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Mthembu SXH, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Ziqubu K, Muvhulawa N, Marcheggiani F, Cirilli I, Nkambule BB, Muller CJF, Basson AK, Tiano L, Dludla PV. Potential regulatory role of PGC-1α within the skeletal muscle during metabolic adaptations in response to high-fat diet feeding in animal models. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:283-293. [PMID: 38044359 PMCID: PMC10847180 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) feeding in rodents has become an essential tool to critically analyze and study the pathological effects of obesity, including mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) regulates cellular energy metabolism to influence insulin sensitivity, beyond its active role in stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis to facilitate skeletal muscle adaptations in response to HFD feeding. Here, some of the major electronic databases like PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were accessed to update and critically discuss information on the potential role of PGC-1α during metabolic adaptations within the skeletal muscle in response to HFD feeding in rodents. In fact, available evidence suggests that partial exposure to HFD feeding (potentially during the early stages of disease development) is associated with impaired metabolic adaptations within the skeletal muscle, including mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced insulin sensitivity. In terms of implicated molecular mechanisms, these negative effects are partially associated with reduced activity of PGC-1α, together with the phosphorylation of protein kinase B and altered expression of genes involving nuclear respiratory factor 1 and mitochondrial transcription factor A within the skeletal muscle. Notably, metabolic abnormalities observed with chronic exposure to HFD (likely during the late stages of disease development) may potentially occur independently of PGC-1α regulation within the muscle of rodents. Summarized evidence suggests the causal relationship between PGC-1α regulation and effective modulations of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic flexibility during the different stages of disease development. It further indicates that prominent interventions like caloric restriction and physical exercise may affect PGC-1α regulation during effective modulation of metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinenhlanhla X H Mthembu
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Sithandiwe E Mazibuko-Mbeje
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Ndivhuwo Muvhulawa
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Fabio Marcheggiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilenia Cirilli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
- Centre for Cardiometabolic Research Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, Empangeni, 3886, South Africa
| | - Albertus K Basson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, Empangeni, 3886, South Africa
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa.
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, Empangeni, 3886, South Africa.
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa.
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Persad KL, Lopaschuk GD. Energy Metabolism on Mitochondrial Maturation and Its Effects on Cardiomyocyte Cell Fate. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:886393. [PMID: 35865630 PMCID: PMC9294643 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.886393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in energy metabolism play a major role in the lineage of cardiomyocytes, such as the dramatic changes that occur in the transition from neonate to newborn. As cardiomyocytes mature, they shift from a primarily glycolytic state to a mitochondrial oxidative metabolic state. Metabolic intermediates and metabolites may have epigenetic and transcriptional roles in controlling cell fate by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis. In the maturing cardiomyocyte, such as in the postnatal heart, fatty acid oxidation increases in conjunction with increased mitochondrial biogenesis driven by the transcriptional coregulator PGC1-α. PGC1-α is necessary for mitochondrial biogenesis in the heart at birth, with deficiencies leading to postnatal cardiomyopathy. While stem cell therapy as a treatment for heart failure requires further investigation, studies suggest that adult stem cells may secrete cardioprotective factors which may regulate cardiomyocyte differentiation and survival. This review will discuss how metabolism influences mitochondrial biogenesis and how mitochondrial biogenesis influences cell fate, particularly in the context of the developing cardiomyocyte. The implications of energy metabolism on stem cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes and how this may be utilized as a therapy against heart failure and cardiovascular disease will also be discussed.
