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Dave H, Zhou L, Zamzow D, Wittler RR. A Case Report of Leclercia adecarboxylata Pyogenic Arthritis. Kans J Med 2024; 17:85-86. [PMID: 39091365 PMCID: PMC11291186 DOI: 10.17161/kjm.vol17.20588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hitanshu Dave
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, KS
| | - Lawrence Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine/Pediatrics, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, KS
| | - Deva Zamzow
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, KS
| | - Robert R Wittler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, KS
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Collar GDS, Becker J, Moreira NK, Dornelles LS, Mott MP, Barth AL, Caierão J. Rapid colorimetric polymyxin B microelution directly from positive blood bottles: because patients with serious infections should not have to wait for results of culture-based methodologies. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:1407-1417. [PMID: 38733425 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the performance of the rapid colorimetric polymyxin B microelution (RCPEm) in determining polymyxin B resistance directly from Enterobacterales-positive blood cultures. METHODS A set volume of positive blood culture bottles (diluted 1:10) was inoculated into a glucose-broth-phenol red solution (NP solution), where a polymyxin B disk was previously eluted (final concentration of 3 µg/mL). Test was read each 1 h for up to 4 h. Color change from red/orange to yellow indicated resistant isolates. Results were compared to the reference method, broth microdilution (BMD), performed from colonies grown on solid media from the same blood culture bottle. RESULTS One hundred fifty-two Enterobacterales-positive blood cultures were evaluated, 22.4% (34/152) of them resistant to polymyxin B (including 6.6% with borderline MICs). When performing directly from positive blood cultures (RCPEm-BC), specificity and sensitivity were 99.1% and 94.1%, respectively. Of note, 79.4% (27/34) of truly resistant isolates required 3 h of incubation, compared to the 18 ± 2 h incubation that microtiter plates of BMD demand before reading can be performed. CONCLUSIONS RCPEm directly from blood cultures has great potential to be part of the routine of clinical microbiology laboratories to establish polymyxin B susceptibility, impacting outcome of patients with bloodstream infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela da Silva Collar
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Bacteriologia Clínica (LaBaC), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Julia Becker
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Bacteriologia Clínica (LaBaC), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Natália Kehl Moreira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Bacteriologia Clínica (LaBaC), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luana Silva Dornelles
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mariana Preussler Mott
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Afonso Luís Barth
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Resistência Bacteriana (LABRESIS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Juliana Caierão
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Bacteriologia Clínica (LaBaC), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Alves JS, de Moura Souza R, Lima Moreira JPD, Gonzalez AGM. Antimicrobial resistance of Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus spp. isolated from raw cow's milk from healthy, clinical and subclinical mastitis udders. Prev Vet Med 2024; 227:106205. [PMID: 38678816 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis is the most common disease of dairy cattle and can be manifested in clinical and subclinical forms. The overuse of antimicrobials in the treatment and prevention of mastitis favours antimicrobial resistance and milk can be a potential route of dissemination. This study aimed to evaluate the biological quality of bulk tank milk (BTM) and the microbiological quality and signs of mastitis of freshly milked raw milk. In addition, to evaluate antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus spp. isolated from freshly milked raw milk. None of the farms were within the official Brazilian biological quality limits for BTM. Freshly milked raw milk with signs of clinical (CMM), subclinical (SCMM) and no signs (MFM) of mastitis were detected in 6.67%, 27.62% and 65.71% samples, respectively. Most samples of freshly milked raw milk showed acceptable microbiological quality, when evaluating the indicators total coliforms (78.10%), Escherichia coli (88.57%) and Staphylococcus aureus (100%). Klebsiella oxytoca and S. aureus were the most prevalent microorganisms in SCMM and MFM samples. Antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance (MDR) were observed in 65.12% and 13.95% of Enterobacteriaceae and 84.31% and 5.88% of Staphylococcus spp., respectively, isolated from both SCMM and MFM samples. Enterobacteriaceae resistant to third-generation cephalosporin (3GCR) (6.98%) and carbapenems (CRE) (6.98%) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (4.88%) were observed. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria can spread resistance genes to previously susceptible bacteria. This is a problem that affects animal, human and environmental health and should be evaluated within the one-health concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Souza Alves
- Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Bromatology, Hygiene and Food Microbiology Laboratory, 24241-000, Brazil
| | - Rossiane de Moura Souza
- Agricultural Research Company of the State of Rio de Janeiro (PESAGRO-RIO), State Centre for Research in Animal Health, Biotechnology Laboratory, 24120-191, Brazil
| | - Jessica Pronestino de Lima Moreira
- Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Bromatology, Hygiene and Food Microbiology Laboratory, 24241-000, Brazil
| | - Alice Gonçalves Martins Gonzalez
- Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Bromatology, Hygiene and Food Microbiology Laboratory, 24241-000, Brazil.
