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Zhao ZF, Li BY, He Q, Hao JY, Zhang KS, Zhang B, Hu W, Feng HT, Szeto IMY, Chen YM, Zhang GX, Tang XY. Impact of dairy supplementation on bone acquisition in children's limbs: a 12-month cluster-randomized controlled trial and meta-analysis. Arch Osteoporos 2024; 19:65. [PMID: 39043915 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-024-01422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The impact of milk on bone health in rural preschoolers is under-researched. This study, through a clinical trial and a meta-analysis, finds that milk supplementation enhances forearm and calcaneus bone acquisition in children, supporting the benefits of daily milk consumption. PURPOSE This study evaluated the impact of dairy supplementation on bone acquisition in children's limbs through a cluster-randomized controlled trial and a meta-analysis. METHODS The trial involved 315 children (4-6 year) from Northwest China, randomized to receive either 390 ml of milk daily (n = 215) or 20-30 g of bread (n = 100) over 12 months. We primarily assessed bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) changes at the limbs, alongside bone-related biomarkers, measured at baseline, the 6th and 12th months. The meta-analysis aggregated BMD or BMC changes in the forearm/legs/calcaneus from published randomized trials involving children aged 3-18 years supplemented with dairy foods (vs. control group). RESULTS Of 278 completed the trial, intention-to-treat analysis revealed significant increases in BMD (4.05% and 7.31%) and BMC (4.69% and 7.34%) in the left forearm at the 6th and 12th months in the milk group compared to controls (P < 0.001). The calcaneus showed notable improvements in BMD (2.01%) and BMC (1.87%) at 6 months but not at 12 months. Additionally, milk supplementation was associated with beneficial changes in bone resorption markers, parathyroid hormone (- 12.70%), insulin-like growth factor 1 (6.69%), and the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio (2.22%) (all P < 0.05). The meta-analysis, encompassing 894 children, indicated that dairy supplementation significantly increased BMD (SMD, 0.629; 95%CI: 0.275, 0.983) and BMC (SMD, 0.616; 95%CI: 0.380, 0.851) (P < 0.05) in the arms, but not in the legs (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Milk supplementation significantly improves bone health in children's forearms, underscoring its potential as a strategic dietary intervention for bone development. Trial registration NCT05074836.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Fu Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Bang-Yan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin He
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jing-Yu Hao
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Kai-Shuai Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Tian Feng
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Ignatius Man-Yau Szeto
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ge-Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Xin-Yi Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Rios-Escalante C, Albán-Fernández S, Espinoza-Rojas R, Saavedra-Garcia L, Barengo NC, Guerra Valencia J. Diagnostic Performance of the Measurement of Skinfold Thickness for Abdominal and Overall Obesity in the Peruvian Population: A 5-Year Cohort Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7089. [PMID: 38063518 PMCID: PMC10706145 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20237089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of overall and abdominal obesity, particularly affecting Latin America, underscores the urgent need for accessible and cost-effective predictive methods to address the growing disease burden. This study assessed skinfold thicknesses' predictive capacity for overall and abdominal obesity in Peruvian adults aged 30 or older over 5 years. Data from the PERU MIGRANT 5-year cohort study were analyzed, defining obesity using BMI and waist circumference. Receiver operating characteristic curves and area under the curve (AUC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Adults aged ≥ 30 (n = 988) completed the study at baseline, with 47% male. A total of 682 participants were included for overall and abdominal obesity analysis. The 5-year prevalence values for overall and abdominal obesity were 26.7% and 26.6%, respectively. Subscapular skinfold (SS) best predicted overall obesity in men (AUC = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.75-0.88) and women (AUC = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67-0.88). Regarding abdominal obesity, SS exhibited the highest AUC in men (AUC = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.77-0.89), while SS and the sum of trunk skinfolds showed the highest AUC in women. In secondary analysis excluding participants with type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) at baseline, SS significantly predicted DM2 development in men (AUC = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.58-0.83) and bicipital skinfold (BS) did in women (AUC = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.62-0.84). The findings highlight SS significance as an indicator of overall and abdominal obesity in both sexes among Peruvian adults. Additionally, SS, and BS offer robust predictive indicators for DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Rios-Escalante
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 15067, Peru; (C.R.-E.); (S.A.-F.)