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Zhang P, Liu Y, Zhu D, Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Huang Q, Li M, Chen Y, Sun M. Sirt3 negatively regulates Glut4 in skeletal muscle insulin resistance in old male offspring rats fed with maternal high fat diet. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 104:108970. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Azzimato V, Chen P, Barreby E, Morgantini C, Levi L, Vankova A, Jager J, Sulen A, Diotallevi M, Shen JX, Miller A, Ellis E, Rydén M, Näslund E, Thorell A, Lauschke VM, Channon KM, Crabtree MJ, Haschemi A, Craige SM, Mori M, Spallotta F, Aouadi M. Hepatic miR-144 Drives Fumarase Activity Preventing NRF2 Activation During Obesity. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:1982-1997.e11. [PMID: 34425095 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Oxidative stress plays a key role in the development of metabolic complications associated with obesity, including insulin resistance and the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We have recently discovered that the microRNA miR-144 regulates protein levels of the master mediator of the antioxidant response, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). On miR-144 silencing, the expression of NRF2 target genes was significantly upregulated, suggesting that miR-144 controls NRF2 at the level of both protein expression and activity. Here we explored a mechanism whereby hepatic miR-144 inhibited NRF2 activity upon obesity via the regulation of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) metabolite, fumarate, a potent activator of NRF2. METHODS We performed transcriptomic analysis in liver macrophages (LMs) of obese mice and identified the immuno-responsive gene 1 (Irg1) as a target of miR-144. IRG1 catalyzes the production of a TCA derivative, itaconate, an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). TCA enzyme activities and kinetics were analyzed after miR-144 silencing in obese mice and human liver organoids using single-cell activity assays in situ and molecular dynamic simulations. RESULTS Increased levels of miR-144 in obesity were associated with reduced expression of Irg1, which was restored on miR-144 silencing in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, miR-144 overexpression reduces Irg1 expression and the production of itaconate in vitro. In alignment with the reduction in IRG1 levels and itaconate production, we observed an upregulation of SDH activity during obesity. Surprisingly, however, fumarate hydratase (FH) activity was also upregulated in obese livers, leading to the depletion of its substrate fumarate. miR-144 silencing selectively reduced the activities of both SDH and FH resulting in the accumulation of their related substrates succinate and fumarate. Moreover, molecular dynamics analyses revealed the potential role of itaconate as a competitive inhibitor of not only SDH but also FH. Combined, these results demonstrate that silencing of miR-144 inhibits the activity of NRF2 through decreased fumarate production in obesity. CONCLUSIONS Herein we unravel a novel mechanism whereby miR-144 inhibits NRF2 activity through the consumption of fumarate by activation of FH. Our study demonstrates that hepatic miR-144 triggers a hyperactive FH in the TCA cycle leading to an impaired antioxidant response in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Azzimato
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Ping Chen
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Emelie Barreby
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Morgantini
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Laura Levi
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ana Vankova
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Jager
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Team « Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Obesity and Diabetes,» Côte d'Azur, France
| | - André Sulen
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Marina Diotallevi
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Anne Miller
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ewa Ellis
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Erik Näslund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Thorell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Ersta Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Keith M Channon
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark J Crabtree
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Arvand Haschemi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siobhan M Craige
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Spallotta
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "A. Ruberti," National Research Council (IASI - CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Eshima H, Tamura Y, Kakehi S, Kakigi R, Kawamori R, Watada H. Maintenance of contractile force and increased fatigue resistance in slow-twitch skeletal muscle of mice fed a high-fat diet. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:528-536. [PMID: 33270511 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00218.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) significantly increases exercise endurance performance during treadmill running. However, whether HFD consumption increases endurance capacity via enhanced muscle fatigue resistance has not been clarified. In this study, we investigated the effects of HFDs on contractile force and fatigue resistance of slow-twitch dominant muscles. The soleus (SOL) muscle of male C57BL/6J mice fed an HFD (60% kcal from fat) or a low-fat diet (LFD) for 12 wk was analyzed. Muscle contractile force was measured under resting conditions and during fatigue induced by repeated tetanic contractions (100 Hz, 50 contractions, and 2-s intervals). Differences in muscle twitch or tetanic force were not evident between HFD and LFD groups, whereas fatigue resistance was higher in the HFD groups. The SOL muscle of HFD-fed mice showed increased levels of markers related to oxidative capacity such as succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and citrate synthase (CS) activity. In addition, electron microscopy analyses indicated that the total number of mitochondria and mitochondrial volume density increased in the SOL muscle of the HFD groups. These findings suggest that HFD consumption induces increased muscle fatigue resistance in slow-twitch dominant muscle fibers. This effect of HFD may be related to elevated oxidative enzyme activity, high mitochondrial content, or both.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we examined the effects of HFDs on muscle contractile force and fatigue resistance of slow-twitch dominant muscles ex vivo. We found that contractile function was comparable between the HFD groups and the LFD group, whereas fatigue resistance was higher in the HFD groups. This effect of HFD may be related to elevated oxidative enzyme activity, high mitochondrial content, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Eshima
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Tamura
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori Kakehi
