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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Liu F, Mao Y, Zhang Y, Zeng H, Ren S, Guo L, Chen Z, Hrabchenko N, Wu J, Yu J. Mechanisms and applications of probiotics in prevention and treatment of swine diseases. Porcine Health Manag 2023; 9:5. [PMID: 36740713 PMCID: PMC9901120 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-022-00295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics can improve animal health by regulating intestinal flora balance, improving the structure of the intestinal mucosa, and enhancing intestinal barrier function. At present, the use of probiotics has been a research hotspot in prevention and treatment of different diseases at home and abroad. This review has summarized the researchers and applications of probiotics in prevention and treatment of swine diseases, and elaborated the relevant mechanisms of probiotics, which aims to provide a reference for probiotics better applications to the prevention and treatment of swine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China ,grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Fei Liu
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Yanwei Mao
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Hao Zeng
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Sufang Ren
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Lihui Guo
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Zhi Chen
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Nataliia Hrabchenko
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China ,grid.440622.60000 0000 9482 4676College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 Shandong China ,grid.410585.d0000 0001 0495 1805School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Jiang Yu
- grid.452757.60000 0004 0644 6150Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100 China
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Liu Y, Jia X, Chang J, Jiang X, Che L, Lin Y, Zhuo Y, Feng B, Fang Z, Li J, Hua L, Wang J, Ren Z, Sun M, Wu D, Xu S. Effect of yeast culture supplementation in sows during late gestation and lactation on growth performance, antioxidant properties, and intestinal microorganisms of offspring weaned piglets. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1105888. [PMID: 36713176 PMCID: PMC9880171 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1105888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The effects of maternal addition of yeast cultures on offspring gut development and intestinal microorganisms are not yet known, so the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal addition of yeast cultures to the diet of sows during late gestation and lactation on growth performance, antioxidant properties and intestinal microorganisms of offspring weaned piglets. Methods 40 Landrace × Yorkshire sows (3-7 of parity) with similar backfat were randomly divided into two treatment groups: control diet (CON) and control diet +2.0 g/kg yeast culture (XPC), and the trial started on day 90 of gestation and ended on day 21 of lactation. Results The results showed that maternal addition of yeast culture significantly increased weaned piglet weight and mean daily gain (p < 0.05), with a tendency to increase litter weight gain (p = 0.083) and liver weight (p = 0.076) compared to the control group. The content of thymus malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) and the content of colon total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the offspring weaned piglets of the XPC group compared to the control group. The expression of thymus SOD1 and SOD2, spleen SOD1, jejunum SOD2, and colon GPX1, SOD1, and SOD2 were significantly downregulated in the XPC group of offspring weaned piglets compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The intestinal morphology and the content of short-chain fatty acids in colonic chyme did not differ between the two groups (p > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the XPC group significantly increased the relative abundance of colonic chyme Bacteroidetes (p < 0.05), tended to decrease the relative abundance of Lactobacillus (p = 0.078), and tended to increase the relative abundance of Alloprevotella (p = 0.055). The XPC group significantly upregulated Blautia and Fournierella (p < 0.05) and significantly downregulated Candidatus_Competibacter, Nitrospira, Dechloromonas, Haliangium, and Oscillospira (p < 0.05). Discussion In conclusion, maternal addition of yeast cultures improved the growth performance of offspring weaned piglets and changed the intestinal microbial community, but did not improve their antioxidant performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalei Liu
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinlin Jia
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junlei Chang
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Li
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lun Hua
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Hazard and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengmeng Sun
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - De Wu
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Shengyu Xu, ✉
