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Clontz AD, Gan E, Hursting SD, Bae-Jump VL. Effects of Weight Loss on Key Obesity-Related Biomarkers Linked to the Risk of Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2197. [PMID: 38927903 PMCID: PMC11201950 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) includes various histologic types, with estrogen-dependent endometrioid carcinoma being the most common. Obesity significantly increases the risk of developing this type, especially in postmenopausal women, due to elevated estrogen production by adipocytes. This review examines the impact of weight loss from different interventions on reducing obesity-related risk factors for endometrioid EC. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on three weight loss interventions: bariatric surgery, pharmacotherapy, and lifestyle changes. The effects of these interventions on inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, TNF-α, IL-6) and hormones (leptin, estrogen) were analyzed. Data from controlled studies were pooled to assess the significance of weight loss in reducing these biomarkers. Despite heterogeneity, bariatric surgery resulted in an overall 25.8% weight reduction, outperforming lifestyle and pharmacotherapy interventions. Weight loss reduced CRP levels by 33.5% and IL-6 levels by 41.9%. TNF-α levels decreased by 13% with percent weight loss over 7%. Leptin levels also decreased significantly, although the exact weight loss percentage was not statistically significant. Weight loss effectively reduces proinflammatory markers and hormones associated with increased risk of endometrioid EC. The strengths of this review include a comprehensive examination of different weight-loss interventions and a large pool of participants. However, limitations include high heterogeneity among studies and only 43% of the participants being postmenopausal. Limited data on sex hormones and racial disparities underscore the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela D. Clontz
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (A.D.C.); (S.D.H.)
| | - Emma Gan
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Stephen D. Hursting
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (A.D.C.); (S.D.H.)
| | - Victoria L. Bae-Jump
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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2
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Lin D, Sturgeon KM, Gordon BR, Brown JC, Sears DD, Sarwer DB, Schmitz KH. WISER Survivor Trial: Combined Effect of Exercise and Weight Loss Interventions on Adiponectin and Leptin Levels in Breast Cancer Survivors with Overweight or Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:3453. [PMID: 37571390 PMCID: PMC10421485 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte dysregulation is one mechanism linking overweight and breast cancer recurrence. Exercise and weight loss are associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer recurrence in breast cancer survivors with overweight or obesity, which may be mediated through reduced leptin levels, increased adiponectin levels, and an elevated adiponectin to leptin (A:L) ratio. The four-arm randomized controlled WISER Survivor trial examined the 12-month intervention effects of exercise, weight loss, and the combination of exercise and weight loss on adipokine levels among breast cancer survivors (n = 339) with overweight or obesity. Compared with Control, the Combination of Exercise and Weight Loss decreased leptin levels (-35.9%; 95% CI: -46.8%, -25.0%) and increased A:L ratio (11.6%; 95% CI: 5.6%, 17.6%) but did not change adiponectin levels (4.1%; 95% CI: -3.1%, 11.2%). Compared with Control, Weight Loss Alone decreased leptin levels (-35.6%; 95% CI: -46.6%, -24.5%) and increased A:L ratio (10.6%; 95% CI: 4.7%, 16.5%) but did not change adiponectin levels (0.9%; 95% CI: -6.0%, 7.9%). Compared with Control, Exercise Alone did not change leptin levels, adiponectin levels, or A:L ratio. In analyses that consolidated intervention groups, compared with Control, weight loss of ≥5% decreased leptin levels (p trend < 0.01) and increased A:L ratio (p trend < 0.01) but did not alter adiponectin levels (p trend = 0.53). Weight loss, with or without exercise, was associated with decreased leptin levels in breast cancer survivors with overweight or obesity. Improvements in the adipokine secretion profile (A:L ratio) were primarily driven by a weight loss-induced change in leptin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.L.); (B.R.G.); (K.H.S.)
| | - Kathleen M. Sturgeon
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.L.); (B.R.G.); (K.H.S.)
| | - Brett R. Gordon
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.L.); (B.R.G.); (K.H.S.)
