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Simoneau M, McKay B, Brooks E, Doucet É, Baillot A. Gut peptides before and following Roux-En-Y gastric bypass: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13702. [PMID: 38327045 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
A systematic search was conducted in Medline Ovid, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up until March 2021 following PRISMA guidelines. Studies included evaluated ghrelin, GLP-1, PYY or appetite sensation via visual analogue scales (VASs) before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in adults. A multilevel model with random effects for study and follow-up time points nested in study was fit to the data. The model included kcal consumption as a covariate and time points as moderators. Among the 2559 articles identified, k = 47 were included, among which k = 19 evaluated ghrelin, k = 40 GLP-1, k = 22 PYY, and k = 8 appetite sensation. Our results indicate that fasting ghrelin levels are decreased 2 weeks post-RYGB (p = 0.005) but do not differ from baseline from 6 weeks to 1-year post-RYGB. Postprandial ghrelin and fasting GLP-1 levels were not different from pre-surgical values. Postprandial levels of GLP-1 increased significantly from 1 week (p < 0.001) to 2 years post-RYGB (p < 0.01) compared with pre-RYGB. Fasting PYY increased at 6 months (p = 0.034) and 1 year (p = 0.029) post-surgery; also, postprandial levels increased up to 1 year (p < 0.01). Insufficient data on appetite sensation were available to be meta-analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Simoneau
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brad McKay
- Department of kinesiology, University of McMaster, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Brooks
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Éric Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aurélie Baillot
- Department of nursing, University of Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada
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John HS, Doucet É, Power KA. Dietary pulses as a means to improve the gut microbiome, inflammation, and appetite control in obesity. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13598. [PMID: 37395146 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
A dysbiotic intestinal microbiome has been linked to chronic diseases such as obesity, which may suggest that interventions that target the microbiome may be useful in treating obesity and its complications. Appetite dysregulation and chronic systemic low-grade inflammation, such as that observed in obesity, are possibly linked with the intestinal microbiome and are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity via the microbiome. Dietary pulses (e.g., common beans) are composed of nutrients and compounds that possess the potential to modulate the gut microbiota composition and function which can in turn improve appetite regulation and chronic inflammation in obesity. This narrative review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the connection between the gut microbiome and obesity, appetite regulation, and systemic and adipose tissue inflammation. More specifically, it highlights the efficacy of interventions employing dietary common beans as a means to improve gut microbiota composition and/or function, appetite regulation, and inflammation in both rodent obesity and in humans. Collectively, results presented and discussed herein provide insight on the gaps in knowledge necessary for a comprehensive understanding of the potential of beans as a treatment for obesity while highlighting what further research is required to gain this understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah St John
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Éric Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krista A Power
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- The Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Pileggi CA, Blondin DP, Hooks BG, Parmar G, Alecu I, Patten DA, Cuillerier A, O'Dwyer C, Thrush AB, Fullerton MD, Bennett SA, Doucet É, Haman F, Cuperlovic-Culf M, McPherson R, Dent RRM, Harper ME. Exercise training enhances muscle mitochondrial metabolism in diet-resistant obesity. EBioMedicine 2022; 83:104192. [PMID: 35965199 PMCID: PMC9482931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current paradigms for predicting weight loss in response to energy restriction have general validity but a subset of individuals fail to respond adequately despite documented diet adherence. Patients in the bottom 20% for rate of weight loss following a hypocaloric diet (diet-resistant) have been found to have less type I muscle fibres and lower skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, leading to the hypothesis that physical exercise may be an effective treatment when diet alone is inadequate. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of exercise training on mitochondrial function in women with obesity with a documented history of minimal diet-induced weight loss. Methods From over 5000 patient records, 228 files were reviewed to identify baseline characteristics of weight loss response from women with obesity who were previously classified in the top or bottom 20% quintiles based on rate of weight loss in the first 6 weeks during which a 900 kcal/day meal replacement was consumed. A subset of 20 women with obesity were identified based on diet-resistance (n=10) and diet sensitivity (n=10) to undergo a 6-week supervised, progressive, combined aerobic and resistance exercise intervention. Findings Diet-sensitive women had lower baseline adiposity, higher fasting insulin and triglycerides, and a greater number of ATP-III criteria for metabolic syndrome. Conversely in diet-resistant women, the exercise intervention improved body composition, skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and metabolism, with minimal effects in diet-sensitive women. In-depth analyses of muscle metabolomes revealed distinct group- and intervention- differences, including lower serine-associated sphingolipid synthesis in diet-resistant women following exercise training. Interpretation Exercise preferentially enhances skeletal muscle metabolism and improves body composition in women with a history of minimal diet-induced weight loss. These clinical and metabolic mechanism insights move the field towards better personalised approaches for the treatment of distinct obesity phenotypes. Funding Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR-INMD and FDN-143278; CAN-163902; CIHR PJT-148634).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal A Pileggi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; National Research Council of Canada, Digital Technologies Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Breana G Hooks
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gaganvir Parmar
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irina Alecu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Patten
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexanne Cuillerier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Conor O'Dwyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Brianne Thrush
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Morgan D Fullerton
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steffany Al Bennett
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Éric Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - François Haman
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miroslava Cuperlovic-Culf
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; National Research Council of Canada, Digital Technologies Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ruth McPherson
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | - Robert R M Dent
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Brunet JF, McNeil J, Jaeger Hintze L, Doucet É, Forest G. Interindividual differences in energy intake after sleep restriction: The role of personality and implicit attitudes toward food. Appetite 2021; 169:105844. [PMID: 34896388 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Sleep restriction (SR) often leads to an increase in energy intake (EI). However, large variability in EI after SR is often observed, which suggests that individual characteristics may affect food intake. The objective of this study was to explore the influence of characteristics generally associated with risk-taking (sensitivity to reward and personality traits: impulsiveness, sensation seeking) and implicit attitudes toward food on EI after sleep loss. 17 subjects completed the NEO-PI-3, an Implicit Association Test measuring implicit attitudes towards healthy and unhealthy foods, and the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire. 24h Ad libitum EI was assessed following a habitual sleep night, a 50% SR with an advanced wake time, and a 50% SR with a delayed bedtime. Changes in EI between each SR condition and the control condition (ΔEI) were calculated for each subject. Despite no changes in overall EI between sleep conditions, results showed large interindividual variations (-669 to +899 kcal) across SR conditions. Regression modeling showed that a lower sensation seeking and higher favorable implicit attitudes towards unhealthy food were significantly associated with increased ΔEI in the advanced wake time condition. For the delayed bedtime, lower sensation seeking was associated with increased ΔEI while controlling for age, sex, REM sleep, and implicit attitudes. These results suggest that certain personality traits and implicit attitudes toward food are associated with changes in EI after sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Brunet
- Laboratoire Du Sommeil, Département de Psychoéducation et de Psychologie, Université Du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, J8X 3X7, Canada
| | - Jessica McNeil
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, T2S 3C3, Canada
| | - Luzia Jaeger Hintze
- Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Éric Doucet
- Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Geneviève Forest
- Laboratoire Du Sommeil, Département de Psychoéducation et de Psychologie, Université Du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, J8X 3X7, Canada.
