern and Cancer Risk in a Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114064. [PMID: 34836319 PMCID: PMC8622098 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A Mediterranean-style diet is a healthy eating pattern that may benefit cancer risk, but evidence among Americans is scarce. We examined the prospective association between adherence to such a diet pattern and total cancer risk. A Mediterranean-style dietary pattern (MSDP) score was derived from a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire at exam 5 (1991–1995). Subjects included 2966 participants of the Framingham Offspring Study who were free of prevalent cancer. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and anthropometric measures. Cox-models were also used to examine effect modification by lifestyle and anthropometric measures. During 18 years of median follow-up, 259 women and 352 men were diagnosed with cancer. Women with moderate or higher adherence to the MSDP had ≥25% lower risks of cancer than women with the lowest MSDP (HR (moderate vs. lowest): 0.71, 95% CI: 0.52–0.97 and HR (highest vs. lowest): 0.74; 95% CI: 0.55–0.99). The association between MSDP score and cancer risk in men was weaker except in non-smokers. Beneficial effects of the MSDP in women were stronger among those who were not overweight. In this study, higher adherence to MSDP was associated with lower cancer risk, especially among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Yiannakou
- Department of Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (I.Y.); (M.R.S.); (V.X.); (R.C.E.)
- Graduate Programs in Nutrition and Metabolism, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Martha R. Singer
- Department of Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (I.Y.); (M.R.S.); (V.X.); (R.C.E.)
| | - Paul F. Jacques
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Vanessa Xanthakis
- Department of Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (I.Y.); (M.R.S.); (V.X.); (R.C.E.)
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - R. Curtis Ellison
- Department of Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (I.Y.); (M.R.S.); (V.X.); (R.C.E.)
| | - Lynn L. Moore
- Department of Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (I.Y.); (M.R.S.); (V.X.); (R.C.E.)
- Graduate Programs in Nutrition and Metabolism, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-358-1325
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Jiang Y, Xu D, Song H, Qiu B, Tian D, Li Z, Ji Y, Wang J. Inflammation and nutrition-based biomarkers in the prognosis of oesophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e048324. [PMID: 34593492 PMCID: PMC8487212 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating literature has shown the predictive values of inflammation and nutrition-based biomarkers in the prognosis of oesophageal cancer but with inconsistent findings. METHOD We performed a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the predictive value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), C reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR), systemic inflammation index (SII), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) and modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) in oesophageal cancer. The outcome indicators include the overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). We applied pooled HR, sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio and area under the curve together with 95% CI to estimate the predictive accuracy. RESULTS A total of 72 studies, including 22 260 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. Elevated NLR, PLR CAR, SII, GPS, mGPS and decreased LMR and PNI were associated with poor OS of oesophageal cancer. A high level of NLR, PLR and GPS was related to poor DFS. A high level of NLR and GPS was related to poor CSS. The summarised AUC of CAR (0.72, 95% CI: 0.68 to 0.75) and mGPS (0.75, 95% CI: 0.71 to 0.78) surpassed any other indicators. CONCLUSIONS Clinical indicators such as NLR, PLR, LMR, PNI, SII, CAR, GPS and mGPS have the moderate predictive ability in OS, DFS and CSS of oesophageal cancer. The pretreatment level of CAR and mGPS showed an outstanding prediction value in 5-year OS for oesophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dian Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China
| | - Huan Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Beibei Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongqi Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Ji
- Department of Epidemiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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DEMİR M, YAĞMUR İ, PELİT ES, KATI B, ALBAYRAK İH, ÇİFTÇİ H. Evaluation of the diagnostic efficiency of systemic immune-inflammation index in prostate biopsy. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.981394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Shintouo CM, Shey RA, Mets T, Vanhamme L, Souopgui J, Ghogomu SM, Njemini R. Onchocerciasis Fingerprints in the Geriatric Population: Does Host Immunity Play a Role? Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:tropicalmed6030153. [PMID: 34449738 PMCID: PMC8396225 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6030153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most debilitating consequences of aging is the progressive decline in immune function, known as immunosenescence. This phenomenon is characterized by a shift in T-cell phenotypes, with a manifest decrease of naive T-cells-dealing with newly encountered antigens-and a concomitant accumulation of senescent and regulatory T-cells, leading to a greater risk of morbidity and mortality in older subjects. Additionally, with aging, several studies have unequivocally revealed an increase in the prevalence of onchocerciasis infection. Most lymphatic complications, skin and eye lesions due to onchocerciasis are more frequent among the elderly population. While the reasons for increased susceptibility to onchocerciasis with age are likely to be multi-factorial, age-associated immune dysfunction could play a key role in the onset and progression of the disease. On the other hand, there is a growing consensus that infection with onchocerciasis may evoke deleterious effects on the host's immunity and exacerbate immune dysfunction. Indeed, Onchocerca volvulus has been reported to counteract the immune responses of the host through molecular mimicry by impairing T-cell activation and interfering with the processing of antigens. Moreover, reports indicate impaired cellular and humoral immune responses even to non-parasite antigens in onchocerciasis patients. This diminished protective response may intensify the immunosenescence outcomes, with a consequent vulnerability of those affected to additional diseases. Taken together, this review is aimed at contributing to a better understanding of the immunological and potential pathological mechanisms of onchocerciasis in the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cabirou Mounchili Shintouo
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (C.M.S.); (T.M.)
- Department of Gerontology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (R.A.S.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Robert Adamu Shey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (R.A.S.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Tony Mets
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (C.M.S.); (T.M.)
- Department of Gerontology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Vanhamme
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies Campus, 126040 Gosselies, Belgium; (L.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Jacob Souopgui
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies Campus, 126040 Gosselies, Belgium; (L.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Stephen Mbigha Ghogomu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (R.A.S.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Rose Njemini
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (C.M.S.); (T.M.)
- Department of Gerontology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-24774241
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Fast Antioxidant Reaction of Polyphenols and Their Metabolites. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081297. [PMID: 34439545 PMCID: PMC8389220 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The negative correlation between diets rich in fruits and vegetables and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, atherosclerosis, cognitive impairment and other deleterious conditions is well established, with flavonoids and other polyphenols held to be partly responsible for the beneficial effects. Initially, these effects were explained by their antioxidant ability, but the low concentrations of polyphenols in tissues and relatively slow reaction with free radicals suggested that, instead, they act by regulating cell signalling pathways. Here we summarise results demonstrating that the abandonment of an antioxidant role for food polyphenols is based on incomplete knowledge of the mechanism of the polyphenol-free radical reaction. New kinetic measurements show that the reaction is up to 1000 times faster than previously reported and lowers the damaging potential of the radicals. The results also show that the antioxidant action does not require phenolic groups, but only a carbon-centred free radical and an aromatic molecule. Thus, not only food polyphenols but also many of their metabolites are effective antioxidants, significantly increasing the antioxidant protection of cells and tissues. By restoring an important antioxidant role for food polyphenols, the new findings provide experimental support for the advocacy of diets rich in plant-derived food.
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Malnutrition in Older Adults-Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082764. [PMID: 34444924 PMCID: PMC8399049 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition in older adults has been recognised as a challenging health concern associated with not only increased mortality and morbidity, but also with physical decline, which has wide ranging acute implications for activities of daily living and quality of life in general. Malnutrition is common and may also contribute to the development of the geriatric syndromes in older adults. Malnutrition in the old is reflected by either involuntary weight loss or low body mass index, but hidden deficiencies such as micronutrient deficiencies are more difficult to assess and therefore frequently overlooked in the community-dwelling old. In developed countries, the most cited cause of malnutrition is disease, as both acute and chronic disorders have the potential to result in or aggravate malnutrition. Therefore, as higher age is one risk factor for developing disease, older adults have the highest risk of being at nutritional risk or becoming malnourished. However, the aetiology of malnutrition is complex and multifactorial, and the development of malnutrition in the old is most likely also facilitated by ageing processes. This comprehensive narrative review summarizes current evidence on the prevalence and determinants of malnutrition in old adults spanning from age-related changes to disease-associated risk factors, and outlines remaining challenges in the understanding, identification as well as treatment of malnutrition, which in some cases may include targeted supplementation of macro- and/or micronutrients, when diet alone is not sufficient to meet age-specific requirements.
