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Lin Y, Li R, Li T, Zhao W, Ye Q, Dong C, Gao Y. A prognostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma patients based on polyunsaturated fatty acid-related genes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38682322 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have attracted increasing attention for their role in liver cancer development. The objective of this study is to develop a prognosis prediction model for patients with liver cancer based on PUFA-related metabolic gene characteristics. METHOD Transcriptome data and clinical data were obtained from public databases, while gene sets related to PUFAs were acquired from the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) database. Univariate Cox analysis was conducted on the training set, followed by LASSO logistic regression and multivariate Cox analysis on genes with p < .05. Subsequently, the stepwise Akaike information criterion method was employed to construct the model. The high- and low-risk groups were divided based on the median score, and the model's survival prediction ability, diagnostic efficiency, and risk score distribution of clinical features were validated. The above procedures were also validated in the validation set. Immune infiltration levels were evaluated using four algorithms, and the immunotherapeutic potential of different groups was explored. Significant enrichment pathways among different groups were selected based on the GSEA algorithm, and mutation analyses were conducted. Nomogram prognostic models were constructed by incorporating clinical factors and risk scores using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, validated through calibration curves and clinical decision curves. Additionally, sensitivity analysis of drugs was performed to screen potential targeted drugs. RESULTS We constructed a prognostic model comprising eight genes (PLA2G12A, CYP2C8, ABCCI, CD74, CCR7, P2RY4, P2RY6, and YY1). Validation across multiple datasets indicated the model's favorable prognostic prediction ability and diagnostic efficiency, with poorer grading and staging observed in the high-risk group. Variations in mutation status and pathway enrichment were noted among different groups. Incorporating Stage, Grade, T.Stage, and RiskScore into the nomogram prognostic model demonstrated good accuracy and clinical decision benefits. Multiple immune analyses suggested greater benefits from immunotherapy in the low-risk group. We predicted multiple targeted drugs, providing a basis for drug development. CONCLUSION Our study's multifactorial prognostic model across multiple datasets demonstrates good applicability, offering a reliable tool for personalized therapy. Immunological and mutation-related analyses provide theoretical foundations for further research. Drug predictions offer important insights for future drug development and treatment strategies. Overall, this study provides comprehensive insights into tumor prognosis assessment and personalized treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lin
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihao Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenrong Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianling Ye
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Dong
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Fan S, Kang B, Li S, Li W, Chen C, Chen J, Deng L, Chen D, Zhou J. Exploring the multifaceted role of RASGRP1 in disease: immune, neural, metabolic, and oncogenic perspectives. Cell Cycle 2024; 23:722-746. [PMID: 38865342 PMCID: PMC11229727 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2024.2366009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
RAS guanyl releasing protein 1 (RASGRP1) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) characterized by the presence of a RAS superfamily GEF domain. It functions as a diacylglycerol (DAG)-regulated nucleotide exchange factor, specifically activating RAS through the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. Activation of RAS by RASGRP1 has a wide range of downstream effects at the cellular level. Thus, it is not surprising that many diseases are associated with RASGRP1 disorders. Here, we present an overview of the structure and function of RASGRP1, its crucial role in the development, expression, and regulation of immune cells, and its involvement in various signaling pathways. This review comprehensively explores the relationship between RASGRP1 and various diseases, elucidates the underlying molecular mechanisms of RASGRP1 in each disease, and identifies potential therapeutic targets. This study provides novel insights into the role of RASGRP1 in insulin secretion and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for diabetes. The limitations and challenges associated with studying RASGRP1 in disease are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangzhi Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Kang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Shaoqian Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Weiyi Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Canyu Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jixiang Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Lijing Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Danjun Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jiecan Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Youssef R, Maniar R, Khan J, Mesa H. Metabolic Interplay in the Tumor Microenvironment: Implications for Immune Function and Anticancer Response. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9753-9767. [PMID: 38132455 PMCID: PMC10742411 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors exhibit rapid growth and high metabolic rates, similar to embryonic stem cells, and depend on aerobic glycolysis, known as the "Warburg effect". This understanding has enabled the use of radiolabeled glucose analogs in tumor staging and therapeutic response assessment via PET scans. Traditional treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy target rapidly dividing cells, causing significant toxicity. Despite immunotherapy's impact on solid tumor treatment, gaps remain, leading to research on cancer cell evasion of immune response and immune tolerance induction via interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME, consisting of immune cells, fibroblasts, vessels, and the extracellular matrix, regulates tumor progression and therapy responses. TME-targeted therapies aim to transform this environment from supporting tumor growth to impeding it and fostering an effective immune response. This review examines the metabolic disparities between immune cells and cancer cells, their impact on immune function and therapeutic targeting, the TME components, and the complex interplay between cancer cells and nontumoral cells. The success of TME-targeted therapies highlights their potential to achieve better cancer control or even a cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Youssef
