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Wannigama DL, Amarasiri M, Phattharapornjaroen P, Hurst C, Modchang C, Chadsuthi S, Anupong S, Miyanaga K, Cui L, Fernandez S, Huang AT, Ounjai P, Singer AC, Ragupathi NKD, Sano D, Furukawa T, Sei K, Leelahavanichkul A, Kanjanabuch T, Chatsuwan T, Higgins PG, Nanbo A, Kicic A, Siow R, Trowsdale S, Hongsing P, Khatib A, Shibuya K, Abe S, Ishikawa H. Increased faecal shedding in SARS-CoV-2 variants BA.2.86 and JN.1. Lancet Infect Dis 2024:S1473-3099(24)00155-5. [PMID: 38522445 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhammika Leshan Wannigama
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata 990-2292, Japan; Pathogen Hunter's Research Collaborative Team, Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan; Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Yamagata, Japan; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Biofilms and Antimicrobial Resistance Consortium of ODA receiving countries, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Mohan Amarasiri
- Pathogen Hunter's Research Collaborative Team, Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan; Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene, Department of Health Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen
- Pathogen Hunter's Research Collaborative Team, Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan; Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cameron Hurst
- Pathogen Hunter's Research Collaborative Team, Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan; Molly Wardaguga Research Centre, Charles Darwin University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Charin Modchang
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Centre of Excellence in Physics and Centre of Excellence in Mathematics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Chadsuthi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Suparinthon Anupong
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata 990-2292, Japan; Pathogen Hunter's Research Collaborative Team, Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan; Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kazuhiko Miyanaga
- Division of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Longzhu Cui
- Division of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Stefan Fernandez
- Department of Virology, US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Angkana T Huang
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Puey Ounjai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Naveen Kumar Devanga Ragupathi
- Centre of Excellence in Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Microbial Interactions, Department of Research and Development, Bioberrys Healthcare and Research Centre, Vellore, India
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takashi Furukawa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kazunari Sei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Pathogen Hunter's Research Collaborative Team, Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan; Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Talerngsak Kanjanabuch
- Centre of Excellence in Kidney Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Dialysis Policy and Practice Program, School of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Peritoneal Dialysis Excellence Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanittha Chatsuwan
- Centre of Excellence in Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paul G Higgins
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Asuka Nanbo
- The National Research Centre for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Richard Siow
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK; Ageing Research at King's, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sam Trowsdale
- School of Environment, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Parichart Hongsing
- Pathogen Hunter's Research Collaborative Team, Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan; Mae Fah Luang University Hospital, Chiang Rai, Thailand; School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Aisha Khatib
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Shuichi Abe
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata 990-2292, Japan; Pathogen Hunter's Research Collaborative Team, Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan; Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hitoshi Ishikawa
- Pathogen Hunter's Research Collaborative Team, Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
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Anupong S, Chadsuthi S, Hongsing P, Hurst C, Phattharapornjaroen P, Rad S.M. AH, Fernandez S, Huang AT, Vatanaprasan P, Saethang T, Luk-in S, Storer RJ, Ounjai P, Devanga Ragupathi NK, Kanthawee P, Ngamwongsatit N, Badavath VN, Thuptimdang W, Leelahavanichkul A, Kanjanabuch T, Miyanaga K, Cui L, Nanbo A, Shibuya K, Kupwiwat R, Sano D, Furukawa T, Sei K, Higgins PG, Kicic A, Singer AC, Chatsuwan T, Trowsdale S, Abe S, Ishikawa H, Amarasiri M, Modchang C, Wannigama DL. Exploring indoor and outdoor dust as a potential tool for detection and monitoring of COVID-19 transmission. iScience 2024; 27:109043. [PMID: 38375225 PMCID: PMC10875567 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the potential of using SARS-CoV-2 viral concentrations in dust as an additional surveillance tool for early detection and monitoring of COVID-19 transmission. Dust samples were collected from 8 public locations in 16 districts of Bangkok, Thailand, from June to August 2021. SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in dust were quantified, and their correlation with community case incidence was assessed. Our findings revealed a positive correlation between viral concentrations detected in dust and the relative risk of COVID-19. The highest risk was observed with no delay (0-day lag), and this risk gradually decreased as the lag time increased. We observed an overall decline in viral concentrations in public places during lockdown, closely associated with reduced human mobility. The effective reproduction number for COVID-19 transmission remained above one throughout the study period, suggesting that transmission may persist in locations beyond public areas even after the lockdown measures were in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparinthon Anupong
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Chadsuthi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Parichart Hongsing
- Mae Fah Luang University Hospital, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Cameron Hurst
- Molly Wardaguga Research Centre, Charles Darwin University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Statistics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali Hosseini Rad S.M.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago 9010, New Zealand
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Stefan Fernandez
- Department of Virology, U.S. Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Angkana T. Huang
- Department of Virology, U.S. Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Thammakorn Saethang
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Luk-in
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Robin James Storer
- Office of Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Puey Ounjai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naveen Kumar Devanga Ragupathi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Biofilms and Antimicrobial Resistance Consortium of ODA Receiving Countries, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Division of Microbial Interactions, Department of Research and Development, Bioberrys Healthcare and Research Centre, Vellore 632009, India
| | - Phitsanuruk Kanthawee
- Public Health Major, School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Natharin Ngamwongsatit
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Vishnu Nayak Badavath
- School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’s Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Hyderabad 509301, India
| | - Wanwara Thuptimdang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Talerngsak Kanjanabuch
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Kidney Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Dialysis Policy and Practice Program (DiP3), School of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Peritoneal Dialysis Excellence Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kazuhiko Miyanaga
- Division of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Longzhu Cui
- Division of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Asuka Nanbo
- The National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Shibuya
- Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rosalyn Kupwiwat
- Department of Dermatology. Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital. Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takashi Furukawa
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene, Department of Health Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Minato City, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kazunari Sei
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene, Department of Health Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Minato City, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Paul G. Higgins
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley WA 6102, Australia
| | | | - Tanittha Chatsuwan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sam Trowsdale
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Shuichi Abe
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishikawa
- Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Kamiyanagi, Yamagata 990-2212, Japan
| | - Mohan Amarasiri
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene, Department of Health Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Minato City, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Charin Modchang
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Centre of Excellence in Mathematics, MHESI, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Dhammika Leshan Wannigama
- Biofilms and Antimicrobial Resistance Consortium of ODA Receiving Countries, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
- Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Kamiyanagi, Yamagata 990-2212, Japan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Pathogen Hunter’s Research Collaborative Team, Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
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3
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Wannigama DL, Amarasiri M, Phattharapornjaroen P, Hurst C, Modchang C, Chadsuthi S, Anupong S, Miyanaga K, Cui L, Werawatte WKCP, Ali Hosseini Rad SM, Fernandez S, Huang AT, Vatanaprasan P, Saethang T, Luk-In S, Storer RJ, Ounjai P, Tacharoenmuang R, Ragupathi NKD, Kanthawee P, Cynthia B, Besa JJV, Leelahavanichkul A, Kanjanabuch T, Higgins PG, Nanbo A, Kicic A, Singer AC, Chatsuwan T, Trowsdale S, Furukawa T, Sei K, Sano D, Ishikawa H, Shibuya K, Khatib A, Abe S, Hongsing P. Wastewater-based epidemiological surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 new variants BA.2.86 and offspring JN.1 in south and Southeast Asia. J Travel Med 2024:taae040. [PMID: 38438141 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taae040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Discover the shifting landscape of SARS-CoV-2 variants from October to December 2023, with JN.1 dominating South and Southeast Asia wastewater samples, increasing from < 10% to over 90%. Experience the dynamic evolution of viral strains in this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhammika Leshan Wannigama