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Hintze LJ, Doucet É, Goldfield GS. THE RELATIVE REINFORCING VALUE OF SNACK FOOD IS A SIGNIFICANT PREDICTOR OF FAT LOSS IN WOMEN WITH OVERWEIGHT OR OBESITY. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 47:134-140. [PMID: 34570984 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reinforcing Relative Value (RRV) of food and impulsivity are associated with energy intake and obesity. The study investigated the degree to which changes in RRV and impulsivity independently or interactively predict change in body weight and composition in women with overweight or obesity engaged in either a fast or in a slow weight loss programs. Body weight, body composition, Impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale), RRV snack (computerized Behavioural Choice Task) were measured at baseline and post-intervention in 30 women with obesity undergoing either slow (n= 14 -500 kcal/day, 20 weeks) or fast n=16 (-1000kcal/day, 10 weeks) weight reduction. No group*time effects were noted on body composition, impulsivity or RRV, so participants from both groups were pooled for analysis. Multiple regression analyses indicated that none of the impulsivity variables predicted weight- or fat mass (FM) loss. However, Δ RRV snack predicted ΔFM (r=0.40, P=0.046), whereby greater increases in RRV snack were associated with less FM loss. Results indicate that different rates of weight loss do not differentially affect RRV snack or impulsivity traits. However, changes in RRV snack predicted FM loss, suggesting that dietary interventions that either mitigate increases or foster reductions in the RRV snack may yield greater reductions in adiposity. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04866875 NOVELTY POINTS • No differences in RRV of food were noted between fast and slow weight loss • Weight loss from combined fast and slow groups led to a moderate-sized reduction in the total impulsivity • Greater diet-induced increases in RRV snack was associated with less body fat-loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Éric Doucet
- University of Ottawa, School of Human Kinetics, School of Human Kinetics, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5;
| | - Gary S Goldfield
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 27338, Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;
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Heidinger BA, Cameron JD, Vaillancourt R, De Lisio M, Ngu M, Tasca GA, Chyurlia L, Doucet É, Doucette S, Maria Obregón Rivas A, Goldfield GS. No association between dopaminergic polymorphisms and response to treatment of binge-eating disorder. Gene 2021; 781:145538. [PMID: 33631245 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetics of binge-eating disorder (BED) is an emerging topic, with dopaminergic genes being implicated in its etiology due to the role that dopamine (DA) plays in food reward sensitivity and self-regulation of eating behavior. However, no study to date has examined if DA genes influence response to behavioral treatment of BED. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to examine the ability of DA-associated polymorphisms to predict BED treatment response measured using binge frequency over 12 months. As secondary objectives, this study examined cross-sectional relationships between these polymorphisms and anthropometrics in women living with and without BED and obesity. METHODS Women aged 18-64 years old were genotyped for the DA-related SNPs DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A (rs1800497) and COMT (rs4680), as well as the DA-related uVNTRs DAT-1 (SLC6A3) and MAO-A. A multi-locus DA composite score was formed from these 4 polymorphisms using genotypes known to have a functional impact resulting in modified DA signaling. Binge frequency (Eating Disorder Examination - Interview) and body composition (Tanita BC-418) were assessed in a pre-post analysis to examine genetic predictors of treatment response in women living with obesity and BED. Secondary data analysis was conducted on a cross-sectional comparison of three groups of women enrolled in trial group treatment for BED: women living with obesity and BED (n = 72), obesity without BED (n = 27), and normal-weight without BED (n = 45). RESULTS There were no significant genotype × time interactions related to anthropometrics or binge frequency for any individual DA genotypes, or to the composite score reflecting DA availability. At baseline, there were no significant between-group differences in frequencies of DA-related alleles, nor were there associations between genotypes and anthropometrics. CONCLUSIONS Our study found no evidence to suggest that the DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A, COMT, MAO-A, or DAT-1 polymorphisms are associated with response to behavioral intervention for BED as measured by changes in binge frequency. Future studies should examine a greater variety of dopaminergic polymorphisms, other candidate genes that target other neurotransmitter systems, as well as examine their impact on both behavioral and pharmacological-based treatment for BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A Heidinger
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jameason D Cameron
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Regis Vaillancourt
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael De Lisio
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Ngu
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Giorgio A Tasca
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Livia Chyurlia
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Éric Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Steve Doucette
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Ana Maria Obregón Rivas
- Escuela de Nutrición y dietética, Facultad de Ciencias para el cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gary S Goldfield
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Brunet JF, McNeil J, Doucet É, Forest G. The association between REM sleep and decision-making: Supporting evidences. Physiol Behav 2020; 225:113109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
For humans to maintain a stable core temperature in cold environments, an increase in energy expenditure (EE) is required. However, little is known about how cold stimulus impacts energy balance as a whole, as energy intake (EI) has been largely overlooked. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge regarding how cold exposure (CE) impacts both EE and EI, while highlighting key gaps and shortcomings in the literature. Animal models clearly reveal that CE produces large increases in EE, while decreasing environmental temperatures results in a significant negative dose-response effect in EI (r=-.787, P<.001), meaning animals eat more as temperature decreases. In humans, multiple methods are used to administer cold stimuli, which result in consistent yet quantitatively small increases in EE. However, only two studies have measured ad libitum food intake in combination with acute CE in humans. Chronic CE (i.e., cold acclimation) studies have been shown to produce minimal changes in body weight, with an average compensation of ~126%. Although more studies are required to investigate how cold impacts EI in humans, results presented in this review warrant caution before presenting or considering CE as a potential adjunct to weight loss strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt McInnis
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - François Haman
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Éric Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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9
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Riou MÈ, Jomphe-Tremblay S, Lamothe G, Finlayson GS, Blundell JE, Décarie-Spain L, Gagnon JC, Doucet É. Energy Compensation Following a Supervised Exercise Intervention in Women Living With Overweight/Obesity Is Accompanied by an Early and Sustained Decrease in Non-structured Physical Activity. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1048. [PMID: 31507431 PMCID: PMC6714465 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives Body composition (BC) does not always vary as a function of exercise induced energy expenditure (exercise EE – resting EE). Energy balance variables were measured to understand energy compensation (EC) in response to an exercise intervention performed at low (LOW) or moderate (MOD) intensity. Subjects/Methods Twenty-one women with overweight/obesity (33 ± 5 kg/m2; 29 ± 10 yrs; 31 ± 4 ml O2/kg/min) were randomized to a 3-month LOW or MOD (40 or 60% of VȮ2reserve, respectively) matched to expend 1500 kcal/week (compliance = 97 ± 5%). Body energy stores (DXA), energy intake (EI) (food menu and food diaries), resting EE (indirect calorimetry), total EE (doubly-labeled water), time spent in different activities (accelerometers), appetite (visual analog scale), eating behavior traits and food reward (liking and wanting) were assessed at baseline, after weeks 1 and 2 and at the end of the 3-month exercise intervention. Results EC based on BC changes (fat mass and fat-free mass) was 49 ± 79% and 161 ± 88% in LOW and MOD groups, respectively (p = 0.010). EI did not change significantly during the intervention. However, eating behavior traits and food reward had changed by the end of the 3-month supervised exercise. Non-structured physical activity (NSPA) decreased across the intervention (p < 0.002), independent of the intensity of the exercise training. Conclusion Women with overweight/obesity training at LOW presented lower EC for a given energy cost of exercise. Our results strongly suggest that NSPA plays a major role in mediating the effects of exercise on energy balance and ultimately on changes in BC. Clinical Trial Registration www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier ISRCTN31641049.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Ève Riou
- Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit (BMRU), School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Simon Jomphe-Tremblay
- Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit (BMRU), School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gilles Lamothe
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Graham Stuart Finlayson
- Biopsychology Group, Institute of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - John Edward Blundell
- Biopsychology Group, Institute of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Léa Décarie-Spain
- Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit (BMRU), School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-Christian Gagnon
- Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit (BMRU), School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Éric Doucet
- Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit (BMRU), School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Terada T, Chirico D, Tulloch HE, Scott K, Doucet É, Pipe AL, Reed JL. Psychosocial and Cardiometabolic Health of Patients With Differing Body Mass Index Completing Cardiac Rehabilitation. Can J Cardiol 2019; 35:712-720. [PMID: 31151706 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unclear whether cardiac rehabilitation (CR) provides similar benefits to patients with varying levels of body mass index (BMI). We assessed the psychosocial and cardiometabolic health of patients with increased BMI who completed CR. METHODS The records of 582 patients who completed a 3-month outpatient CR program were analyzed. On the basis of their BMI at baseline, patients were categorized as normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2), obese (30.0-34.9 kg/m2), or severely obese (≥ 35.0 kg/m2). Analysis of covariance was used to compare health-related quality of life (ie, Physical Component Summary [PCS] and Mental Component Summary scores), anxiety, depression, and cardiometabolic health indicators between BMI categories after CR. RESULTS At baseline, patients with severe obesity, when compared with those with normal BMI, had lower PCS scores (39.7 ± 8.5 vs 44.4 ± 8.4, P < 0.001), elevated levels of anxiety (7.0 ± 3.7 vs 4.8 ± 3.2, P = 0.001) and depression (5.5 ± 4.4 vs 3.4 ± 3.7, P < 0.001), higher glycated hemoglobin A1C (6.5 ± 1.1 vs 5.6 ± 0.7%, P < 0.001) and triglycerides (1.6 ± 0.5 vs 1.1 ± 0.4 mmol/L, P < 0.001), and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.1 ± 0.3 vs 1.2 ± 0.4 mmol/L, P = 0.006). After CR, notwithstanding a greater percent weight reduction in obesity (-3.5% ± 6.9% vs +1.1% ± 7.0%, P = 0.002) and severe obesity (-6.5% ± 6.9% vs +1.1% ± 7.0%, P < 0.001), smaller improvements in PCS scores were seen in the obese (4.1 ± 7.4 vs 6.9 ± 7.6, P = 0.011) and severely obese (4.1 ± 7.6 vs 6.9 ± 7.6, P = 0.039) when compared with those with normal BMI. CONCLUSIONS Poorer psychosocial and cardiometabolic health at baseline coupled with smaller improvements in the PCS score suggest that patients with obesity and severe obesity will benefit from enhanced care in the CR setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Terada
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniele Chirico
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather E Tulloch
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle Scott
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Éric Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew L Pipe
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Reed
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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11
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Doucet É, McInis K, Mahmoodianfard S. Compensation in response to energy deficits induced by exercise or diet. Obes Rev 2018; 19 Suppl 1:36-46. [PMID: 30511511 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an extremely resilient condition. Weight loss is most challenging, and weight recidivism is rampant. There is accumulating evidence highlighting that energy deficits meant to produce increased mobilization of energy stores trigger a number of somewhat persistent adaptations that together increase the drive to eat and decrease energy output. These adaptations ostensibly enable a context where the likelihood of energy compensation is heightened. In fact, energy compensation is present for both diet and exercise induced energy deficits although at different magnitudes. For the most part, the energy compensation in response to exercise induced energy deficits seems to be larger. Interestingly, energy compensation appears to be greater for longer interventions, an effect independent of whether the energy deficit is induced through diet or exercise. The latter suggests that the increased drive to eat and the reduced energy expenditure that accompany weight loss might be successfully fought off initially. However, with time there seems to be increasing erosion of the behaviours that initially opposed adaptations to weight loss and increased energy compensation progressively sets in. Under such conditions, it would seem prudent to propose weight loss targets that align with a level of behaviour modifications that can be sustained indefinitely.