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Liu Y, Jia X, Chang J, Pan X, Jiang X, Che L, Lin Y, Zhuo Y, Feng B, Fang Z, Li J, Hua L, Wang J, Sun M, Wu D, Xu S. Yeast culture supplementation of sow diets regulates the immune performance of their weaned piglets under lipopolysaccharide stress. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad226. [PMID: 37394233 PMCID: PMC10358228 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of sows with yeast cultures (XPC) during late gestation and lactation on the immune performance of their weaned offspring under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stress. A total of 40 Landrace × Yorkshire sows (parity 3 to 7) with similar backfat thickness were selected and randomly divided into two treatment groups: a control group (basal diet) and a yeast culture group (basal diet + 2.0 g/kg XPC). The trial was conducted from day 90 of gestation to day 21 of lactation. At the end of the experiment, 12 piglets with similar weights were selected from each group and slaughtered 4 h after intraperitoneal injection with either saline or LPS. The results showed that the concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the thymus and tumor necrosis factor-α in the liver increased significantly (P < 0.05) in weaned piglets after LPS injection. Maternal dietary supplementation with XPC significantly reduced the concentration of inflammatory factors in the plasma and thymus of weaned piglets (P < 0.05). LPS injection significantly upregulated the expression of some tissue inflammation-related genes, significantly downregulated the expression of intestinal tight junction-related genes, and significantly elevated the protein expression of liver phospho-nuclear factor kappa B (p-NF-κB), the phospho-inhibitory subunit of NF-κB (p-IκBα), phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), and the inhibitory subunit of NF-κB (IκBα) in weaned piglets (P < 0.05). Maternal dietary supplementation with XPC significantly downregulated the gene expression of IL-6 and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the thymus and decreased the protein expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in the liver of weaned piglets (P < 0.05). In summary, injection of LPS induced an inflammatory response in weaned piglets and destroyed the intestinal barrier. Maternal dietary supplementation of XPC improved the immune performance of weaned piglets by inhibiting inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalei Liu
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xinlin Jia
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Junlei Chang
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xunjing Pan
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yan Lin
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Lun Hua
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Sun
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xin Kang Road, Yucheng District, Ya’an 625014, P.R. China
| | - De Wu
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, P. R. China
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Wang W, Wang Z, Ming D, Huang C, Xu S, Li Z, Wang Z, Liu H, Zeng X, Wang F. Effect of maternal dietary starch-to-fat ratio and daily energy intake during late pregnancy on the performance and lipid metabolism of primiparous sows and newborn piglets. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6562286. [PMID: 35363312 PMCID: PMC9030130 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of maternal dietary energy intake and starch-to-fat ratio during late gestation on the performance and lipid metabolism of sows and their offspring. On day 84 of gestation, 80 Landrace × Yorkshire primiparous sows were assigned to 2 × 2 factorial arrangements according to body weight following a randomized complete block design. The factors were daily energy intake (8,375 kcal ME/d [CE] vs. 9,600 kcal ME/d [HE]) and dietary starch-to-fat ratio (10:1 [CR] vs. 15:1 [HR]). All sows were fed one of four diets from day 85 of gestation until farrowing. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure in SPSS. High energy intake increased the body weight of sows on day 110 of gestation (P = 0.031) as well as the weight of piglets at birth (P = 0.018). Increased energy intake elevated the plasma triglyceride concentrations in sows (P = 0.027) and piglets (P = 0.044). Maternal high energy intake altered the liver metabolome of newborn piglets in terms of metabolites related to carbohydrate and linoleic acid metabolism. Moreover, maternal high energy intake increased hepatic total cholesterol (P = 0.023) and triglyceride (P = 0.026) concentration in newborn piglets. Furthermore, maternal high energy intake significantly increased the transcript abundance of fatty acid synthase (FAS; P = 0.001) and protein abundance of phosphorylated protein kinase B (P =0.001) in the liver of newborn piglets. A high starch-to-fat ratio reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration in the plasma of sows (P = 0.044) and newborn piglets (P = 0.048) as well as in the liver of newborn piglets (P = 0.015). Furthermore, maternal high starch-to-fat ratio increased the transcript abundances of FAS (P = 0.004) in newborn piglets. In conclusion, high daily energy intake of sows increased the birth weight of newborn piglets. Moreover, maternal high daily energy intake and high dietary starch-to-fat ratio improved the lipid metabolism of newborn piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongxu Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Caiyun Huang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Song Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fenglai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Naidu SJ, Arangasamy A, Selvaraju S, Binsila BK, Reddy IJ, Ravindra JP, Bhatta R. Maternal influence on the skewing of offspring sex ratio: a review. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/an21086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hansen LL, Stewart V, Mandell IB, Huber LA. Precision feeding gestating sows: effects on offspring growth performance and carcass and loin quality at slaughter. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab227. [PMID: 34988381 PMCID: PMC8711752 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 601 pigs from 65 litters were used to determine the effects of closely meeting estimated daily Lys and energy requirements for sows during gestation for three consecutive parities on offspring postweaning growth performance and carcass and loin quality at slaughter. Sows were assigned a control (static diet composition; CON) or precision (individual daily blend of two diets to meet estimated Lys and energy requirements; PRE) feeding program between days 7 and 110 of gestation for three consecutive pregnancy cycles, starting with primiparous sows (parity 1: 12 CON and 12 PRE sows; parity 2: 8 CON and 13 PRE sows; parity 3: 8 CON and 12 PRE sows). At weaning (20 ± 2 d of age), up to 10 pigs per litter were randomly selected and placed in a pen (1 litter per pen). All pens received ad libitum access to commercial diets in six phases (four-phase nursery, grower, and finisher, respectively). Four pigs per pen were slaughtered at ~125 kg BW for evaluation of carcass characteristics and loin quality. The ADG and ADFI of offspring were not influenced by maternal feeding program in any parity during nursery phases I through III. During nursery phase IV, ADG and ADFI were greater for litters from PRE- vs. CON-fed sows (0.70 vs. 0.66 ± 0.03 and 1.15 vs. 1.08 ± 0.06 kg/d for ADG and ADFI, respectively; P < 0.05). The BW for litters from PRE- vs. CON-fed sows tended to be greater by day 66 of age (end of nursery period; 29.7 vs. 28.7 ± 1.1 kg; P = 0.076). Within the grower phase, litters from PRE-fed sows had a greater ADG in parity 2 but lower ADG in parity 3 vs. litters from CON-fed sows (0.99 vs. 0.94 and 0.93 vs. 1.01 ± 0.03 kg/d for parities 2 and 3, respectively; P < 0.05). No differences were observed for ADG or ADFI in the finisher phase or G:F in any phase for any parity. Loin eye area was smaller (52.2 vs. 55.0 ± 1.8 cm2; P < 0.05) for offspring from PRE- vs. CON-fed sows. In parity 2, carcass lean yield tended to be less for offspring from PRE- vs. CON-fed sows (58.6 vs. 59.6 ± 0.4%; P = 0.051). Minimal differences were observed for subjective and objective evaluations of loin quality. Closely meeting the estimated daily energy and Lys requirements for sows throughout gestation for three consecutive pregnancy cycles improved offspring growth performance (ADG and ADFI) in the final nursery stage, but generally did not affect growth performance in grower/finisher periods or carcass and loin quality at ~125 kg BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L Hansen
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1Canada
| | - Victoria Stewart
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1Canada
| | - Ira B Mandell
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1Canada
| | - Lee-Anne Huber
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1Canada
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Wang D, Wu X, Lu D, Li Y, Zhang P. The Melatonin and Enriched Environment Ameliorated Low Protein-Induced Intrauterine Growth Retardation by IGF-1 And mtor Signaling Pathway and Autophagy Inhibition in Rats. Curr Mol Med 2021; 21:246-256. [PMID: 32713334 DOI: 10.2174/1566524020666200726221735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CDATA[Aim: The present study investigated whether melatonin (MEL) and enriched environment (EE) might protect against intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to 3 groups: control (C), model (M) and EE+MEL group. Animals were housed in an enriched environment (EE+MEL group) or remained in a standard environment (C group, M group). IUGR rat model was built by feeding a low protein diet during pregnancy. MEL was administered by gavaging. At day 1 post-birth, the baseline characteristics and serum biochemical parameters, morphology of liver and small intestine, enzyme activities, and mRNA expression levels of fetal rats were determined. The autophagy marker LC3 and Beclin1 were determined by western blot analysis. RESULTS EE+MEL markedly improved the baseline characteristics, hepatic and intestinal morphology of IUGR fetuses. In addition, the lactase activities in the fetal intestine were markedly increased by the EE+MEL. The levels of serum somatostatin (SST), Growth hormone (GH), GH releasing hormone (GHRH), Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1), triiodothyronine (T3), and tetraiodothyronine (T4) were found to be recovered by EE+MEL. In addition, the EE+MEL significantly ameliorated the mRNA expression of SST, GHRH, and GHRH receptor (GHRHR), GH, GHR, IGF-1, and IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R), IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP1), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) in fetuses. In IUGR fetal livers, LC3 and Beclin1 were found to be increased at birth, while LC3 and Beclin1 were observed to be significantly decreased in the EE+MEL group. CONCLUSION EE+MEL could improve fetal rats' baseline characteristics, serum biochemical parameters, birth weight, intestinal and hepatic morphology and enzyme activities. These effects could be explained by the activation of the IGF-1/IGFBP1 and IGF-1/mTOR/S6K1/4EBP1 signaling pathway and autophagy inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- College of Human Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, 36 Jinqiansong East Road Sujiatun District, Shenyang, 110102, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of basic medical, HE's University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110163, China
| | - Dan Lu
- College of clinical, HE's University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110163, China
| | - Yan Li
- Experimental Teaching Center of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang , Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of basic medical, HE's University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110163, China