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Biofilms and Antimicrobial Resistance Consortium of ODA receiving countries, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Pathogen Hunter's Research Collaborative Team, Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Mohan Amarasiri
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene, Department of Health Science, School of Allied Health Sciences/Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kitasato, Sagamihara-Minami, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cameron Hurst
- Molly Wardaguga Research Centre, Charles Darwin University, Queensland, Australia
- Statistics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Charin Modchang
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Centre of Excellence in Mathematics, MHESI, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Chadsuthi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Suparinthon Anupong
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kazuhiko Miyanaga
- Division of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Longzhu Cui
- Division of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - W K C P Werawatte
- Faculty of Medicine, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, and Teaching Hospital Kuliyapitiya, Kuliyapitiya, Sri Lanka
| | - S M Ali Hosseini Rad
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Stefan Fernandez
- Department of Virology, U.S. Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Angkana T Huang
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Porames Vatanaprasan
- Pathogen Hunter's Research Collaborative Team, Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thammakorn Saethang
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Luk-In
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Robin James Storer
- Office of Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Puey Ounjai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Naveen Kumar Devanga Ragupathi
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Microbial Interactions, Department of Research and Development, Bioberrys Healthcare and Research Centre, Vellore-632009, India
| | | | - Bernadina Cynthia
- Department of General Medicine, St. Carolus Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - John Jefferson V Besa
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines and Philippine General Hospital, Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Talerngsak Kanjanabuch
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Kidney Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Dialysis Policy and Practice Program (DiP3), School of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Peritoneal Dialysis Excellence Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paul G Higgins
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Asuka Nanbo
- The National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew C Singer
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Tanittha Chatsuwan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sam Trowsdale
- School of Environment, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Takashi Furukawa
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene, Department of Health Science, School of Allied Health Sciences/Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kitasato, Sagamihara-Minami, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kazunari Sei
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene, Department of Health Science, School of Allied Health Sciences/Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kitasato, Sagamihara-Minami, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishikawa
- Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Kamiyanagi, Yamagata 990-2212, Japan
| | - Kenji Shibuya
- Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aisha Khatib
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shuichi Abe
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Parichart Hongsing
- Mae Fah Luang University Hospital, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
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4
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Srathongneam T, Sresung M, Paisantham P, Ruksakul P, Singer AC, Sukchawalit R, Satayavivad J, Mongkolsuk S, Sirikanchana K. High throughput qPCR unveils shared antibiotic resistance genes in tropical wastewater and river water. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:167867. [PMID: 37879484 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The global challenge posed by rising antimicrobial resistance, and the adoption of a One Health approach, has led to the prioritisation of surveillance for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in various environments. Herein lies an information gap, particularly in the context of Thailand, where there is scarce data on ARG prevalence across diverse environmental matrices and throughout different seasons. This study aimed to fill this void, analysing ARG prevalence by high-throughput qPCR in influent (n = 12) and effluent wastewater (n = 12) and river water (n = 12). The study reveals a substantial and largely uniform presence of ARGs across all water sample types (87 % similarity). Intriguingly, no ARGs were exclusive to specific water types, indicating an extensive circulation of resistance determinants across the aquatic environment. The genes intI1, tnpA, and intI3, part of the integrons and mobile genetic elements group, were detected in high relative abundance in both wastewater and river water samples, suggesting widespread pollution of rivers with wastewater. Additional high-prevalence ARGs across all water types included qepA, aadA2, merA, sul1, qacF/H, sul2, aadB, and ereA. More alarmingly, several ARGs (e.g., blaVIM, intI3, mcr-1, mexB, qepA, vanA, and vanB) showed higher relative abundance in effluent and river water than in influents, which suggests malfunctioning or inadequate wastewater treatment works and implicates this as a possible mechanism for environmental contamination. Nine genes (i.e., blaCTX-M, blaVIM, emrD, ermX, intI1, mphA, qepA, vanA, and vanB) were recovered in greater relative abundance during the dry season in river water samples as compared to the wet season, suggesting there are seasonal impacts on the efficacy of wastewater treatment practices and pollution patterns into receiving waters. This study highlights the urgency for more effective measures to reduce antibiotic resistance dissemination in water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitima Srathongneam
- Program in Applied Biological Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Montakarn Sresung
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Phongsawat Paisantham
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Pacharaporn Ruksakul
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Andrew C Singer
- U.K. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Benson Lane, Wallingford, United Kingdom
| | - Rojana Sukchawalit
- Program in Applied Biological Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jutamaad Satayavivad
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand; Research Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Program in Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Skorn Mongkolsuk
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kwanrawee Sirikanchana
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand.
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5
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Farkas K, Pântea I, Woodhall N, Williams D, Lambert-Slosarska K, Williams RC, Grimsley JMS, Singer AC, Jones DL. Diurnal changes in pathogenic and indicator virus concentrations in wastewater. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:123785-123795. [PMID: 37989946 PMCID: PMC10746776 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been commonly used for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks. As sampling times and methods (i.e. grab vs composite) may vary, diurnal changes of viral concentrations in sewage should be better understood. In this study, we collected untreated wastewater samples hourly for 4 days at two wastewater treatment plants in Wales to establish diurnal patterns in virus concentrations and the physico-chemical properties of the water. Simultaneously, we also trialled three absorbent materials as passive samples as a simple and cost-efficient alternative for the collection of composite samples. Ninety-six percent of all liquid samples (n = 74) and 88% of the passive samplers (n = 59) were positive for SARS-CoV-2, whereas 87% and 97% of the liquid and passive samples were positive for the faecal indicator virus crAssphage, respectively. We found no significant daily variations in the concentration of the target viruses, ammonium and orthophosphate, and the pH and electrical conductivity levels were also stable. Weak positive correlations were found between some physico-chemical properties and viral concentrations. More variation was observed in samples taken from the influent stream as opposed to those taken from the influent tank. Of the absorbent materials trialled as passive samples, we found that tampons provided higher viral recoveries than electronegative filter paper and cotton gauze swabs. For all materials tested, viral recovery was dependent on the virus type. Our results indicate that grab samples may provide representative alternatives to 24-h composite samples if taken from the influent tank, hence reducing the costs of sampling for WBE programmes. Tampons are also viable alternatives for cost-efficient sampling; however, viral recovery should be optimised prior to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kata Farkas
- School of Environmental Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, UK.
| | - Igor Pântea
- School of Environmental Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, UK
| | - Nick Woodhall
- School of Environmental Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, UK
| | - Denis Williams
- School of Environmental Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, UK
| | | | - Rachel C Williams
- School of Environmental Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, UK
| | - Jasmine M S Grimsley
- Data Analytics & Surveillance Division, UK Health Security Agency, 10 South Colonnade, Canary Wharf, London, E14 4PU, UK
- The London Data Company, London, EC2N 2AT, UK
| | - Andrew C Singer
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Davey L Jones
- School of Environmental Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, UK
- Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
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6
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Wannigama DL, Amarasiri M, Phattharapornjaroen P, Hurst C, Modchang C, Chadsuthi S, Anupong S, Miyanaga K, Cui L, Fernandez S, Huang AT, Ounjai P, Tacharoenmuang R, Ragupathi NKD, Sano D, Furukawa T, Sei K, Leelahavanichkul A, Kanjanabuch T, Higgins PG, Nanbo A, Kicic A, Singer AC, Chatsuwan T, Trowsdale S, Khatib A, Shibuya K, Abe S, Ishikawa H, Hongsing P. Tracing the new SARS-CoV-2 variant BA.2.86 in the community through wastewater surveillance in Bangkok, Thailand. Lancet Infect Dis 2023; 23:e464-e466. [PMID: 37813112 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhammika Leshan Wannigama
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Biofilms and Antimicrobial Resistance Consortium of ODA receiving countries, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Pathogen Hunter's Research Collaborative Team, Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan.
| | - Mohan Amarasiri
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene, Department of Health Science, School of Allied Health Sciences/Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kitasato, Sagamihara-Minami 252-0373, Japan.
| | - Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cameron Hurst
- Molly Wardaguga Research Centre, Charles Darwin University, QLD, Australia; Statistics Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Charin Modchang
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Centre of Excellence in Mathematics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand; Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Sudarat Chadsuthi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Suparinthon Anupong
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kazuhiko Miyanaga
- Division of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Longzhu Cui
- Division of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Stefan Fernandez
- Department of Virology, US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Angkana T Huang
- Department of Virology, US Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Puey Ounjai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Naveen Kumar Devanga Ragupathi
- Biofilms and Antimicrobial Resistance Consortium of ODA receiving countries, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Division of Microbial Interactions, Department of Research and Development, Bioberrys Healthcare and Research Centre, Vellore, India
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takashi Furukawa
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene, Department of Health Science, School of Allied Health Sciences/Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kitasato, Sagamihara-Minami 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kazunari Sei
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene, Department of Health Science, School of Allied Health Sciences/Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kitasato, Sagamihara-Minami 252-0373, Japan
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Talerngsak Kanjanabuch
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Kidney Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Dialysis Policy and Practice Program, School of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Peritoneal Dialysis Excellence Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paul G Higgins
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Asuka Nanbo
- The National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia; School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | | | - Tanittha Chatsuwan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sam Trowsdale
- School of Environment, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Aisha Khatib
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kenji Shibuya
- Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Abe
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishikawa
- Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Kamiyanagi, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Parichart Hongsing
- Mae Fah Luang University Hospital, Chiang Rai, Thailand; School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
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7
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Hutton W, Allman E, McKeown C, Singer AC, Roberts AP. Complete genome sequence of mcr-9 containing Leclercia adecarboxylata. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0048123. [PMID: 37578246 PMCID: PMC10508152 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00481-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we provide the genome sequence of a Leclercia adecarboxylata isolated from a screen of an environmental bacterial isolate library for resistance to the plant flavonoid berberine. We detected the colistin resistance gene mcr-9, located on an IncFII(pECLA) plasmid.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hutton
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom
| | - Ellie Allman
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia McKeown
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C. Singer
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam P. Roberts
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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8
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Wannigama DL, Amarasiri M, Phattharapornjaroen P, Hurst C, Modchang C, Chadsuthi S, Anupong S, Miyanaga K, Cui L, Thuptimdang W, Ali Hosseini Rad SM, Fernandez S, Huang AT, Vatanaprasan P, Jay DJ, Saethang T, Luk-In S, Storer RJ, Ounjai P, Ragupathi NKD, Kanthawee P, Sano D, Furukawa T, Sei K, Leelahavanichkul A, Kanjanabuch T, Higgins PG, Nanbo A, Kicic A, Singer AC, Chatsuwan T, Trowsdale S, Siow R, Shibuya K, Abe S, Ishikawa H, Hongsing P. Tracing the transmission of mpox through wastewater surveillance in Southeast Asia. J Travel Med 2023; 30:taad096. [PMID: 37462504 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taad096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
High population density and tourism in Southeast Asia increase the risk of mpox due to frequent interpersonal contacts. Our wastewater surveillance in six Southeast Asian countries revealed positive signals for Monkeypox virus (MPXV) DNA, indicating local transmission. This alerts clinicians and helps allocate resources like testing, vaccines and therapeutics in resource-limited countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhammika Leshan Wannigama
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Aoyagi, Yamagata, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, Thailand
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Biofilms and Antimicrobial Resistance Consortium of ODA receiving countries, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
- Pathogen Hunter's Research Collaborative Team, Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Aoyagi, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Mohan Amarasiri
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene, Department of Health Science, School of Allied Health Sciences/Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara-Minami, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Universitetsplatsen 1, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cameron Hurst
- Molly Wardaguga Research Centre, Charles Darwin University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Statistics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Charin Modchang
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre of Excellence in Mathematics, MHESI, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Chadsuthi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Mueang Phitsanulok District, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Suparinthon Anupong
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kazuhiko Miyanaga
- Division of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Longzhu Cui
- Division of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Wanwara Thuptimdang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - S M Ali Hosseini Rad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Stefan Fernandez
- Department of Virology, U.S. Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Angkana T Huang
- Department of Virology, U.S. Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Porames Vatanaprasan
- Division of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Dylan John Jay
- Pathogen Hunter's Research Collaborative Team, Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Aoyagi, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Thammakorn Saethang
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Luk-In
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon District, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Robin James Storer
- Office of Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Puey Ounjai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naveen Kumar Devanga Ragupathi
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Biofilms and Antimicrobial Resistance Consortium of ODA receiving countries, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Phitsanuruk Kanthawee
- Public Health major, School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Mueang Chiang Rai District, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takashi Furukawa
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene, Department of Health Science, School of Allied Health Sciences/Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara-Minami, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazunari Sei
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene, Department of Health Science, School of Allied Health Sciences/Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara-Minami, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, Thailand
- Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Talerngsak Kanjanabuch
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Kidney Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, Thailand
- Dialysis Policy and Practice Program (DiP3), School of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, Thailand
- Peritoneal Dialysis Excellence Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paul G Higgins
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, Cologne, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner site Bonn-Cologne, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, Cologne, Germany
| | - Asuka Nanbo
- The National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Bentley, 6102, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew C Singer
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, UK
| | - Tanittha Chatsuwan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sam Trowsdale
- School of Environmental Science, University of Auckland, Auckland CBD, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Siow
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, Denmark Hill Campus, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, UK
- Vascular Biology and Inflammation Section, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, Denmark Hill Campus, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, UK
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Broad St, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Shuichi Abe
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Aoyagi, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishikawa
- Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Aoyagi, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Parichart Hongsing
- Mae Fah Luang University Hospital, Mueang Chiang Rai,Chiang Rai, Thailand
- School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Mueang Chiang Rai,Chiang Rai, Thailand
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9
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Shelton JMG, Rhodes J, Uzzell CB, Hemmings S, Brackin AP, Sewell TR, Alghamdi A, Dyer PS, Fraser M, Borman AM, Johnson EM, Piel FB, Singer AC, Fisher MC. Citizen science reveals landscape-scale exposures to multiazole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus bioaerosols. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadh8839. [PMID: 37478175 PMCID: PMC10361594 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh8839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Using a citizen science approach, we identify a country-wide exposure to aerosolized spores of a human fungal pathogen, Aspergillus fumigatus, that has acquired resistance to the agricultural fungicide tebuconazole and first-line azole clinical antifungal drugs. Genomic analysis shows no distinction between resistant genotypes found in the environment and in patients, indicating that at least 40% of azole-resistant A. fumigatus infections are acquired from environmental exposures. Hotspots and coldspots of aerosolized azole-resistant spores were not stable between seasonal sampling periods. This suggests a high degree of atmospheric mixing resulting in an estimated per capita cumulative annual exposure of 21 days (±2.6). Because of the ubiquity of this measured exposure, it is imperative that we determine sources of azole-resistant A. fumigatus to reduce treatment failure in patients with aspergillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. G. Shelton
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Johanna Rhodes
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Christopher B. Uzzell
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Samuel Hemmings
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Amelie P. Brackin
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas R. Sewell
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Asmaa Alghamdi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul S. Dyer
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mark Fraser
- UK National Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Infections Service, Public Health England, Science Quarter, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew M. Borman
- UK National Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Infections Service, Public Health England, Science Quarter, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Elizabeth M. Johnson
- UK National Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Infections Service, Public Health England, Science Quarter, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Frédéric B. Piel
- NIHR HPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Matthew C. Fisher
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
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10