| | - Justin C. Brown
- Cancer Metabolism Program, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Dorothy D. Sears
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA;
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, US San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - David B. Sarwer
- College of Public Health, Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
| | - Kathryn H. Schmitz
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.L.); (B.R.G.); (K.H.S.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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3
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Taftian M, Beigrezaei S, Arabi V, Salehi-Abargouei A. The Effect of Ketogenic Diet on Weight Loss in Adult Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Clinical Trials. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:1222-1234. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1942081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Taftian
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sara Beigrezaei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Vahid Arabi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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4
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Silveira EA, Noll PRES, Mohammadifard N, Rodrigues APS, Sarrafzadegan N, de Oliveira C. Which Diets Are Effective in Reducing Cardiovascular and Cancer Risk in Women with Obesity? An Integrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:3504. [PMID: 34684505 PMCID: PMC8541423 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Women are more affected by obesity than men which increases their risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, it is important to understand the effectiveness of different types of diet in the context of women's health. This review aims to summarize the scientific evidence on the effects of different types of diet for women with obesity and their impact on CVD and cancer risk. This review included epidemiological and clinical studies on adult women and different types of diets, such as the Mediterranean (MED) diet, the Traditional Brazilian Diet, the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH), intermittent fasting (IF), calorie (energy) restriction, food re-education, low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) and a very low-carbohydrate diet (VLCD). Our main findings showed that although LCDs, VLCD and IF are difficult to adhere to over an extended period, they can be good options for achieving improvements in body weight and cardiometabolic parameters. MED, DASH and the Traditional Brazilian Diet are based on natural foods and reduced processed foods. These diets have been associated with better women's health outcomes, including lower risk of CVD and cancer and the prevention and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Aparecida Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | | | - Noushin Mohammadifard
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;
| | | | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
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5
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Fabian CJ, Befort CA, Phillips TA, Nydegger JL, Kreutzjans AL, Powers KR, Metheny T, Klemp JR, Carlson SE, Sullivan DK, Zalles CM, Giles ED, Hursting SD, Hu J, Kimler BF. Change in Blood and Benign Breast Biomarkers in Women Undergoing a Weight-Loss Intervention Randomized to High-Dose ω-3 Fatty Acids versus Placebo. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2021; 14:893-904. [PMID: 34244155 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The inflammation-resolving and insulin-sensitizing properties of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acids have potential to augment effects of weight loss on breast cancer risk. In a feasibility study, 46 peri/postmenopausal women at increased risk for breast cancer with a body mass index (BMI) of 28 kg/m2 or greater were randomized to 3.25 g/day combined EPA and DHA (ω-3-FA) or placebo concomitantly with initiation of a weight-loss intervention. Forty-five women started the intervention. Study discontinuation for women randomized to ω-3-FA and initiating the weight-loss intervention was 9% at 6 months and thus satisfied our main endpoint, which was feasibility. Between baseline and 6 months significant change (P < 0.05) was observed in 12 of 25 serum metabolic markers associated with breast cancer risk for women randomized to ω-3-FA, but only four for those randomized to placebo. Weight loss (median of 10% for trial initiators and 12% for the 42 completing 6 months) had a significant impact on biomarker modulation. Median loss was similar for placebo (-11%) and ω-3-FA (-13%). No significant change between ω-3-FA and placebo was observed for individual biomarkers, likely due to sample size and effect of weight loss. Women randomized to ω-3-FA exhibiting more than 10% weight loss at 6 months showed greatest biomarker improvement including 6- and 12-month serum adiponectin, insulin, omentin, and C-reactive protein (CRP), and 12-month tissue adiponectin. Given the importance of a favorable adipokine profile in countering the prooncogenic effects of obesity, further evaluation of high-dose ω-3-FA during a weight-loss intervention in obese high-risk women should be considered. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: This study examines biomarkers of response that may be modulated by omega-3 fatty acids when combined with a weight-loss intervention. While focused on obese, postmenopausal women at high risk for development of breast cancer, the findings are applicable to other cancers studied in clinical prevention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol J Fabian
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
| | - Christie A Befort
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Teresa A Phillips
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jennifer L Nydegger
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Amy L Kreutzjans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Kandy R Powers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Trina Metheny
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jennifer R Klemp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Susan E Carlson
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Debra K Sullivan
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Carola M Zalles
- Department of Pathology, Boca Raton Regional Hospital, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Erin D Giles
- Department of Nutrition, Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jinxiang Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Bruce F Kimler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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6