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Kakigi
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Kawamori
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Molecular Diabetology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Gauze-Gnagne C, Raynaud F, Djohan YF, Lauret C, Feillet-Coudray C, Coudray C, Monde A, Koffi G, Morena M, Camara-Cisse M, Cristol JP, Badia E. Impact of diets rich in olive oil, palm oil or lard on myokine expression in rats. Food Funct 2020; 11:9114-9128. [PMID: 33025998 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01269f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
It has recently emerged that myokines may be an important skeletal muscle adaptive response to obesogenic diets in sedentary subjects (who do not exercise). This study aimed to assess the influence of various high fat (HF) diets rich in either crude palm oil (cPO), refined palm oil (rPO), olive oil (OO) or lard on the modulation of myokine gene expression in the gastrocnemius. Five groups of 8 rats were each fed HF or control diet for 12 weeks. Systemic parameters concerning glucose, insulin, inflammation, cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) and transaminases were assessed by routine methods or ELISA. Akt and ACC phosphorylation were analyzed by WB in the soleus. Mitochondrial density, inflammation, and the gene expression of 17 myokines and the apelin receptor (Apj) were assessed by qPCR in the gastrocnemius. We found that HF diet-fed rats were insulin resistant and Akt phosphorylation decreased in the soleus muscle, but without any change in Glut4 gene expression. Systemic (IL-6) and muscle inflammation (NFκB and IκB) were not affected by the HF diets as well as TBARS, and ASAT level was enhanced with OO diet. Soleus pACC phosphorylation and gastrocnemius mitochondrial density were not significantly altered. The gene expression of some myokines was respectively increased (myostatin and Il-15) and decreased (Fndc5 and apelin) with the HF diets, whatever the type of fat used. The gene expression of two myokines with anti-inflammatory properties, Il-10 and myonectin, was dependent on the type of fat used and was most increased respectively with cPO or both rPO and OO diets. In conclusion, high-fat diets can differentially modulate the expression of some myokines, either in a dependent manner or independently of their composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Gauze-Gnagne
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU, Univ. Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. and Institut National d'Hygiène Publique, INHP, Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire and PhyMedExp, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrice Raynaud
- PhyMedExp, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Youzan Ferdinand Djohan
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU, Univ. Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Céline Lauret
- PhyMedExp, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Absalome Monde
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU, Univ. Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Gervais Koffi
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU, Univ. Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. and PhyMedExp, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Morena
- PhyMedExp, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Département de Biochimie et Hormonologie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Massara Camara-Cisse
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU, Univ. Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Jean Paul Cristol
- PhyMedExp, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Département de Biochimie et Hormonologie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Badia
- PhyMedExp, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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Effects of a Ketogenic Diet Containing Medium-Chain Triglycerides and Endurance Training on Metabolic Enzyme Adaptations in Rat Skeletal Muscle. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051269. [PMID: 32365746 PMCID: PMC7284751 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term intake of a ketogenic diet enhances utilization of ketone bodies, a particularly energy-efficient substrate, during exercise. However, physiological adaptation to an extremely low-carbohydrate diet has been shown to upregulate pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4, a negative regulator of glycolytic flux) content in skeletal muscle, resulting in impaired high-intensity exercise capacity. This study aimed to examine the effects of a long-term ketogenic diet containing medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) on endurance training-induced adaptations in ketolytic and glycolytic enzymes of rat skeletal muscle. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on either a standard diet (CON), a long-chain triglyceride-containing ketogenic diet (LKD), or an MCT-containing ketogenic diet (MKD). Half the rats in each group performed a 2-h swimming exercise, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks. Endurance training significantly increased 3-oxoacid CoA transferase (OXCT, a ketolytic enzyme) protein content in epitrochlearis muscle tissue, and MKD intake additively enhanced endurance training–induced increases in OXCT protein content. LKD consumption substantially increased muscle PDK4 protein level. However, such PDK4 increases were not observed in the MKD-fed rats. In conclusion, long-term intake of ketogenic diets containing MCTs may additively enhance endurance training–induced increases in ketolytic capacity in skeletal muscle without exerting inhibitory effects on carbohydrate metabolism.
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Messa GAM, Piasecki M, Hurst J, Hill C, Tallis J, Degens H. The impact of a high-fat diet in mice is dependent on duration and age, and differs between muscles. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb217117. [PMID: 31988167 PMCID: PMC7097303 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.217117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged high-fat diets (HFDs) can cause intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) accumulation that may negatively affect muscle function. We investigated the duration of a HFD required to instigate these changes, and whether the effects are muscle specific and aggravated in older age. Muscle morphology was determined in the soleus, extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and diaphragm muscles of female CD-1 mice from 5 groups: young fed a HFD for 8 weeks (YS-HFD, n=16), young fed a HFD for 16 weeks (YL-HFD, n=28) and young control (Y-Con, n=28). The young animals were 20 weeks old at the end of the experiment. Old (70 weeks) female CD-1 mice received either a normal diet (O-Con, n=30) or a HFD for 9 weeks (OS-HFD, n=30). Body mass, body mass index and intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content increased in OS-HFD (P≤0.003). In the young mice, this increase was seen in YL-HFD and not YS-HFD (P≤0.006). The soleus and diaphragm fibre cross-sectional area (FCSA) in YL-HFD was larger than that in Y-Con (P≤0.004) while OS-HFD had a larger soleus FCSA compared with that of O-Con after only 9 weeks on a HFD (P<0.001). The FCSA of the EDL muscle did not differ significantly between groups. The oxidative capacity of fibres increased in young mice only, irrespective of HFD duration (P<0.001). High-fat diet-induced morphological changes occurred earlier in the old animals than in the young, and adaptations to HFD were muscle specific, with the EDL being least responsive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy A M Messa