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Affiliation(s)
- É Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - K McInis
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - S Mahmoodianfard
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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12
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Cameron JD, Tasca GA, Little J, Chyurlia L, Ritchie K, Yeh E, Doucette S, Obregon AM, Bulman DE, Doucet É, Goldfield GS. Effects of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene polymorphisms on binge eating in women with binge-eating disorder: The moderating influence of attachment style. Nutrition 2018; 61:208-212. [PMID: 30822753 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The genetics of binge-eating disorder (BED) is an emerging topic and one candidate pathway, namely the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene, may be implicated because of its role in food reward sensitivity and self-regulation of eating. The aims of this study were to examine the independent effects of variants of FTO on binge frequency in women with and without BED and to examine the moderating role of interpersonal attachment in this association. METHODS Secondary data analysis was conducted on a cross-sectional comparison of three groups of women in a trial of group treatment for BED: BED with obesity (n = 73), BED without obesity (n = 55), and normal weight without BED (n = 50). Women were genotyped for five of the most common FTO single-nucleotide polymorphisms, rs9939609, rs8050136, rs3751812, rs1421085, and rs1121980, which have been related to body mass index and energy intake. Binge frequency (Eating Disorder Examination), body composition (bioelectric impedance), and attachment (Attachment Style Questionnaire) were assessed. RESULTS There were no significant between-group differences for frequencies of FTO alleles, nor were there any significant anthropometric associations. The FTO × attachment interaction was significant whereby, relative to a low-risk FTO genotype, individuals with a high-risk genotype for the SNP rs1421085 and high-avoidant attachment had higher mean binge frequency than those with high genetic risk but low-avoidant attachment (β = -7.96; t = -2.07; P = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS FTO genotypes associated with risk for obesity and loss of control of eating, specifically rs1421085, may interact with insecure attachment in a way that may exacerbate binge eating among women with BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameason D Cameron
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giorgio A Tasca
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julian Little
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Livia Chyurlia
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kerri Ritchie
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ed Yeh
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ana-Maria Obregon
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Dennis E Bulman
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Éric Doucet
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary S Goldfield
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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13
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Cameron JD, Doucet É, Adamo KB, Walker M, Tirelli A, Barnes JD, Hafizi K, Murray M, Goldfield GS. Effects of prenatal exposure to cigarettes on anthropometrics, energy intake, energy expenditure, and screen time in children. Physiol Behav 2018; 194:394-400. [PMID: 29913228 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal prenatal smoking is associated with downstream childhood obesity. Although animal research suggests reduced resting energy expenditure (REE), decreased physical activity (PA), and increased energy intake as mechanisms, these relationships are unclear in humans. The objectives were to examine the association of prenatal maternal smoking with non-volitional energy expenditure (REE and the thermic effect of feeding [TEF]), child adiposity, energy intake, free-living PA (daily light PA (LPA), daily moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), daily sedentary behavior (SB)), and screen time (television and computer/video game) in children. METHODS As part of a longitudinal study, 46 children (n = 27 controls and n = 19 smoking exposed) with mean age 7.6 ± 2 years were recruited. Body weight and composition (Bioelectrical Impedance), height (Stadiometer), waist circumference (cm; tape), BMI (kg/m2), REE (kcal/day; indirect calorimetry), PA (minutes; Accelerometry), screen time (hours; self-report) and ad libitum energy intake (lunch buffet; 7-day food log) were measured. Effects sizes were evaluated using Cohen's d. RESULTS Relative to controls, after controlling for age and family income, children who were exposed to cigarette smoke in utero exhibited greater waist circumference (p = 0.04, Cohen's d = 1.03), percent body fat (%BF; p = 0.02, Cohen's d = 0.97), and a trend for BMI (p = 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.86). Exposed children did not differ in REE (trend for lower: p = 0.1, Cohen's d = 0.42) or TEF but were shown to have significantly higher ad libitum energy intake (p = 0.02, Cohen's D = 0.70) from the palatable lunch buffet, but not from the out of laboratory 7-day energy intake (p = 0.8). Examining screen time behaviors, exposed children spent more time watching television during the week (p = 0.03, Cohen's D = 0.82), and overall television watching (p = 0.02, Cohen's D = 0.80); there were no group differences in any other screen time behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Children exposed to cigarette smoke in utero exhibit greater adiposity, and this exposure may have as contributing factors higher screen time, ad libitum energy intake, and a trend for reduced REE. The data suggest that lifestyle factors such as diet and screen time represent targets for obesity prevention in a high-risk population of young children exposed to prenatal cigarette smoke. Findings also highlight the need for smoking cessation programs to reduce downstream obesity in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameason D Cameron
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
| | | | - Kristi B Adamo
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mark Walker
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Joel D Barnes
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Gary S Goldfield
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
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14
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Rajkumar A, Liaghati A, Chan J, Lamothe G, Dent R, Doucet É, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Prud'homme D, Harper ME, Tesson F. ACSL5 genotype influence on fatty acid metabolism: a cellular, tissue, and whole-body study. Metabolism 2018; 83:271-279. [PMID: 29605434 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long Chain 5 (ACSL5) gene's rs2419621 T/C polymorphism was associated with ACSL5 mRNA expression and response to lifestyle interventions. However, the mechanistic understanding of the increased response in T allele carriers is lacking. Study objectives were to investigate the effect of rs2419621 genotype and ACSL5 human protein isoforms on fatty acid oxidation and respiration. METHODS Human ACSL5 overexpression in C2C12 mouse myoblasts was conducted to measure 14C palmitic acid oxidation and protein isoform localization in vitro. 14C palmitic acid oxidation studies and Western blot analysis of ACSL5 proteins were carried out in rectus abdominis primary myotubes from 5 rs2419621 T allele carriers and 4 non-carriers. In addition, mitochondrial high-resolution respirometry was conducted on vastus lateralis muscle biopsies from 4 rs2419621 T allele carriers and 4 non-carriers. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to test the association between rs2419621 genotype and respiratory quotient related pre- and post-lifestyle intervention measurements in postmenopausal women with overweight or obesity. RESULTS In comparison to rs2419621 non-carriers, T allele carriers displayed higher levels of i) 683aa ACSL5 isoform, localized mainly in the mitochondria, playing a greater role in fatty acid oxidation in comparison to the 739aa protein isoform ii) in vitro CO2 production in rectus abdominis primary myotubes iii) in vivo fatty acid oxidation and lower carbohydrate oxidation post-intervention iv) ex vivo complex I and II tissue respiration in vastus lateralis muscle. CONCLUSIONS These results support the conclusion that rs2419621 T allele carriers, are more responsive to lifestyle interventions partly due to an increase in the short ACSL5 protein isoform, increasing cellular, tissue and whole-body fatty acid utilization. With the increasing effort to develop personalized medicine to combat obesity, our findings provide additional insight into genotypes that can significantly affect whole body metabolism and response to lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abishankari Rajkumar
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Awa Liaghati
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Jessica Chan
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Gilles Lamothe
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Robert Dent
- The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
| | - Éric Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1S 5L5, Canada.
| | - Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada; Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada.
| | - Denis Prud'homme
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1S 5L5, Canada; Institut de Recherche de l'Hôpital Montfort, Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, ON K1K 0T1, Canada.