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Balaji N, Kalra A, Ignatowicz A, Aggarwal T, Gupta S. Leclercia adecarboxylata in a Patient With Newly Diagnosed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cureus 2024; 16:e57965. [PMID: 38738051 PMCID: PMC11086597 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Leclercia adecarboxylata is a Gram-negative bacillus commonly seen in immunocompromised individuals and often misdiagnosed as Escherichia coli. L. adecarboxylata is an opportunistic pathogen found in aquatic environments. It is a nonfatal infection that has low virulence and endorses susceptibility to many common antibiotics. We report a case of a 53-year-old immunocompromised male who was managed for L. adecarboxylata bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedha Balaji
- Internal Medicine, Northeast Georgia Medical Center Gainsville, Gainesville, USA
| | - Aarushi Kalra
- Internal Medicine, Northeast Georgia Medical Center Gainsville, Gainesville, USA
| | | | - Tanya Aggarwal
- Internal Medicine, Northeast Georgia Medical Center Gainsville, Gainesville, USA
| | - Sonu Gupta
- Internal Medicine, Northeast Georgia Medical Center Gainsville, Gainesville, USA
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Yescas-Zazueta V, Rocha-Gracia RDC, González-Bonilla CR, Ayala-Zavala JF, Enciso-Martínez Y, Carreón-León EA, González Corona BA, Valencia D, Ballesteros-Monrreal MG, Barrios-Villa E. Resistance phenotype and virulence potential of Leclercia adecarboxylata strains isolated from different sources. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2024; 170:001457. [PMID: 38661713 PMCID: PMC11084626 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Introduction. Leclercia adecarboxylata is a member of Enterobacterales, often considered an opportunistic pathogen. Recent reports have highlighted L. adecarboxylata as an emerging pathogen harbouring virulence and resistance determinants.Gap statement. Little information exists on virulence and resistance determinants in L. adecarboxylata strains isolated from environmental, food, and clinical samples.Aim. To determine the presence of resistance and virulence determinants and plasmid features in L. adecarboxylata strains isolated from environmental, food, and clinical samples, as well as their phylogenetic relationship.Results. All strains tested showed resistance to β-lactams and quinolones but were sensitive to aminoglycosides and nitrofurans. However, even though fosfomycin resistance is considered a characteristic trait of L. adecarboxylata, the resistance phenotype was only observed in 50 % of the strains; bla TEM was the most prevalent BLEE gene (70 %), while the quinolone qnrB gene was observed in 60 % of the strains. Virulence genes were differentially observed in the strains, with adhesion-related genes being the most abundant, followed by toxin genes. Finally, all strains carried one to seven plasmid bands ranging from 7 to 125 kbps and harboured several plasmid addiction systems, such as ParDE, VagCD, and CcdAB in 80 % of the strains.Conclusions. L. adecarboxylata is an important emerging pathogen that may harbour resistance and virulence genes. Additionally, it has mobilizable genetic elements that may contribute to the dissemination of genetic determinants to other bacterial genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Yescas-Zazueta
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, campus Caborca, Av. Universidad e Irigoyen S/N, 83621 H. Caborca, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Rosa del Carmen Rocha-Gracia
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio S/N, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
| | - Cesar R. González-Bonilla
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio S/N, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
| | - J. Fernando Ayala-Zavala
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., 83304 Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Yessica Enciso-Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, campus Caborca, Av. Universidad e Irigoyen S/N, 83621 H. Caborca, Sonora, Mexico
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., 83304 Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Eder A. Carreón-León
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos de la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Av. Universidad S/N, Circuito Universitario Campus 1, 31310 Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Brigitte A. González Corona
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos de la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Av. Universidad S/N, Circuito Universitario Campus 1, 31310 Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Dora Valencia
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, campus Caborca, Av. Universidad e Irigoyen S/N, 83621 H. Caborca, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Manuel G. Ballesteros-Monrreal
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, campus Caborca, Av. Universidad e Irigoyen S/N, 83621 H. Caborca, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Edwin Barrios-Villa
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, campus Caborca, Av. Universidad e Irigoyen S/N, 83621 H. Caborca, Sonora, Mexico
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio S/N, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