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Rohan Maniar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jaffar Khan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hector Mesa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Jabloñski M, Rodríguez MS, Rivero EM, Bruque CD, Vanzulli S, Bruzzone A, Pérez Piñero C, Lüthy IA. The Beta2-adrenergic agonist salbutamol synergizes with paclitaxel on cell proliferation and tumor growth in triple negative breast cancer models. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2023; 92:485-499. [PMID: 37725114 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Globally breast cancer accounts for 24.5% in incidence and 15.5% in cancer deaths in women. The triple-negative subtype lacks any specific therapy and is treated with chemotherapy, resulting in significant side-effects. We aimed to investigate if the dose of chemotherapeutic drugs could be diminished by co-administering it with the β2-agonist salbutamol. METHODS Cell proliferation was measured by thymidine incorporation; gene expression, by real-time PCR and protein phosphorylation by WB. Apoptosis was assessed by acridine orange / ethidium bromide and TUNEL tests. Public patient databases were consulted. Cells were inoculated to nude mice and their growth assessed. RESULTS The β2-agonist salbutamol synergizes in MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro with paclitaxel and doxorubicin on cell proliferation through ADRB2 receptors, while the β-blocker propranolol does not. The expression of this receptor was assessed in patient databases and other cell lines. Triple negative samples had the lowest expression. Salbutamol and paclitaxel decreased MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation while their combination further inhibited it. The pathways involved were analyzed. When these cells were inoculated to nude mice, paclitaxel and salbutamol inhibited tumor growth. The combined effect was significantly greater. Paclitaxel increased the expression of MDR1 while salbutamol partially reversed this increase. CONCLUSION While the effect of salbutamol was mainly on cell proliferation, suboptimal concentrations of paclitaxel provoked a very important enhancement of apoptosis. The latter enhanced transporter proteins as MDR1, whose expression were diminished by salbutamol. The expression of ADRB2 should be assessed in the biopsy or tumor to eventually select patients that could benefit from salbutamol repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Jabloñski
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Sol Rodríguez
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Mariano Rivero
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos David Bruque
- Unidad de Conocimiento Traslacional Hospitalaria Patagónica, Hospital de Alta Complejidad SAMIC - El Calafate, El Calafate, Argentina
| | | | - Ariana Bruzzone
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB-CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Pérez Piñero
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Isabel Alicia Lüthy
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Wu Y, Zhang Y, Jiao J. The relationship between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and telomere: A review on proposed nutritional treatment against metabolic syndrome and potential signaling pathways. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4457-4476. [PMID: 36330807 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2142196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of metabolic abnormalities composed of central obesity, elevated blood pressure, glucose disturbances, hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidaemia, has increasingly become a public health problem in the 21st century worldwide. The dysfunction of telomeres, the repetitive DNA with highly conserved sequences (5'-TTAGGG-3'), is remarkably correlated with organismal aging, even suggesting a causal relationship with metabolic disorders. The health benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in multiple disorders are associated with telomere length in evidence, which have recently drawn wide attention. However, functional targets and pathways for the associations of n-3 PUFAs and telomere with MetS remain scare. Few studies have summarized the role of n-3 PUFAs in DNA damage repair pathways, anti-inflammatory pathways, and redox balance, linking with telomere biology, and other potential telomere-related signaling pathways. This review aims to (i) elucidate how n-3 PUFAs ameliorate telomere attrition in the context of anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation; (ii) unravel the role of n-3 PUFAs in modulating telomere-related neuron dysfunction and regulating the neuro-endocrine-immunological network in MetS; (iii) epidemiologically implicate the associations of metabolic disorders and n-3 PUFAs with telomere length; and (iv) suggest promising biochemical approaches and advancing methodologies to overcome the inter-variation problem helpful for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Nutraceutical-Based Nanoformulations for Breast and Ovarian Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912032. [PMID: 36233349 PMCID: PMC9569679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Different strategies have been investigated for a more satisfactory treatment of advanced breast cancer, including the adjuvant use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). These nutritional compounds have been shown to possess potent anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic activities, the capacity to affect transduction pathways/receptors involved in cell growth and to reprogram tumor microenvironment. Omega-3 PUFA-containing nanoformulations designed for drug delivery in breast cancer were shown to potentiate the effects of enclosed drugs, enhance drug delivery to target sites, and minimize drug-induced side effects. We have critically analyzed here the results of the most recent studies investigating the effects of omega-3 PUFA-containing nanoformulations in breast cancer. The anti-neoplastic efficacy of omega-3 PUFAs has also been convincingly demonstrated by using preclinical in vivo models of ovarian cancer. The results obtained are critically analyzed here and seem to provide a sufficient rationale to move to still lacking interventional clinical trials, as well as to evaluate possible advantages of enclosing omega-3 PUFAs to drug-delivery nanosystems for ovarian cancer. Future perspectives in this area are also provided.