| | - Silvia Albán-Fernández
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 15067, Peru; (C.R.-E.); (S.A.-F.)
| | - Rubén Espinoza-Rojas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomédicas (INICIB), Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima 15039, Peru;
| | - Lorena Saavedra-Garcia
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima 15024, Peru;
| | - Noël C. Barengo
- Department of Medical Education, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
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Equations based on anthropometric measurements for adipose tissue, body fat, or body density prediction in children and adolescents: a scoping review. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2321-2338. [PMID: 35699918 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Assessing the body composition of children and adolescents is important to monitor their health status. Anthropometric measurements are feasible and less-expensive than other techniques for body composition assessment. This study aimed to systematically map anthropometric equations to predict adipose tissue, body fat, or density in children and adolescents, and to analyze methodological aspects of the development of anthropometric equations using skinfolds. METHODS A scoping review was carried out following the PRISMA-ScR criteria. The search was carried out in eight databases. The methodological structure protocol of this scoping review was retrospectively registered in the Open Science Framework ( https://osf.io/35uhc/ ). RESULTS We included 78 reports and 593 anthropometric equations. The samples consisted of healthy individuals, people with different diseases or disabilities, and athletes from different sports. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was the reference method most commonly used in developing equations. Triceps and subscapular skinfolds were the anthropometric measurements most frequently used as predictors in the equations. Age, stage of sexual maturation, and peak height velocity were used as complementary variables in the equations. CONCLUSION Our scoping review identified equations proposed for children and adolescents with a great diversity of characteristics. In many of the reports, important methodological aspects were not addressed, a factor that may be associated with equation bias. LEVEL IV Evidence obtained from multiple time series analysis such as case studies. (NB: dramatic results in uncontrolled trials might also be regarded as this type of evidence).
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Effect of baseline physical activity on the fat gain of adolescents in a 5-year cohort study in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:948-954. [PMID: 34622754 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521004098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Differences in physical activity (PA) might lead to long-term weight control. Studies on inverse relations between PA and changes in fatness among adolescents are limited. This paper examined the effect of PA on adolescents' changing body fatness over 5 years in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). Two hundred thirty-five boys and 247 girls who have had skinfold thickness measurements in the baseline survey in 2004 were selected to follow yearly. We estimated PA as the average number of accelerometers' counts/h. Slopes of triceps, sub-scapular skinfolds and BMI were calculated and classified as increasing or stable/decreasing. To assess the effects of the low level of activity (i.e. below the median of the average number of counts) on the fat gain (i.e. increasing slopes), relative risk and 95 % CI were estimated using Poisson regression. The average number of counts/h in boys (7·8) was significantly higher than that in girls (5·0) (P < 0·001). On average, active girls still gained 0·51 mm in triceps skinfold (TSF) over 5 years, while active boys lost 0·12 mm. After controlling for baseline energy intake, baseline triceps and baseline age, inactive adolescents were 1·39 times higher than active ones to increase the slope of triceps (95 % CI 1·19, 1·63). The risk ratio was 1·62 for those with more body fat at baseline. In general, inactive students gained substantially more subcutaneous fat, especially in their TSF, than more active ones. Thus, strategies to prevent adolescent obesity in HCMC should consider the important role of PA to control this problem in adolescents effectively.
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Gonçalves ECDA, Alves Junior CAS, da Silva VS, Pelegrini A, Silva DAS. Anthropometric indicators of body fat as discriminators of low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 62:43-50. [PMID: 34974266 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the discriminatory power of anthropometric indicators of body fat (BF) for identifying low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, as well as the association between cutoff points and low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents. DESIGN AND METHODS This is a cross-sectional study involving 1132 students (age 14-19 years). The following anthropometric variables were measured according to international standards: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), triceps skinfold thickness (TR), subscapular skinfold (SS), suprailiac skinfold (SI), sum of triceps and subscapular skinfolds (∑TR + SS), and sum of triceps, subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds (∑TR + SS + SI). The BF percentage was calculated using the equations of Lohman (1986) (%FL), Slaughter et al. (1988) (%FS), and Boileau et al. (1985) (%FB). RESULTS Except for TR, WC, WHtR and BMI, boys with values for the other anthropometric indicators (SS, SI, ∑TR + SS, ∑TR + SS + SI, %FL, %FS, %FB) above the cutoff point were more likely to have low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness. Girls with values for TR, ∑TR + SS, %FB and %FL above the cutoff points were more likely to have low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness. CONCLUSIONS Anthropometric indicators had discriminatory power to identify low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The reported anthropometric indicators, indexes and equations can be used by healthcare professionals in clinical practice and by school teachers as a simple, fast and inexpensive alternative to identify low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness.