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Fu R, Liang C, Chen D, Yan H, Tian G, Zheng P, He J, Yu J, Mao X, Huang Z, Luo Y, Luo J, Yu B. Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:898-907. [PMID: 33715204 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four diets for 28 days. The treatments were basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, AT), probiotics (400 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans ≥5 × 109 CFU/g, BC) or yeast hydrolysate (5000 mg/kg yeast hydrolysate, YH). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by AT and YH diets (p < 0.05), while BC diet only increased ADG (p < 0.05). The complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in serum were increased in BC diet (p < 0.05). Feeding AT and YH caused the increase of jejunal villus height (p < 0.05), and a higher ratio of villus height/crypt depth was observed in AT, BC and YH groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa was up-regulated by AT, BC and YH diets (p < 0.05). Dietary AT, BC or YH inclusion decreased the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentration and TNF-α mRNA expression (p < 0.05), and YH supplementation even down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressions (p < 0.05). In summary, the dietary administration of BC or YH both improves growth performance through promoting the intestinal barrier function, indicating both of them can serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters for the piglet production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqi Fu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chan Liang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Mou D, Ding D, Yang M, Jiang X, Zhao L, Che L, Fang Z, Xu S, Lin Y, Zhuo Y, Li J, Huang C, Zou Y, Li L, Wu D, Feng B. Maternal organic selenium supplementation during gestation improves the antioxidant capacity and reduces the inflammation level in the intestine of offspring through the NF-κB and ERK/Beclin-1 pathways. Food Funct 2020; 12:315-327. [PMID: 33300903 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02274h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is postulated to protect against inflammation in the gut by attenuating oxidative stress. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of maternal 2-hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid (HMSeBA), an organic Se source, on the intestinal antioxidant capacity and inflammation level of the offspring and its possible mechanism. Forty-three sows were randomly assigned to receive one of the following three diets during gestation: control diet, sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) supplemented diet or HMSeBA supplemented diet, respectively. Samples were collected from the offspring at birth and weaning. The results showed that maternal HMSeBA supplementation significantly upregulated ileal GPX2 and SePP1 gene expression compared with the control and Na2SeO3 groups, while suppressed the expression of ileal IL-1β, IL-6 and NF-κB genes in newborn piglets compared with the control group. Moreover, maternal HMSeBA supplementation significantly increased the protein of ileal GPX2 and p-mTOR compared with the control and Na2SeO3 groups, but decreased the ileal p-NF-κB, Beclin-1 and p-ERK proteins in newborn piglets compared with the control group. The weaned piglets of the HMSeBA group had lower serum IL-1β and IL-6 than the piglets of the control group at 2 h of LPS challenge. In addition, after the LPS challenge, the HMSeBA group had a lower relative abundance of ileal p-NF-κB and Beclin-1 proteins than the control and Na2SeO3 groups. In conclusion, maternal HMSeBA supplementation during gestation can improve the offspring's intestinal antioxidant capacity and reduce the inflammation level by suppressing NF-κB and ERK/Beclin-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daolin Mou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Dajiang Ding
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Min Yang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China and Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lianpeng Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jian Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Chao Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lixia Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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Dai X, Guo Z, Chen D, Li L, Song X, Liu T, Jin G, Li Y, Liu Y, Ajiguli A, Yang C, Wang B, Cao H. Maternal sucralose intake alters gut microbiota of offspring and exacerbates hepatic steatosis in adulthood. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:1043-1063. [PMID: 32228300 PMCID: PMC7524393 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1738187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be associated with diet and gut dysbiosis. Excessive sucralose can induce gut dysbiosis and negatively affect host health. Maternal diet shapes the microbial communities of neonate and this effect continues in later life. We aimed to investigate the effects of maternal sucralose (MS) intake on the susceptibility of offspring to hepatic steatosis in adulthood. METHODS C57BL/6 pregnant mice were randomized into MS group (MS during gestation and lactation) and maternal control (MC) group (MC diet). After weaning, all offspring were fed a control diet until 8 weeks of age, and then treated with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks. The intestinal development, mucosal barrier function, and gut microbiota were assessed in the 3-week-old offspring. Moreover, the severity of hepatic steatosis, serum biochemistry, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota was then assessed in the 12th week. RESULTS MS significantly inhibited intestinal development and disrupted barrier function in 3-week-old offspring. MS also induced intestinal low-grade inflammation, significantly changed the compositions and diversity of gut microbiota including reducing butyrate-producing bacteria and cecal butyrate production with down-regulation of GPR43. Mechanically, blocking GPR43 blunted the anti-inflammatory effect of one of the butyrate-producing bacteria, Clostridium butyricum in vitro. After HFD treatment, MS exacerbated hepatic steatosis, and disturbed fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism, accompanied by inducing gut dysbiosis compared with MC group. CONCLUSIONS MS intake inhibits intestinal development, induces gut dysbiosis in offspring through down-regulation of GPR43, and exacerbates HFD-induced hepatic steatosis in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zixuan Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Danfeng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueli Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hotan District People’s Hospital, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, China