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Matsubara S, Mabuchi S, Takeda Y, Kawahara N, Kobayashi H. Prognostic value of pre-treatment systemic immune-inflammation index in patients with endometrial cancer. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248871. [PMID: 33989285 PMCID: PMC8121307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), which is calculated using absolute platelet, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts, has recently attracted attentions as a prognostic indicator in patients with solid malignancies. In the current study, we retrospectively investigated the prognostic significance of pre-treatment SII among patients with endometrial cancer. METHOD Endometrial cancer patients treated at Nara medical university hospital between 2008 and 2018 were included in the current study. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to find the optimal SII cut-off values for 3-years progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Then, the predictive abilities of SII and its superiority over neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were investigated. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the OS and PFS rates, and log-rank test was used to compare the survival rate between two groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to identify risk factors for PFS and OS. RESULT A total of 442 patients were included in the current study. The cut-off value of SII for predicting PFS and OS were defined by ROC analysis as 931 and 910, respectively. Univariate analyses showed that elevated SII was associated with significantly shorter survival (p <0.001 for both PFS and OS). Cox regression analyses revealed that an advanced FIGO stage (p <0.001 for both PFS and OS) and an elevated SII (p = 0.014 for PFS, p = 0.011 for OS) are the independent prognostic factors for survival. When SII was compared with NLR and PLR, SII showed greater area under curve for predicting survival. CONCLUSION The SII is an independent prognostic factor in endometrial cancer patients, allowing more precise survival estimation than PLR or NLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Matsubara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Seiji Mabuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoshinori Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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Feehan J, Tripodi N, Apostolopoulos V. The twilight of the immune system: The impact of immunosenescence in aging. Maturitas 2021; 147:7-13. [PMID: 33832647 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a critical part of human anti-tumor defence; however, the accumulation of senescent cells with age underpins a wide range of pathologies. Senescent change in immune cells, or immunosenescence, has a wide range of physiological effects and is at least partially responsible for many diseases associated with aging. Immunosenescence underpins inflammaging, increased vulnerability to infectious disease with age, malignant change in the elderly, and auto-immunity. Understanding the effects and mechanisms of immunosenescence will improve disease outcomes and prevention in older adults, and generate new treatments for common illnesses. In this review we summarize the key changes occurring in immunosenescence across each facet of the immune system, and identify their clinical correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Feehan
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine - Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria University and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Nicholas Tripodi