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Four-site skinfolds thickness percentiles of schoolchildren and adolescents in Turkey. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:5414-5425. [PMID: 34380581 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021003323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary purpose of the current study was to establish Turkish smoothed centile charts and Lambda, Mu, Sigma (LMS) tables for four-site skinfold thickness based on a population-based sample, and secondary purpose was to elaborate a reference for the percentage of body fat. DESIGN A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted between January and May 2017. Triceps, biceps and subscapular, suprailiac skinfold thicknesses were measured using Holtain skinfold caliper. Age- and gender-specific percentile values were determined with the LMS method, and body fat percentage was calculated using the Westrate and Deurenberg equation. SETTING Afyonkarahisar province in Turkey. PARTICIPANTS The current study was conducted on 4565, 6-18-year-old students. RESULTS The triceps, biceps and subscapular skinfolds of the girls were higher than the boys. From the age of seven, the sum of four skinfold thicknesses of the girls was more than those of the boys. This difference became more evident after the age of 12. Although fat percentages of girls showed a fluctuating change, it decreased with the age in boys. Westrate and Deurenberg equation fat percentages of girls until adolescence were lower than boys, but increased after 12 years of age and exceeded that of boys. CONCLUSIONS The current study has provided sex- and age-specific reference values for skinfold thickness and has shown that obesity in girls is higher than in boys in schoolchildren in Afyonkarahisar. The current study has also shown that skinfold thickness measurements are a valuable tool for screening obesity in children.
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Sukkriang N, Somrak K. Correlation Between Mini Nutritional Assessment and Anthropometric Measurements Among Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals in Rural Southern Thailand. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:1509-1520. [PMID: 34177268 PMCID: PMC8219300 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s315652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) can be applied to assess nutrition status among community-dwelling elderly individuals by health care professionals. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of MNA score and anthropometric measurements, gait speed, and handgrip strength among elderly community members. The secondary outcome was to compare the performance of the MNA-SF with the full MNA. Materials and Methods The study was a cross-sectional study with 176 elderly individuals aged ≥60 years living in rural southern Thailand. The MNA-SF and full MNA scores were obtained by using the standard form in the Thai version of the MNA. We collected anthropometric measurements, gait speed, handgrip strength, and MNA data. Results There was a significant positive correlation between body weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, mid-upper arm circumference, calf circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, handgrip strength and full MNA total score using the partial correlation coefficient after controlling for age and sex. The MNA-SF had sensitivity of 78.79%, specificity of 81.82%, PPV of 50%, NPV of 94.35%, LR+ of 4.33, LR- of 0.26, accuracy of 81.25% and AUC 0.901 when using the full MNA as a reference standard. Conclusion The MNA correlated with many anthropometric measurements. The MNA-SF had a high specificity, NPV and accuracy of more than 80% when compared with the full MNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naparat Sukkriang
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand.,Walailak University Hospital, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Kamlai Somrak
- Walailak University Hospital, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand.,School of Nursing, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
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Posod A, Pechlaner R, Yin X, Burnap SA, Kiechl SJ, Willeit J, Witztum JL, Mayr M, Kiechl S, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U. Apolipoprotein Profiles in Very Preterm and Term-Born Preschool Children. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e011199. [PMID: 30968745 PMCID: PMC6507182 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Little is known about plasma apolipoprotein profiles in very preterm‐born and term‐born preschool children compared with the adult population. This is of particular interest because apolipoprotein composition might contribute to cardiometabolic outcome in later life. Methods and Results Children aged 5 to 7 years born at term or with <32 weeks of gestation were included. Apolipoprotein concentrations were measured in plasma collected after an overnight fast using multiple‐reaction monitoring‐based mass spectrometry. Twelve apolipoproteins were measured in 26 former term and 38 former very preterm infants. Key findings were confirmed by assessing apolipoprotein levels using antibody‐based assays. Comparing children born term and preterm, apolipoprotein A‐I, A‐IV, C‐II, and C‐III were significantly higher in the latter group. Term‐born children showed plasma levels of apolipoprotein C‐II and C‐III quantitatively similar to the adult range (Bruneck study). Hierarchical clustering analyses suggested that a higher proportion of apolipoprotein C‐III and C‐II reside on high‐density lipoprotein particles in children than in adults given the marked correlations of apolipoprotein C‐III and C‐II with high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A‐I in children but not adults. High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were similar in children and adults but the pattern of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol–associated apolipoproteins was different (lower apolipoprotein A‐I and C‐I but higher A‐II, A‐IV, and M). Conclusions Our study defines apolipoprotein profiles in preschoolers and reports potential effects of prematurity. Further large‐scale studies are required to provide evidence whether this apolipoprotein signature of prematurity, including high apolipoprotein C‐II and C‐III levels, might translate into adverse cardiometabolic outcome in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Posod
