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Lépine G, Huneau JF, Rémond D, Mathé V, David J, Hermier D, Guérin-Deremaux L, Lefranc-Millot C, Poupin N, Mariotti F, Polakof S, Fouillet H. Compared with Milk Protein, a Wheat and Pea Protein Blend Reduces High-Fat, High-Sucrose Induced Metabolic Dysregulations while Similarly Supporting Tissue Protein Anabolism in Rats. J Nutr 2023; 153:645-656. [PMID: 36931747 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant proteins (PPs) have been associated with better cardiovascular health than animal proteins (APs) in epidemiological studies. However, the underlying metabolic mechanisms remain mostly unknown. OBJECTIVES Using a combination of cutting-edge isotopic methods, we aimed to better characterize the differences in protein and energy metabolisms induced by dietary protein sources (PP compared with AP) in a prudent or western dietary context. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 44, 8 wk old) were fed for 4.5 mo with isoproteic diets differing in their protein isolate sources, either AP (100% milk) or PP (50%:50% pea: wheat) and being normal (NFS) or high (HFS) in sucrose (6% or 15% kcal) and saturated fat (7% or 20% kcal), respectively. We measured body weight and composition, hepatic enzyme activities and lipid content, and plasma metabolites. In the intestine, liver, adipose tissues, and skeletal muscles, we concomitantly assessed the extent of amino acid (AA) trafficking using a 15N natural abundance method, the rates of macronutrient routing to dispensable AA using a 13C natural abundance method, and the metabolic fluxes of protein synthesis (PS) and de novo lipogenesis using a 2H labeling method. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Mixed models. RESULTS At the whole-body level, PP limited HFS-induced insulin resistance (-27% in HOMA-IR between HFS groups, P < 0.05). In the liver, PP induced lower lipid content (-17%, P < 0.01) and de novo lipogenesis (-24%, P < 0.05). In the different tissues studied, PP induced higher AA transamination accompanied by higher routings of dietary carbohydrates and lipids toward dispensable AA synthesis by glycolysis and β-oxidation, resulting in similar tissue PS and protein mass. CONCLUSIONS In growing rats, compared with AP, a balanced blend of PP similarly supports protein anabolism while better limiting whole-body and tissue metabolic dysregulations through mechanisms related to their less optimal AA profile for direct channeling to PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaïa Lépine
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France; Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UMR1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-François Huneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Didier Rémond
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UMR1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Véronique Mathé
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Jérémie David
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UMR1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Hermier
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Poupin
- UMR1331 Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - François Mariotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sergio Polakof
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UMR1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Hélène Fouillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
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Dietary Risk Factors and Eating Behaviors in Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810814. [PMID: 36142725 PMCID: PMC9504787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary risk factors play a fundamental role in the prevention and progression of atherosclerosis and PAD (Peripheral Arterial Disease). The impact of nutrition, however, defined as the process of taking in food and using it for growth, metabolism and repair, remains undefined with regard to PAD. This article describes the interplay between nutrition and the development/progression of PAD. We reviewed 688 articles, including key articles, narrative and systematic reviews, meta-analyses and clinical studies. We analyzed the interaction between nutrition and PAD predictors, and subsequently created four descriptive tables to summarize the relationship between PAD, dietary risk factors and outcomes. We comprehensively reviewed the role of well-studied diets (Mediterranean, vegetarian/vegan, low-carbohydrate ketogenic and intermittent fasting diet) and prevalent eating behaviors (emotional and binge eating, night eating and sleeping disorders, anorexia, bulimia, skipping meals, home cooking and fast/ultra-processed food consumption) on the traditional risk factors of PAD. Moreover, we analyzed the interplay between PAD and nutritional status, nutrients, dietary patterns and eating habits. Dietary patterns and eating disorders affect the development and progression of PAD, as well as its disabling complications including major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse limb events (MALE). Nutrition and dietary risk factor modification are important targets to reduce the risk of PAD as well as the subsequent development of MACE and MALE.