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria University and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Moreno-Franco B, Rodríguez-Ayala M, Donat-Vargas C, Sandoval-Insausti H, Rey-García J, Lopez-Garcia E, Banegas JR, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Guallar-Castillón P. Association of Cooking Patterns with Inflammatory and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Biomarkers. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020633. [PMID: 33669219 PMCID: PMC7919797 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet has been clearly associated with cardiovascular disease, but few studies focus on the influence of cooking and food preservation methods on health. The aim of this study was to describe cooking and food preservation patterns, as well as to examine their association with inflammatory and cardio-metabolic biomarkers in the Spanish adult population. A cross-sectional study of 10,010 individuals, representative of the Spanish population, aged 18 years or over was performed using data from the ENRICA study. Food consumption data were collected through a face-to-face dietary history. Cooking and food preservation patterns were identified by factor analysis with varimax rotation. Linear regression models adjusted for main confounders were built. Four cooking and food preservation patterns were identified. The Spanish traditional pattern (positively correlated with boiling and sautéing, brining, and light frying) tends to be cardio-metabolically beneficial (with a reduction in C-reactive protein (−7.69%)), except for high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), insulin levels, and anthropometrics. The health-conscious pattern (negatively correlated with battering, frying, and stewing) tends to improve renal function (with a reduction in urine albumin (−9.60%) and the urine albumin/creatinine ratio (−4.82%)). The youth-style pattern (positively correlated with soft drinks and distilled alcoholic drinks and negatively with raw food consumption) tends to be associated with good cardio-metabolic health except, for lower HDL-c (−6.12%), higher insulin (+6.35%), and higher urine albumin (+27.8%) levels. The social business pattern (positively correlated with the consumption of fermented alcoholic drinks, food cured with salt or smoke, and cured cheese) tends to be detrimental for the lipid profile (except HDL-c), renal function (urine albumin +8.04%), diastolic blood pressure (+2.48%), and anthropometrics. Cooking and food preservation patterns showed a relationship with inflammatory and cardio-metabolic health biomarkers. The Spanish traditional pattern and the health-conscious pattern were associated with beneficial effects on health and should be promoted. The youth-style pattern calls attention to some concerns, and the social business pattern was the most detrimental one. These findings support the influence of cooking and preservation patterns on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Moreno-Franco
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Montserrat Rodríguez-Ayala
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPAZ and CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.-A.); (C.D.-V.); (H.S.-I.); (J.R.-G.); (E.L.-G.); (J.R.B.); (F.R.-A.)
| | - Carolina Donat-Vargas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPAZ and CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.-A.); (C.D.-V.); (H.S.-I.); (J.R.-G.); (E.L.-G.); (J.R.B.); (F.R.-A.)
- IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Sandoval-Insausti
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPAZ and CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.-A.); (C.D.-V.); (H.S.-I.); (J.R.-G.); (E.L.-G.); (J.R.B.); (F.R.-A.)
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jimena Rey-García
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPAZ and CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.-A.); (C.D.-V.); (H.S.-I.); (J.R.-G.); (E.L.-G.); (J.R.B.); (F.R.-A.)
- Internal Medicine Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPAZ and CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.-A.); (C.D.-V.); (H.S.-I.); (J.R.-G.); (E.L.-G.); (J.R.B.); (F.R.-A.)
- IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José R. Banegas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPAZ and CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.-A.); (C.D.-V.); (H.S.-I.); (J.R.-G.); (E.L.-G.); (J.R.B.); (F.R.-A.)
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPAZ and CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.-A.); (C.D.-V.); (H.S.-I.); (J.R.-G.); (E.L.-G.); (J.R.B.); (F.R.-A.)
- IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Guallar-Castillón
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPAZ and CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.-A.); (C.D.-V.); (H.S.-I.); (J.R.-G.); (E.L.-G.); (J.R.B.); (F.R.-A.)
- IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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An Oxidative Stress Index-Based Score for Prognostic Prediction in Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Surgery. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6693707. [PMID: 33505587 PMCID: PMC7811428 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6693707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study is aimed at developing and validating a novel scoring system, based on oxidative stress indexes, for prognostic prediction in CRC patients. A retrospective analysis of 1422 CRC patients who underwent surgical resection between January 2013 and December 2017 was performed. These patients were randomly assigned to the training set (n = 1022) or the validation set (n = 400). Cox regression model was used to analyze the laboratory parameters. The CRC-Integrated Oxidative Stress Score (CIOSS) was developed from albumin (ALB), direct bilirubin (DBIL), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), which were significantly associated with survival in CRC patients. Furthermore, a survival nomogram was generated by combining the CIOSS with other beneficial clinical characteristics. The CIOSS generated was as follows: 0.074 × albumin (g/L), −0.094 × bilirubin (μmol/L), and -0.099 × blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L), based on the multivariable Cox regression analysis. Using 50% (0.1025) and 85% (0.481) of CIOSS as cutoff values, three prognostically distinct groups were formed. Patients with high CIOSS experienced worse overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.80-6.68; P < 0.001) and worse disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 3.02; 95% CI, 1.96-4.64; P < 0.001) compared to those with low CIOSS. This predictive nomogram had good calibration and discrimination. ROC analyses showed that the CIOSS possessed excellent performance (AUC = 0.818) in predicting DFS. The AUC of the OS nomogram based on CIOSS, TNM stage, T stage, and chemotherapy was 0.812, while that of the DFS nomogram based on CIOSS, T stage, and TNM stage was 0.855. Decision curve analysis showed that these two prediction models were clinically useful. CIOSS is a CRC-specific prognostic index based on the combination of available oxidative stress indexes. High CIOSS is a powerful indicator of poor prognosis. The CIOSS also showed better predictive performance compared to TNM stage in CRC patients.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) in malignancy based on existing evidence. METHODS We searched for relevant literature published in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase before April 10, 2020. Hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated and pooled to evaluate the relationship between SIRI and malignancy outcomes. RESULTS We included 14 articles, describing 6,035 patients. Our findings revealed that patients with high SIRI had worse overall survival (OS) (HR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.85-2.62, P < .001), disease-free survival (DFS) (HR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.49-2.48, P < .001), time-to-progression (TTP) (HR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.55-2.58, P < .001), progression-free survival (PFS) (HR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.38-2.16, P < .001), cancer-specific survival (CSS) (HR: 3.57, 95% CI: 2.25-5.68, P < 0.001), disease-specific survival (DSS) (HR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.46 - 2.72, P < .001), and metastasis-free survival (MFS) (HR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.28-3.99, P = .005) than patients with low SIRI. The correlation between SIRI and OS did not change in a subgroup analysis. Meta-regression indicated that heterogeneity may be related to differences in primary therapy strategies. Sensitivity analysis suggested that our results were reliable. CONCLUSIONS SIRI could be used as a useful predictor of poor prognosis during malignancy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishuang Wei
- Geriatric Respiratory Disease Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
| | - Hailun Xie
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Ping Yan
- Geriatric Respiratory Disease Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
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Kushwaha S, Khanna P, Srivastava R, Jain R, Singh T, Kiran T. Estimates of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition among the elderly (≥60 years) in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 63:101137. [PMID: 32805453 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Death is inevitable, but healthy ageing is possible with proper nutrition and health care. This systematic review and meta-analysis conducted to estimate the nation-wide prevalence and malnutrition and risk of malnutrition among the elderly in India. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane`s library, Google Scholar were searched for the articles reporting the prevalence of malnutrition among the elderly using MNA or MNA-SF tools. The study published between the year 2010-2019 were included. Sensitivity analysis, quality assessment was done using standard methods. The publication biasness was also determined using Doi plot and LFK index. The pooled prevalence was reported with effect size and considering the random effect model and quality effect model. The subgroup analysis was also conducted for gender, study setting, study area and study regions. RESULTS The prevalence of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition among the elderly was 18.29% and 48.17% respectively. The prevalence of malnutrition was higher among female (16.67%), clinic setting (28.87%), urban areas (19.29%) and northern region (27.37%) of India. This trend differs with the prevalence of risk of malnutrition. Meta-regression analysis shows a region-based prediction of malnutrition and setting based prediction of risk of malnutrition. CONCLUSION The prevalence of malnutrition was not considerably higher among the elderly population but about half of the elderly population were at risk of malnutrition. This trend differs with the gender, study setting, study area and study region. Additional study using other nutritional assessment tools were needed. Intervention studies among the elderly were recommended.
