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Peeters WM, Cook LE, Page O. The effect of pre-exercise protein intake on substrate metabolism, energy expenditure, and energy intake: a dose-response study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2023; 20:2275006. [PMID: 37886841 PMCID: PMC11018317 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2023.2275006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-exercise protein consumption does not seem to influence substrate metabolism during exercise compared to fasted exercise, however it is unclear if the protein dose impacts on this effect. METHODS In a randomized, double-blinded within-subject design trial, healthy, active males and females (n = 15, 25 ± 5 yrs, O2peak: 47.5 ± 8.8 ml/kg/min) completed 1 h of cycling exercise at 60% peak power output 30 min after having consumed either 0, 20, or 40 g of whey protein. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure substrate oxidation during exercise and baseline and post-exercise resting energy expenditure. Blood samples were taken throughout the trials to measure metabolic responses. Free-living food intake post-trial was collected using food diaries. RESULTS Fat oxidation rates during exercise did not differ between the three conditions (p = 0.19) with small effect sizes between conditions (Cohen's dz: 0 vs. 20 g = 0.22, 0 vs. 40 g = 0.47, 20 vs. 40 g = 0.27). Serum insulin was higher in the protein groups vs. 0 g (p < 0.05), whereas non-esterified fatty acids were higher in the 0 g compared to 20 and 40 g (p < 0.05). Glucose was significantly lower after 15 min of exercise in 20 and 40 g vs. 0 g (p = 0.01). Resting energy expenditure was elevated post-exercise (p < 0.001), without an interaction for protein dose (p = 0.90). Post-trial free-living energy intake was not different between conditions (p = 0.31), but 24-h energy intake was significantly higher in 40 vs. 0 g (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Protein doses up to 40 g do not seem to impair fat oxidation rates during exercise compared to fasted exercise and could be considered as a nutritional strategy for exercising individuals who struggle to include fasted exercise in their training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Michiel Peeters
- Newcastle University, School of Biomedical, Nutrition and Sport Sciences, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Lauren Elizabetha Cook
- Newcastle University, School of Biomedical, Nutrition and Sport Sciences, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Oliver Page
- Newcastle University, Population Health Science Institute, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Palombi T, Galli F, Giancamilli F, D'Amico M, Alivernini F, Gallo L, Neroni P, Predazzi M, De Pietro G, Lucidi F, Giordano A, Chirico A. The role of sense of presence in expressing cognitive abilities in a virtual reality task: an initial validation study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13396. [PMID: 37591908 PMCID: PMC10435488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a raised interest in literature to use Virtual Reality (VR) technology as an assessment tool for cognitive domains. One of the essential advantages of transforming tests in an immersive virtual environment is the possibility of automatically calculating the test's score, a time-consuming process under natural conditions. Although the characteristics of VR can deliver different degrees of immersion in a virtual environment, the sense of presence could jeopardize the evolution of these practices. The sense of presence results from a complex interaction between human, contextual factors, and the VR environment. The present study has two aims: firstly, it contributes to the validation of a virtual version of the naturalistic action test (i.e., virtual reality action test); second, it aims to evaluate the role of sense of presence as a critical booster of the expression of cognitive abilities during virtual reality tasks. The study relies on healthy adults tested in virtual and real conditions in a cross-over research design. The study's results support the validity of the virtual reality action test. Furthermore, two structural equation models are tested to comprehend the role of sense of presence as a moderator in the relationship between cognitive abilities and virtual task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Palombi
- Department of Psychology of Developmental and Socialization Processes, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Galli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome, Foro Italico, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Giancamilli
- Department of Psychology of Developmental and Socialization Processes, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica D'Amico
- Department of Clinical Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- Department of Psychology of Developmental and Socialization Processes, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Gallo
- Institute for High-Performance Computing and Networking, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Neroni
- Institute for High-Performance Computing and Networking, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe De Pietro