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Evening Primrose Oil Improves Chemotherapeutic Effects in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines—A Preclinical Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040466. [PMID: 35455464 PMCID: PMC9024477 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Evening Primrose oil (EPO), obtained from the seeds of Evening Primrose (Oenothera L.), is largely used as a dietary supplement, especially after cancer diagnosis. Human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease correlated with poor clinical prognosis and a very low response rate to common chemotherapy. The aim of this work was to study the potential ability of EPO to improve the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs in PANC-1 and MIAPaCa-2 cell lines. Cytotoxicity, cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and EPO anticancer activity associated with the main chemotherapeutic drugs commonly used in therapy were investigated. Results showed that EPO reduced PDAC cell viability and increased paclitaxel efficacy. This evidence suggests that EPO may be used as a potential supplement to increase chemotherapeutic efficacy in PDAC therapy.
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Liu Y, Lin J, Chen Y, Li Z, Zhou J, Lu X, Chen Z, Zuo D. Omega‑3 polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit IL‑11/STAT3 signaling in hepatocytes during acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:190. [PMID: 34414450 PMCID: PMC8416141 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) exert a negative effect on IL-6 production in several liver disorders, including cirrhosis, acute liver failure and fatty liver disease. However, its effect on the production of IL-11, another important IL-6 family cytokine, remains unclear. IL-11 was found to be significantly elevated in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether and how n-3 PUFAs modulate IL-11 production during APAP-induced liver injury. For that purpose, wild-type (WT) and fat-1 transgenic mice were intraperitoneally injected with APAP to induce liver injury. Serum was collected for ELISA and alanine aminotransferase assay. The hepatocytes of APAP-injected mice were isolated for reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analyses. For the in vitro study, primary hepatocytes isolated from WT or fat-1 mice were stimulated with APAP. The results revealed that both endogenous and exogenous n-3 PUFAs significantly aggravated APAP-induced liver damage via the downregulation of STAT3 signaling. Notably, n-3 PUFAs inhibited IL-11 expression, but not IL-6 expression in hepatocytes during the APAP challenge. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that limited phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Fos-like-1 (Fra-1) expression are responsible for the n-3 PUFA-mediated inhibitory effect on IL-11 production in APAP-treated hepatocytes. It was concluded that n-3 PUFAs inhibit IL-11 production and further STAT3 activation in hepatocytes during APAP-induced liver injury. Therefore, ERK1/2-mediated Fra-1 expression is responsible for the effect of n-3 PUFAs on IL-11 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhi Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jingmin Lin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhuonan Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhengliang Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Daming Zuo
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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You W, Li M, Qi Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Liu Y, Li L, Ouyang H, Pang D. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Specific Integration of Fat-1 and IGF-1 at the p Rosa26 Locus. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071027. [PMID: 34356043 PMCID: PMC8305104 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Many researchers have focused on knock-in pigs for site-specific integration, but little attention has been given to genetically modified pigs with the targeted integration of multiple recombinant genes. To establish a multigene targeted knock-in editing system, we used the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and self-cleaving 2A peptide technology to construct a plasmid coexpressing the fatty acid desaturase (Fat-1) and porcine insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) genes at equal levels. In this study, pigs were genetically modified with multiple genes that were precisely inserted into the pRosa26 locus by using the clustered regularly spaced short palindrome repeat sequence (CRISPR)/CRISPR-related 9 (Cas9) system and somatic cell nuclear transfer technology (SCNT) in combination. Single copies of the Fat-1 and IGF-1 genes were expressed satisfactorily in various tissues of F0-generation pigs. Importantly, gas chromatography analysis revealed a significantly increased n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) level in these genetically modified pigs, which led to a significant decrease of the n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA ratio from 6.982 to 3.122 (*** p < 0.001). In conclusion, the establishment of an editing system for targeted double-gene knock-in in this study provides a reference for the precise integration of multiple foreign genes and lays a foundation for the development of new transgenic pig breeds with multiple excellent phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenni You
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (W.Y.); (M.L.); (Y.Q.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (H.O.)
| | - Mengjing Li
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (W.Y.); (M.L.); (Y.Q.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (H.O.)
| | - Yilin Qi
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (W.Y.); (M.L.); (Y.Q.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (H.O.)
| | - Yanbing Wang
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (W.Y.); (M.L.); (Y.Q.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (H.O.)
| | - Yiwu Chen
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (W.Y.); (M.L.); (Y.Q.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (H.O.)
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (W.Y.); (M.L.); (Y.Q.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (H.O.)
| | - Li Li
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (W.Y.); (M.L.); (Y.Q.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (H.O.)
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (W.Y.); (M.L.); (Y.Q.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (H.O.)
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401123, China
| | - Daxin Pang
- Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (W.Y.); (M.L.); (Y.Q.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (H.O.)