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Amin MZ, Rity TI, Uddin MR, Rahman MM, Uddin MJ. A comparative assessment of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial activities of hybrid and indigenous varieties of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Linn.) seed oil. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Laborda-Illanes A, Sanchez-Alcoholado L, Dominguez-Recio ME, Jimenez-Rodriguez B, Lavado R, Comino-Méndez I, Alba E, Queipo-Ortuño MI. Breast and Gut Microbiota Action Mechanisms in Breast Cancer Pathogenesis and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2465. [PMID: 32878124 PMCID: PMC7565530 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In breast cancer (BC) the employment of sequencing technologies for metagenomic analyses has allowed not only the description of the overall metagenomic landscape but also the specific microbial changes and their functional implications. Most of the available data suggest that BC is related to bacterial dysbiosis in both the gut microenvironment and breast tissue. It is hypothesized that changes in the composition and functions of several breast and gut bacterial taxa may contribute to BC development and progression through several pathways. One of the most prominent roles of gut microbiota is the regulation of steroid-hormone metabolism, such as estrogens, a component playing an important role as risk factor in BC development, especially in postmenopausal women. On the other hand, breast and gut resident microbiota are the link in the reciprocal interactions between cancer cells and their local environment, since microbiota are capable of modulating mucosal and systemic immune responses. Several in vivo and in vitro studies show remarkable evidence that diet, probiotics and prebiotics could exert important anticarcinogenic effects in BC. Moreover, gut microbiota have an important role in the metabolism of chemotherapeutic drugs and in the activity of immunogenic chemotherapies since they are a potential dominant mediator in the response to cancer therapy. Then, the microbiome impact in BC is multi-factorial, and the gut and breast tissue bacteria population could be important in regulating the local immune system, in tumor formation and progression and in therapy response and/or resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Laborda-Illanes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.L.-I.); (L.S.-A.); (M.E.D.-R.); (B.J.-R.); (R.L.); (I.C.-M.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Lidia Sanchez-Alcoholado
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.L.-I.); (L.S.-A.); (M.E.D.-R.); (B.J.-R.); (R.L.); (I.C.-M.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - María Emilia Dominguez-Recio
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.L.-I.); (L.S.-A.); (M.E.D.-R.); (B.J.-R.); (R.L.); (I.C.-M.)
| | - Begoña Jimenez-Rodriguez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.L.-I.); (L.S.-A.); (M.E.D.-R.); (B.J.-R.); (R.L.); (I.C.-M.)
| | - Rocío Lavado
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.L.-I.); (L.S.-A.); (M.E.D.-R.); (B.J.-R.); (R.L.); (I.C.-M.)
| | - Iñaki Comino-Méndez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.L.-I.); (L.S.-A.); (M.E.D.-R.); (B.J.-R.); (R.L.); (I.C.-M.)
| | - Emilio Alba
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.L.-I.); (L.S.-A.); (M.E.D.-R.); (B.J.-R.); (R.L.); (I.C.-M.)
| | - María Isabel Queipo-Ortuño
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.L.-I.); (L.S.-A.); (M.E.D.-R.); (B.J.-R.); (R.L.); (I.C.-M.)
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Sanchez-Morate E, Gimeno-Mallench L, Stromsnes K, Sanz-Ros J, Román-Domínguez A, Parejo-Pedrajas S, Inglés M, Olaso G, Gambini J, Mas-Bargues C. Relationship between Diet, Microbiota, and Healthy Aging. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E287. [PMID: 32823858 PMCID: PMC7460310 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to medical advances and lifestyle changes, population life expectancy has increased. For this reason, it is important to achieve healthy aging by reducing the risk factors causing damage and pathologies associated with age. Through nutrition, one of the pillars of health, we are able to modify these factors through modulation of the intestinal microbiota. The Mediterranean and Oriental diets are proof of this, as well as the components present in them, such as fiber and polyphenols. These generate beneficial effects on the body thanks, in part, to their interaction with intestinal bacteria. Likewise, the low consumption of products with high fat content favors the state of the microbiota, contributing to the maintenance of good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Sanchez-Morate
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Lucia Gimeno-Mallench
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cardenal Herrera CEU University, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Kristine Stromsnes
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Jorge Sanz-Ros
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Aurora Román-Domínguez
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Sergi Parejo-Pedrajas
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Marta Inglés
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Gloria Olaso
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Juan Gambini
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
| | - Cristina Mas-Bargues
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES-ISCIII, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.S.-M.); (L.G.-M.); (K.S.); (J.S.-R.); (A.R.-D.); (S.P.-P.); (G.O.); (C.M.-B.)