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Lederer AK, Storz MA, Huber R, Hannibal L, Neumann E. Plasma Leptin and Adiponectin after a 4-Week Vegan Diet: A Randomized-Controlled Pilot Trial in Healthy Participants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191811370. [PMID: 36141644 PMCID: PMC9517500 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin and leptin are important mediators of metabolic homeostasis. The actions of these adipokines extend beyond adipocytes and include systemic modulation of lipid and glucose metabolism, nutrient flux, and the immune response to changes in nutrition. Herein, we hypothesized that short-term intervention with a vegan diet might result in an improvement of plasma concentrations of adiponectin and leptin and the leptin/adiponectin ratio. We investigated the response of plasma adiponectin and leptin to a 4-week intervention with a vegan or meat-rich diet and its associations with sex, BMI and nutritional intake. Fifty-three healthy, omnivore participants (62% female, average age 31 years and BMI 23.1 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to a vegan or meat-rich diet for 4 weeks. Plasma adiponectin and leptin were lower in men compared to women both at the beginning and end of the trial. The concentration of adiponectin in women was significantly higher both when comparing their transition from omnivorous to vegan diet (p = 0.023) and also for vegan versus meat-rich diet at the end of the trial (p = 0.001), whereas plasma leptin did not vary significantly. No changes in adiponectin were identified in men, yet an increase in leptin occurred upon their transition from an omnivorous to a meat-rich diet (p = 0.019). Examination of plasma adiponectin/leptin ratio, a proposed marker of cardiovascular risk, did not differ after 4-weeks of dietary intervention. Our study revealed that adiponectin and leptin concentrations are sensitive to short-term dietary intervention in a sex-dependent manner. This dietary modification of leptin and adiponectin not only occurs quickly as demonstrated in our study, but it remains such as published in studies with individuals who are established (long-term) vegetarians compared to omnivorous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Lederer
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-27082010
| | - Maximilian Andreas Storz
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roman Huber
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elena Neumann
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Campus Kerckhoff, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 61213 Bad Nauheim, Germany
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Keramati M, Kheirouri S, Musazadeh V, Alizadeh M. Association of High Dietary Acid Load With the Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Front Nutr 2022; 9:816797. [PMID: 35419387 PMCID: PMC8997294 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.816797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine the relationship between the high dietary acid load (DAL) and the risk of cancer. Methods Five databases of PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar was searched to elicit original studies on humans, up to June 2021. Quality of the articles, risk of bias, and heterogeneity were assessed. A random-effects meta-analysis model was applied to estimate pooled effect size with a 95% confidence interval. Sensitivity analysis was performed using a fixed-effects model. Subgroup analyses were carried out based on gender, age, type of cancer, and type of DAL assessment indicator. Results Seventeen effect sizes from 10 articles were included in the analysis. Overall, individuals with the highest DAL were associated with a 66% increased risk of cancer compared to those with the lowest DAL (p < 0.001]. The risk of cancer increased 41% (p < 0.001) and 53% (p = 0.03) by high PRAL and NEAP, respectively. High DAL was associated with 32% (p < 0.001) and 79% (p < 0.001) increased risk of breast and colorectal cancers, respectively. High DAL was associated with 32% (p = 0.001) and 76% (p = 0.007) increased risk of cancer incident in women and men, respectively. The risk of cancer incident increased 35% (p < 0.001) and 49% (p < 0.001) at age ≤ and > of 50, respectively. Conclusion High DAL may be associated with a higher risk of cancer incidence not only in the whole studied population but also across cancer types, both genders, both DAL assessment indicators, and also among both high- and low-risk age groups for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Keramati
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sorayya Kheirouri
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vali Musazadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Bautista CJ, Reyes-Castro LA, Bautista RJ, Ramirez V, Elias-López AL, Hernández-Pando R, Zambrano E. Different Protein Sources in the Maternal Diet of the Rat during Gestation and Lactation Affect Milk Composition and Male Offspring Development during Adulthood. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2481-2494. [PMID: 34159572 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein sources in maternal diet are important for mammary gland differentiation and milk protein; however, few studies have examined the metabolic and cellular adaptations of mothers based on protein source diets during pregnancy and lactation, and leptin concentration in offspring. We evaluated metabolic parameters and maternal key organs and milk components in mothers at the end of lactation, who were fed different sources of proteins. In postnatal day 110 and 250, we studied development parameters and leptin in male offspring. Female rats received a Vegetal (V) or Animal (A) diet during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, male offspring ate V diet until postnatal day 250, which yielded two groups: Vv and Av. Milk dry, protein and fat were analyzed. Maternal metabolic parameters, leptin, and liver, adipose tissue and mammary gland histological analyses were studied. Body weight, food intake and leptin were analyzed in offspring at two ages. Adipose tissue weight and cells size and liver fat, mammary gland apoptosis, weight, milk protein and leptin were higher in A vs V. Maternal liver and milk dry were lower in A vs V. All offspring parameters were higher in Av vs Vv at postnatal day 110; however, at postnatal day 250, leptin was higher in Av vs Vv. Maternal serum and milk leptin had a positive correlation with offspring serum leptin at both ages. Consumption of animal protein-based diets by mothers during developmental periods affects specific maternal organs and changes milk composition during lactation, leading to a hyperleptinemic phenotype in male offsprings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia J Bautista
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México City, D.F, México.