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401123, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-131-9437-3800
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Fuentes NR, Mlih M, Wang X, Webster G, Cortes-Acosta S, Salinas ML, Corbin IR, Karpac J, Chapkin RS. Membrane therapy using DHA suppresses epidermal growth factor receptor signaling by disrupting nanocluster formation. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100026. [PMID: 33515553 PMCID: PMC7933808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling drives the formation of many types of cancer, including colon cancer. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22∶6Δ4,7,10,13,16,19), a chemoprotective long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid suppresses EGFR signaling. However, the mechanism underlying this phenotype remains unclear. Therefore, we used super-resolution microscopy techniques to investigate the mechanistic link between EGFR function and DHA-induced alterations to plasma membrane nanodomains. Using isogenic in vitro (YAMC and IMCE mouse colonic cell lines) and in vivo (Drosophila, wild type and Fat-1 mice) models, cellular DHA enrichment via therapeutic nanoparticle delivery, endogenous synthesis, or dietary supplementation reduced EGFR-mediated cell proliferation and downstream Ras/ERK signaling. Phospholipid incorporation of DHA reduced membrane rigidity and the size of EGFR nanoclusters. Similarly, pharmacological reduction of plasma membrane phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) or cholesterol was associated with a decrease in EGFR nanocluster size. Furthermore, in DHA-treated cells only the addition of cholesterol, unlike PA or PIP2, restored EGFR nanoscale clustering. These findings reveal that DHA reduces EGFR signaling in part by reshaping EGFR proteolipid nanodomains, supporting the feasibility of using membrane therapy, i.e., dietary/drug-related strategies to target plasma membrane organization, to reduce EGFR signaling and cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natividad R Fuentes
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mohamed Mlih
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Gabriella Webster
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sergio Cortes-Acosta
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Michael L Salinas
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ian R Corbin
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jason Karpac
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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11
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Story MJ. Zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D: An essential combination for prevention and treatment of cancers. Biochimie 2020; 181:100-122. [PMID: 33307154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and vitamin D are essential nutrients for health, maturation and general wellbeing. Extensive literature searches have revealed the widespread similarity in molecular biological properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D, and their similar anti-cancer properties, even though they have different modes of action. These three nutrients are separately essential for good health, especially in the aged. Zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D are inexpensive and safe as they are fundamentally natural and have the properties of correcting and inhibiting undesirable actions without disturbing the normal functions of cells or their extracellular environment. This review of the anticancer properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D is made in the context of the hallmarks of cancer. The anticancer properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D can therefore be used beneficially through combined treatment or supplementation. It is proposed that sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D is a necessary requirement during chemotherapy treatment and that clinical trials can have questionable integrity if this sufficiency is not checked and maintained during efficacy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Story
- Story Pharmaceutics Pty Ltd, PO Box 6086, Linden Park, South Australia, 5065, Australia.
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12
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Wang S, Zhou D, Xu Z, Song J, Qian X, Lv X, Luan J. Anti-tumor Drug Targets Analysis: Current Insight and Future Prospect. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1180-1202. [PMID: 30947670 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190402145325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of malignant tumors are on the rise, which has become the second leading cause of death in the world. At present, anti-tumor drugs are one of the most common methods for treating cancer. In recent years, with the in-depth study of tumor biology and related disciplines, it has been gradually discovered that the essence of cell carcinogenesis is the infinite proliferation of cells caused by the disorder of cell signal transduction pathways, followed by a major shift in the concept of anti-tumor drugs research and development. The focus of research and development is shifting from traditional cytotoxic drugs to a new generation of anti-tumor drugs targeted at abnormal signaling system targets in tumor cells. In this review, we summarize the targets of anti-tumor drugs and analyse the molecular mechanisms of their effects, which lay a foundation for subsequent treatment, research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Dexi Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xueyi Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Disease of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiajie Luan
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
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13
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Chen Y, Qiu X, Yang J. Comparing the In Vitro Antitumor, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities between Two New Very Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Docosadienoic Acid (DDA) and Docosatrienoic Acid (DTA), and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA). Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1697-1707. [PMID: 32781843 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1804949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs) are widely used as nutraceutical supplements for human health. Recently, a high level of two new VLCPUFAs, docosadienoic acid (DDA, 22:2n-6) and docosatrienoic acid (DTA, 22:3n-3), was produced in oilseed crop Brassica carinata using a biotechnology approach. This study investigated the functional properties of these two VLCPUFAs in human cells. Compared to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the golden standard in evaluating the health-promoting activities of VLCPUFAs, both DDA and DTA exhibited comparable or even better antitumor and antioxidant effects against human breast cancer SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Especially, DTA elicited much stronger antioxidant and pro-apoptotic effects than DHA. Furthermore, DDA and DTA showed strong anti-inflammatory effects in human macrophages differentiated from monocyte THP-1 cells through lowering the protein expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon γ (IFN-γ), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Future In Vivo and In Vivo studies are warranted to identify the mechanism of action (MOA) for the antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of DDA and DTA and explore potential applications of these two VLCPUFAs as novel nutraceutical supplements in preventing inflammatory conditions, aging and even cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Xiao Qiu
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jian Yang
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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14
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Weir TL, Trikha SRJ, Thompson HJ. Diet and cancer risk reduction: The role of diet-microbiota interactions and microbial metabolites. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 70:53-60. [PMID: 32574813 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
According to recent estimates, over one third of the human population will be diagnosed with cancer at some point in their lifetime. While genetic factors play a large part in cancer risk, as much as 50 % of cancers may be preventable through various lifestyle modifications. Nutrition is a major modifiable risk factor, both through its impacts on obesity as well as through dietary chemical exposures that can either increase or decrease cancer risk. However, specific associations and mechanistic links between diet and cancer risk are either inconsistent or elusive. New insights regarding the reciprocal interactions between diet and the gut microbiota, the trillions of organisms that reside in our intestines, may help clarify how diet impacts cancer. The gut microbiota is largely shaped by an individual's diet and has far-reaching effects on metabolism, the immune system, and inflammation- important factors in the development and progression of various cancers. Likewise, the microbiota modifies dietary components, and consequently, exposure to metabolites that can influence cancer. This review explores some of these diet-microbiota interactions in the context of their potential impacts on cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany L Weir
- Intestinal Health Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1571, United States.