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Wannigama DL, Amarasiri M, Hongsing P, Hurst C, Modchang C, Chadsuthi S, Anupong S, Phattharapornjaroen P, Rad S. M. AH, Fernandez S, Huang AT, Vatanaprasan P, Jay DJ, Saethang T, Luk-in S, Storer RJ, Ounjai P, Devanga Ragupathi NK, Kanthawee P, Sano D, Furukawa T, Sei K, Leelahavanichkul A, Kanjanabuch T, Hirankarn N, Higgins PG, Kicic A, Singer AC, Chatsuwan T, Trowsdale S, Abe S, McLellan AD, Ishikawa H. COVID-19 monitoring with sparse sampling of sewered and non-sewered wastewater in urban and rural communities. iScience 2023; 26:107019. [PMID: 37351501 PMCID: PMC10250052 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Equitable SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in low-resource communities lacking centralized sewers is critical as wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) progresses. However, large-scale studies on SARS-CoV-2 detection in wastewater from low-and middle-income countries is limited because of economic and technical reasons. In this study, wastewater samples were collected twice a month from 186 urban and rural subdistricts in nine provinces of Thailand mostly having decentralized and non-sewered sanitation infrastructure and analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA variants using allele-specific RT-qPCR. Wastewater SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration was used to estimate the real-time incidence and time-varying effective reproduction number (Re). Results showed an increase in SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in wastewater from urban and rural areas 14-20 days earlier than infected individuals were officially reported. It also showed that community/food markets were "hot spots" for infected people. This approach offers an opportunity for early detection of transmission surges, allowing preparedness and potentially mitigating significant outbreaks at both spatial and temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhammika Leshan Wannigama
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Biofilms and Antimicrobial Resistance Consortium of ODA receiving countries, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Pathogen Hunter’s Research Collaborative Team, Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Mohan Amarasiri
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene, Department of Health Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kitasato, Sagamihara-Minami, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Parichart Hongsing
- Mae Fah Luang University Hospital, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Cameron Hurst
- Molly Wardaguga Research Centre, Charles Darwin University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Statistics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Charin Modchang
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Centre of Excellence in Mathematics, MHESI, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Chadsuthi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Suparinthon Anupong
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali Hosseini Rad S. M.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago 9010, New Zealand
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Stefan Fernandez
- Department of Virology, U.S. Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Angkana T. Huang
- Department of Virology, U.S. Army Medical Directorate, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Dylan John Jay
- Pathogen Hunter’s Research Collaborative Team, Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Thammakorn Saethang
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Luk-in
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Robin James Storer
- Office of Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Puey Ounjai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naveen Kumar Devanga Ragupathi
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Phitsanuruk Kanthawee
- Public Health major, School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takashi Furukawa
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene, Department of Health Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kitasato, Sagamihara-Minami, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kazunari Sei
- Laboratory of Environmental Hygiene, Department of Health Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kitasato, Sagamihara-Minami, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
- Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Talerngsak Kanjanabuch
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Kidney Metabolic Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Dialysis Policy and Practice Program (DiP3), School of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Peritoneal Dialysis Excellence Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Paul G. Higgins
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | | | - Tanittha Chatsuwan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sam Trowsdale
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Shuichi Abe
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Alexander D. McLellan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago 9010, New Zealand
| | - Hitoshi Ishikawa
- Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Kamiyanagi, Yamagata 990-2212, Japan
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11
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Cocker D, Chidziwisano K, Mphasa M, Mwapasa T, Lewis JM, Rowlingson B, Sammarro M, Bakali W, Salifu C, Zuza A, Charles M, Mandula T, Maiden V, Amos S, Jacob ST, Kajumbula H, Mugisha L, Musoke D, Byrne R, Edwards T, Lester R, Elviss N, Roberts AP, Singer AC, Jewell C, Morse T, Feasey NA. Investigating One Health risks for human colonisation with extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Malawian households: a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Microbe 2023; 4:e534-e543. [PMID: 37207684 PMCID: PMC10319635 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-income countries have high morbidity and mortality from drug-resistant infections, especially from enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli. In these settings, sanitation infrastructure is of variable and often inadequate quality, creating risks of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales transmission. We aimed to describe the prevalence, distribution, and risks of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales colonisation in sub-Saharan Africa using a One Health approach. METHODS Between April 29, 2019, and Dec 3, 2020, we recruited 300 households in Malawi for this longitudinal cohort study: 100 each in urban, peri-urban, and rural settings. All households underwent a baseline visit and 195 were selected for longitudinal follow-up, comprising up to three additional visits over a 6 month period. Data on human health, antibiotic usage, health-seeking behaviours, structural and behavioural environmental health practices, and animal husbandry were captured alongside human, animal, and environmental samples. Microbiological processing determined the presence of ESBL-producing E coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and hierarchical logistic regression was performed to evaluate the risks of human ESBL-producing Enterobacterales colonisation. FINDINGS A paucity of environmental health infrastructure and materials for safe sanitation was identified across all sites. A total of 11 975 samples were cultured, and ESBL-producing Enterobacterales were isolated from 1190 (41·8%) of 2845 samples of human stool, 290 (29·8%) of 973 samples of animal stool, 339 (66·2%) of 512 samples of river water, and 138 (46·0%) of 300 samples of drain water. Multivariable models illustrated that human ESBL-producing E coli colonisation was associated with the wet season (adjusted odds ratio 1·66, 95% credible interval 1·38-2·00), living in urban areas (2·01, 1·26-3·24), advanced age (1·14, 1·05-1·25), and living in households where animals were observed interacting with food (1·62, 1·17-2·28) or kept inside (1·58, 1·00-2·43). Human ESBL-producing K pneumoniae colonisation was associated with the wet season (2·12, 1·63-2·76). INTERPRETATION There are extremely high levels of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales colonisation in humans and animals and extensive contamination of the wider environment in southern Malawi. Urbanisation and seasonality are key risks for ESBL-producing Enterobacterales colonisation, probably reflecting environmental drivers. Without adequate efforts to improve environmental health, ESBL-producing Enterobacterales transmission is likely to persist in this setting. FUNDING Medical Research Council, National Institute for Health and Care Research, and Wellcome Trust. TRANSLATION For the Chichewa translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Cocker
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Kondwani Chidziwisano
- Centre for Water, Sanitation, Health and Appropriate Technology Development, Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Madalitso Mphasa
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Taonga Mwapasa
- Centre for Water, Sanitation, Health and Appropriate Technology Development, Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Joseph M Lewis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK; Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Barry Rowlingson
- Centre for Health Informatics Computing and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Melodie Sammarro
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK; Centre for Health Informatics Computing and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Winnie Bakali
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Chifundo Salifu
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Allan Zuza
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Mary Charles
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Tamandani Mandula
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Victor Maiden
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Stevie Amos
- Centre for Water, Sanitation, Health and Appropriate Technology Development, Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Shevin T Jacob
- Global Health Security Department, Infectious Disease Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Henry Kajumbula
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lawrence Mugisha
- College of Health Sciences, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Conservation and Ecosystem Health Alliance, Kampala, Uganda
| | - David Musoke
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rachel Byrne
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Thomas Edwards
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rebecca Lester
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nicola Elviss
- Science Group, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Adam P Roberts
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Christopher Jewell
- Centre for Health Informatics Computing and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Tracy Morse
- Centre for Water, Sanitation, Health and Appropriate Technology Development, Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nicholas A Feasey
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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12
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Stockdale SR, Blanchard AM, Nayak A, Husain A, Nashine R, Dudani H, McClure CP, Tarr AW, Nag A, Meena E, Sinha V, Shrivastava SK, Hill C, Singer AC, Gomes RL, Acheampong E, Chidambaram SB, Bhatnagar T, Vetrivel U, Arora S, Kashyap RS, Monaghan TM. RNA-Seq of untreated wastewater to assess COVID-19 and emerging and endemic viruses for public health surveillance. Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia 2023; 14:100205. [PMID: 37193348 PMCID: PMC10150210 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic showcased the power of genomic sequencing to tackle the emergence and spread of infectious diseases. However, metagenomic sequencing of total microbial RNAs in wastewater has the potential to assess multiple infectious diseases simultaneously and has yet to be explored. Methods A retrospective RNA-Seq epidemiological survey of 140 untreated composite wastewater samples was performed across urban (n = 112) and rural (n = 28) areas of Nagpur, Central India. Composite wastewater samples were prepared by pooling 422 individual grab samples collected prospectively from sewer lines of urban municipality zones and open drains of rural areas from 3rd February to 3rd April 2021, during the second COVID-19 wave in India. Samples were pre-processed and total RNA was extracted prior to genomic sequencing. Findings This is the first study that has utilised culture and/or probe-independent unbiased RNA-Seq to examine Indian wastewater samples. Our findings reveal the detection of zoonotic viruses including chikungunya, Jingmen tick and rabies viruses, which have not previously been reported in wastewater. SARS-CoV-2 was detectable in 83 locations (59%), with stark abundance variations observed between sampling sites. Hepatitis C virus was the most frequently detected infectious virus, identified in 113 locations and co-occurring 77 times with SARS-CoV-2; and both were more abundantly detected in rural areas than urban zones. Concurrent identification of segmented virus genomic fragments of influenza A virus, norovirus, and rotavirus was observed. Geographical differences were also observed for astrovirus, saffold virus, husavirus, and aichi virus that were more prevalent in urban samples, while the zoonotic viruses chikungunya and rabies, were more abundant in rural environments. Interpretation RNA-Seq can effectively detect multiple infectious diseases simultaneously, facilitating geographical and epidemiological surveys of endemic viruses that could help direct healthcare interventions against emergent and pre-existent infectious diseases as well as cost-effectively and qualitatively characterising the health status of the population over time. Funding UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) grant number H54810, as supported by Research England.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam M. Blanchard
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amit Nayak
- Research Centre, Dr G.M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences (CIIMS), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aliabbas Husain
- Research Centre, Dr G.M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences (CIIMS), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rupam Nashine
- Research Centre, Dr G.M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences (CIIMS), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hemanshi Dudani
- Research Centre, Dr G.M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences (CIIMS), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - C. Patrick McClure
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander W. Tarr
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Queen's Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aditi Nag
- Dr. B. Lal Institute of Biotechnology, 6-E, Malviya Industrial Area, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur, India
| | - Ekta Meena