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Mathew Piasecki
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Josh Hurst
- Center for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Alison Gingell Building, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Cameron Hill
- Center for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Alison Gingell Building, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, Kings College, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jason Tallis
- Center for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Alison Gingell Building, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Targu Mures, Târgu Mureş 540139, Romania
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9
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Schneider J, Han WH, Matthew R, Sauvé Y, Lemieux H. Age and sex as confounding factors in the relationship between cardiac mitochondrial function and type 2 diabetes in the Nile Grass rat. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228710. [PMID: 32084168 PMCID: PMC7034865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study revisits the role of cardiac mitochondrial adjustments during the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while considering age and sex as potential confounding factors. We used the Nile Grass rats (NRs) as the animal model. After weaning, animals were fed either a Standard Rodent Chow Diet (SRCD group) or a Mazuri Chinchilla Diet (MCD group) consisting of high-fiber and low-fat content. Both males and females in the SRCD group, exhibited increased body mass, body mass index, and plasma insulin compared to the MCD group animals. However, the females were able to preserve their fasting blood glucose throughout the age range on both diets, while the males showed significant hyperglycemia starting at 6 months in the SRCD group. In the males, a higher citrate synthase activity-a marker of mitochondrial content-was measured at 2 months in the SRCD compared to the MCD group, and this was followed by a decline with age in the SRCD group only. In contrast, females preserved their mitochondrial content throughout the age range. In the males exclusively, the complex IV capacity expressed independently of mitochondrial content varied with age in a diet-specific pattern; the capacity was elevated at 2 months in the SRCD group, and at 6 months in the MCD group. In addition, females, but not males, were able to adjust their capacity to oxidize long-chain fatty acid in accordance with the fat content of the diet. Our results show clear sexual dimorphism in the variation of mitochondrial content and oxidative phosphorylation capacity with diet and age. The SRCD not only leads to T2DM but also exacerbates age-related cardiac mitochondrial defects. These observations, specific to male NRs, might reflect deleterious dietary-induced changes on their metabolism making them more prone to the cardiovascular consequences of aging and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Schneider
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Woo Hyun Han
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rebecca Matthew
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yves Sauvé
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hélène Lemieux
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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10
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Hoshino S, Kobayashi M, Tagawa R, Konno R, Abe T, Furuya K, Miura K, Wakasawa H, Okita N, Sudo Y, Mizunoe Y, Nakagawa Y, Nakamura T, Kawabe H, Higami Y. WWP1 knockout in mice exacerbates obesity-related phenotypes in white adipose tissue but improves whole-body glucose metabolism. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:306-315. [PMID: 31965758 PMCID: PMC7050250 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is important for maintenance of homeostasis, because it stores energy and secretes adipokines. The WAT of obese people demonstrates mitochondrial dysfunction, accompanied by oxidative stress, which leads to insulin resistance. WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (WWP1) is a member of the HECT-type E3 family of ubiquitin ligases and is associated with several diseases. Recently, we demonstrated that WWP1 is induced specifically in the WAT of obese mice, where it protects against oxidative stress. Here, we investigated the function of WWP1 in WAT of obese mice by analyzing the phenotype of Wwp1 knockout (KO) mice fed a high-fat diet. The levels of oxidative stress markers were higher in obese WAT from Wwp1 KO mice. Moreover, Wwp1 KO mice had lower activity of citrate synthase, a mitochondrial enzyme. We also measured AKT phosphorylation in obese WAT and found lower levels in Wwp1 KO mice. However, plasma insulin level was low and glucose level was unchanged in obese Wwp1 KO mice. Moreover, both glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test were improved in obese Wwp1 KO mice. These findings indicate that WWP1 participates in the antioxidative response and mitochondrial function in WAT, but knockdown of WWP1 improves whole-body glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Hoshino
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Ryoma Tagawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Konno
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Takuro Abe
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Furuya
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Kumi Miura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Hiroki Wakasawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Okita
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyo-onoda, Japan
| | - Yuka Sudo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Yuhei Mizunoe
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Nakagawa
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakamura
- Division of Biosignaling, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawabe
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Division of Pathogenic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Gerontology, Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Higami
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
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11