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Yadav R, Yadav RK, Khadgawat R, Pandey RM. Comparative efficacy of a 12 week yoga-based lifestyle intervention and dietary intervention on adipokines, inflammation, and oxidative stress in adults with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Transl Behav Med 2020; 9:594-604. [PMID: 30020512 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/iby060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The present randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluated the comparative efficacy of 12 week yoga-based lifestyle intervention (YBLI) and dietary intervention (DI) alone on adipokines, inflammation, and oxidative stress in Indian adults with metabolic syndrome (Met S). A parallel, two arm, RCT was conducted in Integral Health Clinic (IHC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India from 2012 to 2014. IHC is an outpatient facility conducting YBLI programs for prevention and management of chronic diseases. Two hundred sixty men and women (20-45 years) visiting the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital were diagnosed with Met S and randomized 1:1 to receive 12 week YBLI (n = 130) or DI (n = 130). Primary outcomes were change in plasma levels of adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, and leptin:adiponectin ratio), markers of inflammation (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-6), markers of oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS], 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG], and superoxide dismutase [SOD]) measured at baseline, 2 weeks, and 12 weeks. YBLI group showed a significant decrease in leptin, leptin:adiponectin ratio, IL-6, 8-OHdG, and TBARS levels, whereas there was a significant increase in adiponectin and SOD levels. No significant changes were noticed in DI alone group. YBLI showed significantly greater reduction in TBARS levels than in DI group, suggestive of reduced oxidative stress in adults with Met S. A 12 week YBLI had a positive impact on oxidative stress versus DI alone in adults with Met S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Yadav
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Raj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Khadgawat
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravindra Mohan Pandey
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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7
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Bergmans RS, Nikodemova M, Stull VJ, Rapp A, Malecki KMC. Comparison of cricket diet with peanut-based and milk-based diets in the recovery from protein malnutrition in mice and the impact on growth, metabolism and immune function. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234559. [PMID: 32525953 PMCID: PMC7289377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Some evidence suggests that edible insects could be used to treat malnutrition following protein deficiency. However, additional studies are needed to better assess the potential of edible insects as a therapeutic food supplement and their long-term impact on recovery from malnutrition. The goals of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of a cricket-based diet in recovery from protein-malnutrition in early life, and to compare cricket protein to more traditional sources used for food fortification and supplementation. Protein-malnutrition was induced by administration of an isocaloric hypoprotein diet (5% protein calories) in young male mice for two weeks during puberty, followed by a six-week recovery period using a cricket-, peanut- or milk-based diet. We examined the impact of protein-malnutrition and subsequent recovery on body weight, growth and select biomarkers of inflammation and metabolism. Protein-malnutrition resulted in growth retardation, downregulation of inflammatory markers in spleen tissue, decreased levels of serum triglycerides, and elevated serum levels of leptin and adiponectin. The cricket-based diet performed equally well as the peanut- and milk-based diets in body weight recovery, but there were differences in immune and metabolic markers among the different recovery diets. Results suggest edible crickets may provide an alternative nutrient-dense protein source with relatively low environmental demands for combating the effects of early-life malnutrition compared to more traditional supplementation and fortification sources. Additional investigations are needed to examine the short and long term impacts of different recovery diets on metabolism and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S. Bergmans
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Maria Nikodemova
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Valerie J. Stull
- Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ashley Rapp
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kristen M. C. Malecki
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Hernández Morante JJ, Díaz Soler I, Muñoz JSG, Sánchez HP, Barberá Ortega MDC, Martínez CM, Morillas Ruiz JM. Moderate Weight Loss Modifies Leptin and Ghrelin Synthesis Rhythms but Not the Subjective Sensations of Appetite in Obesity Patients. Nutrients 2020; 12:E916. [PMID: 32230732 PMCID: PMC7230904 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by a resistance to appetite-regulating hormones, leading to a misalignment between the physiological signals and the perceived hunger/satiety signal. A disruption of the synthesis rhythm may explain this situation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary-induced weight loss on the daily rhythms of leptin and ghrelin and its influence on the daily variability of the appetite sensations of patients with obesity. Twenty subjects with obesity underwent a hypocaloric dietary intervention for 12 weeks. Plasma leptin and ghrelin were analyzed at baseline and at the end of the intervention and in 13 normal-weight controls. Appetite ratings were analyzed. Weight loss decreased leptin synthesis (pauc < 0.001) but not the rhythm characteristics, except the mean variability value (pmesor = 0.020). By contrast, the mean ghrelin level increased after weight loss. The rhythm characteristics were also modified until a rhythm similar to the normal-weight subjects was reached. The amount of variability of leptin and ghrelin was correlated with the effectiveness of the dietary intervention (p < 0.020 and p < 0.001, respectively). Losing weight partially restores the daily rhythms of leptin and modifies the ghrelin rhythms, but appetite sensations are barely modified, thus confirming that these hormones cannot exercise their physiological function properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Hernández Morante
- Eating Disorders Research Unit, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (I.D.S.); (M.d.C.B.O.)
| | - Inmaculada Díaz Soler
- Eating Disorders Research Unit, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (I.D.S.); (M.d.C.B.O.)