| | - Luis A Reyes-Castro
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México City, D.F, México
| | - Regina J Bautista
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México City, D.F, México
| | - Victoria Ramirez
- Departamento de Cirugia Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México City, D.F, México
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Sugihiro T, Yoneda M, Ohno H, Oki K, Hattori N. Associations of nutrient intakes with obesity and diabetes mellitus in the longitudinal medical surveys of Japanese Americans. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:1229-1236. [PMID: 30663246 PMCID: PMC6717818 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Our previous survey of two Japanese populations, with different lifestyles but identical genetic dispositions, showed that Japanese Americans had different dietary intakes and higher prevalences of obesity and diabetes mellitus, compared with the native Japanese population. The present study examined whether Westernized dietary habits could affect the development of obesity or diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 765 individuals with normal glucose tolerance at baseline medical examinations (1986 or 1989 in Los Angeles and in 1988 or 1992 in Hawaii) who subsequently completed follow-up medical examinations several years later. The participants were categorized at baseline as "lean" (576 individuals, body mass index of <25 kg/m2 ) or "obese" (189 individuals, body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 ). Nutrient intakes were analyzed for associations with the development of obesity or diabetes using Cox's proportional hazard model. RESULTS A total of 41 lean participants developed diabetes, which was not associated with any nutrient intakes (mean follow up 10.8 ± 6.6 years). A total of 36 obese participants developed diabetes, which was positively associated with intakes of animal protein, animal fat and saturated fatty acid (mean follow up 10.7 ± 6.3 years). A total of 85 lean participants became obese, which was positively associated with intakes of simple carbohydrates, sugar and fructose, as well as inversely associated with intakes of vegetable protein and complex carbohydrates (mean follow up 10.4 ± 6.5 years). CONCLUSIONS In the Japanese Americans, different nutrient intakes affected the development of obesity and diabetes. Furthermore, the associations of nutrient intakes with diabetes development varied according to the presence or absence of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Sugihiro
- Department of Molecular and Internal MedicineInstitute of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Masayasu Yoneda
- Department of Molecular and Internal MedicineInstitute of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Haruya Ohno
- Department of Molecular and Internal MedicineInstitute of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Kenji Oki
- Department of Molecular and Internal MedicineInstitute of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Noboru Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Internal MedicineInstitute of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
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Anti-Inflammatory and Pro-Inflammatory Adipokine Profiles in Children on Vegetarian and Omnivorous Diets. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091241. [PMID: 30200554 PMCID: PMC6164316 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a highly active endocrine organ that secrets many pro-inflammatory as well anti-inflammatory adipokines. The aim of the study was to assess serum adipokine profile in prepubertal vegetarian and omnivorous children. Sixty-two children on a vegetarian diet and fifty-five children on an omnivorous diet, aged 5 to 10 years, were studied. Dietary assessment was performed using a nutritional software program. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum concentrations of adipokines: leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R), adiponectin (total and high molecular weight), resistin, visfatin, vaspin, and omentin were determined by immunoenzymatic assays. Both studied groups of children were comparable in terms of age, weight, height, body mass index, and body composition. Vegetarians had a lower (p = 0.017) leptin/sOB-R ratio and lower serum concentrations of resistin (p = 0.051), compared with omnivores. Average levels of other adipokines did not differ between both groups of children. However, we observed significantly higher ratios of anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory adipokines: adiponectin/leptin 0.70 (0.37–0.93) vs 0.39 (0.28–0.74), p = 0.005, and omentin/leptin 0.40 (0.23–0.83) vs. 0.33 (0.15–0.48), p = 0.011 in vegetarians compared with omnivores. A well-planned vegetarian diet might beneficially affect the adipokine profile and inflammatory status expressed by the ratios of anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory adipokines in prepubertal children.