- Institute for High-Performance Computing and Networking, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Psychology of Developmental and Socialization Processes, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Psychology of Developmental and Socialization Processes, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Saintila J, Baquedano-Santana LE, Calizaya-Milla YE, Ramos-Vera C, Barrientos AS, Carranza-Esteban RF. Association between frequency of breakfast consumption and cardiometabolic risk in Peruvian university teachers, 2019-2020. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1238223. [PMID: 37575324 PMCID: PMC10419266 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1238223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the relationship between health status and dietary intake has been extensively studied in the general population, there is a lack of research that has specifically examined the association between frequency of breakfast consumption and cardiometabolic risk in university teachers. Objective To determine the association between the frequency of breakfast consumption and cardiometabolic risk in university teachers. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 176 teachers from a private university located in the eastern region of Lima, Peru (Mage: 37.0 years; SD: 0.8, range: 24-59 years). The study was conducted during the period from December 2019 to February 2020. Information was collected on anthropometric and biochemical parameters and frequency of breakfast consumption. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to explore the association between frequency of breakfast with sociodemographic, anthropometric, and biochemical variables. Results The highest prevalence of excess body weight (44.4%) was observed in those who consumed breakfast 0 to 2 days/week, but without statistical differences. Those who reported Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) < 160 mg/dL were 77% less likely to fall into the 3-5 day/week breakfast frequency category than those who reported a regular frequency of breakfast (6 to 7 days/week) (Adjusted OR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.73; p < 0.05). In addition, teachers who reported a breakfast frequency of 3 to 5 days/week were 83% more likely to have a glucose concentration < 110 mg/dL compared to those who consumed breakfast of 6 to 7 days/week (Adjusted OR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.75; p < 0.05). Conclusion Skipping breakfast for an extended period of time can have detrimental effects on cardiometabolic health. Promoting the benefits of breakfast could be a health message of great public health interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura E. Baquedano-Santana
- Research and Development Laboratories, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Renzo F. Carranza-Esteban
- Grupo de Investigación Avances en Investigación Psicológica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
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Rakha A, Mehak F, Shabbir MA, Arslan M, Ranjha MMAN, Ahmed W, Socol CT, Rusu AV, Hassoun A, Aadil RM. Insights into the constellating drivers of satiety impacting dietary patterns and lifestyle. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1002619. [PMID: 36225863 PMCID: PMC9549911 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1002619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food intake and body weight regulation are of special interest for meeting today's lifestyle essential requirements. Since balanced energy intake and expenditure are crucial for healthy living, high levels of energy intake are associated with obesity. Hence, regulation of energy intake occurs through short- and long-term signals as complex central and peripheral physiological signals control food intake. This work aims to explore and compile the main factors influencing satiating efficiency of foods by updating recent knowledge to point out new perspectives on the potential drivers of satiety interfering with food intake regulation. Human internal factors such as genetics, gender, age, nutritional status, gastrointestinal satiety signals, gut enzymes, gastric emptying rate, gut microbiota, individual behavioral response to foods, sleep and circadian rhythms are likely to be important in determining satiety. Besides, the external factors (environmental and behavioral) impacting satiety efficiency are highlighted. Based on mechanisms related to food consumption and dietary patterns several physical, physiological, and psychological factors affect satiety or satiation. A complex network of endocrine and neuroendocrine mechanisms controls the satiety pathways. In response to food intake and other behavioral cues, gut signals enable endocrine systems to target the brain. Intestinal and gastric signals interact with neural pathways in the central nervous system to halt eating or induce satiety. Moreover, complex food composition and structures result in considerable variation in satiety responses for different food groups. A better understanding of foods and factors impacting the efficiency of satiety could be helpful in making smart food choices and dietary recommendations for a healthy lifestyle based on updated scientific evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allah Rakha
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakiha Mehak
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asim Shabbir
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Asim Shabbir