| | - Aihemaiti Ajiguli
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hotan District People’s Hospital, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine,Tianjin
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,CONTACT Bangmao Wang Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGeneral Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, China, Tianjin , 300052
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hotan District People’s Hospital, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, China,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine,Tianjin,Hailong Cao Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin300052, China
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11
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Guo H, He J, Yang X, Zheng W, Yao W. Responses of intestinal morphology and function in offspring to heat stress in primiparous sows during late gestation. J Therm Biol 2020; 89:102539. [PMID: 32364966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Late gestation is a key period for intestinal development. Maternal heat exposure may induce intestinal dysfunction of offspring. To investigate the responses of intestinal morphology and function of offspring to the maternal heat stress (HS), twelve first-parity Landrace × Large White sows were assigned to thermoneutral (TN) (18-22 °C; n = 6) or HS (28-32 °C; n = 6) treatment groups at 85 d of gestation until natural farrowing. Twenty-four newborn piglets (two piglets at medium body weight from each litter) were randomly selected and divided into in utero thermoneutral (IUTN, n = 12) and heat-stressed (IUHS, n = 12) groups according to the sow's treatment. Blood and intestinal samples were harvested to evaluate stress hormone levels, intestinal morphology, integrity and barrier function in the newborn piglets. Our results showed that maternal HS piglets exhibited increased serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentration compared with that observed in the IUTN group. IUHS piglets showed lower lactase activities in the jejunum and ileum, whereas no significant differences were found between the two groups in the length of intestine, villus length or crypt depth. Serum diamine oxidase (DAO) activity was increased in IUHS piglets. IUHS piglets also exhibited decreased ZO-1, ZO-2 and MUC2 mRNA expression in the jejunum, while the protein levels were not affected. Additionally, IUHS piglets had a lower apoptotic percentage and FAS mRNA expression in the jejunum than those in the IUTN group. Taken together, these results demonstrate that high ambient temperature during late gestation of primiparous sows causes stress response in neonatal piglets, compromising intestinal permeability and mucosal barrier function, which may be partly mediated by inducing intestinal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiduo Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Jianwen He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Weijiang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
| | - Wen Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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12
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Effects of Dietary Taurine Supplementation to Gilts during Late Gestation and Lactation on Offspring Growth and Oxidative Stress. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9050220. [PMID: 31064160 PMCID: PMC6562957 DOI: 10.3390/ani9050220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Previous studies showed that gilts had elevated oxidative stress during late gestation and lactation, and could affect offspring growth. Taurine (Tau) is an important regulator of oxidative stress and possesses growth-enhancing properties. Our results suggested that taurine supplementation during late gestation and lactation of gilts increased growth performance in piglets through improved milk quality of gilts and intestinal morphology and barrier function of offspring. Abstract Birth is one of the most important events of animal production agriculture, as newborns are abruptly forced to adapt to environmental and nutritional disruptions that can lead to oxidative damage and delay in growth. Taurine (Tau) is an important regulator of oxidative stress and possesses growth-enhancing properties. In the present study, we investigated the effects of dietary Tau supplementation in gilts during late gestation and lactation on the growth performance of piglets by assessing intestinal morphology and barrier function, and oxidative stress status. Sixteen gilts were randomly allocated to the Con (basal diet) and Tau (basal diet with 1% Tau) groups from 75 d of gestation to weaning. Maternal dietary Tau supplementation significantly increased weaning weight and average daily gain weight in piglets. Piglets in the Tau group had higher villus height and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (VCR), ZO-1 protein expression, and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) content in the jejunum. Meanwhile, Tau bebeficial affected the milk quality of gilts, as indicated by decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and increased total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), total antioxidative capability (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) activity. Furthermore, Tau supplementation increased T-SOD activity in plasma and SOD2 protein expression in the jejunum in the piglets. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that dietary Tau supplementation to gilts improves growth performance in piglets, owing to improved intestinal morphology and barrier function, as well as inhibition of oxidative stress.