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Brar B, Kumar R, Sharma D, Sharma AK, Thakur K, Mahajan D, Kumar R. Metagenomic analysis reveals diverse microbial community and potential functional roles in Baner rivulet, India. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:147. [PMID: 38015339 PMCID: PMC10684477 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00601-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health index of any population is directly correlated with the water quality, which in turn depends upon physicochemical characteristics and the microbiome of that aquatic source. For maintaining the water quality, knowledge of microbial diversity is a must. The present investigation attempts to evaluate the microflora of Baner. Metagenomics has been proven to be the technique for examining the genetic diversity of unculturable microbiota without using traditional culturing techniques. The microbial profile of Baner is analyzed using metagenomics for the first time to the best of our knowledge. RESULTS To explore the microbial diversity of Baner, metagenomics analysis from 3 different sites was done. Data analysis identified 29 phyla, 62 classes, 131 orders, 268 families, and 741 genera. Proteobacteria was found to be the most abundant phylum in all the sampling sites, with the highest abundance at S3 sampling site (94%). Bacteroidetes phylum was found to be second abundant in S1 and S2 site, whereas Actinobacteria was second dominant in sampling site S3. Enterobacteriaceae family was dominant in site S1, whereas Comamonadaceae and Pseudomonadaceae was abundant in sites S2 and S3 respectively. The Baner possesses an abundant bacterial profile that holds great promise for developing bioremediation tactics against a variety of harmful substances. CONCLUSION Baner river's metagenomic analysis offers the first insight into the microbial profile of this hilly stream. Proteobacteria was found to be the most abundant phylum in all the sampling sites indicating anthropogenic interference and sewage contamination. The highest abundance of proteobacteria at S3 reveals it to be the most polluted site, as it is the last sampling site downstream of the area under investigation, and falls after crossing the main city, so more human intervention and pollution were observed. Despite some pathogens, a rich profile of bacteria involved in bioremediation, xenobiotic degradation, and beneficial fish probiotics was observed, reflecting their potential applications for improving water quality and establishing a healthy aquaculture and fishery section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Brar
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College & Hospital, Tanda, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dixit Sharma
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar Sharma
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kushal Thakur
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Danish Mahajan
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Hutton W, Allman E, McKeown C, Singer AC, Roberts AP. Complete genome sequence of mcr-9 containing Leclercia adecarboxylata. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0048123. [PMID: 37578246 PMCID: PMC10508152 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00481-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we provide the genome sequence of a Leclercia adecarboxylata isolated from a screen of an environmental bacterial isolate library for resistance to the plant flavonoid berberine. We detected the colistin resistance gene mcr-9, located on an IncFII(pECLA) plasmid.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hutton
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom
| | - Ellie Allman
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia McKeown
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C. Singer
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam P. Roberts
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Colangelo C, Tiecco G, Di Gregorio M, Capone S, Allegri RL, De Francesco M, Caccuri F, Caruso A, Castelli F, Focà E. A Rare Case of Multidrug-resistant Leclercia adecarboxylata Catheter-related Bloodstream Infection and an Updated Brief Literature Review. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2023; 15:e2023052. [PMID: 37705522 PMCID: PMC10497311 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2023.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Leclercia adecarboxylata is a gram-negative bacillus, a ubiquitous microorganism, which may be found in both aquatic environments and soil, it was first described by H. Leclerc in 1962 and was reclassified thanks to more sensitive testing methods. L. adecarboxylata has been recently recognized as an emerging pathogen that causes several clinical syndromes not only in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Colangelo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia-ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Tiecco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia-ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Di Gregorio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia-ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Susanna Capone
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Maria De Francesco
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia-ASST Spedali Civili, P. Le Spedali Civili, 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Caccuri
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia-ASST Spedali Civili, P. Le Spedali Civili, 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia-ASST Spedali Civili, P. Le Spedali Civili, 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Castelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia-ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Focà
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia-ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