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Waqar Ahmed
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Alexandru Vasile Rusu
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Alexandru Vasile Rusu
| | - Abdo Hassoun
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMRt 1158 BioEcoAgro, USC ANSES, INRAe, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. Liège, Junia, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- Sustainable AgriFoodtech Innovation & Research (SAFIR), Arras, France
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Rana Muhammad Aadil
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Frampton J, Edinburgh RM, Ogden HB, Gonzalez JT, Chambers ES. The acute effect of fasted exercise on energy intake, energy expenditure, subjective hunger and gastrointestinal hormone release compared to fed exercise in healthy individuals: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:255-268. [PMID: 34732837 PMCID: PMC8794783 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the acute effect of fasted and fed exercise on energy intake, energy expenditure, subjective hunger and gastrointestinal hormone release. METHODS CENTRAL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched to identify randomised, crossover studies in healthy individuals that compared the following interventions: (i) fasted exercise with a standardised post-exercise meal [FastEx + Meal], (ii) fasted exercise without a standardised post-exercise meal [FastEx + NoMeal], (iii) fed exercise with a standardised post-exercise meal [FedEx + Meal], (iv) fed exercise without a standardised post-exercise meal [FedEx + NoMeal]. Studies must have measured ad libitum meal energy intake, within-lab energy intake, 24-h energy intake, energy expenditure, subjective hunger, acyl-ghrelin, peptide YY, and/or glucagon-like peptide 1. Random-effect network meta-analyses were performed for outcomes containing ≥5 studies. RESULTS 17 published articles (23 studies) were identified. Ad libitum meal energy intake was significantly lower during FedEx + Meal compared to FedEx + NoMeal (MD: -489 kJ; 95% CI, -898 to -80 kJ; P = 0.019). Within-lab energy intake was significantly lower during FastEx + NoMeal compared to FedEx + NoMeal (MD: -1326 kJ; 95% CI, -2102 to -550 kJ; P = 0.001). Similarly, 24-h energy intake following FastEx + NoMeal was significantly lower than FedEx + NoMeal (MD: -2095 kJ; 95% CI, -3910 kJ to -280 kJ; P = 0.024). Energy expenditure was however significantly lower during FastEx + NoMeal compared to FedEx+NoMeal (MD: -0.67 kJ/min; 95% CI, -1.10 to -0.23 kJ/min; P = 0.003). Subjective hunger was significantly higher during FastEx + Meal (MD: 13 mm; 95% CI, 5-21 mm; P = 0.001) and FastEx + NoMeal (MD: 23 mm; 95% CI, 16-30 mm; P < 0.001) compared to FedEx + NoMeal. CONCLUSION FastEx + NoMeal appears to be the most effective strategy to produce a short-term decrease in energy intake, but also results in increased hunger and lowered energy expenditure. Concerns regarding experimental design however lower the confidence in these findings, necessitating future research to rectify these issues when investigating exercise meal timing and energy balance. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020208041. KEY POINTS Fed exercise with a standardised post-exercise meal resulted in the lowest energy intake at the ad libitum meal served following exercise completion. Fasted exercise without a standardised post-exercise meal resulted in the lowest within-lab and 24-h energy intake, but also produced the lowest energy expenditure and highest hunger. Methodological issues lower the confidence in these findings and necessitate future work to address identified problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Frampton
- Section for Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | | | - Henry B Ogden
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Wellbeing, Plymouth Marjon University, Plymouth, UK
| | - Javier T Gonzalez
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Edward S Chambers
- Section for Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Daniëls N, Bartels S, Verhagen S, Van Knippenberg R, De Vugt M, Delespaul P. Digital assessment of working memory and processing speed in everyday life: Feasibility, validation, and lessons-learned. Internet Interv 2020; 19:100300. [PMID: 31970080 PMCID: PMC6965714 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2019.100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cognitive functioning is often impaired in mental and neurological conditions and might fluctuate throughout the day. An existing experience-sampling tool was upgraded to assess individual's cognition in everyday life. The objectives were to test the feasibility and validity of two momentary cognition tasks. METHODS The momentary Visuospatial Working Memory Task (mVSWMT) and momentary Digit Symbol Substitution Task (mDSST) were add-ons to an experience sampling method (ESM) smartphone app. Healthy adults (n = 49) between 19 and 73 years of age performed the tasks within an ESM questionnaire 8 times a day, over 6 consecutive days. Feasibility was determined through completion rate and participant experience. Validity was assessed through contextualization of cognitive performance within intrapersonal and situational factors in everyday life. FINDINGS Participants experienced the