- 1 Pediatrics II (Neonatology) Department of Pediatrics Medical University of Innsbruck Austria
| | | | - Xiaoke Yin
- 3 King's British Heart Foundation Centre King's College London London United Kingdom
| | - Sean Anthony Burnap
- 3 King's British Heart Foundation Centre King's College London London United Kingdom
| | | | - Johann Willeit
- 2 Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Austria
| | | | - Manuel Mayr
- 3 King's British Heart Foundation Centre King's College London London United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- 2 Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Austria
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Tang HK, Bowe SJ, Nguyen THHD, Dibley MJ. Triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness percentiles of a school-based sample of adolescents in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74:1483-1487. [PMID: 32249817 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Skinfold thickness is an indicator of body fat, allowing a more detailed description of obesity. In Vietnam, there are no published percentile values for triceps and subscapular skinfold measurements from population-based studies of adolescents. This study aims to establish percentile tables for triceps, subscapular, and triceps + subscapular skinfolds (TSF + SSSF) sum. We used data from a cross-sectional survey conducted in Ho Chi Minh City. BMI, triceps and subscapular skinfold measurements of 2660 students were obtained. The L (Box-Cox transformation), M (median), and S (coefficient of variation) parameters were used to generate exact percentiles. The proportion of overweight was higher in boys (18.4% vs. 8.2%, p < 0.0001). Triceps, subscapular skinfolds, and TSF + SSSF were significantly higher in girls than in boys (p < 0.001). Our results provide sex- and age-specific reference values for skinfold thickness that can be applied as a new complimentary assessment tool for Vietnamese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong K Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Steven J Bowe
- Deakin Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University Geelong, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Trang H H D Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Michael J Dibley
- The Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Nadhiroh SR, Djokosujono K, Utari DM. The association between secondhand smoke exposure and growth outcomes of children: A systematic literature review. Tob Induc Dis 2020; 18:12. [PMID: 32180689 PMCID: PMC7067234 DOI: 10.18332/tid/117958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The strong relation between maternal smoking and maternal secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and the growth of newborn infants has been proven. However, the effect of SHS on growth outcomes of older children is not well defined. Through a systematic literature review, we sought to determine whether a relationship exists between SHS exposure and growth outcomes of children up to 8 years of age. METHODS A systematic review was performed, including articles published between 2004–2019, related to SHS exposure (prenatal and postnatal) and children’s growth (weight, length/height, and head circumference). The relevant articles were identified from Science Direct, ProQuest, Sage Publication, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, CINAHL Plus with Full Text (via EBSCOhost) and Google search. RESULTS Seventeen articles were identified, of which three categories of growth measurements were extracted, comprising weight (weight, WAZ, WHZ, and BMI), height (height/length and HAZ) and head circumference. SHS exposure both pre or postnatally was inversely associated with weight (deficit in weight, risk of underweight, risk of wasting) and height (lower length and risk of stunting) and elevated BMI of children. Furthermore, prenatal SHS exposure was associated with a lower head circumference. CONCLUSIONS The current review identified that exposure to SHS may be associated with adverse growth outcomes in children. It is crucial that active smokers, specifically those who live with children or with a pregnant partner, are made aware of the potential effects of SHS exposure on non-smokers. Further assessment of the association between exposure to SHS and other growth outcomes in other age groups is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti R Nadhiroh
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | | | - Diah M Utari
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