| | - S Raj J Trikha
- Intestinal Health Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1571, United States
| | - Henry J Thompson
- Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
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15
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Lim Y, Kim S, Kim S, Kim DI, Kang KW, Hong SH, Lee SM, Koh HR, Seo YJ. n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Impede the TCR Mobility and the TCR-pMHC Interaction of Anti-Viral CD8+ T Cells. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060639. [PMID: 32545480 PMCID: PMC7354506 DOI: 10.3390/v12060639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune-suppressive effects of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on T cells have been observed via multiple in vitro and in vivo models. However, the precise mechanism that causes these effects is still undefined. In this study, we investigated whether n-3 PUFAs regulated T cell receptor (TCR) and peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) interactions. The expansion of anti-viral CD8+ T cells that endogenously synthesize n-3 PUFAs (FAT-1) dramatically decreased upon lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in vivo. This decrease was not caused by the considerable reduction of TCR expression or the impaired chemotactic activity of T cells. Interestingly, a highly inclined and laminated optical sheet (HILO) microscopic analysis revealed that the TCR motility was notably reduced on the surface of the FAT-1 CD8+ T cells compared to the wild type (WT) CD8+ T cells. Importantly, the adhesion strength of the FAT-1 CD8+ T cells to the peptide-MHC was significantly lower than that of the WT CD8+T cells. Consistent with this result, treatment with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), one type of n-3 PUFA, significantly decreased CD8+ T cell adhesion to the pMHC. Collectively, our results reveal a novel mechanism through which n-3 PUFAs decrease TCR-pMHC interactions by modulating TCR mobility on CD8+ T cell surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghyun Lim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.L.); (S.K.); (D.-I.K.)
| | - Seyoung Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.L.); (S.K.); (D.-I.K.)
| | - Sehoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Dong-In Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.L.); (S.K.); (D.-I.K.)
| | - Kyung Won Kang
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresources, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (K.W.K.); (S.-M.L.)
| | - So-Hee Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, the Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea;
| | - Sang-Myeong Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresources, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (K.W.K.); (S.-M.L.)
| | - Hye Ran Koh
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.R.K.); (Y.-J.S.)
| | - Young-Jin Seo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.L.); (S.K.); (D.-I.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.R.K.); (Y.-J.S.)