| | | | - Horacio Pérez Sánchez
- Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Mª del Carmen Barberá Ortega
- Eating Disorders Research Unit, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (I.D.S.); (M.d.C.B.O.)
| | | | - Juana Mª Morillas Ruiz
- Food Technology & Nutrition Dept., Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain;
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9
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Mossa F, Latham KE, Ireland JJ, Veiga-Lopez A. Undernutrition and hyperandrogenism during pregnancy: Role in programming of cardiovascular disease and infertility. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1255-1264. [PMID: 31347224 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutritional status programs the development of several systems in female offspring, with effects that depend on the severity, duration, and window of development when the nutritional perturbation is imposed. On the basis of the developmental origins of health and disease concept, we hypothesize that gestational low caloric intake may induce maternal subclinical hyperandrogenism during early pregnancy and compromise cardiovascular health and fertility in the female offspring. To examine this possibility, a literature search for human and animal studies was conducted using two electronic databases, PubMed and Cochrane until April 2019 to address the following questions: (a) Do androgens have a developmental role in cardiovascular and ovarian development? (b) Is excess maternal testosterone linked to cardiovascular disease and infertility? and (c) Could early pregnancy undernutrition enhance maternal androgen production and compromise health and fertility in female offspring? The observations reviewed, establish a potential causative link between maternal undernutrition and subclinical hyperandrogenism with hypertension and reduced ovarian reserve in the progeny. Further studies in appropriate models are needed to better understand whether low energy intake and subclinical maternal hyperandrogenism during early pregnancy can negatively affect the health of the female offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mossa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Keith E Latham
- Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - James J Ireland
- Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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10
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Ulrich CM, Himbert C, Holowatyj AN, Hursting SD. Energy balance and gastrointestinal cancer: risk, interventions, outcomes and mechanisms. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15:683-698. [PMID: 30158569 PMCID: PMC6500387 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of multiple gastrointestinal cancers and worsens disease outcomes. Conversely, strong inverse associations have emerged between physical activity and colon cancer and possibly other gastrointestinal malignancies. The effect of weight loss interventions - such as modifications of diet and/or physical activity or bariatric surgery - remains unclear in patients who are obese and have gastrointestinal cancer, although large clinical trials are underway. Human intervention studies have already shed light on potential mechanisms underlying the energy balance-cancer relationship, with preclinical models supporting emerging pathway effects. Central to interventions that reduce obesity or increase physical activity are pluripotent cancer-preventive effects (including reduced systemic and adipose tissue inflammation and angiogenesis, altered adipokine levels and improved insulin resistance) that directly interface with the hallmarks of cancer. Other mechanisms, such as DNA repair, oxidative stress and telomere length, immune function, effects on cancer stem cells and the microbiome, could also contribute to energy balance effects on gastrointestinal cancers. Although some mechanisms are well understood (for instance, systemic effects on inflammation and insulin signalling), other areas remain unclear. The current state of knowledge supports the need to better integrate mechanistic approaches with preclinical and human studies to develop effective, personalized diet and exercise interventions to reduce the burden of obesity on gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia M. Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,
| | - Caroline Himbert
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andreana N. Holowatyj
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stephen D. Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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11
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Kang C, LeRoith D, Gallagher EJ. Diabetes, Obesity, and Breast Cancer. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3801-3812. [PMID: 30215698 PMCID: PMC6202853 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rates of obesity and diabetes are increasing worldwide, whereas the age of onset for both obesity and diabetes are decreasing steadily. Obesity and diabetes are associated with multiple factors that contribute to the increased risk of a number of different cancers, including breast cancer. These factors are hyperinsulinemia, elevated IGFs, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, adipokines, inflammatory cytokines, and the gut microbiome. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the complex signaling pathways underlying these multiple factors involved in the obesity/diabetes-breast cancer link, with a focus particularly on the roles of the insulin/IGF system and dyslipidemia in preclinical breast cancer models. We review some of the therapeutic strategies to target these metabolic derangements in cancer. Future research directions and potential therapeutic strategies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chifei Kang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Emily J Gallagher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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12