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Effects of Fat Supplementation during Gestation on Reproductive Performance, Milk Composition of Sows and Intestinal Development of their Offspring. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9040125. [PMID: 30925813 PMCID: PMC6523317 DOI: 10.3390/ani9040125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Various fats are used in swine diets as sources of energy and essential fatty acids. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of fat supplementation during gestation on reproductive performance, milk composition of sows and intestinal development of their offspring. Fifty sows were randomly allocated into two groups receiving the control (CON) and high-fat diets (HF diet) during gestation. After farrowing, all sows received the same lactation diet and were fed ad libitum until weaning at day 20 of lactation. The results showed that being fed the HF diet did not markedly improve the performance of sows and their offspring. However, the HF diet increased (p < 0.05) the colostrum contents of protein and no-fat solids, and the plasma concentration of prolactin at farrowing. Moreover, piglets born of sows fed the HF diet had higher (p < 0.05) jejunal villous height, as well as deeper (p < 0.05) jejunal and colonic crypt depths compared with piglets born of sows fed the CON diet. In addition, piglets born of sows fed the HF diet had markedly increased (p < 0.05) mRNA abundances of innate immunity-related genes on toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in ileum compared with piglets born of sows fed the CON diet. These findings indicated that dietary fat supplementation during gestation did not markedly improve the performance of sows and their offspring, but improved colostrum quality and concentration of prolactin on the day of farrowing, associated with modifications of intestinal morphology and innate immunity of their offspring.
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Xie R, Sun Y, Wu J, Huang S, Jin G, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Liu T, Liu X, Cao X, Wang B, Cao H. Maternal High Fat Diet Alters Gut Microbiota of Offspring and Exacerbates DSS-Induced Colitis in Adulthood. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2608. [PMID: 30483266 PMCID: PMC6243010 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence shows that high fat diet is closely associated with inflammatory bowel disease. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of maternal high fat diet (MHFD) on the susceptibility of offspring to colitis in adulthood lacks confirmation. Methods: C57BL/6 pregnant mice were given either a high fat (60 E% fat, MHFD group) or control diet [10 E% fat, maternal control diet (MCD) group] during gestation and lactation. The intestinal development, mucosal barrier function, microbiota, and mucosal inflammation of 3-week old offspring were assessed. After weaning all mice were fed a control diet until 8 weeks of age when the microbiota was analyzed. Offspring were also treated with 2% DSS solution for 5 days and the severity of colitis was assessed. Results: The offspring in MHFD group were significantly heavier than those in MCD group only at 2–4 weeks of age, while no differences were found in the body weight between two groups at other measured time points. Compared with MCD group, MHFD significantly inhibited intestinal development and disrupted barrier function in 3-week old offspring. Although H&E staining showed no obvious microscopic inflammation in both groups of 3-week old offspring, increased production of inflammatory cytokines indicated low-grade inflammation was induced in MHFD group. Moreover, fecal analysis of the 3-week old offspring indicated that the microbiota compositions and diversity were significantly changed in MHFD group. Interestingly after 5 weeks consumption of control diet in both groups, the microbiota composition of offspring in MHFD group was still different from that in MCD group, although the bacterial diversity was partly recovered at 8 weeks of age. Finally, after DSS treatment in 8-week old offspring, MHFD significantly exacerbated the severity of colitis and increased the production of proinflammatory cytokine. Conclusions: Our data reveal that MHFD in early life can inhibit intestinal development, induce dysbiosis and low-grade inflammation and lead to the disruption of intestinal mucosal barrier in offspring, and enhance DSS-induced colitis in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxiang Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shumin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zixuan Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaocang Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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