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Frédérique Tesson
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
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15
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McNeil J, Lamothe G, Cameron JD, Riou MÈ, Cadieux S, Lafrenière J, Goldfield G, Willbond S, Prud'homme D, Doucet É. Investigating predictors of eating: is resting metabolic rate really the strongest proxy of energy intake? Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:1206-1212. [PMID: 28877891 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.153718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests that fat-free mass and resting metabolic rate (RMR), but not fat mass, are strong predictors of energy intake (EI). However, body composition and RMR do not explain the entire variance in EI, suggesting that other factors may contribute to this variance.Objective: We aimed to investigate the associations between body mass index (in kg/m2), fat mass, fat-free mass, and RMR with acute (1 meal) and daily (24-h) EI and between fasting appetite ratings and certain eating behavior traits with daily EI. We also evaluated whether RMR is a predictor of the error variance in acute and daily EI.Design: Data collected during the control condition of 7 studies conducted in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, were included in these analyses (n = 191 and 55 for acute and daily EI, respectively). These data include RMR (indirect calorimetry), body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), fasting appetite ratings (visual analog scales), eating behavior traits (Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire), and EI (food buffet or menu).Results: Fat-free mass was the best predictor of acute EI (R2 = 0.46; P < 0.0001). The combination of fasting prospective food consumption ratings and RMR was the best predictor of daily EI (R2 = 0.44; P < 0.0001). RMR was a statistically significant positive predictor of the error variance for acute (R2 = 0.20; P < 0.0001) and daily (R2 = 0.23; P < 0.0001) EI. RMR did, however, remain a statistically significant predictor of acute (R2 = 0.32; P < 0.0001) and daily (R2 = 0.30; P < 0.0001) EI after controlling for this error variance.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that combined measurements of appetite ratings and RMR could be used to estimate EI in weight-stable individuals. However, greater error variance in acute and daily EI with increasing RMR values was observed. Future studies are needed to identify whether greater fluctuations in daily EI over time occur with increasing RMR values. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02653378.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica McNeil
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Jameason D Cameron
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Riou
- Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sébastien Cadieux
- Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacynthe Lafrenière
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Food, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Gary Goldfield
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Willbond
- Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Denis Prud'homme
- Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Institut de recherche de l'Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Éric Doucet
- Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to describe and discuss weight loss-induced variations in appetite in women and factors responsible for these changes. RECENT FINDINGS Studies have shown postweight loss increases in fasting and postprandial appetite in individuals engaged in weight loss trials, especially in women. Similarly, appetite-related peptides associated to the homeostatic control of feeding, such as leptin, ghrelin and peptide YY, were also found to be altered in way that promotes increased appetite after weight loss interventions. Sustained caloric deficits also drive increases in the frequency and strength of food cravings, food reward and seem to enhance oro-sensory sensations in women who lost weight. The menstrual cycle has also been to shown to influence caloric intake in women, more specifically food cravings. On the other hand, caloric restriction seems to increase cognitive restraint, decrease habitual disinhibition and susceptibility to hunger among women engaged in weight loss trials. Neural analysis corroborates these results, showing increased activation in brain areas involved in food reward and self-control processing. In conclusion, evidence supports that weight loss increases appetite sensations, and promotes changes in homeostatic and non-homeostatic control of feeding, which collectively seem to upregulate appetite in women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Éric Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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17
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Bonneau J, Ferland G, Karelis AD, Doucet É, Faraj M, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Ferron M. Association between osteocalcin gamma-carboxylation and insulin resistance in overweight and obese postmenopausal women. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:1027-1034. [PMID: 28242268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM In mice, osteocalcin (OCN) acts as a bone-derived hormone promoting insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. In that species, OCN endocrine action is inhibited when its first glutamic acid residue (Glu13) is γ-carboxylated (Gla). The importance of this posttranslational modification for OCN function in human is still unclear. Our objectives were to identify an assay to assess γ-carboxylation of human OCN on its first Glu residue (Glu17) and to test its association with insulin resistance and inflammation profile in overweight women. METHODS Several ELISAs were tested to determine their specificity toward various forms of human OCN. Associations between OCN γ-carboxylation and determinants of glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, liver function and subclinical inflammation were then investigated in 129 non-diabetic overweight and obese postmenopausal women. RESULTS We identified assays allowing the measurement of total OCN (tOCN) and the ratio of Gla17/tOCN. Circulating Gla17/tOCN levels correlated negatively with insulin sensitivity assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglyceamic clamp (P=0.02) or insulin sensitivity index derived from oral glucose tolerance test (P=0.00003), and positively with insulin resistance assessed by HOMA-IR (P=0.0005) and with markers of subclinical inflammation and liver enzymes, including C-reactive protein (CRP; P=0.007) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST; P=0.009). CONCLUSIONS γ-carboxylation of OCN on Glu17 residue correlates with insulin resistance and subclinical inflammation, suggesting that γ-carboxylation of OCN negatively regulates its endocrine action in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bonneau
- Unité de recherche en physiologie intégrative et moléculaire, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada; Programme de biologie moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Québec H3T 3J7, Canada
| | - Guylaine Ferland
- Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Québec H3T 3J7, Canada
| | - Antony D Karelis
- Department of Exercise Science, Université du Québec à Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Éric Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - May Faraj
- Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Québec H3T 3J7, Canada; Unité de recherche en nutrition, lipoprotéines et maladies cardiométaboliques, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Québec H3T 3J7, Canada; Unité de recherche en maladies métaboliques, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Mathieu Ferron
- Unité de recherche en physiologie intégrative et moléculaire, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada; Programme de biologie moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Québec H3T 3J7, Canada; Départements de Médecine et de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Québec H3T 3J7, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal.