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Baratta F, Pastori D, Polimeni L, Bucci T, Ceci F, Calabrese C, Ernesti I, Pannitteri G, Violi F, Angelico F, Del Ben M. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Effect on Insulin Resistance. Am J Gastroenterol 2017; 112:1832-1839. [PMID: 29063908 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2017.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is increasing in western countries, because of changes in lifestyle and dietary habits. Mediterranean Diet (Med-Diet) is effective for cardiovascular prevention, but its relationship with NAFLD has been scarcely investigated. METHODS We included 584 consecutive outpatients presenting with one or more cardiovascular risk factor such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), arterial hypertension, overweight/obesity, and dyslipidemia. Liver steatosis was assessed using ultrasonography. Med-Diet adherence was investigated by a validated semiquantitative nine-item dietary questionnaire; patients were divided into low, intermediate, and high adherence. Insulin resistance was defined by the 75th percentile of homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; ≥3.8). RESULTS The mean age was 56.2±12.4 years and 38.2% were women. Liver steatosis was present in 82.7%, and its prevalence decreased from low to high adherence group (96.5% vs. 71.4%, P<0.001). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, hypertriglyceridemia (odds ratio (OR): 2.913; P=0.002), log (ALT) (OR: 6.186; P<0.001), Med-Diet adherence (intermediate vs. low OR: 0.115; P=0.041, high vs. low OR: 0.093; P=0.030), T2DM (OR: 3.940; P=0.003), and high waist circumference (OR: 3.012; P<0.001) were associated with NAFLD. Among single foods, low meat intake (OR: 0.178; P<0.001) was inversely significantly associated with NAFLD. In 334 non-diabetic NAFLD patients, age (OR: 1.035, P=0.025), high waist circumference (OR: 7.855, P<0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 2.152, P=0.011), and Log (ALT) (OR: 2.549, P=0.002) were directly associated with HOMA-IR, whereas Med-Diet score was inversely associated (OR: 0.801, P=0.018). CONCLUSIONS We found an inverse relationship between Med-Diet and NAFLD prevalence. Among NAFLD patients, good adherence to Med-Diet was associated with lower insulin resistance. Our findings suggest that Med-Diet may be a beneficial nutritional approach in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Baratta
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences-Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Pastori
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences-Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Licia Polimeni
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bucci
- Department of Medical Specialties, Salerno University of Medicine, Salerno, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ceci
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, "La Sapienza" University, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Calabrese
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ernesti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Pannitteri
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anaesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelico
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Del Ben
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Song J, Li C, Lv Y, Zhang Y, Amakye WK, Mao L. DHA increases adiponectin expression more effectively than EPA at relative low concentrations by regulating PPARγ and its phosphorylation at Ser273 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:52. [PMID: 28811832 PMCID: PMC5553905 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhancing circulating adiponectin is considered as a potential approach for the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were reported to increase adiponectin by previous studies using a mixture of them. However, their individual effects on adiponectin and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In the present study, we observed and compared the individual effect of DHA and EPA on adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and further tested whether DHA or EPA regulated adiponectin by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and its phosphorylation at Ser273 to provide a plausible explanation for their distinct actions. METHODS Firstly, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with different doses of DHA or EPA for 24 h. Secondly, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with DHA or EPA in the presence or absence of GW9662. Thirdly, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were pretreated with DHA or EPA for 24 h, followed by being respectively co-incubated with tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) or roscovitine for another 2 h. Bovine serum albumin treatment served as the control. After treatments, cellular and secreted adiponectin, cellular PPARγ and its phosphorylation at Ser273 were determined. RESULTS Compared with the control, DHA increased cellular and secreted adiponectin at 50 and 100 μmol/L, while EPA increased them at 100 and 200 μmol/L. Adiponectin expressions in DHA treated groups were significantly higher than those in EPA treated groups at 50 and 100 μmol/L. Both DHA and EPA enhanced PPARγ expression, but DHA was more effective. GW9662 blocked DHA- and EPA-induced increases in PPARγ as well as adiponectin. Remarkably, an opposite regulation of PPARγ phosphorylation was detected after fatty acids treatment: DHA inhibited it but EPA stimulated it. TNF-α blocked DHA-induced decrease in PPARγ phosphorylation, which eventually led to a decrease in adiponectin. Roscovitine blocked EPA-induced increase in PPARγ phosphorylation, but the corresponding increase in adiponectin was non-significant. CONCLUSION DHA compared with EPA led to a greater increase in cellular and secreted adiponectin at relative low concentrations by increasing PPARγ expression and inhibiting its phosphorylation at Ser273. DHA may be more beneficial than EPA in reducing risks of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Yushan Lv
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - William Kwame Amakye
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Limei Mao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
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