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Divella R, Daniele A, Savino E, Paradiso A. Anticancer Effects of Nutraceuticals in the Mediterranean Diet: An Epigenetic Diet Model. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 17:335-350. [PMID: 32576579 PMCID: PMC7367609 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies support the association between nutrition and development or progression of different malignancies such as colon, breast, and prostate cancer, defining these tumors as diet-associated cancer. The Mediterranean diet shows inverse associations with metabolic diseases, cardiovascular pathologies and various types of cancer. Many bioactive nutrients of the Mediterranean diet have been identified as factors protective against these types of pathologies. The epigenome has been identified as the primary goal of modulations in gene expression related to these molecular nutrients. In fact, they can modify the epigenome and can be incorporated into the 'epigenetic diet', which translates into a diet regimen that can be used therapeutically for health or preventative purposes. Most epigenetic changes are influenced by lifestyle and nutrition. Epigenetic therapy is a new area for the development of nutraceuticals whose absence of toxicity can represent a valid asset in cancer prevention strategies. Recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of nutrigenomics, nutrigenetics and nutraceuticals have led to the identification of superfoods capable of favorably conditioning gene expression. In this review, we highlight the importance of nutraceuticals present in the Mediterranean diet as epigenetic modifiers both in the mechanisms of tumor onset and as protective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Divella
- Institutional BioBank, Experimental Oncology and Biobank Management Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Daniele
- Institutional BioBank, Experimental Oncology and Biobank Management Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Eufemia Savino
- Clinical and Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Paradiso
- Institutional BioBank, Experimental Oncology and Biobank Management Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
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Padala SA, Barsouk A, Thandra KC, Saginala K, Mohammed A, Vakiti A, Rawla P, Barsouk A. Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma. World J Oncol 2020; 11:79-87. [PMID: 32494314 PMCID: PMC7239575 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Though renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 2% of global cancer diagnoses and deaths, it has more than doubled in incidence in the developed world over the past half-century, and today is the ninth most common neoplasm in the United States (US). While North America and Western Europe have the highest disease burden (with the Belarus highest in incidence), Latin America, Asia and Africa are projected to see an increase in incidence as nation’s transition to a Western lifestyle. Most cases of RCC are discovered incidentally on imaging, and survival is highly dependent on the stage at diagnosis, with the metastatic disease having only a 12% 5-year survival rate. Two-thirds of RCC diagnoses are made in men, and the average age of diagnosis in the US is 64. Those with genetic predispositions, namely von Hippel-Lindau disease, tend to be diagnosed 20 years earlier. RCC has a greater incidence among Hispanics and Native Americans, and a lower survival rate among African Americans in the US. Modifiable risk factors for RCC include smoking, obesity, poorly-controlled hypertension, diet and alcohol, and occupational exposures. Prevention strategies aimed at improving survival and reducing disparities include addressing lifestyle factors and access to regular healthcare among underserved populations and in developing nations, as well as more rigorous imaging guidelines to detect RCC at an earlier stage. A stronger understanding of global RCC epidemiology can facilitate prevention efforts, especially in developing nations and underserved communities where disease burden is predicted to rise in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Anand Padala
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Adam Barsouk
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Krishna Chaitanya Thandra
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sentara Virginia Beach General Hospital, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
| | - Kalyan Saginala
- Plains Regional Medical Group Internal Medicine, Clovis, NM 88101, USA
| | - Azeem Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Anusha Vakiti
- Department of Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Prashanth Rawla
- Department of Medicine, Sovah Health, Martinsville, VA 24112, USA
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