- Dr. B. Lal Institute of Biotechnology, 6-E, Malviya Industrial Area, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur, India
| | - Vikky Sinha
- Dr. B. Lal Institute of Biotechnology, 6-E, Malviya Industrial Area, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur, India
| | - Sandeep K. Shrivastava
- Centre for Innovation, Research & Development, Dr. B. Lal Clinical Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Malviya Industrial Area, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur, India
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Andrew C. Singer
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel L. Gomes
- Food Water Waste Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Acheampong
- Food Water Waste Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Ghana, P.O. Box, LG 115, Legon, Ghana
| | - Saravana B. Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, 570015, KA, India
| | - Tarun Bhatnagar
- ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Umashankar Vetrivel
- National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research, Belagavi, 590010, India
- Virology and Biotechnology Division, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, 600031, India
| | - Sudipti Arora
- Dr. B. Lal Institute of Biotechnology, 6-E, Malviya Industrial Area, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur, India
| | - Rajpal Singh Kashyap
- Research Centre, Dr G.M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences (CIIMS), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tanya M. Monaghan
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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13
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Hassard F, Vu M, Rahimzadeh S, Castro-Gutierrez V, Stanton I, Burczynska B, Wildeboer D, Baio G, Brown MR, Garelick H, Hofman J, Kasprzyk-Hordern B, Majeed A, Priest S, Denise H, Khalifa M, Bassano I, Wade MJ, Grimsley J, Lundy L, Singer AC, Di Cesare M. Wastewater monitoring for detection of public health markers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Near-source monitoring of schools in England over an academic year. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286259. [PMID: 37252922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schools are high-risk settings for infectious disease transmission. Wastewater monitoring for infectious diseases has been used to identify and mitigate outbreaks in many near-source settings during the COVID-19 pandemic, including universities and hospitals but less is known about the technology when applied for school health protection. This study aimed to implement a wastewater surveillance system to detect SARS-CoV-2 and other public health markers from wastewater in schools in England. METHODS A total of 855 wastewater samples were collected from 16 schools (10 primary, 5 secondary and 1 post-16 and further education) over 10 months of school term time. Wastewater was analysed for SARS-CoV-2 genomic copies of N1 and E genes by RT-qPCR. A subset of wastewater samples was sent for genomic sequencing, enabling determination of the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and emergence of variant(s) contributing to COVID-19 infections within schools. In total, >280 microbial pathogens and >1200 AMR genes were screened using RT-qPCR and metagenomics to consider the utility of these additional targets to further inform on health threats within the schools. RESULTS We report on wastewater-based surveillance for COVID-19 within English primary, secondary and further education schools over a full academic year (October 2020 to July 2021). The highest positivity rate (80.4%) was observed in the week commencing 30th November 2020 during the emergence of the Alpha variant, indicating most schools contained people who were shedding the virus. There was high SARS-CoV-2 amplicon concentration (up to 9.2x106 GC/L) detected over the summer term (8th June - 6th July 2021) during Delta variant prevalence. The summer increase of SARS-CoV-2 in school wastewater was reflected in age-specific clinical COVID-19 cases. Alpha variant and Delta variant were identified in the wastewater by sequencing of samples collected from December to March and June to July, respectively. Lead/lag analysis between SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in school and WWTP data sets show a maximum correlation between the two-time series when school data are lagged by two weeks. Furthermore, wastewater sample enrichment coupled with metagenomic sequencing and rapid informatics enabled the detection of other clinically relevant viral and bacterial pathogens and AMR. CONCLUSIONS Passive wastewater monitoring surveillance in schools can identify cases of COVID-19. Samples can be sequenced to monitor for emerging and current variants of concern at the resolution of school catchments. Wastewater based monitoring for SARS-CoV-2 is a useful tool for SARS-CoV-2 passive surveillance and could be applied for case identification and containment, and mitigation in schools and other congregate settings with high risks of transmission. Wastewater monitoring enables public health authorities to develop targeted prevention and education programmes for hygiene measures within undertested communities across a broad range of use cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Hassard
- Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Milan Vu
- Department of Natural Science, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shadi Rahimzadeh
- Department of Natural Science, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Castro-Gutierrez
- Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
- Environmental Pollution Research Centre (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Isobel Stanton
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom
| | - Beata Burczynska
- Department of Natural Science, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Wildeboer
- Department of Natural Science, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gianluca Baio
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew R Brown
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
- Environmental Monitoring for Health Protection, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hemda Garelick
- Department of Natural Science, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Hofman
- Water Innovation & Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern
- Water Innovation & Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Azeem Majeed
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Priest
- Department of Natural Science, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hubert Denise
- Environmental Monitoring for Health Protection, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Khalifa
- Environmental Monitoring for Health Protection, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Bassano
- Environmental Monitoring for Health Protection, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Wade
- Environmental Monitoring for Health Protection, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmine Grimsley
- Environmental Monitoring for Health Protection, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lian Lundy
- Department of Natural Science, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C Singer
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom
| | - Mariachiara Di Cesare
- Department of Natural Science, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Public Health and Wellbeing, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
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14
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Glover RE, Singer AC, Roberts AP, Kirchhelle C. The antibiotic subscription model: fostering innovation or repackaging old drugs? Lancet Microbe 2023; 4:e2-e3. [PMID: 36154717 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Glover
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Adam P Roberts
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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15
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Arikan T, Weiss A, Vishnu H, Deane GB, Singer AC, Wornell GW. An architecture for passive joint localization and structure learning in reverberant environments. J Acoust Soc Am 2023; 153:665. [PMID: 36732226 DOI: 10.1121/10.0016999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Passive localization and tracking of a mobile emitter, and joint learning of its reverberant three-dimensional (3D) acoustic environment, where critical structural features are unknown, is a key open problem. Unaccounted-for occluders are potentially present, so that the emitter can lose line-of-sight to the receivers, and can only be observed through its reflected raypaths. The locations of reflective boundaries must therefore be jointly estimated with the emitter's position. A multistage global optimization and tracking architecture is developed to solve this problem with a relatively unconstrained model. Each stage of this architecture establishes domain knowledge such as synchronization and initial environment estimation, which are inputs for the following stages of more refined algorithms. This approach is generalizable to different physical scales and modalities and improves on methods that do not exploit the motion of the emitter. In one stage of this architecture, particle swarm optimization is used to simultaneously estimate the environment and the emitter location. In another stage, a Hough transform-inspired boundary localization algorithm is extended to 3D settings, to establish an initial estimate of the environment. The performance of this holistic approach is analyzed and its reliability is demonstrated in a reverberant watertank testbed, which models the shallow-water underwater acoustic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toros Arikan
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Amir Weiss
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Hari Vishnu
- Acoustic Research Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119222
| | - Grant B Deane
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Andrew C Singer
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61820, USA
| | - Gregory W Wornell
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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16
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Tabak G, Oelze ML, Singer AC. Effects of acoustic nonlinearity on communication performance in soft tissues. J Acoust Soc Am 2022; 152:3583. [PMID: 36586861 PMCID: PMC9759358 DOI: 10.1121/10.0015402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic communication has been gaining traction as an alternative communication method in nontraditional media, such as underwater or through tissue. Acoustic propagation is known to be a nonlinear phenomenon; nonlinear propagation of acoustic waves in soft tissues at biomedical frequencies and intensities has been widely demonstrated. However, the effects of acoustic nonlinearity on communication performance in biological tissues have not yet been examined. In this work, nonlinear propagation of a communication signal in soft tissues is analyzed. The relationship between communication parameters (signal amplitude, bandwidth, and center frequency) and nonlinear distortion of the communication signal propagating in soft tissues with different acoustic properties is investigated. Simulated experiments revealed that, unlike linear channels, bit error rates increase as signal amplitude and bandwidth increase. Linear and decision feedback equalizers fail to address the increased error rates. When tissue properties and transmission parameters can be estimated, receivers based on maximum likelihood sequence estimation approach the performance of an ideal receiver in an ideal additive white Gaussian noise channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Tabak
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Michael L Oelze
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Andrew C Singer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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17
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Robins PE, Dickson N, Kevill JL, Malham SK, Singer AC, Quilliam RS, Jones DL. Predicting the dispersal of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from the wastewater treatment plant to the coast. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10547. [PMID: 36091966 PMCID: PMC9448708 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral pathogens including SARS-CoV-2 RNA have been detected in wastewater treatment effluent, and untreated sewage overflows, that pose an exposure hazard to humans. We assessed whether SARS-CoV-2 RNA was likely to have been present in detectable quantities in UK rivers and estuaries during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. We simulated realistic viral concentrations parameterised on the Camel and Conwy catchments (UK) and their populations, showing detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations for untreated but not for treated loading, but also being contingent on viral decay, hydrology, catchment type/shape, and location. Under mean or low river flow conditions, viral RNA concentrated within the estuaries allowing for viral build-up and caused a lag by up to several weeks between the peak in community infections and the viral peak in the environment. There was an increased hazard posed by SARS-CoV-2 RNA with a T90 decay rate >24 h, as the estuarine build-up effect increased. High discharge events transported the viral RNA downstream and offshore, increasing the exposure risk to coastal bathing waters and shellfisheries – although dilution in this case reduced viral concentrations well below detectable levels. Our results highlight the sensitivity of exposure to viral pathogens downstream of wastewater treatment, across a range of viral loadings and catchment characteristics – with implications to environmental surveillance. SARS-CoV-2 RNA from treated sewage unlikely to be detectable in estuaries. SARS-CoV-2 RNA from untreated sewage can be detectable in estuaries. Peak RNA concentration in estuaries can be delayed from peak community infection. RNA concentration is sensitive to viral loading, decay, hydrology, and estuary shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E. Robins
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK
- Corresponding author.