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Li RJ, Liu Y, Liu HQ, Li J. Ketogenic diets and protective mechanisms in epilepsy, metabolic disorders, cancer, neuronal loss, and muscle and nerve degeneration. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13140. [PMID: 31943235 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ketogenic diet (KD), the "High-fat, low-carbohydrate, adequate-protein" diet strategy, replacing glucose with ketone bodies, is effective against several diseases, from intractable epileptic seizures, metabolic disorders, tumors, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and neurodegeneration to skeletal muscle atrophy and peripheral neuropathy. Key mechanisms include augmented mitochondrial efficiency, reduced oxidative stress, and regulated phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase, gamma-aminobutyric acid-glutamate, Na+/ K+ pump, leptin and adiponectin levels, ghrelin levels, lipogenesis, ketogenesis, lipolysis, and gluconeogenesis. In cancer cells, KD targets glucose metabolism, suppresses insulin-like growth factor-1 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, and reduces cancer cachexia and muscle waste and fatigue. An associated increased skeletal proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α activity alters systemic ketone body homeostasis, contributing toward attenuated diabetic hyperketonemia. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties enable KD enhance endurance and sports performances while preventing exercise-induced muscle and organ debility. KD reduces metabolic syndromes-associated allodynia and promotes peripheral axonal and sensory regeneration. This review enlightens effects of KD on various disease conditions. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: It is increasingly being realized that diet plays a very important role in our fight against several diseases. This can range from neurological disorders to diabetes and cancer. In this context, the potential of KD, the "High-fat, low-carbohydrate, adequate-protein" diet strategy, is increasingly being realized. In this article, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the benefits of KD against many diseases and discuss the underlying biochemical mechanisms. We hope that our write-up will stimulate further research on KD and help generate an interest for the populations to adopt this healthy diet. It can help overcome the problems associated with weight and dysregulated metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jun Li
- The Handsurgery Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The Handsurgery Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huan-Qiu Liu
- The Anesthesia Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ji Li
- The Anesthesia Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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12
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van den Brink W, van Bilsen J, Salic K, Hoevenaars FPM, Verschuren L, Kleemann R, Bouwman J, Ronnett GV, van Ommen B, Wopereis S. Current and Future Nutritional Strategies to Modulate Inflammatory Dynamics in Metabolic Disorders. Front Nutr 2019; 6:129. [PMID: 31508422 PMCID: PMC6718105 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic disorders have a large impact on global health, especially in Western countries. An important hallmark of metabolic disorders is chronic low-grade inflammation. A key player in chronic low-grade inflammation is dysmetabolism, which is defined as the inability to keep homeostasis resulting in loss of lipid control, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Although often not yet detectable in the circulation, chronic low-grade inflammation can be present in one or multiple organs. The response to a metabolic challenge containing lipids may magnify dysfunctionalities at the tissue level, causing an overflow of inflammatory markers into the circulation and hence allow detection of early low-grade inflammation. Here, we summarize the evidence of successful application of metabolic challenge tests in type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and unhealthy aging. We also review how metabolic challenge tests have been successfully applied to evaluate nutritional intervention effects, including an "anti-inflammatory" mixture, dark chocolate, whole grain wheat and overfeeding. Additionally, we elaborate on future strategies to (re)gain inflammatory flexibility. Through epigenetic and metabolic regulation, the inflammatory response may be trained by regular mild and metabolic triggers, which can be understood from the perspective of trained immunity, hormesis and pro-resolution. New strategies to optimize dynamics of inflammation may become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem van den Brink
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van Bilsen
- Department of Risk Analysis for Products in Development, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Kanita Salic
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Femke P. M. Hoevenaars
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Lars Verschuren
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jildau Bouwman
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | | | - Ben van Ommen
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
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13
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The Impact of High-Fat Diet on Mitochondrial Function, Free Radical Production, and Nitrosative Stress in the Salivary Glands of Wistar Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2606120. [PMID: 31354904 PMCID: PMC6637679 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2606120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the salivary gland dysfunction in insulin resistance; however, the cause of increased free radical formation in these conditions is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) on the mitochondrial respiratory system, prooxidant enzymes, ROS production, and nitrosative/oxidative stress in the submandibular and parotid glands of rats. The experiment was performed on male Wistar rats divided into two groups (n = 10): control and HFD. The 8-week feeding of HFD affects glucose metabolism observed as significant increase in plasma glucose and insulin as well as HOMA-IR as compared to the control rats. The activity of mitochondrial Complex I and Complex II+III was significantly decreased in the parotid and submandibular glands of HFD rats. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity and the hydrogen peroxide level were significantly increased in the parotid and submandibular glands of the HFD group as compared to those of the controls. HFD rats also showed significantly lower reduced glutathione (GSH) and reduced : oxidized glutathione (GSH : GSSG) ratio, as well as a higher GSSG level in the parotid glands of HFD rats. The activity of NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and levels of oxidative/nitrosative stress (malonaldehyde, nitric oxide, nitrotyrosine, and peroxynitrite) and inflammation/apoptosis (interleukin-1β and caspase-3) biomarkers were statistically elevated in the HFD group in comparison to the controls. HFD impairs mitochondrial function in both types of salivary glands by enhancing ROS production, as well as stimulating inflammation and apoptosis. However, free radical production, protein nitration, and lipid peroxidation were more pronounced in the parotid glands of HFD rats.