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18
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Lafrenière J, Prud’homme D, Brochu M, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Lavoie JM, Doucet É. Energy Density is Not a Consistent Correlate of Adiposity in Women During the Menopausal Transition. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2017; 78:20-25. [DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2016-025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacynthe Lafrenière
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| | - Denis Prud’homme
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| | - Martin Brochu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC
| | - Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC
| | - Jean-Marc Lavoie
- Departments of Kinesiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC
| | - Éric Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
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Lafrenière J, McNeil J, Provencher V, Doucet É. The Effects of Food Labelling on Postexercise Energy Intake in Sedentary Women. J Obes 2017. [PMID: 28626589 PMCID: PMC5463167 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1048973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Food labelling has been previously reported to influence energy intake (EI). Whether food labels influence postexercise EI remains to be determined. We assessed how food labelling and exercise (Ex) interact to influence food perception and postexercise EI. In this randomized crossover design, 14 inactive women participated in 4 experimental conditions: Ex (300 kcal at 70% of VO2peak) and lunch labelled as low in fat (LF), Ex and lunch labelled as high in fat (HF), Rest and LF, and Rest and HF. The lunch was composed of a plate of pasta, yogurt, and oatmeal cookies, which had the same nutritional composition across the 4 experimental conditions. EI at lunch and for the 48-hour period covering the testing day and the following day was assessed. Furthermore, perceived healthiness of the meal and appetite ratings were evaluated. There were no effects of exercise and food labelling on EI. However, meals labelled as LF were perceived as heathier, and this label was associated with higher prospective food consumption. Initial beliefs about food items had a stronger effect on healthiness perception than the different food labels and explain the positive correlation with the amount of food consumed (ρ = 0.34, P < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacynthe Lafrenière
- Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica McNeil
- Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Véronique Provencher
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Éric Doucet
- Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Éric Doucet:
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20
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McNeil J, Doucet É, Brunet JF, Hintze LJ, Chaumont I, Langlois É, Maitland R, Riopel A, Forest G. The effects of sleep restriction and altered sleep timing on energy intake and energy expenditure. Physiol Behav 2016; 164:157-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Rajkumar A, Lamothe G, Bolongo P, Harper ME, Adamo K, Doucet É, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Prud'homme D, Tesson F. Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain 5 genotype is associated with body composition changes in response to lifestyle interventions in postmenopausal women with overweight and obesity: a genetic association study on cohorts Montréal-Ottawa New Emerging Team, and Complications Associated with Obesity. BMC Med Genet 2016; 17:56. [PMID: 27515448 PMCID: PMC4982019 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-016-0320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic studies on Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long-Chain 5 (ACSL5) demonstrate an association between rs2419621 genotype and rate of weight loss in women with obesity in response to caloric restriction. Our objectives were to (1) confirm results in two different populations of women with overweight and obesity (2) study rs2419621's influence on body composition parameters of women with overweight and obesity following lifestyle interventions. METHODS rs2419621 genotype was determined in women with overweight and obesity who participated in the Montréal-Ottawa New Emerging Team (MONET n = 137) and Complications Associated with Obesity (CAO n = 37) studies. Genotyping was done using TaqMan MGB probe-based assay. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to test for associations. RESULTS When studying women with overweight and obesity, rs2419621 [T] allele carriers had a significantly greater decrease in visceral fat, absolute and percent fat mass and a greater increase in percent lean mass in response to lifestyle intervention in comparison to non-carriers. Studying only individuals with obesity showed similar results with rs2419621 [T] allele carriers also displaying a significantly greater decrease in body mass index following the lifestyle intervention in comparison to non-carriers. CONCLUSION Women with overweight and obesity carrying the ACSL5 rs2419621 [T] allele are more responsive to lifestyle interventions in comparison to non-carriers. Conducting such genetic association studies can aid in individualized treatments/interventions catered towards an individual's genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abishankari Rajkumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gilles Lamothe
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pierrette Bolongo
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kristi Adamo
- CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Éric Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Remi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Départment de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Prud'homme
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Institut de recherche de l'Hôpital Montfort, Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Frédérique Tesson
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, 451 Smyth, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Abdulnour J, Razmjou S, Doucet É, Boulay P, Brochu M, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Lavoie JM, Prud'homme D. Influence of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity levels on cardiometabolic risk factors during menopause transition: A MONET study. Prev Med Rep 2016; 4:277-82. [PMID: 27453812 PMCID: PMC4942734 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness (hereafter “fitness”) and physical activity levels on cardiometabolic risk factors in premenopausal women going through the menopause transition. An ancillary study including 66 premenopausal women who participated to a 5-year observational, longitudinal study (2004 to 2009 in Ottawa) on the effects of menopause transition on body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors. Women underwent a graded exercise test on treadmill to measure peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) at year 1 and 5 and physical activity levels were measured using accelerometers. Cardiometabolic risk factors included: waist circumference, fasting plasma lipids, glucose and insulin levels, HOMA-IR score, c-reactive protein, apolipoprotein B (apoB) and resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Change in fitness was not associated with changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. The changes in total physical activity levels on the other hand showed a significant negative association with apoB levels. Three-way linear mixed model repeated measures, showed lower values of waist circumference, fasting triglycerides, insulin levels, HOMA-IR score, apoB and diastolic blood pressure in women with a fitness ≥ 30.0 mlO2 kg− 1 min− 1 compared to women with a fitness < 30.0 mlO2 kg− 1 min− 1 (P < 0.05). However, only fasting triglycerides was lower in women with physical activity levels ≥ 770.0 Kcal/day (P < 0.05). Between fitness and physical activity levels, fitness was associated with more favorable values of cardiometabolic risk factors in women followed for 5 years during the menopause transition. Fitness and physical activity levels are independent predictors of CVD. Change in total physical activity levels was negatively association with apoB. Fitness was associated with more favorable values of cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Abdulnour
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Institut de recherche de l'Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sahar Razmjou
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Institut de recherche de l'Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Éric Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pierre Boulay
- Université de Sherbrooke, Faculté des sciences de l'activité physique, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Research Centre on Aging, Social Services and Health Centre-University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada
| | - Martin Brochu
- Université de Sherbrooke, Faculté des sciences de l'activité physique, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Research Centre on Aging, Social Services and Health Centre-University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada
| | - Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, PQ, Canada; Montréal Diabetes Research Centre, Montréal, PQ, Canada; Institut de Recherche Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, PQ, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Lavoie
- Department of Kinesiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, PQ, Canada
| | - Denis Prud'homme
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Institut de recherche de l'Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Abdulnour J, Stacey D, Dionne IJ, Brochu M, Doucet É, Prud’homme D. Vasomotor symptoms and cardiometabolic risk factors in menopausal women: a MONET Group study. Climacteric 2016; 19:381-6. [DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2016.1191459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Abdulnour
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Institut de recherche de l’Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - D. Stacey
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - I. J. Dionne
- Faculté des sciences de l’activité physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Research Centre on Aging, Social Services and Health Centre-University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - M. Brochu
- Faculté des sciences de l’activité physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Research Centre on Aging, Social Services and Health Centre-University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - É. Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - D. Prud’homme
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Institut de recherche de l’Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Biagé A, Guérin E, Golfield G, Doucet É, Strychar I, Prud’Homme D. Influence of Menopause Transition and Physical Activity on Stress Perception. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000486278.26295.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cameron JD, Goldfield GS, Riou MÈ, Finlayson GS, Blundell JE, Doucet É. Energy depletion by diet or aerobic exercise alone: impact of energy deficit modality on appetite parameters. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:1008-16. [PMID: 26888712 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.115584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millions of Americans attempt to lose weight each year, and it is unclear whether the modality of acute, tightly controlled energy depletions can differently affect appetite parameters and olfaction. OBJECTIVE The objectives were to examine how the modality of an acute 3-d isocaloric 25% energy depletion by dieting alone or by aerobic exercise alone differently affects appetite and appetite-related hormones, ad libitum feeding, food reward (snack points), and olfaction. DESIGN Ten male participants with a mean ± SD age of 23.7 ± 5.1 y and an initial mean ± SD body weight of 83.2 ± 11.5 kg participated in this randomized crossover design. Baseline measurement [day 1 of the control condition (CON1)] was performed and repeated 3 d later [day 4 of the control condition (CON4)], after which randomization was applied to the order of the 2 experimental conditions: 25% daily needs energy deficits induced by diet only (DIET) and by exercise only (EX) and tested before [day 1 of DIET (DIET1) and day 1 of EX (EX1)] and after 3 d [day 4 of DIET (DIET4) and day 4 of EX (EX4)] of the intervention. Body weight, leptin and ghrelin concentrations, relative-reinforcing value of food, and olfaction were measured at days 1 and 4. Body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), ad libitum energy intake (EI; buffet), and palatability (visual analog scale) were measured only at day 4. RESULTS Relative to CON4, EI (P= 0.001), palatability (P= 0.01), and odor threshold (P= 0.05) were higher at DIET4; relative to CON4, palatability (P= 0.03) was higher at EX4. Compared with EX4, EI was higher for DIET4 (P= 0.006). Relative to CON4, snack points earned were higher at DIET4 (P= 0.03) and EX4 (P= 0.001); more snack points were earned at EX4 relative to DIET4 (P= 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Compared with the control condition, DIET represented a greater acute challenge to appetite regulation than EX, as demonstrated by greater appetite and ad libitum EI. This study confirms that compared with depletions by exercise alone, acute caloric restriction results in rapid changes in appetite that result in compensatory eating, which may initially dissuade potential success in weight-loss efforts. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02653378.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameason D Cameron