| | - Neil Dickson
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Jessica L. Kevill
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Shelagh K. Malham
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK
| | | | - Richard S. Quilliam
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Davey L. Jones
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
- Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6105, Australia
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18
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Morvan M, Jacomo AL, Souque C, Wade MJ, Hoffmann T, Pouwels K, Lilley C, Singer AC, Porter J, Evens NP, Walker DI, Bunce JT, Engeli A, Grimsley J, O'Reilly KM, Danon L. An analysis of 45 large-scale wastewater sites in England to estimate SARS-CoV-2 community prevalence. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4313. [PMID: 35879277 PMCID: PMC9312315 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31753-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate surveillance of the COVID-19 pandemic can be weakened by under-reporting of cases, particularly due to asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic infections, resulting in bias. Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater can be used to infer infection prevalence, but uncertainty in sensitivity and considerable variability has meant that accurate measurement remains elusive. Here, we use data from 45 sewage sites in England, covering 31% of the population, and estimate SARS-CoV-2 prevalence to within 1.1% of estimates from representative prevalence surveys (with 95% confidence). Using machine learning and phenomenological models, we show that differences between sampled sites, particularly the wastewater flow rate, influence prevalence estimation and require careful interpretation. We find that SARS-CoV-2 signals in wastewater appear 4-5 days earlier in comparison to clinical testing data but are coincident with prevalence surveys suggesting that wastewater surveillance can be a leading indicator for symptomatic viral infections. Surveillance for viruses in wastewater complements and strengthens clinical surveillance, with significant implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Morvan
- Data, Analytics, and Surveillance Group, UK Health Security Agency (Formerly part of the Joint Biosecurity Centre, Department of Health and Social Care), London, SW1P 3JR, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Anna Lo Jacomo
- Data, Analytics, and Surveillance Group, UK Health Security Agency (Formerly part of the Joint Biosecurity Centre, Department of Health and Social Care), London, SW1P 3JR, UK
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, Ada Lovelace Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TW, UK
| | - Celia Souque
- Data, Analytics, and Surveillance Group, UK Health Security Agency (Formerly part of the Joint Biosecurity Centre, Department of Health and Social Care), London, SW1P 3JR, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - Matthew J Wade
- Data, Analytics, and Surveillance Group, UK Health Security Agency (Formerly part of the Joint Biosecurity Centre, Department of Health and Social Care), London, SW1P 3JR, UK
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Till Hoffmann
- Data, Analytics, and Surveillance Group, UK Health Security Agency (Formerly part of the Joint Biosecurity Centre, Department of Health and Social Care), London, SW1P 3JR, UK
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Koen Pouwels
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at University of Oxford in partnership with Public Health England, Oxford, UK
- Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chris Lilley
- Data, Analytics, and Surveillance Group, UK Health Security Agency (Formerly part of the Joint Biosecurity Centre, Department of Health and Social Care), London, SW1P 3JR, UK
| | - Andrew C Singer
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Jonathan Porter
- Environment Agency, National Monitoring, Starcross, Exeter, EX6 8FD, UK
| | - Nicholas P Evens
- Environment Agency, National Monitoring, Starcross, Exeter, EX6 8FD, UK
| | - David I Walker
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Joshua T Bunce
- Data, Analytics, and Surveillance Group, UK Health Security Agency (Formerly part of the Joint Biosecurity Centre, Department of Health and Social Care), London, SW1P 3JR, UK
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
- Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, London, SW1P 4DF, UK
| | - Andrew Engeli
- Data, Analytics, and Surveillance Group, UK Health Security Agency (Formerly part of the Joint Biosecurity Centre, Department of Health and Social Care), London, SW1P 3JR, UK
| | - Jasmine Grimsley
- Data, Analytics, and Surveillance Group, UK Health Security Agency (Formerly part of the Joint Biosecurity Centre, Department of Health and Social Care), London, SW1P 3JR, UK
| | - Kathleen M O'Reilly
- Data, Analytics, and Surveillance Group, UK Health Security Agency (Formerly part of the Joint Biosecurity Centre, Department of Health and Social Care), London, SW1P 3JR, UK.