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Travier N, Buckland G, Vendrell JJ, Fernandez-Veledo S, Peiró I, Del Barco S, Pernas S, Zamora E, Bellet M, Margeli M, Cirauqui B, Muñoz M, Tusquets I, Arcusa A, Javierre C, Moreno F, Rodriguez A, Agudo A. Changes in metabolic risk, insulin resistance, leptin and adiponectin following a lifestyle intervention in overweight and obese breast cancer survivors. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2018; 27:e12861. [PMID: 29869823 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adiposity and physical activity are modifiable factors that could be important determinants of breast cancer (BC) prognosis through their effects on endogenous reproductive hormones, chronic inflammation and metabolic changes. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate whether offering lifestyle interventions to BC survivors could affect the levels of certain biomarkers involved in these mechanisms. We designed a pre-post intervention study offering diet and exercise sessions over 12 weeks to 42 overweight/obese BC survivors. Before and after the intervention, we obtained dietary information, anthropometry and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) measurements and blood samples to measure metabolic risk, insulin resistance and adipokines biomarkers. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and Spearman partial correlation coefficients were used to compare pre- and post-measurements and assess the correlations between changes in biomarkers and changes in anthropometry and CRF. Breast cancer survivors showed significant improvements in metabolic risk biomarkers and insulin resistance indicators along with a non-significant leptin decrease and a significant adiponectin decrease. The improvements in metabolic risk biomarkers, insulin resistance indicators and leptin were moderately correlated (0.32 ≤ |r| ≤ 0.55) with the decrease in body mass index and the increase in CRF. Diet and exercise interventions implemented in overweight/obese BC survivors may improve metabolic risk, insulin resistance and leptin biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemie Travier
- Cancer Prevention and Control Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Genevieve Buckland
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan J Vendrell
- Diabetes and Metabolic Associated Diseases Research Group, Hospital Joan XXIII, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernandez-Veledo
- Diabetes and Metabolic Associated Diseases Research Group, Hospital Joan XXIII, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Immaculada Peiró
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Del Barco
- Department of Medical Oncology-ICO, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Sonia Pernas
- Breast Cancer Functional Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Zamora
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Bellet
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Breast Cancer Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Margeli
- Department of Medical Oncology-ICO, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cirauqui
- Department of Medical Oncology-ICO, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Muñoz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Tusquets
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angels Arcusa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Casimiro Javierre
- Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Moreno
- Breast Cancer Functional Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Rodriguez
- Breast Cancer Functional Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
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Dittus KL, Harvey JR, Bunn JY, Kokinda ND, Wilson KM, Priest J, Pratley RE. Impact of a behaviorally-based weight loss intervention on parameters of insulin resistance in breast cancer survivors. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:351. [PMID: 29587682 PMCID: PMC5872579 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer survivors with excess weight are more likely to have negative breast cancer outcomes. Biomarkers related to insulin resistance may help explain this negative association. Weight loss is associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity. Our goal was to identify the impact of a behaviorally based weight loss intervention on indices of insulin resistance. METHODS Overweight, early stage breast cancer survivors who completed initial cancer therapy were enrolled in a 6 month behaviorally based weight loss intervention that included calorie reduction, exercise and behavior modification. Biomarkers related to insulin resistance were obtained at baseline and after the intervention. Results from participants who achieved ≥5% weight loss were compared to those who lost less weight. RESULTS Despite not having diabetes as a preexisting diagnosis prior to the study, 69% of all participants were considered to have pre-diabetes or diabetes at baseline based on American Diabetes Association definitions. Participants who achieved ≥5% weight loss had significantly lower fasting insulin, AUC insulin, and insulin resistance as measured by HOMA-IR. Beta cell function decreased as anticipated when insulin resistance improved. Additionally, leptin levels declined. CONCLUSIONS Breast cancer survivors who achieved ≥5% weight loss demonstrated significant improvements in indices of insulin resistance. Despite an exclusion criteria of diabetes at the time of enrolment, a high proportion met criteria for pre-diabetes or diabetes at baseline. Pre-diabetes appears to be under recognized in overweight breast cancer survivors. Behaviorally based weight loss interventions can result in weight loss and improvements in biomarkers related to breast cancer outcomes and additionally may decrease the chance of developing diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01482702 4/12/2010 (retrospectively registered). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01482702?term=Dittus&rank=4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim L. Dittus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA