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14
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Leduc-Gaudet JP, Reynaud O, Chabot F, Mercier J, Andrich DE, St-Pierre DH, Gouspillou G. The impact of a short-term high-fat diet on mitochondrial respiration, reactive oxygen species production, and dynamics in oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscles of young rats. Physiol Rep 2019; 6. [PMID: 29479852 PMCID: PMC6430054 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple aspects of mitochondrial function and dynamics remain poorly studied in the skeletal muscle of pediatric models in response to a short-term high-fat diet (HFD). This study investigated the impact of a short-term HFD on mitochondrial function and dynamics in the oxidative soleus (SOL) and glycolytic extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in young rats. Young male Wistar rats were submitted to either HFD or normal chow (NCD) diets for 14 days. Permeabilized myofibers from SOL and EDL were prepared to assess mitochondrial respiration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The expression and content of protein involved in mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics (fusion/fission) were also quantified. While no effects of HFD was observed on mitochondrial respiration when classical complex I and II substrates were used, both SOL and EDL of rats submitted to a HFD displayed higher basal and ADP-stimulated respiration rates when Malate + Palmitoyl-L-carnitine were used as substrates. HFD did not alter ROS production and markers of mitochondrial content. The expression of CPT1b was significantly increased in SOL and EDL of HFD rats. Although the expression of UCP3 was increased in SOL and EDL muscles from HFD rats, mitochondrial coupling efficiency was not altered. In SOL of HFD rats, the transcript levels of Mfn2 and Fis1 were significantly upregulated. The expression and content of proteins regulating mitochondrial dynamics was not modulated by HFD in the EDL. Finally, DRP1 protein content was increased by over fourfold in the SOL of HFD rats. Taken altogether, our findings show that exposing young animals to short-term HFD results in an increased capacity of skeletal muscle mitochondria to oxidize fatty acids, without altering ROS production, coupling efficiency, and mitochondrial content. Our results also highlight that the impact of HFD on mitochondrial dynamics appears to be muscle specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Leduc-Gaudet
- Département des Sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Montréal, Canada.,Groupe de recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Montréal, Canada.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine and Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivier Reynaud
- Département des Sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Montréal, Canada.,Groupe de recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Montréal, Canada
| | - François Chabot
- Département des Sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Montréal, Canada.,Groupe de recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - David E Andrich
- Département des Sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Montréal, Canada
| | - David H St-Pierre
- Département des Sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Montréal, Canada.,Groupe de recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Montréal, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada
| | - Gilles Gouspillou
- Département des Sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté des Sciences, UQAM, Montréal, Canada.,Groupe de recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Montréal, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut, Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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15
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Ma S, Huang Q, Tominaga T, Liu C, Suzuki K. An 8-Week Ketogenic Diet Alternated Interleukin-6, Ketolytic and Lipolytic Gene Expression, and Enhanced Exercise Capacity in Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1696. [PMID: 30405021 PMCID: PMC6266160 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjusting dietary fat intake is reported to affect mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and thus may enhance exercise capacity. However, a high-fat diet where carbohydrate intake is not limited enough also makes it difficult for athletes to maintain weight, and may fail to force the body to utilize fat. As such, a low-carbohydrate, high-fat, ketogenic diet (KD) may be viable. We have previously reported that an eight-week KD enhances exercise capacity, and suggested the mechanism to be enhanced lipolysis and ketolysis. In the present study, we investigated how an eight-week KD alters mRNA expression during fatty acid mobilization, FAO and ketolysis. We found that an eight-week KD may remodel the lipid metabolism profile, thus contributing to influence exercise capacity. We also found that ketolysis, lipolysis and FAO adaptations may contribute to enhanced exhaustive exercise performance. Along with enhanced FAO capacity during exhaustive exercise, a KD may also alter IL-6 synthesis and secretion profile, thus contribute to fatty acid mobilization, ketolysis, lipolysis and preventing muscle damage. Both the lipid metabolism response and IL-6 secretion appeared to be muscle fiber specific. Taken together, the previous and present results reveal that an eight-week KD may enhance exercise performance by up-regulating ketolysis and FAO ability. Therefore, a KD may have the potential to prevent muscle damage by altering IL-6 secretion profile, indicating that a KD may be a promising dietary approach in endurance athletes, sports, and for injury prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Ma
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan.
| | - Qingyi Huang
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan.
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Takaki Tominaga
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Chunhong Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan.