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16
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Yurko-Mauro K, Van Elswyk M, Teo L. A Scoping Review of Interactions between Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Genetic Variation in Relation to Cancer Risk. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061647. [PMID: 32498320 PMCID: PMC7352171 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This scoping review examines the interaction of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and genetic variants of various types of cancers. A comprehensive search was performed to identify controlled and observational studies conducted through August 2017. Eighteen unique studies were included: breast cancer (n = 2), gastric cancer (n = 1), exocrine pancreatic cancer (n = 1), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n = 1), prostate cancer (n = 7) and colorectal cancer (n = 6). An additional 13 studies that focused on fish intake or at-risk populations were summarized to increase readers’ understanding of the topic based on this review, DHA and EPA interact with certain genetic variants to decrease breast, colorectal and prostate cancer risk, although data was limited and identified polymorphisms were heterogeneous. The evidence to date demonstrates that omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) may decrease cancer risk by affecting genetic variants of inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress and tumor apoptosis. Collectively, data supports the notion that once a genetic variant is identified, the benefits of a targeted, personalized therapeutic regimen that includes DHA and/or EPA should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Yurko-Mauro
- Pharma Segment, DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, MD 21045, USA
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Lynn Teo
- Teo Research Consulting, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA;
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17
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Ma Y, Wang J, Li Q, Cao B. The Effect of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementations on anti-Tumor Drugs in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:196-205. [PMID: 32223441 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1743873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprises about 10-20% of all diagnosed breast cancers. Increasing evidence shows that the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, can influence the development, progression, and prognosis of TNBC In Vivo and In Vitro; however, clinical evidence supporting the effect of ω-3PUFAs on TNBC is lacking. Research has demonstrated that ω-3PUFAs can induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway, and that ω-3PUFAs can improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs. Using ω-3PUFA supplementation in addition to pharmacotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer may result in enhanced anti-tumor effects that will be particularly applicable to difficult to treat phenotypes such as TNBC. The aim of the current review was to summarize the evidence-base supporting the antitumor effects of omega-3 PUFAs in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Ma
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
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18
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Oono K, Ohtake K, Watanabe C, Shiba S, Sekiya T, Kasono K. Contribution of Pyk2 pathway and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to the anti-cancer effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in PC3 prostate cancer cells. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:15. [PMID: 32005121 PMCID: PMC6993438 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are thought to exert protective effects in cardiovascular diseases. In addition, n-3 PUFAs have demonstrated anti-cancer effects in vitro and in vivo. Objective We investigated the anti-cancer effects and mechanism of action of EPA on PC3 prostate cancer cells in vitro. Methods PC3 cells were treated with various concentrations of EPA, and cell survival and the abilities of migration and invasion were evaluated. The time course of the growth inhibitory effect of EPA on PC3 cells was also assessed. The mechanism underlying the anti-cancer effects of EPA was investigated by human phosphokinase and human apoptosis antibody arrays, and confirmed by western blot analysis. We also examined the contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to the effects of EPA using the ROS inhibitor N-acetyl cysteine. Results EPA decreased the survival of PC3 cells in a dose-dependent manner within 3 h of application, with an effective concentration of 500 μmol/L. EPA inhibited proline-rich tyrosine kinase (Pyk)2 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation as determined by western blotting and the antibody arrays. The growth of PC3 cells was inhibited by EPA, which was dependent on ROS induction, while EPA inhibited Pyk2 phosphorylation independent of ROS production. Conclusions Inhibition of Pyk2 phosphorylation and ROS production contribute to the anticancer effects of EPA on PC3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Oono
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ohtake
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Chie Watanabe
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Sachiko Shiba
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Takashi Sekiya
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Keizo Kasono
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan.
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19
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Ma Y, Yu J, Li Q, Su Q, Cao B. Addition of docosahexaenoic acid synergistically enhances the efficacy of apatinib for triple-negative breast cancer therapy. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 84:743-756. [PMID: 31889475 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1709789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the antitumor and antiangiogenesis effects of apatinib in triple-negative breast cancer in vitro and also whether the combination of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and apatinib is more effective than apatinib monotherapy. The cell counting kit-8 assay was used to measure cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was utilized to determine the cell apoptosis rate. A wound healing assay was utilized to assess cell migration. Western blot analysis was carried out to determine the effects of apatinib and DHA on Bcl-2, BAX, cleaved caspase-3, caspase-3, phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), and Akt expression. DHA in combination with apatinib showed enhanced inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and migration compared with apatinib or DHA monotherapy. Meanwhile, DHA combined with apatinib strongly increased the cell apoptosis percentage. DHA was observed to enhance the antitumor and antiangiogenesis effects of apatinib via further downregulation of p-Akt expression.Abbreviations: FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate; PI: propidium iodide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Ma
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Junxian Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qin Li
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Su
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
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20
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Mokbel K, Mokbel K. Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer With Vitamins and Micronutrients: A Concise Review. In Vivo 2019; 33:983-997. [PMID: 31280187 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous dietary components and vitamins have been found to inhibit the molecular events and signalling pathways associated with various stages of breast cancer development. To identify the vitamins and dietary micronutrients that exert protective effects against breast cancer and define their mechanism of action, we performed a literature review of in vitro, animal and epidemiological studies and selected the in vitro and animal studies with robust molecular evidence and the epidemiological studies reporting statistically significant inverse associations for a breast cancer-specific protective effect. There is sufficient evidence from in vitro, animal and epidemiological human studies that certain vitamins, such as vitamin D3, folate, vitamin B6, and beta carotene as well as dietary micronutrients, such as curcumin, piperine, sulforaphane, indole-3-carbinol, quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), display an antitumoral activity against breast cancer and have the potential to offer a natural strategy for breast cancer chemoprevention and reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence. Therefore, a supplement that contains these micronutrients, using the safest form and dosage should be investigated in future breast cancer chemoprevention studies and as part of standard breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefah Mokbel
- The London Breast Institute, Princess Grace Hospital, London, U.K.