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Smoglica C, Angelucci S, Di Tana F, Antonucci A, Marsilio F, Di Francesco CE. Antibiotic Resistance in the Apennine Wolf ( Canis lupus italicus): Implications for Wildlife and Human Health. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:950. [PMID: 37370269 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12060950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Apennine wolf (Canis lupus italicus) is a subspecies of gray wolf that is widespread throughout Italy. Due to hunting and habitat loss, their population declined dramatically in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, but conservation efforts improved to restore the species to an estimated population of 3300 individuals. The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Apennine Wolf may pose a risk to its health and survival, as well as the health of other animals in its environment. In this study, we investigated the antibiotic resistance profiles of bacteria collected from Apennine wolves admitted to the Wildlife Research Center of Maiella National Park (Italy) in 2022. A total of 12 bacteria collected from four wolves were isolated and tested for susceptibility to antibiotics used in veterinary medicine and to critically important antibiotics for human health by means of the Vitek 2 system. All isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and six bacteria were multidrug resistant to critically important antibiotics (third-generation cephalosporins, carbapenems and fluoroquinolones). The results of this pilot study have allowed for the characterization of resistant profiles in Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and other bacterial species not previously reported in Apennine wolves. Our findings provide important insights into antibiotic resistance in wildlife and its potential implications for the conservation of biodiversity and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Smoglica
- Post-Graduation School of Animal Health, Breeding and Zootechnical Productions, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano D'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Simone Angelucci
- Post-Graduation School of Animal Health, Breeding and Zootechnical Productions, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano D'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Wildlife Research Center, Maiella National Park, Viale del Vivaio, 65023 Caramanico Terme, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Di Tana
- Wildlife Research Center, Maiella National Park, Viale del Vivaio, 65023 Caramanico Terme, Italy
| | - Antonio Antonucci
- Wildlife Research Center, Maiella National Park, Viale del Vivaio, 65023 Caramanico Terme, Italy
| | - Fulvio Marsilio
- Post-Graduation School of Animal Health, Breeding and Zootechnical Productions, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano D'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Cristina Esmeralda Di Francesco
- Post-Graduation School of Animal Health, Breeding and Zootechnical Productions, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano D'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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Rhoades J, Fotiadou S, Paschalidou G, Papadimitriou T, Ordóñez AÁ, Kormas K, Vardaka E, Likotrafiti E. Microbiota and Cyanotoxin Content of Retail Spirulina Supplements and Spirulina Supplemented Foods. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1175. [PMID: 37317149 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial biomass such as spirulina (Arthrospira spp.) is widely available as a food supplement and can also be added to foods as a nutritionally beneficial ingredient. Spirulina is often produced in open ponds, which are vulnerable to contamination by various microorganisms, including some toxin-producing cyanobacteria. This study examined the microbial population of commercially available spirulina products including for the presence of cyanobacterial toxins. Five products (two supplements, three foods) were examined. The microbial populations were determined by culture methods, followed by identification of isolates using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), and by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of the products themselves and of the total growth on the enumeration plates. Toxin analysis was carried out by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Several potentially pathogenic bacteria were detected in the products, including Bacillus cereus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microcystin toxins were detected in all the products at levels that could lead to consumers exceeding their recommended daily limits. Substantial differences were observed in the identifications obtained using amplicon sequencing and MALDI-TOF, particularly between closely related Bacillus spp. The study showed that there are microbiological safety issues associated with commercial spirulina products that should be addressed, and these are most likely associated with the normal means of production in open ponds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Rhoades
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Food Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stamatia Fotiadou
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Food Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Paschalidou
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Food Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodoti Papadimitriou
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Kormas
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece
- Agricultural Development Institiute, University Research and Innovation Centre "IASON", Argonafton & Filellinon, 38221 Volos, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Vardaka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Likotrafiti