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16
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Rasool S, Geetha T, Broderick TL, Babu JR. High Fat With High Sucrose Diet Leads to Obesity and Induces Myodegeneration. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1054. [PMID: 30258366 PMCID: PMC6143817 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle utilizes both free fatty acids (FFAs) and glucose that circulate in the blood stream. When blood glucose levels acutely increase, insulin stimulates muscle glucose uptake, oxidation, and glycogen synthesis. Under these conditions, skeletal muscle preferentially oxidizes glucose while the oxidation of fatty acids (FAs) oxidation is reciprocally decreased. In metabolic disorders associated with insulin resistance, such as diabetes and obesity, both glucose uptake, and utilization muscle are significantly reduced causing FA oxidation to provide the majority of ATP for metabolic processes and contraction. Although the causes of this metabolic inflexibility or disrupted "glucose-fatty acid cycle" are largely unknown, a diet high in fat and sugar (HFS) may be a contributing factor. This metabolic inflexibility observed in models of obesity or with HFS feeding is detrimental because high rates of FA oxidation in skeletal muscle can lead to the buildup of toxic metabolites of fat metabolism and the accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which further exacerbate the insulin resistance. Further, HFS leads to skeletal muscle atrophy with a decrease in myofibrillar proteins and phenotypically characterized by loss of muscle mass and strength. Overactivation of ubiquitin proteasome pathway, oxidative stress, myonuclear apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction are some of the mechanisms involved in muscle atrophy induced by obesity or in mice fed with HFS. In this review, we will discuss how HFS diet negatively impacts the various physiological and metabolic mechanisms in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Rasool
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Tom L Broderick
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Jeganathan R Babu
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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17
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Roura M, Catalá MG, Soto-Heras S, Hammami S, Izquierdo D, Fouladi-Nashta A, Paramio MT. Linoleic (LA) and linolenic (ALA) acid concentrations in follicular fluid of prepubertal goats and their effect on oocyte in vitro maturation and embryo development. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 30:286-296. [PMID: 28679464 DOI: 10.1071/rd17174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we assessed the concentration of linoleic acid (LA) and linolenic acid (ALA) in follicular fluid of prepubertal goats according to follicle size (<3mm or ≥3mm) by gas chromatography and tested the addition of different LA and ALA (LA:ALA) concentration ratios (50:50, 100:50 and 200:50µM) to the IVM medium on embryo development, mitochondrial activity, ATP concentration and relative gene expression (RPL19, ribosomal protein L19; SLC2A1, facilitated glucose transporter 1; ATF4, activating transcription factor 4; GPX1, glutathione peroxidase 1; HSPA5, heat-shock protein family A 70 kDa; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; DNMT1, DNA methyltransferase 1; GCLC, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit; SOD1, superoxide dismutase 1). Oocytes were in vitro matured, fertilised or parthenogenetically activated and zygotes were cultured following conventional protocols. LA concentration ranged from 247 to 319µM and ALA concentration from 8.39 to 41.19µM without any effect of follicle size. Blastocyst production from the different groups was: control FCS (22.33%) and BSA (19.63%), treatments 50:50 (22.58%), 100:50 (21.01%) and 200:50 (9.60%). Oocytes from the 200:50 group presented higher polyspermy and mitochondrial activity compared with controls and the rest of the treatment groups. No differences were observed in ATP concentration or relative expression of the genes measured between treatment groups. In conclusion, the low number of blastocysts obtained in the 200:50 group was caused by a high number of polyspermic zygotes, which could suggest that high LA concentration impairs oocyte membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Roura
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Travessera dels Turons s/n, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María G Catalá
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Travessera dels Turons s/n, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sandra Soto-Heras
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Travessera dels Turons s/n, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sondes Hammami
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Travessera dels Turons s/n, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Dolors Izquierdo
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Travessera dels Turons s/n, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ali Fouladi-Nashta
- Reproduction Genes and Development Group, Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane Hatfield, Herts AL97TA, UK
| | - Maria-Teresa Paramio
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Travessera dels Turons s/n, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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18
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Ke C, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Shen Y. Metabolomic characterization of hypertension and dyslipidemia. Metabolomics 2018; 14:117. [PMID: 30830367 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1408-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension and dyslipidemia are two main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Moreover, their coexistence predisposes individuals to a considerably increased risk of CVD. However, the regulatory mechanisms involved in hypertension and dyslipidemia as well as their interactions are incompletely understood. OBJECTIVES The aims of our study were to identify metabolic biomarkers and pathways for hypertension and dyslipidemia, and compare the metabolic patterns between hypertension and dyslipidemia. METHODS In this study, we performed metabolomic investigations into hypertension and dyslipidemia based on a "healthy" UK population. Metabolomic data from the Husermet project were acquired by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Both univariate and multivariate statistical methods were used to facilitate biomarker selection and pathway