| | - Kinan Mokbel
- The London Breast Institute, Princess Grace Hospital, London, U.K
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21
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Wang JJ, Huang YQ, Song W, Li YF, Wang H, Wang WJ, Huang M. Comprehensive analysis of the lncRNA‑associated competing endogenous RNA network in breast cancer. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:2572-2582. [PMID: 31638237 PMCID: PMC6826329 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been confirmed to be potential prognostic markers in a variety of cancers and to interact with microRNAs (miRNAs) as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to regulate target gene expression. However, the role of lncRNA‑mediated ceRNAs in breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. In the present study, a ceRNA network was generated to explore their role in BC. The expression profiles of mRNAs, miRNAs and lncRNAs in 1,109 BC tissues and 113 normal breast tissues were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). A total of 3,198 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, 150 differentially DEmiRNAs and 1,043 DElncRNAs were identified between BC and normal tissues. A lncRNA‑miRNA‑mRNA network associated with BC was successfully constructed based on the combined data obtained from RNA databases, and comprised 97 lncRNA nodes, 24 miRNA nodes and 74 mRNA nodes. The biological functions of the 74 DEmRNAs were further investigated by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. The results demonstrated that the DEmRNAs were significantly enriched in two GO biological process categories; the main biological process enriched term was 'positive regulation of GTPase activity'. By KEGG analysis, four key enriched pathways were obtained, including the 'MAPK signaling pathway', the 'Ras signaling pathway', 'prostate cancer', and the 'FoxO signaling pathway'. Kaplan‑Meier survival analysis revealed that six DElncRNAs (INC AC112721.1, LINC00536, MIR7‑3HG, ADAMTS9‑AS1, AL356479.1 and LINC00466), nine DEmRNAs (KPNA2, RACGAP1, SHCBP1, ZNF367, NTRK2, ORS1, PTGS2, RASGRP1 and SFRP1) and two DEmiRNAs (hsa‑miR‑301b and hsa‑miR‑204) had significant effects on overall survival in BC. The present results demonstrated the aberrant expression of INC AC112721.1, AL356479.1, LINC00466 and MIR7‑3HG in BC, indicating their potential prognostic role in patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Wang
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Qing Huang
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Intervention and Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- Department of Oncology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, P.R. China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jining Cancer Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Wang
- Department of Radio‑Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
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22
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Combination of ω-3 fatty acids and cisplatin as a potential alternative strategy for personalized therapy of metastatic melanoma: an in-vitro study. Melanoma Res 2019; 29:270-280. [PMID: 30550405 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The recently developed therapeutic strategies have led to unprecedented improvements in the control of metastatic melanoma and in the survival of specific subgroups of patients. However, drug resistance, low response rates, and undesired side effects make these treatments not suitable or tolerable for all the patients, and chemotherapeutic treatments appear still indispensable, at least for subgroups of patients. New combinatory strategies are also under investigation as tailored treatments or salvage therapies, including combined treatments of immunotherapy with conventional chemotherapy. On this basis, and in consideration of the antineoplastic properties of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, we have here investigated the potential of these bioactive dietary factors to revert the resistance frequently exhibited by this form of cancer to cisplatin (CDDP, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum). We demonstrated that docosahexenoic acid (DHA, 22:6ω-3) sensitizes the cells to the CDDP-induced inhibition of cell growth and migration by reverting CDDP effects on DNA damage and ERCC1 expression, as well as on the DUSP6 and p-ERK expressions, which regulate ERCC1 activation upwardly. In line, DUSP6 gene silencing prevented the effect of DHA, confirming that DHA acted on the DUSP6/p-ERK/ERCC1 repair pathways to sensitize melanoma cells to the anticancer effect of CDDP. Similar effects were obtained also with eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5ω-3). Overall, our findings suggest that the combination of CDDP treatment with a dietary supplementation with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids could potentially represent a new therapeutic strategy for overcoming CDDP resistance in metastatic melanoma.