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases & Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Leon Danon
- Data, Analytics, and Surveillance Group, UK Health Security Agency (Formerly part of the Joint Biosecurity Centre, Department of Health and Social Care), London, SW1P 3JR, UK
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, Ada Lovelace Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TW, UK
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19
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Castro-Gutierrez V, Hassard F, Vu M, Leitao R, Burczynska B, Wildeboer D, Stanton I, Rahimzadeh S, Baio G, Garelick H, Hofman J, Kasprzyk-Hordern B, Kwiatkowska R, Majeed A, Priest S, Grimsley J, Lundy L, Singer AC, Di Cesare M. Monitoring occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 in school populations: A wastewater-based approach. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270168. [PMID: 35714109 PMCID: PMC9205509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical testing of children in schools is challenging, with economic implications limiting its frequent use as a monitoring tool of the risks assumed by children and staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, a wastewater-based epidemiology approach has been used to monitor 16 schools (10 primary, 5 secondary and 1 post-16 and further education) in England. A total of 296 samples over 9 weeks have been analysed for N1 and E genes using qPCR methods. Of the samples returned, 47.3% were positive for one or both genes with a detection frequency in line with the respective local community. WBE offers a low cost, non-invasive approach for supplementing clinical testing and can provide longitudinal insights that are impractical with traditional clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Castro-Gutierrez
- Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
- Environmental Pollution Research Center (CICA), University of Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | | | - Milan Vu
- Department of Natural Science, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rodrigo Leitao
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beata Burczynska
- Department of Natural Science, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Wildeboer
- Department of Natural Science, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isobel Stanton
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom
| | - Shadi Rahimzadeh
- Department of Natural Science, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gianluca Baio
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hemda Garelick
- Department of Natural Science, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Hofman
- Water Innovation & Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern
- Water Innovation & Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Kwiatkowska
- School of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Field Services, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Azeem Majeed
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Priest
- Department of Natural Science, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmine Grimsley
- Joint Biosecurity Centre, Department for Health and Social Care, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lian Lundy
- Department of Natural Science, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C. Singer
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom
| | - Mariachiara Di Cesare
- Institute of Public Health and Wellbeing, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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20
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Weldon I, Rogers Van Katwyk S, Burci GL, Giur D, de Campos TC, Eccleston-Turner M, Fryer HR, Giubilini A, Hale T, Harrison M, Johnson S, Kirchhelle C, Lee K, Liddell K, Mendelson M, Ooms G, Orbinski J, Piddock LJV, Røttingen JA, Savulescu J, Singer AC, Viens AM, Wenham C, Wiktorowicz ME, Zaidi S, Hoffman SJ. Governing Global Antimicrobial Resistance: 6 Key Lessons From the Paris Climate Agreement. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:553-557. [PMID: 35319963 PMCID: PMC8961837 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2021.306695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Weldon
- Isaac Weldon, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, A. M. Viens, and Steven J. Hoffman are with the Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gian Luca Burci is with the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. Thana C. de Campos is with the School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Mark Eccleston-Turner is with the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom. Helen R. Fryer is with the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Alberto Giubilini and Julian Savulescu are with the Oxford Martin School and the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. Thomas Hale is with the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Mark Harrison is with the Faculty of History and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. Stephanie Johnson is with the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities and Ethox Centre, University of Oxford. Claas Kirchhelle is with the School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Kelley Lee is with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Kathleen Liddell is with the Centre for Law, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Marc Mendelson is with the Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Gorik Ooms is with the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. James Orbinski and Mary E. Wiktorowicz are with the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University. Laura J. V. Piddock is with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland. John-Arne Røttingen is with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo, Norway. Andrew C. Singer is with the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Clare Wenham is with the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Shehla Zaidi is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Susan Rogers Van Katwyk
- Isaac Weldon, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, A. M. Viens, and Steven J. Hoffman are with the Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gian Luca Burci is with the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. Thana C. de Campos is with the School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Mark Eccleston-Turner is with the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom. Helen R. Fryer is with the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Alberto Giubilini and Julian Savulescu are with the Oxford Martin School and the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. Thomas Hale is with the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Mark Harrison is with the Faculty of History and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. Stephanie Johnson is with the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities and Ethox Centre, University of Oxford. Claas Kirchhelle is with the School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Kelley Lee is with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Kathleen Liddell is with the Centre for Law, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Marc Mendelson is with the Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Gorik Ooms is with the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. James Orbinski and Mary E. Wiktorowicz are with the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University. Laura J. V. Piddock is with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland. John-Arne Røttingen is with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo, Norway. Andrew C. Singer is with the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Clare Wenham is with the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Shehla Zaidi is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Gian Luca Burci
- Isaac Weldon, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, A. M. Viens, and Steven J. Hoffman are with the Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gian Luca Burci is with the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. Thana C. de Campos is with the School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Mark Eccleston-Turner is with the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom. Helen R. Fryer is with the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Alberto Giubilini and Julian Savulescu are with the Oxford Martin School and the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. Thomas Hale is with the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Mark Harrison is with the Faculty of History and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. Stephanie Johnson is with the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities and Ethox Centre, University of Oxford. Claas Kirchhelle is with the School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Kelley Lee is with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Kathleen Liddell is with the Centre for Law, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Marc Mendelson is with the Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Gorik Ooms is with the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. James Orbinski and Mary E. Wiktorowicz are with the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University. Laura J. V. Piddock is with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland. John-Arne Røttingen is with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo, Norway. Andrew C. Singer is with the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Clare Wenham is with the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Shehla Zaidi is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Dr Giur
- Isaac Weldon, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, A. M. Viens, and Steven J. Hoffman are with the Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gian Luca Burci is with the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. Thana C. de Campos is with the School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Mark Eccleston-Turner is with the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom. Helen R. Fryer is with the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Alberto Giubilini and Julian Savulescu are with the Oxford Martin School and the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. Thomas Hale is with the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Mark Harrison is with the Faculty of History and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. Stephanie Johnson is with the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities and Ethox Centre, University of Oxford. Claas Kirchhelle is with the School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Kelley Lee is with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Kathleen Liddell is with the Centre for Law, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Marc Mendelson is with the Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Gorik Ooms is with the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. James Orbinski and Mary E. Wiktorowicz are with the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University. Laura J. V. Piddock is with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland. John-Arne Røttingen is with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo, Norway. Andrew C. Singer is with the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Clare Wenham is with the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Shehla Zaidi is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Thana C de Campos
- Isaac Weldon, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, A. M. Viens, and Steven J. Hoffman are with the Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gian Luca Burci is with the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. Thana C. de Campos is with the School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Mark Eccleston-Turner is with the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom. Helen R. Fryer is with the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Alberto Giubilini and Julian Savulescu are with the Oxford Martin School and the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. Thomas Hale is with the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Mark Harrison is with the Faculty of History and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. Stephanie Johnson is with the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities and Ethox Centre, University of Oxford. Claas Kirchhelle is with the School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Kelley Lee is with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Kathleen Liddell is with the Centre for Law, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Marc Mendelson is with the Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Gorik Ooms is with the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. James Orbinski and Mary E. Wiktorowicz are with the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University. Laura J. V. Piddock is with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland. John-Arne Røttingen is with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo, Norway. Andrew C. Singer is with the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Clare Wenham is with the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Shehla Zaidi is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mark Eccleston-Turner
- Isaac Weldon, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, A. M. Viens, and Steven J. Hoffman are with the Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gian Luca Burci is with the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. Thana C. de Campos is with the School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Mark Eccleston-Turner is with the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom. Helen R. Fryer is with the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Alberto Giubilini and Julian Savulescu are with the Oxford Martin School and the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. Thomas Hale is with the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Mark Harrison is with the Faculty of History and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. Stephanie Johnson is with the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities and Ethox Centre, University of Oxford. Claas Kirchhelle is with the School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Kelley Lee is with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Kathleen Liddell is with the Centre for Law, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Marc Mendelson is with the Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Gorik Ooms is with the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. James Orbinski and Mary E. Wiktorowicz are with the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University. Laura J. V. Piddock is with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland. John-Arne Røttingen is with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo, Norway. Andrew C. Singer is with the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Clare Wenham is with the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Shehla Zaidi is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Helen R Fryer
- Isaac Weldon, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, A. M. Viens, and Steven J. Hoffman are with the Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gian Luca Burci is with the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. Thana C. de Campos is with the School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Mark Eccleston-Turner is with the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom. Helen R. Fryer is with the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Alberto Giubilini and Julian Savulescu are with the Oxford Martin School and the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. Thomas Hale is with the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Mark Harrison is with the Faculty of History and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. Stephanie Johnson is with the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities and Ethox Centre, University of Oxford. Claas Kirchhelle is with the School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Kelley Lee is with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Kathleen Liddell is with the Centre for Law, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Marc Mendelson is with the Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Gorik Ooms is with the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. James Orbinski and Mary E. Wiktorowicz are with the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University. Laura J. V. Piddock is with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland. John-Arne Røttingen is with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo, Norway. Andrew C. Singer is with the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Clare Wenham is with the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Shehla Zaidi is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Alberto Giubilini
- Isaac Weldon, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, A. M. Viens, and Steven J. Hoffman are with the Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gian Luca Burci is with the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. Thana C. de Campos is with the School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Mark Eccleston-Turner is with the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom. Helen R. Fryer is with the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Alberto Giubilini and Julian Savulescu are with the Oxford Martin School and the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. Thomas Hale is with the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Mark Harrison is with the Faculty of History and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. Stephanie Johnson is with the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities and Ethox Centre, University of Oxford. Claas Kirchhelle is with the School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Kelley Lee is with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Kathleen Liddell is with the Centre for Law, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Marc Mendelson is with the Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Gorik Ooms is with the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. James Orbinski and Mary E. Wiktorowicz are with the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University. Laura J. V. Piddock is with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland. John-Arne Røttingen is with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo, Norway. Andrew C. Singer is with the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Clare Wenham is with the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Shehla Zaidi is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Thomas Hale