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada; and
| | - Gary S Goldfield
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada; and
| | - Marie-Ève Riou
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Graham S Finlayson
- Appetite and Energy Balance Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - John E Blundell
- Appetite and Energy Balance Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Éric Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Painchaud Guérard G, Lemieux S, Doucet É, Pomerleau S, Provencher V. Influence of Nutrition Claims on Appetite Sensations according to Sex, Weight Status, and Restrained Eating. J Obes 2016; 2016:9475476. [PMID: 27725885 PMCID: PMC5048035 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9475476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition claims may help people to adopt healthier eating habits, but little is known about the potential cognitive effects of such claims on appetite sensations. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of nutrition claims and individual factors on perceived appetite sensations. According to a three ("healthy" versus "diet" (i.e., satiating) versus "hedonic") by two (restrained or not restrained) by two (normal-weight or overweight/obese) by two (men versus women) factorial design, 164 males and 188 females aged 18-65 were invited to taste an oatmeal-raisin snack in a blinded and ad libitum context. Visual analog scales (150 mm) were used to evaluate appetite sensations before and over 1 h after consumption period. BMI and Restraint Scale were used to categorize participants according to their weight and restraint status. No main condition effect was observed for any of the four appetite sensations. However, subgroups analysis revealed significant differences among specific subgroups. A main effect of sex was also observed for all appetite sensations with men reporting higher levels of desire to eat, hunger and prospective food consumption, and lower levels of fullness than women. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual characteristics in interaction when studying appetite sensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Painchaud Guérard
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, 2440 Boulevard, Hochelaga, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Simone Lemieux
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, 2440 Boulevard, Hochelaga, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Éric Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave East, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Sonia Pomerleau
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, 2440 Boulevard, Hochelaga, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Véronique Provencher
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, 2440 Boulevard, Hochelaga, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
- *Véronique Provencher:
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Riou MÈ, Rioux F, Lamothe G, Doucet É. Validation and Reliability of a Classification Method to Measure the Time Spent Performing Different Activities. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128299. [PMID: 26052699 PMCID: PMC4460017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to validate the performance and reliability of results obtained from a classification model that measures time spent performing activities in confined (CE) and unrestricted (UE) environments. In CE, participants wore a pair of biaxial and/or triaxial accelerometers while performing pre-determined training activities classified as variants of lying down, dynamic standing, sitting, walking and running on two separate days. A classification model trained with activities performed in a specific order during the first day was developed to validate the activities performed in a random order on the second day (CE) and over 24 hours on a separate day (UE). The performance of the classification model was validated against triaxial accelerometers using six (x, y and step counts for arm and thigh) or eight (same as six features plus z axis) features. The reliability of the classification model was tested in both environments using six features. Results revealed an overall accuracy of 94% in CE and 90% in UE. The sensitivity in CE and UE was 94% and 95% for lying down, 88% and 80% for dynamic standing, 97% and 89% for sitting, 96% and 78% for walking and 90% and 64% for running, respectively. No significant differences were noted between performances obtained with six or eight features. Results were highly reproducible in both environments. The results obtained from the classification model were accurate and reproducible, and highlight the potential use of this approach in research to quantify the time spent performing different activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Ève Riou
- Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit (BMRU), School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Gilles Lamothe
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Éric Doucet
- Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit (BMRU), School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- * E-mail:
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McNeil J, Schwartz A, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Lavoie JM, Brochu M, Doucet É. Changes in leptin and peptide YY do not explain the greater-than-predicted decreases in resting energy expenditure after weight loss. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:E443-52. [PMID: 25494860 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-2210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT It is unknown whether leptin and peptide YY (PYY) influence changes in resting energy expenditure (REE), independently of fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) in addition to changes in other energy expenditure (EE) components during weight loss. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to examine the relationships between leptin, PYY, and body composition with different EE components before and after weight loss and whether changes in leptin and PYY were associated with differences in predicted vs measured REE after the intervention. DESIGN This was a randomized controlled design. SETTING The study was conducted in a laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Participants were ninety-three overweight/obese postmenopausal women (aged 58.1 ± 4.8 y; body mass index 32.1 ± 4.3 kg/m(2)). INTERVENTION Interventions included a 6-month caloric restriction diet alone or caloric restriction diet+resistance training. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Body composition (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry), REE (indirect calorimetry), total EE (TEE; doubly labeled water), and fasting leptin and total PYY before and after weight loss were measured. RESULTS Both interventions yielded significant decreases in weight, FFM, REE, and leptin, whereas a significant time × group interaction was noted for FM (greater decrease in FM in the diet+resistance training group) (P < .05 for all outcomes). No significant differences in TEE, physical activity EE, and PYY were noted between baseline and after the intervention. Age, FFM, leptin, and PYY were the best predictors of baseline REE (R(2) = 0.77; P = .0001), whereas age, FFM, and FM were associated with REE after the intervention (R(2) = 0.88; P = .0001). The same predictors, except for leptin, were significantly related to TEE at baseline (R(2) = 0.70; P = .0001) and after the intervention (R(2) = 0.29; P = .0001), whereas only PYY was a significant predictor of physical activity EE at baseline and after the intervention. Changes in FM and leptin accounted for 27% of the variance in ΔREE (P = .0001). Greater predicted vs measured REE was noted after the intervention (P = .02). However, Δ leptin and ΔPYY were not significant predictors of the differences between postintervention measurement and predicted REE. CONCLUSIONS Δ Leptin and ΔFM were strong contributors to changes in REE. However, Δ leptin and ΔPYY were not significant predictors of the differences between predicted and measured REE after the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica McNeil
- Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit (J.M., É.D.), School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5; Department of Nutritional Sciences (A.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G; Département de Nutrition (R.R.-L.), Faculté de Médecine, and Department of Kinesiology (J.-M.L.), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3T 1C5; Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (R.R.-L.), Montréal, Québec, Canada H2W 1R7; Service d'Endocrinologie (R.R.-L.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2W 1T8; Faculty of Physical Education and Sports (M.B.), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H SN4; and Research Centre on Aging, Health, and Social Services Centre (M.B.), University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 4C4
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McNeil J, Cadieux S, Finlayson G, Blundell JE, Doucet É. Associations between sleep parameters and food reward. J Sleep Res 2015; 24:346-50. [PMID: 25644582 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of acute, isocaloric aerobic and resistance exercise on different sleep parameters, and whether changes in these sleep parameters between sessions were related to next morning food reward. Fourteen men and women (age: 21.9 ± 2.7 years; body mass index: 22.7 ± 1.9 kg m(-) ²) participated in three randomized crossover sessions: aerobic exercise; resistance exercise; and sedentary control. Target exercise energy expenditure was matched at 4 kcal kg(-1) of body weight, and performed at 70% of VO2peak or 70% of 1 repetition-maximal. Sleep was measured (accelerometry) for 22 h following each session. The 'wanting' for visual food cues (validated computer task) was assessed the next morning. There were no differences in sleep parameters and food 'wanting' between conditions. Decreases in sleep duration and earlier wake-times were significantly associated with increased food 'wanting' between sessions (P = 0.001). However, these associations were no longer significant after controlling for elapsed time between wake-time and the food reward task. These findings suggest that shorter sleep durations and earlier wake-times are associated with increased food reward, but these associations are driven by elapsed time between awakening and completion of the food reward task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica McNeil
- Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sébastien Cadieux
- Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Graham Finlayson
- BioPsychology Group, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - John E Blundell
- BioPsychology Group, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Éric Doucet
- Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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McNeil J, Cadieux S, Finlayson G, Blundell JE, Doucet É. The effects of a single bout of aerobic or resistance exercise on food reward. Appetite 2014; 84:264-70. [PMID: 25451583 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is unknown whether an acute bout of calorie-matched aerobic and resistance exercise alters food reward in a similar manner. Thus, we examined the effects of isocaloric resistance and aerobic exercise sessions on acute food reward. Sixteen men and women (age: 21.9 ± 2.6 years; BMI: 22.8 ± 1.8 kg/m(2)) participated in three randomized crossover sessions: aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and sedentary control. The target exercise energy expenditure was matched at 4 kcal/kg of body weight, and performed at 70% of VO2peak or 12 repetition-maximum (equivalent to 70% of 1 repetition-maximum). A validated computer task assessed the wanting and liking for visual food cues following exercise, and following an ad libitum lunch. Decreases in the relative preference for high vs. low fat foods were noted following exercise compared to the control session, and this was independent of modality (aerobic: P = 0.04; resistance: P = 0.03). Furthermore, the explicit liking for high vs. low fat foods was lower following resistance exercise compared to the control session (P = 0.04). However, these changes in food reward were not correlated with changes in energy intake (EI) between sessions. Exercise, independent of modality, led to decreases in the relative preference for high fat relative to low fat foods. Additionally, decreases in the hedonic "liking" of high fat foods following resistance, but not aerobic, exercise may imply that modality does influence acute food hedonic responses. However, these decreases in food hedonics were not related to lower EI, thus suggesting that a dissociation may exist between food hedonics and actual EI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica McNeil
- Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Sébastien Cadieux
- Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Graham Finlayson
- BioPsychology Group, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - John E Blundell
- BioPsychology Group, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Éric Doucet
- Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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McNeil J, Prud'homme D, Strychar I, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Brochu M, Lavoie JM, Doucet É. Satiety quotient linked to food intake and changes in anthropometry during menopause: a MONET Study. Climacteric 2014; 17:449-55. [DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2014.895320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Cadieux S, McNeil J, Lapierre MP, Riou MÈ, Doucet É. Resistance and aerobic exercises do not affect post-exercise energy compensation in normal weight men and women. Physiol Behav 2014; 130:113-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abdulnour J, Lacroix MN, Doucet É, Brochu M, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Lavoie JM, Prud’homme D. Exercise Cardiovascular Indices in Premenopausal Women with Exaggerate Exercise Blood Pressure. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000495468.41416.8f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cameron JD, Goldfield GS, Finlayson G, Blundell JE, Doucet É. Fasting for 24 hours heightens reward from food and food-related cues. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85970. [PMID: 24454949 PMCID: PMC3894194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We examined the impact of a 24 hour complete fast (vs. fed state) on two measures of food reward: 1) ‘wanting’, as measured by response to food images and by the relative-reinforcing value of food (RRV), and 2) ‘liking’, as measured by response to food images and the hedonic evaluation of foods consumed. Methods Utilizing a randomized crossover design, 15 subjects (9 male; 6 female) aged 28.6±4.5 yrs with body mass index 25.3±1.4 kg/m2 were randomized and counterbalanced to normal feeding (FED) and 24-hour fast (FASTED) conditions. Trait characteristics were measured with the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire. Two computer tasks measured food reward: 1) RRV progressive ratio task, 2) explicit ‘liking’ and ‘wanting’ (Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire, LFPQ). Also measured were ad libitum energy intake (EI; buffet) and food ‘liking’ (visual analogue scale) of personalized stimuli. Results There were no significant anthropometric changes between conditions. Appetite scores, hedonic ratings of ‘liking’, and ad libitum EI all significantly increased under the FASTED condition (p<0.05). Under the FASTED condition there were significant increases in the RRV of snack foods; similarly, explicit ‘wanting’ and ‘liking’ significantly increased for all food categories. ‘Liking’ of sweet foods remained high across-meals under FASTED, but savory foods decreased in hedonic saliency. Conclusion Relative to a fed state, we observed an increase in hedonic ratings of food, the rewarding value of food, and food intake after a 24 hr fast. Alliesthesia to food and food cues is suggested by heightened hedonic ratings under the FASTED condition relative to FED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameason D. Cameron
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Research Institute Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Gary S. Goldfield
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Research Institute Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Éric Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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McNeil J, Mamlouk MM, Duval K, Schwartz A, Nardo Junior N, Doucet É. Alterations in metabolic profile occur in normal-weight and obese men during the Ramadan fast despite no changes in anthropometry. J Obes 2014; 2014:482547. [PMID: 25177497 PMCID: PMC4142169 DOI: 10.1155/2014/482547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the variations in eating behavior, appetite ratings, satiety efficiency, energy expenditure, anthropometric and metabolic profile markers prior to, during as well as 1 and 4 months after Ramadan in normal-weight and obese men. Anthropometric, energy expenditure (indirect calorimetry and accelerometry), metabolic (fasting blood sample), appetite (visual analogue scales), and eating behavior (Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire) measurements were performed in 10 normal-weight (age: 25.2 ± 4.7 years; BMI: 24.4 ± 1.9 kg/m(2)) and 10 obese (age: 27.0 ± 4.5 years; BMI: 34.8 ± 3.7 kg/m(2)) men. The satiety quotient (SQ) was calculated 180 minutes after breakfast consumption. All anthropometric variables, as well as resting and total energy expenditure, were greater in obese compared to normal-weight participants (P = 0.02-0.0001). Similarly, obese participants had greater triglycerides, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance concentrations (P = 0.02-0.002). Greater apolipoprotein B, glucose, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein concentrations were noted during Ramadan (P = 0.04-0.0001). Dietary restraint scores were also greater during Ramadan (P = 0.0001). No differences in anthropometry, other metabolic profile markers, energy expenditure, appetite ratings, and SQ were noted across sessions. Lastly, changes in anthropometric measurements correlated with delta metabolic profile markers, as well as changes in disinhibition eating behavior trait and dietary restraint scores. The Ramadan fast led to increases in certain metabolic profile markers despite no changes in appetite and anthropometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica McNeil
- Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit (BMRU), School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Mohamed M. Mamlouk
- Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit (BMRU), School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Karine Duval
- Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Alexander Schwartz
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E2
| | - Nelson Nardo Junior
- Multiprofessional Nucleus of Obesity Study, Department of Physical Education, State University of Maringa, 87020-900 Maringa, PR, Brazil
| | - Éric Doucet
- Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit (BMRU), School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
- *Éric Doucet:
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McNeil J, Drapeau V, Gallant AR, Tremblay A, Doucet É, Chaput JP. Short sleep duration is associated with a lower mean satiety quotient in overweight and obese men. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67:1328-30. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Reed JL, Chaput JP, Tremblay A, Doucet É. The maintenance of energy balance is compromised after weight loss. Can J Diabetes 2013; 37:121-7. [PMID: 24070803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Available literature reveals that of the majority of individuals who are able to lose weight, only a small number are able to maintain their weight loss over time. Effective weight maintenance strategies after weight loss are illusive, which is most likely the result of a number of yet poorly understood factors. In fact, both appetite and energy expenditure are profoundly altered in response to reductions in body energy reserves. Weight reduction leads to decreased energy needs, but to an augmented drive to eat, thus compromising the maintenance of energy balance in the weight-reduced state by widening the theoretical gap between the 2 components of energy balance. This review first provides a summary of the factors related to the control of feeding and energy expenditure during weight stability. More specifically related to the topic of this review, the bulk of the literature presented depicts the post weight-loss control of appetite and energy expenditure. The integration of the literature presented in this paper reveals that body weight loss seems to orchestrate a coordinated response to resist further energy depletion, that would seem to create a state of increased vulnerability of weight regain. It is argued that these changes are largely responsible for the more than apparent difficulty in maintaining weight maintenance after weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Reed
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Minto Prevention and Rehabilitation Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada.
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McNeil J, Doucet É, Chaput JP. Inadequate sleep as a contributor to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Can J Diabetes 2013; 37:103-8. [PMID: 24070800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that adults and children who are habitual short sleepers tend to have a higher body mass index, fat percentage and abdominal circumference when compared to average-duration sleepers. Reduced or disturbed sleep is also associated with certain predictors of type 2 diabetes, such as glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, reduced insulin response to glucose and a reduction in the disposition index. Current experimental evidence suggests that sleep restriction may lead to increased food intake but does not appear to result in decreased energy expenditure. Furthermore, sleep restriction has been reported to increase evening cortisol levels, which may decrease insulin sensitivity the next morning. This notion was further supported by studies, which noted decreases in the effectiveness of insulin-mediated glucose uptake the following morning. Further evidence suggests that short sleepers have glucose responses that are similar to average-duration sleepers, but at the cost of an increase in insulin release, which may be the result of decreased insulin sensitivity over time. Recent studies also provide evidence that sleep restriction enhances susceptibility to food stimuli, especially for energy-dense, high-carbohydrate foods. In summary, inadequate sleep, in both quality and quantity, should be regarded as a plausible risk factor for the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In addition to other health promotion measures, a good night's sleep should be seen as a critical health component by clinicians in the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica McNeil
- Behavioural and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Myette-Côté É, Doucet É, Prud'homme D, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Lavoie JM, Brochu M. Changes in Glucose Disposal After a Caloric Restriction-Induced Weight Loss Program in Obese Postmenopausal Women: Characteristics of Positive and Negative Responders. Can J Diabetes 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.03.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Thrush AB, Antoun G, Boushel R, Doucet É, Imbeault P, McPherson R, Dent R, Harper ME. Investigating The Metabolic Basis for Weight loss Variability in Obese Humans. Can J Diabetes 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.03.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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McNeil J, Drapeau V, Gallant A, Tremblay A, Doucet É, Chaput JP. Short Sleep Duration is Associated with a Lower Satiety Quotient in Overweight Men. Can J Diabetes 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.03.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wilson S, Ferraro ZM, Goldfield G, Hadjiyannakis S, Doucet É, Adamo KB. Appetite Signaling Proteins, Glucose and Appetite Sensations in Obese Adolescents with Subclinical Binge Eating Disorder. Can J Diabetes 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.03.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cameron JD, Riou MÈ, Tesson F, Goldfield GS, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Brochu M, Doucet É. The TaqIA RFLP is associated with attenuated intervention-induced body weight loss and increased carbohydrate intake in post-menopausal obese women. Appetite 2012; 60:111-116. [PMID: 23032305 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polymorphisms of the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) gene have been associated with obesity phenotypes. Our aim was to examine if the genotype of TaqIA Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFPL) was related to an attenuated weight loss response or to changes in energy expenditure (EE) and food preference before and after weight loss. methods: Obese post-menopausal women (age=57.1 ± 4.6 yr, weight=85.4 ± 15.4 kg and BMI=32.8 ± 4.5 kg/m(2)) were genotyped for TaqIA (n=127) by using PCR-RFLP analysis and categorized as possessing at least one copy of the A1 allele (A1(+)) or no copy (A1(-)). Women were randomized into two groups, caloric restriction (CR) and caloric restriction+resistance training (CRRT) and in this study were further classified as follows: A1(+)CR, A1(+)CRRT, A1-(-)CR and (-)A1(-)CRRT. Body composition, total daily EE, physical activity EE, Resting EE (REE), and energy intake were obtained at baseline and post-intervention using DXA, doubly-labeled water, indirect calorimetry, and 3-day dietary records, respectively. RESULTS Overall, all of the anthropometric variables and REE significantly decreased post-intervention (p<0.001). Women in the CRRT group lost significantly more fat mass (FM) than the CR women (p<0.05). There were significant time by group by allele interactions for attenuated body weight (BW), BMI, and FM loss for A1(+) (vs. A1(-)) in CRRT (p<0.05) and for increased % carbohydrate intake (p<0.01). CONCLUSION TaqIA genotype was associated with body weight loss post-intervention; more specifically, carriers of the A1 allele lost significantly less BW and FM than the A1(-) and had increased carbohydrate intake in the CRRT group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie-Ève Riou
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Frédérique Tesson
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary S Goldfield
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5; Children's Hospital of Eastern Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Montreal Institute for Clinical Research (IRCM), Montréal, Canada; Montreal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC) of Centre de Recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Martin Brochu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Research Centre on Aging, Social Services and Health Centre, University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Éric Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5.