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Physical and psychosocial development of Mapuche and nonindigenous Chilean toddlers: A modest role of ethnicity. Dev Psychopathol 2018; 30:1959-1976. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418001281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMapuche represents the largest indigenous group in Chile amounting to nearly 10% of the total population. In a longitudinal cohort of 12,398 children, we analyzed the role of ethnicity in physical and psychosocial development of Mapuche and nonindigenous Chilean toddlers (age 2.5 years), taking into account sociodemographic and caregiver characteristics. As indicated by our univariate analysis, the Mapuche developmental niche was characterized by lower income, lower maternal education, poorer quality of the home environment, longer breastfeeding, and higher parental stress. Physical development showed higher body mass index. Mapuche children showed less externalizing problems. We then analyzed the incremental contribution of ethnicity in a series of hierarchical regressions with the second wave of developmental measurements (age 4.5 years) as outcome variables, showing a significant but modest incremental contribution of ethnicity to the prediction of children's development between 2.5 and 4.5 years of age. Controlling for environmental variables, Mapuche showed less externalizing and internalizing, behavior problems. Socioeconomic status, quality of the home environment, and parenting stress were stronger predictors of socioemotional development than ethnicity per se.
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Riaz M, Shaikh F, Fawwad A, Hakeem R, Shera AS, Hitman GA, Bhowmik B, do Vale Moreira NC, Basit A, Hussain A. Maternal Nutrition during Early Pregnancy and Cardiometabolic Status of Neonates at Birth. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:7382946. [PMID: 29850608 PMCID: PMC5941780 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7382946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the impact of maternal body weight on maternal nutrition and micronutrient status in early pregnancy and potential impact on metabolic status in newborns. METHODOLOGY The EU FP7 project GIFTS was conducted from Jan 2012 to May 2014. Demographic details and anthropometric measurements of women in the first trimester of pregnancy were obtained. Blood samples were collected for OGTT, insulin, lipid profile, serum folate, ferritin, vitamin D, vitamin B12, and red cell folate. Newborn anthropometric characteristics were observed. Cord blood samples were collected after delivery for glucose, insulin, and lipid profile of newborns. RESULTS A total of 301 pregnant mothers, 108 overweight, 63 underweight, and 130 normal weight were included. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<30 ng/mL) and low vitamin B12 (<190 ng/l) were high, 44% and 42%, respectively, in the first trimester. Anemic women (due to B12 or iron deficiency) were 79%, while 72% had low ferritin levels. Gestational diabetes was 16%. Differences were observed between underweight and overweight mothers (P < 0.05) for fasting blood glucose, insulin levels, and serum ferritin were observed. No significant difference was observed between vitamin D, serum B12, and red cell folate levels. CONCLUSION Prevalence of multiple micronutrient deficiencies was common among Pakistani women during early pregnancy despite the nonvegetarian diet that has important implications for pregnancy care in Pakistan and potentially in expatriate communities living abroad. This trial is registered with ISRCTN number 83599025.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musarrat Riaz
- Department of Medicine, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fareeha Shaikh
- GIFTS Project, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asher Fawwad
- Department of Biochemistry, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Research, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rubina Hakeem
- Department of Research, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Education, Government of Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A. Samad Shera
- Diabetic Association of Pakistan, WHO Collaborating Centre, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Graham A. Hitman
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Bishwajit Bhowmik
- Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Global Health Research, Diabetes Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Abdul Basit
- Department of Medicine, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Hussain
- Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Global Health Research, Diabetes Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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13
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Garcia-Hermoso A, Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Mota J, Santos RM, Correa-Bautista JE, Ramírez-Vélez R. Adiposity as a full mediator of the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness and inflammation in schoolchildren: The FUPRECOL Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:525-533. [PMID: 28511902 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Studies in the paediatric population have shown inconsistent associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and inflammation independently of adiposity. The purpose of this study was (i) to analyse the combined association of cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and (ii) to determine whether adiposity acts as a mediator on the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and hs-CRP in children and adolescents. METHODS AND RESULTS This cross-sectional study included 935 (54.7% girls) healthy children and adolescents from Bogotá, Colombia. The 20 m shuttle run test was used to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness. We assessed the following adiposity parameters: body mass index, waist