tasks as pleasant, felt motivated, and the completion rate was high (71%). Social context, age, and distraction influenced cognitive performance in everyday life. The mVSWMT was too difficult as only 37% of recalls were correct and thus requires adjustments (i.e. fixed time between encoding and recall; more trials per moment). The mDSST speed outcome seems the most sensitive outcome measure to capture between- and within-person variance. CONCLUSIONS Short momentary cognition tasks for repeated assessment are feasible and hold promise, but more research is needed to improve validity and applicability in different samples. Recommendations for teams engaging in the field include matching task design with traditional neuropsychological tests and involving a multidisciplinary team as well as users. Special attention for individual needs can improve motivation and prevent frustration. Finally, tests should be attractive and competitive to stimulate engagement, but still reflect actual cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.E.M. Daniëls
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Medicine and Lifesciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - S.L. Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Medicine and Lifesciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - S.J.W. Verhagen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Medicine and Lifesciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - R.J.M. Van Knippenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Medicine and Lifesciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M.E. De Vugt
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Medicine and Lifesciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ph.A.E.G Delespaul
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Medicine and Lifesciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Mondriaan Mental Health Trust, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Heerlen, the Netherlands
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Diekmann C, Wagner M, Huber H, Preuß M, Preuß P, Predel HG, Stoffel-Wagner B, Fimmers R, Stehle P, Egert S. Acute Impact of Dietary Pattern and Walking on Postprandial Attention, Mood, and Satiety in Older Adults: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102294. [PMID: 31561490 PMCID: PMC6835356 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Research suggests that attention, mood, and satiety can be influenced by meal composition and postprandial activity. The present study examined whether this hypothesis applies to persons with a risk phenotype for the development of cardiovascular/neurodegenerative diseases. A randomized crossover trial was conducted in subjects with metabolic syndrome traits (n = 26, 8 female, age 70 ± 5, BMI 30.3 ± 2.3 kg/m2). Each subject participated in four interventions: iso-energetic (4300 kJ) meals (Western diet high-fat, WD, and Mediterranean-type diet, MD) followed by either 30 min of moderate walking (4.6 ± 0.1 km/h) or rest. Attention, mood, satiety and plasma cortisol concentrations were measured at fasting and 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 h postprandially. Data were analyzed by linear mixed models. In all interventions, attention increased continuously in the postprandial period (time effect, P < 0.001). After WD, attention was lower after walking compared to resting (meal × activity effect, P < 0.05). Postprandial mood was generally "good" with no intervention effects. Postprandial satiety increased reaching maximum at 1.5 h after meal (time effect, P < 0.001) and was higher after MD compared to WD (meal effect, P < 0.001). In all interventions, plasma cortisol decreased similar to its diurnal variation (time effect, P < 0.001). In our subjects, meal composition had no relevant impact on attention and mood. After typical WD, resting instead of walking seems to have a more beneficial effect on postprandial attention. MD leads to a strong and long-lasting feeling of satiety, possibly resulting in reduced energy intake in the further course of the day and, thus, long-term effect on weight control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Diekmann
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Hanna Huber
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Manuela Preuß
- Human Resource Development, Healthy Campus Bonn, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Peter Preuß
- University Sports, University of Bonn, 53117 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Hans-Georg Predel
- Department of Circulation Research and Sports Medicine, Preventive and Rehabilitative Sports and Performance Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Birgit Stoffel-Wagner
- Central Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Rolf Fimmers
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Peter Stehle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Sarah Egert