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Food Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Dotis J, Kondou A, Karava V, Sotiriou G, Papadopoulou A, Zarras C, Michailidou C, Vagdatli E, Printza N. Leclercia adecarboxylata in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Systematic Review. Pediatr Rep 2023; 15:293-300. [PMID: 37218925 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric15020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:Leclercia adecarboxylata is a Gram-negative bacillus that can rarely cause infections in humans. We recently treated a case of peritonitis due to L. adecarboxylata in a peritoneal dialysis (PD) pediatric patient, and we systematically reviewed all the relevant reported cases in the literature. Methods: We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases, and we reviewed 13 such cases (2 children, 11 adults) that were reported, including our patient. Results: The mean (±SE) age was 53.2 ± 22.5 years, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 1:1.6. Their mean vintage period on PD prior to L. adecarboxylata peritonitis was 37.5 ± 25.3 months. The VITEK card was the identification diagnostic tool in most cases (63%). The antimicrobial agent that was most frequently used was ceftazidime, which was implemented in 50% of cases as initial therapy, either as a monotherapy or combination therapy; in only two patients (15.3%) was the Tenkhoff catheter removed. The median duration of treatment was 18 days (range of 10-21 days), and all 13 patients that were reviewed were healed. Conclusions: Physicians should be aware that L. adecarboxylata is noted to rarely cause peritonitis in PD patients; however, this pathogen seems to be sensitive to most antimicrobial agents and can result in a favorable outcome with the selection of appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Dotis
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonia Kondou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Karava
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Sotiriou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athina Papadopoulou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charalampos Zarras
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysi Michailidou
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Vagdatli
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Printza
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
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12
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Tamai S, Shimamoto H, Nukazawa K, Suzuki Y. Growth and Decay of Fecal Indicator Bacteria and Changes in the Coliform Composition on the Top Surface Sand of Coastal Beaches during the Rainy Season. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041074. [PMID: 37110497 PMCID: PMC10145847 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High counts of bacteria are present in beach sand, and human health threats attributable to contact with sand have been reported. In this study, we investigated fecal indicator bacteria in the top surface sand of coastal beaches. Monitoring investigations were performed during a monsoon when rainfall occurs randomly, and the composition of the coliforms was analyzed. The coliform count in the top surface sand (depth < 1 cm) increased by approximately 100 fold (26-2.23 × 103 CFU/100 g) with increasing water content because of precipitation. The composition of the coliforms in the top surface sand changed within 24 h of rainfall, with Enterobacter comprising more than 40% of the coliforms. Estimation of factors that changed the bacterial counts and composition revealed that coliform counts tended to increase with increasing water content in the top surface sand. However, the abundance of Enterobacter was independent of the sand surface temperature and water content. Coliform counts in the top surface sand rapidly increased and the composition showed remarkable variations because of the supply of water to the beach following rainfall. Among them, some bacteria with suspected pathogenicity were present. Controlling bacteria in coastal beaches is important for improving public health for beachgoers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Tamai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimamoto
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Kei Nukazawa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Suzuki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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13
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Magnúsdóttir S, Saraiva JP, Bartholomäus A, Soheili M, Toscan RB, Zhang J, Nunes da Rocha U. Metagenome-assembled genomes indicate that antimicrobial resistance genes are highly prevalent among urban bacteria and multidrug and glycopeptide resistances are ubiquitous in most taxa. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1037845. [PMID: 36760505 PMCID: PMC9905122 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1037845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Every year, millions of deaths are associated with the increased spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in bacteria. With the increasing urbanization of the global population, the spread of ARGs in urban bacteria has become a more severe threat to human health. Methods In this study, we used metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) recovered from 1,153 urban metagenomes in multiple urban locations to investigate the fate and occurrence of ARGs in urban bacteria. Additionally, we analyzed the occurrence of these ARGs on plasmids and estimated the virulence of the bacterial species. Results Our results showed that multidrug and glycopeptide ARGs are ubiquitous among urban bacteria. Additionally, we analyzed the deterministic effects of phylogeny on the spread of these ARGs and found ARG classes that have a non-random distribution within the phylogeny of our recovered MAGs. However, few ARGs were found on plasmids and most of the recovered MAGs contained few virulence factors. Discussion Our results suggest that the observed non-random spreads of ARGs are not due to the transfer of plasmids and that most of the bacteria observed in the study are unlikely to be virulent. Additional research is needed to evaluate whether the ubiquitous and widespread ARG classes will become entirely prevalent among urban bacteria and how they spread among phylogenetically distinct species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanía Magnúsdóttir
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany,*Correspondence: Stefanía Magnúsdóttir, ✉
| | - Joao Pedro Saraiva
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Majid Soheili
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rodolfo Brizola Toscan
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Junya Zhang
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ulisses Nunes da Rocha
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany,Ulisses Nunes da Rocha, ✉
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Cross-Over Pathogenic Bacteria Detected in Infected Tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) and Peppers ( Capsicum annuum L.) in Bulgaria. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121507. [PMID: 36558841 PMCID: PMC9783152 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of certain human pathogens to adapt to plants without losing their virulence toward people is a major concern today. Thus, the aim of the present work was the investigation of the presence of cross-over pathogenic bacteria in infected tomato and pepper plants. The objects of the study were 21 samples from seven different parts of the plants and three from tomato rhizosphere. In total, 26 strains were isolated, identified by MALDI-TOF, and phenotypically characterized. The PCR amplification of the rpoB gene was applied as an approach for the rapid detection of cross-over pathogens in plant samples. A great bacterial diversity was revealed from tomato samples as nine species were identified (Leclercia adecarboxylata, Pseudesherichia vulneris, Enterobacter cancerogenus, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter bugandensis, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Pantoea agglomerans, Pantoea ananatis, and Pectobacterium carotovorum). Polymicrobial contaminations were observed in samples T2 (tomato flower) and T10 (tomato fruit). Five species were identified from pepper samples (P. agglomerans, L. adecarboxylata, Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas putida, and Enterococcus sp.). Antibiotic resistance patterns were assigned in accordance with EFSA recommendations. All isolates showed varying resistance to the tested antibiotics. The genetic basis for the phenotypic antibiotic resistance was not revealed. No genes for the virulence factors were found among the population. To our knowledge, this is the first overall investigation of tomato and pepper cross-over pathogenic bacterial populations in Bulgaria.
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Tan R, Yu JQ, Wang J, Zheng RQ. Leclercia adecarboxylata infective endocarditis in a man with mitral stenosis: A case report and review of the literature. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:10670-10680. [PMID: 36312476 PMCID: PMC9602224 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i29.10670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare disease with a high mortality rate. Leclercia adecarboxylata (L. adecarboxylata) is a movable Gram-negative bacillus of enterobacteriaceae, and it can rarely be a pathogen which often affects immunodeficient patients. There are about three cases of immunocompetent patients with monomicrobial L. adecarboxylata infection. There are only three reported cases of IE caused by L. adecarboxylata in the world. The mitral valve is often affected in IE, and the prognosis for IE with mitral valve lesions is often poor.
CASE SUMMARY A 51-year-old man was found to have moderate to severe mitral stenosis on echocardiography. He came to our Cardiothoracic Surgery Department for surgical management. A diastolic murmur was heard on auscultation of the heart in the mitral region. On the second day of hospitalisation, he presented with slurred speech, reduced muscle strength in the left limb, and acute cerebral infarction on cranial computed tomography. Surgical treatment was decided to postpone. On the ninth day of admission, the patient developed a sudden high fever and shock and was transferred to the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, where echocardiogram revealed an anterior mitral valve leaflet vegetation. After empirical anti-infective treatment with vancomycin (1g q12h), an emergency valve replacement was performed. Bacterial culture identified L. adecarboxylata. Anti-infective treatment with piperacillin-tazobactam (4.5g q8h) was added for 4 wk. Follow-up echocardiography showed normal bioprosthetic valve function after mitral valve replacement.
CONCLUSION We report the first case of L. adecarboxylata IE in China, and clinicians should pay attention to this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiang-Quan Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rui-Qiang Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
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