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Thivel D, Aucouturier J, Doucet É, Saunders TJ, Chaput JP. Daily energy balance in children and adolescents. Does energy expenditure predict subsequent energy intake? Appetite 2012; 60:58-64. [PMID: 23023045 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Both physical and sedentary activities primarily impact energy balance through energy expenditure, but they also have important implications in term of ingestive behavior. The literature provides scarce evidence on the relationship between daily activities and subsequent nutritional adaptations in children and adolescents. Sedentary activities and physical exercise are generally considered distinctly despite the fact that they represent the whole continuum of daily activity-induced energy expenditure. This brief review paper examines the impact of daily activities (from vigorous physical activity to imposed sedentary behaviors) on acute energy intake control of lean and obese children and adolescents, and whether energy expenditure is the main predictor of subsequent energy intake in this population. After an overview of the available literature, we conclude that both acute physical activity and sedentary behaviors induce food consumption modifications in children and adolescents but also that the important discrepancy between the methodologies used does not allow any clear conclusion so far. When considering energy intake responses according to the level of energy expenditure generated by those activities, it is clear that energy expenditure is not the main predictor of food consumption in both lean and obese children and adolescents. This suggests that other characteristics of those activities may have a greater impact on calorie intake (such as intensity, duration or induced mental stress) and that energy intake may be mainly determined by non-homeostatic pathways that could override the energetic and hormonal signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Thivel
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L1.
| | - Julien Aucouturier
- Université Droit et Santé Lille 2, EA 4488 "Activité Physique, Muscle, Santé", Faculté des Sciences du Sport et de l'Education Physique, 59790 Ronchin, France
| | - Éric Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 125 University, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 6N5
| | - Travis J Saunders
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L1; School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 125 University, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 6N5
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L1; School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 125 University, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 6N5
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Gravel K, Doucet É, Herman CP, Pomerleau S, Bourlaud AS, Provencher V. "Healthy," "diet," or "hedonic". How nutrition claims affect food-related perceptions and intake? Appetite 2012; 59:877-84. [PMID: 22963737 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of nutrition claims on food perceptions and intake among adult men and women, during ad libitum snacks. In a three (healthy vs. diet vs. hedonic) by two (normal-weight vs. overweight/obese) by two (unrestrained vs. restrained eaters) factorial design, 164 men and 188 women were invited to taste and rate oatmeal-raisin cookies. Despite the fact that the cookies were the same in all conditions, they were perceived as being healthier in the "healthy" condition than in the "diet" and "hedonic" conditions. The caloric content was estimated as higher by participants in the "hedonic" than in the "healthy" condition, by women than by men, and by restrained than by unrestrained eaters. Although measured ad libitum cookie intake did not differ as a function of experimental condition, overweight restrained men ate more than did women from each BMI and restraint category. Conversely, overweight restrained women ate less than did men from each BMI and restraint category. In conclusion, our manipulations of healthiness and "fatteningness" of food were effective in changing perceptions, but were not in changing behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Gravel
- Institut des Nutraceutiques et des Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Pavillon des Services, 2440, Boul. Hochelaga, Québec, Que., Canada G1V 0A6.
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McNeil J, Doucet É. Possible factors for altered energy balance across the menstrual cycle: a closer look at the severity of PMS, reward driven behaviors and leptin variations. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2012; 163:5-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cameron JD, Goldfield GS, Doucet É. Fasting for 24h improves nasal chemosensory performance and food palatability in a related manner. Appetite 2012; 58:978-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Normandin E, Mathieu ME, Karelis A, Doucet É, Lavoie ME, Garrel D, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Brochu M. Effects of a weight-loss program on body composition and the metabolic profile in obese individuals displaying various obesity phenotypes. Can J Diabetes 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1499-2671(11)52182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Doyon CY, Brochu M, Messier V, Lavoie MÈ, Faraj M, Doucet É, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Dionne IJ. Association between Abdominal Fat (DXA) and Its Subcomponents (CT Scan) before and after Weight Loss in Obese Postmenopausal Women: A MONET Study. J Obes 2011; 2011:239516. [PMID: 21603261 PMCID: PMC3092519 DOI: 10.1155/2011/239516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Subcutaneous fat (ScF) and visceral fat (VF) measurements using CT scan are expensive and may imply significant radiation doses. Cross-sectional studies using CT scan showed that ScF and VF are significantly correlated with abdominal fat measured by DXA (AF-DXA). The association has not been studied after a weight loss. Objective. To determine (1) the associations between AF-DXA and ScF and VF before and after weight loss and (2) the associations between their changes. Methods. 137 overweight/obese postmenopausal women were divided in two groups (1-caloric restriction or 2-caloric restriction + resistance training). AF was assessed using DXA and CT scan. Results. Correlations between AF-DXA and ScF (before: r = 0.87, after; r = 0.87; P < .01) and, AF-DXA and VF (before: r = 0.61, after; r = 0.69; P < .01) are not different before and after the weight loss. Correlations between delta AF-DXA and delta ScF (r = 0.72; P < .01) or delta VF (r = 0.51; P < .01) were found. Conclusion. The use of AF-DXA as a surrogate for VF after weight loss is questionable, but may be interesting for ScF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Y. Doyon
- Research Centre on Aging, University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, 1036 Belvedere Street South, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 4C4
- Faculté d'Éducation Physique et Sportive, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 de l'Université Boulevard, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1K2R1
| | - Martin Brochu
- Research Centre on Aging, University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, 1036 Belvedere Street South, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 4C4
- Faculté d'Éducation Physique et Sportive, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 de l'Université Boulevard, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1K2R1
| | - Virginie Messier
- Unité de Recherche en Maladies Métaboliques, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 des Pins Avenue West, Montreal, QC, Canada H2W 1R7
| | - Marie-Ève Lavoie
- Unité de Recherche en Maladies Métaboliques, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 des Pins Avenue West, Montreal, QC, Canada H2W 1R7
- Département de Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - May Faraj
- Unité de Recherche en Maladies Métaboliques, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 des Pins Avenue West, Montreal, QC, Canada H2W 1R7
- Département de Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Éric Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Montpetit Hall, 125 University Avenue, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
- Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, Montfort Hospital, 713 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1K 0T2
| | - Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Unité de Recherche en Maladies Métaboliques, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 des Pins Avenue West, Montreal, QC, Canada H2W 1R7
- Département de Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Isabelle J. Dionne
- Research Centre on Aging, University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, 1036 Belvedere Street South, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 4C4
- Faculté d'Éducation Physique et Sportive, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 de l'Université Boulevard, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1K2R1
- *Isabelle J. Dionne:
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Roberts L, Hopkins M, Tannous T, Roberts-MacDonald M, Doucet É. Carbohydrates and feeding: An extension of the glucostatic theory of appetite regulation. Can J Diabetes 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1499-2671(11)52086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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