| | - Jean R. Harvey
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA
| | - Janice Y. Bunn
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA
| | - Nathan D. Kokinda
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA
| | | | - Jeff Priest
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA
| | - Richard E. Pratley
- Florida Hospital Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32804 USA
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Li J, Han X. Adipocytokines and breast cancer. Curr Probl Cancer 2018; 42:208-214. [PMID: 29433827 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A substantial number of studies have revealed that a growing list of cancers might be influenced by obesity. In this regard, one of the most prominent and well-characterized cancers is breast cancer, the leading cause of cancer death among women. Obesity is associated with an increased risk for the occurrence and development of breast cancer particular in postmenopausal women. Moreover, the relationship between adiposity and breast cancer risk is complex, with associations that differ depending on when body size is assessed (eg, premenopausal vs postmenopausal obesity) and when breast cancer is diagnosed (ie, premenopausal vs postmenopausal disease). Obesity is mainly due to excessive fat accumulation in the regional tissue. Adipocytes in obese individuals produce endocrine, inflammatory, and angiogenic factors to affect adjacent breast cancer cells. Adipocytokines, are biologically active polypeptides that are produced either exclusively or substantially by adipocytes, play a critical and complex role, and act by endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine pathways in the malignant progression of breast cancer. Furthermore, the increased levels of leptin, resistin, and decreased adiponectin secretion are directly associated with breast cancer development. And there are also many studies indicating that adipocytokines could mediate the survival, growth, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer cells by different cellular and molecular mechanisms to reduce the survival time and prompt the malignancy. In present review, we discuss the correlations between several adipocytokines and breast cancer cells in obesity as well as the underlying signaling pathways to provide the novel ideas for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianghui Han
- Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to describe and discuss weight loss-induced variations in appetite in women and factors responsible for these changes. RECENT FINDINGS Studies have shown postweight loss increases in fasting and postprandial appetite in individuals engaged in weight loss trials, especially in women. Similarly, appetite-related peptides associated to the homeostatic control of feeding, such as leptin, ghrelin and peptide YY, were also found to be altered in way that promotes increased appetite after weight loss interventions. Sustained caloric deficits also drive increases in the frequency and strength of food cravings, food reward and seem to enhance oro-sensory sensations in women who lost weight. The menstrual cycle has also been to shown to influence caloric intake in women, more specifically food cravings. On the other hand, caloric restriction seems to increase cognitive restraint, decrease habitual disinhibition and susceptibility to hunger among women engaged in weight loss trials. Neural analysis corroborates these results, showing increased activation in brain areas involved in food reward and self-control processing. In conclusion, evidence supports that weight loss increases appetite sensations, and promotes changes in homeostatic and non-homeostatic control of feeding, which collectively seem to upregulate appetite in women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Éric Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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16
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Hoedjes M, van Stralen MM, Joe STA, Rookus M, van Leeuwen F, Michie S, Seidell JC, Kampman E. Toward the optimal strategy for sustained weight loss in overweight cancer survivors: a systematic review of the literature. J Cancer Surviv 2017; 11:360-385. [PMID: 28097452 PMCID: PMC5418328 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-016-0594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To gain more insight into the optimal strategy to achieve weight loss and weight loss maintenance in overweight and obese cancer survivors after completion of initial treatment, this systematic review aimed to provide an overview of the literature on intervention effects on weight, to describe intervention components used in effective interventions, to identify and synthesize behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and to assess the frequency with which these BCTs were used in effective interventions. METHODS Six databases were searched for original research articles describing weight changes in adult overweight cancer survivors after participation in a lifestyle intervention initiated after completion of initial treatment. Two researchers independently screened the retrieved papers and extracted BCTs using the BCT Taxonomy version 1. RESULTS Thirty-two papers describing 27 interventions were included. Interventions that were evaluated with a robust study design (n = 8) generally showed <5% weight loss and did not evaluate effects at ≥12 months after intervention completion. Effective interventions promoted both diet and physical activity and used the BCTs 'goal setting (behaviour)', 'action planning', 'social support (unspecified)' and 'instruction on how to perform the behaviour'. CONCLUSIONS The results of this first review on intervention components of effective interventions could be used to inform intervention development and showed a need for future publications to report long-term effects, a detailed intervention description and an extensive process evaluation. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS This study contributed to increasing knowledge on the optimal strategy to achieve weight loss, which is recommended for overweight cancer survivors to improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meeke Hoedjes