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Deryagina VP, Reutov VP. Modulation of the formation of active forms of nitrogen by ingredients of plant products in the inhibition of carcinogenesis. ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.17650/2313-805x-2019-6-1-18-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V. P. Deryagina
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - V. P. Reutov
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
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24
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Serini S, Cassano R, Trombino S, Calviello G. Nanomedicine-based formulations containing ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: potential application in cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:2809-2828. [PMID: 31114196 PMCID: PMC6488162 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s197499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) are dietary factors involved in the prevention of cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases. A multidisciplinary approach – based on recent findings in nutritional science, lipid biochemistry, biotechnology, and biology of inflammation and cancer – has been recently employed to develop ω-3 PUFA-containing nanoformulations with an aim to protect these fatty acids from degradation, increase their bioavailability and delivery to target tissues, and, thus, enhance their bioactivity. In some cases, these nanoformulations were designed to administer ω-3 PUFAs in combination with other nutraceuticals or conventional/innovative drugs. The aim of this strategy was to increase the activities of the compounds contained in the nanoformulation and to reduce the adverse effects often induced by drugs. We herein analyze the results of papers evaluating the potential use of ω-3 PUFA-containing nanomaterials in fighting cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Future directions in this field of research are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Serini
- Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy, .,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli 00168 Roma, Italy,
| | - Roberta Cassano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Università della Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy,
| | - Sonia Trombino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Università della Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy,
| | - Gabriella Calviello
- Institute of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy, .,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli 00168 Roma, Italy,
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25
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Luo G, Feng R, Sun Y, Zheng L, Wang Y, Chen Y, Wen T. Dendritic cell factor 1 inhibits proliferation and migration and induces apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells by inhibiting the ERK signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:103-112. [PMID: 30365123 PMCID: PMC6278510 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor that affects mainly children and has extremely high mortality and recurrence rates. A previous study revealed that dendritic cell factor 1 (DCF1), also called transmembrane protein 59, could activate apoptosis in glioma cells. In the present study, we applied immunofluorescence, western blot analysis, flow cytometry and cell tumorigenicity to investigate the DCF1 mechanisms involved in NB apoptosis. DCF1 was overexpressed in Neuro-2a and SK-N-SH cells through instantaneous transfection. The data revealed that overexpression of DCF1 could inhibit cell proliferation, migration, invasion and promote cell apoptosis in vitro, and suppress NB growth in vivo. The ERK1/2 signaling pathway, which promotes cell survival, was the target of DCF1 in neuroblastoma cells. All the results indicated that DCF1 could be a potential therapeutic target for the understanding and treatment of NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Ruili Feng
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Lili Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Yajiang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Yanlu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Tieqiao Wen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
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26
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recently, concerns have been raised with regard to the recommended doses of marine long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-omega-3 PUFAs) especially in relation to cancer risk and treatment. There is urgent need to clarify this point. This review considers the most recent evidence related to the potential risk of developing cancer with high LC-omega-3 PUFA intakes, and possible research strategies to better elucidate this matter. RECENT FINDINGS The latest published recommendations have still highlighted the usefulness of an increased dietary intake of LC-omega-3 PUFAs for the prevention of some cardiovascular diseases. However, LC-omega-3 PUFAs have been related to the potential development and progression of cancer, and considerable debate exists on this issue. SUMMARY The use of biomarkers reflecting the intake of LC-omega-3 PUFAs as cancer risk markers is discussed, as well as the possibility that the reported beneficial/deleterious effects may be confined to specific subpopulations on the basis of genetic, metabolic, and nutritional characteristics. Recent advances on new strategies for a safer intake of LC-omega-3 PUFAs will be considered, as their dietary sources may be contaminated by toxic/carcinogenic compounds. Potentially future directions in this important research area are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Serini
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, L.go F. Vito, Roma, Italia
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Omega-3 PUFA Loaded in Resveratrol-Based Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Physicochemical Properties and Antineoplastic Activities in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020586. [PMID: 29462928 PMCID: PMC5855808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
New strategies are being investigated to ameliorate the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of the drugs currently used in colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most common malignancies in the Western world. Data have been accumulated demonstrating that the antineoplastic therapies with either conventional or single-targeted drugs could take advantage from a combined treatment with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFA). These nutrients, shown to be safe at the dosage generally used in human trials, are able to modulate molecules involved in colon cancer cell growth and survival. They have also the potential to act against inflammation, which plays a critical role in CRC development, and to increase the anti-cancer immune response. In the present study, omega-3 PUFA were encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) having a lipid matrix containing resveratrol esterified to stearic acid. Our aim was to increase the efficiency of the incorporation of these fatty acids into the cells and prevent their peroxidation and degradation. The Resveratrol-based SLN were characterized and investigated for their antioxidant activity. It was observed that the encapsulation of omega-3 PUFA into the SLN enhanced significantly their incorporation in human HT-29 CRC cells in vitro, and their growth inhibitory effects in these cancer cells, mainly by reducing cell proliferation.
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Protective Effects of ω-3 PUFA in Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity: A Critical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122689. [PMID: 29231904 PMCID: PMC5751291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) may exert a beneficial role as adjuvants in the prevention and treatment of many disorders, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Particularly, several in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies have shown the antitumor activity of ω-3 PUFA in different kinds of cancers, and several human studies have shown that ω-3 PUFA are able to decrease the risk of a series of cardiovascular diseases. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain their pleiotropic beneficial effects. ω-3 PUFA have also been shown to prevent harmful side-effects (including cardiotoxicity and heart failure) induced by conventional and innovative anti-cancer drugs in both animals and patients. The available literature regarding the possible protective effects of ω-3 PUFA against anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, as well as the mechanisms involved, will be critically discussed herein. The study will analyze the critical role of different levels of ω-3 PUFA intake in determining the results of the combinatory studies with anthracyclines. Suggestions for future research will also be considered.
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