circumference, and fat mass index and the sum of subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness. High sensitivity assays were used to obtain hs-CRP. Linear regression models were fitted for mediation analyses examined whether the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and hs-CRP was mediated by each of adiposity parameters according to Baron and Kenny procedures. Lower levels of hs-CRP were associated with the best schoolchildren profiles (high cardiorespiratory fitness + low adiposity) (p for trend <0.001 in the four adiposity parameters), compared with unfit and overweight (low cardiorespiratory fitness + high adiposity) counterparts. Linear regression models suggest a full mediation of adiposity on the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and hs-CRP levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings seem to emphasize the importance of obesity prevention in childhood, suggesting that having high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness may not counteract the negative consequences ascribed to adiposity on hs-CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Garcia-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile.
| | - C Agostinis-Sobrinho
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - J Mota
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - R M Santos
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal; Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Education, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - J E Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - R Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
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14
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Forero-Bogotá MA, Ojeda-Pardo ML, García-Hermoso A, Correa-Bautista JE, González-Jiménez E, Schmidt-RíoValle J, Navarro-Pérez CF, Gracia-Marco L, Vlachopoulos D, Martínez-Torres J, Ramírez-Vélez R. Body Composition, Nutritional Profile and Muscular Fitness Affect Bone Health in a Sample of Schoolchildren from Colombia: The Fuprecol Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:E106. [PMID: 28165360 PMCID: PMC5331537 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to investigate the relationships between body composition, nutritional profile, muscular fitness (MF) and bone health in a sample of children and adolescents from Colombia. Participants included 1118 children and adolescents (54.6% girls). Calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (c-BUA) was obtained as a marker of bone health. Body composition (fat mass and lean mass) was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Furthermore height, weight, waist circumference and Tanner stage were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Standing long-jump (SLJ) and isometric handgrip dynamometry were used respectively as indicators of lower and upper body muscular fitness. A muscular index score was also computed by summing up the standardised values of both SLJ and handgrip strength. Dietary intake and degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet were assessed by a 7-day recall questionnaire for food frequency and the Kidmed questionnaire. Poor bone health was considered using a z-score cut off of ≤-1.5 standard deviation. Once the results were adjusted for age and Tanner stage, the predisposing factors of having a c-BUA z-score ≤-1.5 standard deviation included being underweight or obese, having an unhealthy lean mass, having an unhealthy fat mass, SLJ performance, handgrip performance, and unhealthy muscular index score. In conclusion, body composition (fat mass and lean body mass) and MF both influenced bone health in a sample of children and adolescents from Colombia. Thus promoting strength adaptation and preservation in Colombian youth will help to improve bone health, an important protective factor against osteoporosis in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Adriana Forero-Bogotá
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota DC 111221, Colombia.
| | - Mónica Liliana Ojeda-Pardo
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota DC 111221, Colombia.
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Región Metropolitana, Santiago 7500618, Chile.
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota DC 111221, Colombia.
| | - Emilio González-Jiménez
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Avda, De la Ilustración, s/n, (18016), Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
- Grupo CTS-436, Adscrito al Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Jacqueline Schmidt-RíoValle
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Avda, De la Ilustración, s/n, (18016), Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
- Grupo CTS-436, Adscrito al Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Carmen Flores Navarro-Pérez
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Avda, De la Ilustración, s/n, (18016), Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
- Grupo CTS-436, Adscrito al Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre (CHERC), Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.
- GENUD "Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development" Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
| | - Dimitris Vlachopoulos
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre (CHERC), Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.
| | - Javier Martínez-Torres
- Grupo GICAEDS, Facultad de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá DC 111221, Colombia.
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota DC 111221, Colombia.
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