- Department of Health Sciences and the EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Maartje M van Stralen
- Department of Health Sciences and the EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sheena Tjon A Joe
- Department of Dietetics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matti Rookus
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Flora van Leeuwen
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Michie
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jacob C Seidell
- Department of Health Sciences and the EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Kampman
- Department of Health Sciences and the EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Blümel JE, Arteaga E, Mezones-Holguín E, Zúñiga MC, Witis S, Vallejo MS, Tserotas K, Sánchez H, Onatra W, Ojeda E, Mostajo D, Monterrosa A, Lima S, Martino M, Hernández-Bueno JA, Gómez G, Espinoza MT, Flores D, Chedraui P, Calle A, Bravo LM, Benítez Z, Bencosme A, Barón G. Obesity is associated with a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in middle-aged women. Gynecol Endocrinol 2017; 33:378-382. [PMID: 28084176 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2016.1269741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal pain (MSP) has been recently linked with high plasma leptin levels. Our objective was to study if obese women, who have higher leptin levels, could have a higher frequency of MSP. We studied 6079 Latin-American women, 40-59 years old. Their epidemiological data were recorded and the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), Golberg Anxiety and Depression Scale and Insomnia Scale were applied. MSP was defined as a score ≥2 on MRS11. Women with MSP were slightly older, had fewer years of schooling and were more sedentary. They also complained of more severe menopausal symptoms (29.2% versus. 4.4%, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, they had a higher abdominal perimeter (87.2 ± 12.0 cm versus 84.6 ± 11.6 cm, p < 0.0001) and a higher prevalence of obesity (23.1% versus 15.2%, p < 0.0001). Compared to normal weight women, those with low body weight (IMC <18.5) showed a lower risk of MSP (OR 0.71; 95%CI, 0.42-1.17), overweight women had a higher risk (OR 1.64; 95%CI, 1.44-1.87) and obese women the highest risk (OR 2.06; 95%CI, 1.76-2.40). Logistic regression analysis showed that obesity is independently associated to MSP (OR 1.34; 95%CI, 1.16-1.55). We conclude that obesity is one identifiable risk factor for MSP in middle-aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Enrique Blümel
- a Collaborative Group for Research of the Climacteric in Latin America (REDLINC) , Santiago , Chile
- b Departamento de Medicina Interna Sur , Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile , Santiago de Chile , Chile , and
| | - Eugenio Arteaga
- a Collaborative Group for Research of the Climacteric in Latin America (REDLINC) , Santiago , Chile
- c Department of Endocrinology , School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile , Santiago de Chile , Chile
| | - Edward Mezones-Holguín
- a Collaborative Group for Research of the Climacteric in Latin America (REDLINC) , Santiago , Chile
| | - María Cristina Zúñiga
- a Collaborative Group for Research of the Climacteric in Latin America (REDLINC) , Santiago , Chile
| | - Silvina Witis
- a Collaborative Group for Research of the Climacteric in Latin America (REDLINC) , Santiago , Chile
| | - María Soledad Vallejo
- b Departamento de Medicina Interna Sur , Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile , Santiago de Chile , Chile , and
| | - Konstantino Tserotas
- a Collaborative Group for Research of the Climacteric in Latin America (REDLINC) , Santiago , Chile
| | - Hugo Sánchez
- a Collaborative Group for Research of the Climacteric in Latin America (REDLINC) , Santiago , Chile
| | - William Onatra
- a Collaborative Group for Research of the Climacteric in Latin America (REDLINC) , Santiago , Chile
| | - Eliana Ojeda
- a Collaborative Group for Research of the Climacteric in Latin America (REDLINC) , Santiago , Chile
| | - Desiree Mostajo
- a Collaborative Group for Research of the Climacteric in Latin America (REDLINC) , Santiago , Chile
| | - Alvaro Monterrosa
- a Collaborative Group for Research of the Climacteric in Latin America (REDLINC) , Santiago , Chile
| | - Selva Lima
- a Collaborative Group for Research of the Climacteric in Latin America (REDLINC) , Santiago , Chile
| | - Mabel Martino
- a Collaborative Group for Research of the Climacteric in Latin America (REDLINC) , Santiago , Chile
| | | | - Gustavo Gómez
- a Collaborative Group for Research of the Climacteric in Latin America (REDLINC) , Santiago , Chile
| | - María Teresa Espinoza
- a Collaborative Group for Research of the Climacteric in Latin America (REDLINC) , Santiago , Chile
| | - Daniel Flores
- a Collaborative Group for Research of the Climacteric in Latin America (REDLINC) , Santiago , Chile
| | - Peter Chedraui
- a Collaborative Group for Research of the Climacteric in Latin America (REDLINC) , Santiago , Chile
| | - Andrés Calle
- a Collaborative Group for Research of the Climacteric in Latin America (REDLINC) , Santiago , Chile
| | - Luz María Bravo
- a Collaborative Group for Research of the Climacteric in Latin America (REDLINC) , Santiago , Chile
| | - Zully Benítez
- a Collaborative Group for Research of the Climacteric in Latin America (REDLINC) , Santiago , Chile
| | - Ascanio Bencosme
- a Collaborative Group for Research of the Climacteric in Latin America (REDLINC) , Santiago , Chile
| | - Germán Barón