analysis. RESULTS Serum metabolic signatures between individuals with and without hypertension or dyslipidemia exhibited considerable differences. Using rigorous selection criteria, 26 and 46 metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers of hypertension and dyslipidemia respectively. These metabolites, mainly involved in fatty acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, are implicated in insulin resistance, vascular remodeling, macrophage activation and oxidised LDL formation. Remarkably, hypertension and dyslipidemia exhibit both common and distinct metabolic patterns, revealing their independent and synergetic biological implications. CONCLUSION This study identified valuable biomarkers and pathways for hypertension and dyslipidemia, and revealed common and different metabolic patterns between hypertension and dyslipidemia. The information provided in this study could shed new light on the pathologic mechanisms and offer potential intervention targets for hypertension and dyslipidemia as well as their related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofu Ke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Zhu
- Suzhou Industrial Park Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Institute of Health Inspection and Supervision), Suzhou, 215021, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueping Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Rivero JLL. Locomotor muscle fibre heterogeneity and metabolism in the fastest large-bodied rorqual: the fin whale ( Balaenoptera physalus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.177758. [PMID: 29691309 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.177758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
From a terrestrial ancestry, the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) is one of the largest animals on Earth with a sprinter anti-predator strategy, and a characteristic feeding mode, lunge feeding, which involves bouts of high-intensity muscle activity demanding high metabolic output. We investigated the locomotor muscle morphology and metabolism of this cetacean to determine whether its muscle profile (1) explains this unique swimming performance and feeding behaviour, (2) is or is not homogeneous within the muscle, and (3) predicts allometric variations inherent to an extreme body size. A predominantly fast-glycolytic phenotype characterized the fin whale locomotor muscle, composed of abundant fast-twitch (type IIA) fibres with high glycolytic potential, low oxidative capacity, relatively small size, and reduced number of capillaries. Compared with superficial areas, deep regions of this muscle exhibited a slower and more oxidative profile, suggesting a division of labour between muscle strata. As expected, the fin whale locomotor muscle only expressed the two slowest myosin heavy chain isoforms (I and IIA). However, it displayed anaerobic (glycolytic) and aerobic (lipid-based metabolism) capabilities higher than would be predicted from the allometric perspective of its extreme body size. Relationships between muscle metabolism and body mass were fibre-type specific. The 'sprinter' profile of the fin whale swimming muscle, particularly of its superficial compartment, supports physiological demands during both high-speed swimming and the lunge, when energy expenditure reaches maximal or supramaximal levels. Comparatively, the slower and more oxidative profile of the deep compartment of this muscle seems to be well designed for sustained, low-intensity muscle activity during routine swimming.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Luis L Rivero
- Laboratory of Muscular Biopathology, Department of Comparative Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
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Eshima H, Tamura Y, Kakehi S, Kurebayashi N, Murayama T, Nakamura K, Kakigi R, Okada T, Sakurai T, Kawamori R, Watada H. Long-term, but not short-term high-fat diet induces fiber composition changes and impaired contractile force in mouse fast-twitch skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/7/e13250. [PMID: 28408640 PMCID: PMC5392533 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of a short-term and long-term high-fat diet (HFD) on morphological and functional features of fast-twitch skeletal muscle. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD (60% fat) for 4 weeks (4-week HFD) or 12 weeks (12-week HFD). Subsequently, the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscle was isolated, and the composition of muscle fiber type, expression levels of proteins involved in muscle contraction, and force production on electrical stimulation were analyzed. The 12-week HFD, but not the 4-week HFD, resulted in a decreased muscle tetanic force on 100 Hz stimulation compared with control (5.1 ± 1.4 N/g in the 12-week HFD vs. 7.5 ± 1.7 N/g in the control group; P < 0.05), whereas muscle weight and cross-sectional area were not altered after both HFD protocols. Morphological analysis indicated that the percentage of type IIx myosin heavy chain fibers, mitochondrial oxidative enzyme activity, and intramyocellular lipid levels increased in the 12-week HFD group, but not in the 4-week HFD group, compared with controls (P < 0.05). No changes in the expression levels of calcium handling-related proteins and myofibrillar proteins (myosin heavy chain and actin) were detected in the HFD models, whereas fast-troponin T-protein expression was decreased in the 12-week HFD group, but not in the 4-week HFD group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that a long-term HFD, but not a short-term HFD, impairs contractile force in fast-twitch muscle fibers. Given that skeletal muscle strength largely depends on muscle fiber type, the impaired muscle contractile force by a HFD might result from morphological changes of fiber type composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Eshima
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Tamura
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan .,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori Kakehi
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nagomi Kurebayashi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Murayama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nakamura
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Kakigi
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Okada
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakurai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Kawamori
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Molecular Diabetology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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