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Breaking up prolonged sitting with moderate-intensity walking improves attention and executive function in Qatari females. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219565. [PMID: 31299061 PMCID: PMC6625720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cultural, environmental and logistical factors promote a sedentary lifestyle within Qatar, particularly for females. Sedentary behaviour is acutely associated with poor cognitive function and fatigue, and chronically may be implicated with cognitive decline (i.e. Alzheimer’s disease). Purpose To examine the effects of breaking up sitting with short-duration frequent walking bouts on cognitive function and fatigue in Qatari females. Method Eleven sedentary (sitting ≥7 h/day) females completed three visits; the first being familiarisation. In a cross-over randomised manner, experimental visits two and three were identical, except participants either remained seated for 5-h (SIT) or interrupted their sitting every 30-min with a 3-min moderate-intensity walk (WALK) on a motorised treadmill. The Computerised Mental Performance Assessment System (COMPASS) assessed cognition at baseline (-15-min), and then at 2.5-h and 5-h into the experimental conditions. Specific COMPASS tasks employed were; serial-3 subtractions (2-min), serial-7 subtractions (2-min), simple reaction time (RT; 50 stimuli), rapid visual information processing [RVIP (5-min)], choice reaction time (CRT; 50 stimuli), and Stroop (60 stimuli); and a visual analogue scale for fatigue (VAS-F) was completed at the same time intervals. Results There was a significant condition effect for CRT (f = 26.7, p = 0.007). On average CRT was 101 s (95% CI = -47 to -156 s) quicker in WALK compared to SIT. There was a significant time effect for CRT (f = 15.5, p = 0.01). On average CRT was 134 s slower at 5-h compared to baseline (p = 0.006; 95% CI = -64 to -203 s), and 114 s slower at 5-h compared to 2.5-h (p = 0.01; 95% CI = -44 to -183 s). There was a significant interaction effect for RT in the Stroop incongruent task (f = 10.0, p = 0.03). On average RT was 210 s quicker at 2.5-h in WALK compared to SIT (p = 0.01; 95% CI = -76 to -346 s). Conclusion Breaking up prolonged sitting with moderate-intensity walking offers an ecologically valid intervention to enhance some aspects of cognitive function, whilst not affecting fatigue in sedentary Qatari females. Whilst these findings are promising, the long-term effects of breaking up sitting on cognitive function requires testing before population level recommendations can be made.
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Bin Naharudin MN, Yusof A, Shaw H, Stockton M, Clayton DJ, James LJ. Breakfast Omission Reduces Subsequent Resistance Exercise Performance. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:1766-1772. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Taheri M, Irandoust K, Seghatoleslamy A, Eshaghi S, Valayi F. The acute effect of breakfast cereal consumption on inhibitory cognitive control in competitive male collegiate athlete’s with habitual breakfast skipping. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1603694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Taheri
- Department of sport sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Irandoust
- Department of sport sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Shahrian Eshaghi
- Department of sport sciences, Master of Sports Nutrition, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Fariba Valayi
- Department of sport sciences, Master of Motor Behavior, Karaj Azad University, Karaj, Iran
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11
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Gwin JA, Leidy HJ. A Review of the Evidence Surrounding the Effects of Breakfast Consumption on Mechanisms of Weight Management. Adv Nutr 2018; 9:717-725. [PMID: 30204837 PMCID: PMC6247188 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recommendation to eat breakfast has received scrutiny due to insufficient causal evidence for improvements in weight management. Despite the limited number of randomized controlled trials examining the effects of breakfast consumption compared with skipping breakfast on weight loss, an increasing number of studies target the hormonal and behavioral mechanisms underlying weight management. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the intervention-based clinical trials that test whether breakfast consumption improves appetite control and satiety as well as energy expenditure compared with skipping breakfast. Several factors were considered when interpreting the body of evidence. These include, but were not limited to, the following: the composition of breakfast, with a specific focus on dietary protein; meal size and form; and habitual breakfast behaviors. The evidence within this review shows positive to neutral support for the inclusion of breakfast for improvements in appetite control, satiety, and postprandial energy expenditure. The protein content, energy content, and form of the meal (i.e., beverages compared with foods) are key modulating factors for ingestive behavior and energy expenditure mechanisms. Specifically, breakfast meals containing a larger amount of protein (≥30 g protein/meal) and energy (≥350 kcal/meal) and provided as solid foods increased the magnitude of the appetite and satiety response compared with breakfast skipping. Longer-term randomized controlled trials including the measurement of ingestive behavior and weight management are needed to identify the role of breakfast for health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess A Gwin
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Heather J Leidy
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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