- a Collaborative Group for Research of the Climacteric in Latin America (REDLINC) , Santiago , Chile
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Nian X, Nagai Y, Jeffers C, N. Maxwell K, Zhang H. Dietary influence on estrogens and cytokines in breast cancer. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2017.3.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Divella R, De Luca R, Abbate I, Naglieri E, Daniele A. Obesity and cancer: the role of adipose tissue and adipo-cytokines-induced chronic inflammation. J Cancer 2016; 7:2346-2359. [PMID: 27994674 PMCID: PMC5166547 DOI: 10.7150/jca.16884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue in addition to its ability to keep lipids is now recognized as a real organ with both metabolic and endocrine functions. Recent studies demonstrated that in obese animals is established a status of adipocyte hypoxia and in this hypoxic state interaction between adipocytes and stromal vascular cells contribute to tumor development and progression. In several tumors such as breast, colon, liver and prostate, obesity represents a poor predictor of clinical outcomes. Dysfunctional adipose tissue in obesity releases a disturbed profile of adipokines with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory factors and a consequent alteration of key signaling mediators which may be an active local player in establishing the peritumoral environment promoting tumor growth and progression. Therefore, adipose tissue hypoxia might contribute to cancer risk in the obese population. To date the precise mechanisms behind this obesity-cancer link is not yet fully understood. In the light of information provided in this review that aims to identify the key mechanisms underlying the link between obesity and cancer we support that inflammatory state specific of obesity may be important in obesity-cancer link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Divella
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Oncology. Giovanni Paolo II National Cancer Institute, V.Le Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 -Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Luca
- Department of Surgery Oncology. Giovanni Paolo II National Cancer Institute, V.Le Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 -Bari, Italy
| | - Ines Abbate
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Oncology. Giovanni Paolo II National Cancer Institute, V.Le Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 -Bari, Italy
| | - Emanuele Naglieri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Giovanni Paolo II National Cancer Institute, V.Le Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 -Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Daniele
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Oncology. Giovanni Paolo II National Cancer Institute, V.Le Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 -Bari, Italy
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The Obesity-Breast Cancer Conundrum: An Analysis of the Issues. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060989. [PMID: 27338371 PMCID: PMC4926517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer develops over a timeframe of 2-3 decades prior to clinical detection. Given this prolonged latency, it is somewhat unexpected from a biological perspective that obesity has no effect or reduces the risk for breast cancer in premenopausal women yet increases the risk for breast cancer in postmenopausal women. This conundrum is particularly striking in light of the generally negative effects of obesity on breast cancer outcomes, including larger tumor size at diagnosis and poorer prognosis in both pre- and postmenopausal women. This review and analysis identifies factors that may contribute to this apparent conundrum, issues that merit further investigation, and characteristics of preclinical models for breast cancer and obesity that should be considered if animal models are used to deconstruct the conundrum.
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Lipsey CC, Harbuzariu A, Daley-Brown D, Gonzalez-Perez RR. Oncogenic role of leptin and Notch interleukin-1 leptin crosstalk outcome in cancer. World J Methodol 2016; 6:43-55. [PMID: 27019796 PMCID: PMC4804251 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v6.i1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global pandemic characterized by high levels of body fat (adiposity) and derived-cytokines (i.e., leptin). Research shows that adiposity and leptin provide insight on the link between obesity and cancer progression. Leptin’s main function is to regulate energy balance. However, obese individuals routinely develop leptin resistance, which is the consequence of the breakdown in the signaling mechanism controlling satiety resulting in the accumulation of leptin. Therefore, leptin levels are often chronically elevated in human obesity. Elevated leptin levels are related to higher incidence, increased progression and poor prognosis of several human cancers. In addition to adipose tissue, cancer cells can also secrete leptin and overexpress leptin receptors. Leptin is known to act as a mitogen, inflammatory and pro-angiogenic factor that induces cancer cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. Moreover, leptin signaling induces cancer stem cells, which are involved in cancer recurrence and drug resistance. A novel and complex signaling crosstalk between leptin, Notch and interleukin-1 (IL-1) [Notch, IL-1 and leptin crosstalk outcome (NILCO)] seems to be an important driver of leptin-induced oncogenic actions. Leptin and NILCO signaling mediate the activation of cancer stem cells that can affect drug resistance. Thus, leptin and NILCO signaling are key links between obesity and cancer progression. This review presents updated data suggesting that adiposity affects cancer incidence, progression, and response to treatment. Here we show data supporting the oncogenic role of leptin in breast, endometrial, and pancreatic cancers.
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