- Isaac Weldon, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, A. M. Viens, and Steven J. Hoffman are with the Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gian Luca Burci is with the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. Thana C. de Campos is with the School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Mark Eccleston-Turner is with the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom. Helen R. Fryer is with the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Alberto Giubilini and Julian Savulescu are with the Oxford Martin School and the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. Thomas Hale is with the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Mark Harrison is with the Faculty of History and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. Stephanie Johnson is with the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities and Ethox Centre, University of Oxford. Claas Kirchhelle is with the School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Kelley Lee is with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Kathleen Liddell is with the Centre for Law, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Marc Mendelson is with the Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Gorik Ooms is with the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. James Orbinski and Mary E. Wiktorowicz are with the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University. Laura J. V. Piddock is with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland. John-Arne Røttingen is with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo, Norway. Andrew C. Singer is with the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Clare Wenham is with the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Shehla Zaidi is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mark Harrison
- Isaac Weldon, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, A. M. Viens, and Steven J. Hoffman are with the Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gian Luca Burci is with the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. Thana C. de Campos is with the School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Mark Eccleston-Turner is with the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom. Helen R. Fryer is with the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Alberto Giubilini and Julian Savulescu are with the Oxford Martin School and the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. Thomas Hale is with the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Mark Harrison is with the Faculty of History and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. Stephanie Johnson is with the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities and Ethox Centre, University of Oxford. Claas Kirchhelle is with the School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Kelley Lee is with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Kathleen Liddell is with the Centre for Law, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Marc Mendelson is with the Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Gorik Ooms is with the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. James Orbinski and Mary E. Wiktorowicz are with the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University. Laura J. V. Piddock is with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland. John-Arne Røttingen is with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo, Norway. Andrew C. Singer is with the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Clare Wenham is with the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Shehla Zaidi is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Stephanie Johnson
- Isaac Weldon, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, A. M. Viens, and Steven J. Hoffman are with the Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gian Luca Burci is with the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. Thana C. de Campos is with the School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Mark Eccleston-Turner is with the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom. Helen R. Fryer is with the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Alberto Giubilini and Julian Savulescu are with the Oxford Martin School and the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. Thomas Hale is with the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Mark Harrison is with the Faculty of History and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. Stephanie Johnson is with the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities and Ethox Centre, University of Oxford. Claas Kirchhelle is with the School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Kelley Lee is with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Kathleen Liddell is with the Centre for Law, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Marc Mendelson is with the Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Gorik Ooms is with the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. James Orbinski and Mary E. Wiktorowicz are with the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University. Laura J. V. Piddock is with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland. John-Arne Røttingen is with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo, Norway. Andrew C. Singer is with the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Clare Wenham is with the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Shehla Zaidi is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Claas Kirchhelle
- Isaac Weldon, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, A. M. Viens, and Steven J. Hoffman are with the Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gian Luca Burci is with the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. Thana C. de Campos is with the School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Mark Eccleston-Turner is with the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom. Helen R. Fryer is with the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Alberto Giubilini and Julian Savulescu are with the Oxford Martin School and the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. Thomas Hale is with the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Mark Harrison is with the Faculty of History and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. Stephanie Johnson is with the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities and Ethox Centre, University of Oxford. Claas Kirchhelle is with the School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Kelley Lee is with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Kathleen Liddell is with the Centre for Law, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Marc Mendelson is with the Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Gorik Ooms is with the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. James Orbinski and Mary E. Wiktorowicz are with the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University. Laura J. V. Piddock is with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland. John-Arne Røttingen is with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo, Norway. Andrew C. Singer is with the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Clare Wenham is with the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Shehla Zaidi is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kelley Lee
- Isaac Weldon, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, A. M. Viens, and Steven J. Hoffman are with the Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gian Luca Burci is with the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. Thana C. de Campos is with the School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Mark Eccleston-Turner is with the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom. Helen R. Fryer is with the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Alberto Giubilini and Julian Savulescu are with the Oxford Martin School and the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. Thomas Hale is with the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Mark Harrison is with the Faculty of History and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. Stephanie Johnson is with the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities and Ethox Centre, University of Oxford. Claas Kirchhelle is with the School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Kelley Lee is with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Kathleen Liddell is with the Centre for Law, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Marc Mendelson is with the Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Gorik Ooms is with the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. James Orbinski and Mary E. Wiktorowicz are with the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University. Laura J. V. Piddock is with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland. John-Arne Røttingen is with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo, Norway. Andrew C. Singer is with the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Clare Wenham is with the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Shehla Zaidi is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kathleen Liddell
- Isaac Weldon, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, A. M. Viens, and Steven J. Hoffman are with the Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gian Luca Burci is with the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. Thana C. de Campos is with the School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Mark Eccleston-Turner is with the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom. Helen R. Fryer is with the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Alberto Giubilini and Julian Savulescu are with the Oxford Martin School and the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. Thomas Hale is with the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Mark Harrison is with the Faculty of History and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. Stephanie Johnson is with the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities and Ethox Centre, University of Oxford. Claas Kirchhelle is with the School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Kelley Lee is with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Kathleen Liddell is with the Centre for Law, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Marc Mendelson is with the Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Gorik Ooms is with the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. James Orbinski and Mary E. Wiktorowicz are with the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University. Laura J. V. Piddock is with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland. John-Arne Røttingen is with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo, Norway. Andrew C. Singer is with the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Clare Wenham is with the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Shehla Zaidi is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Marc Mendelson
- Isaac Weldon, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, A. M. Viens, and Steven J. Hoffman are with the Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gian Luca Burci is with the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. Thana C. de Campos is with the School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Mark Eccleston-Turner is with the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom. Helen R. Fryer is with the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Alberto Giubilini and Julian Savulescu are with the Oxford Martin School and the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. Thomas Hale is with the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Mark Harrison is with the Faculty of History and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. Stephanie Johnson is with the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities and Ethox Centre, University of Oxford. Claas Kirchhelle is with the School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Kelley Lee is with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Kathleen Liddell is with the Centre for Law, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Marc Mendelson is with the Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Gorik Ooms is with the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. James Orbinski and Mary E. Wiktorowicz are with the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University. Laura J. V. Piddock is with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland. John-Arne Røttingen is with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo, Norway. Andrew C. Singer is with the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Clare Wenham is with the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Shehla Zaidi is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Gorik Ooms
- Isaac Weldon, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, A. M. Viens, and Steven J. Hoffman are with the Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gian Luca Burci is with the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. Thana C. de Campos is with the School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Mark Eccleston-Turner is with the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom. Helen R. Fryer is with the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Alberto Giubilini and Julian Savulescu are with the Oxford Martin School and the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. Thomas Hale is with the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Mark Harrison is with the Faculty of History and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. Stephanie Johnson is with the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities and Ethox Centre, University of Oxford. Claas Kirchhelle is with the School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Kelley Lee is with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Kathleen Liddell is with the Centre for Law, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Marc Mendelson is with the Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Gorik Ooms is with the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. James Orbinski and Mary E. Wiktorowicz are with the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University. Laura J. V. Piddock is with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland. John-Arne Røttingen is with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo, Norway. Andrew C. Singer is with the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Clare Wenham is with the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Shehla Zaidi is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - James Orbinski
- Isaac Weldon, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, A. M. Viens, and Steven J. Hoffman are with the Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gian Luca Burci is with the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. Thana C. de Campos is with the School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Mark Eccleston-Turner is with the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom. Helen R. Fryer is with the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Alberto Giubilini and Julian Savulescu are with the Oxford Martin School and the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. Thomas Hale is with the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Mark Harrison is with the Faculty of History and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. Stephanie Johnson is with the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities and Ethox Centre, University of Oxford. Claas Kirchhelle is with the School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Kelley Lee is with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Kathleen Liddell is with the Centre for Law, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Marc Mendelson is with the Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Gorik Ooms is with the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. James Orbinski and Mary E. Wiktorowicz are with the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University. Laura J. V. Piddock is with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland. John-Arne Røttingen is with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo, Norway. Andrew C. Singer is with the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Clare Wenham is with the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Shehla Zaidi is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Laura J V Piddock
- Isaac Weldon, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, A. M. Viens, and Steven J. Hoffman are with the Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gian Luca Burci is with the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. Thana C. de Campos is with the School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Mark Eccleston-Turner is with the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom. Helen R. Fryer is with the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Alberto Giubilini and Julian Savulescu are with the Oxford Martin School and the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. Thomas Hale is with the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Mark Harrison is with the Faculty of History and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. Stephanie Johnson is with the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities and Ethox Centre, University of Oxford. Claas Kirchhelle is with the School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Kelley Lee is with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Kathleen Liddell is with the Centre for Law, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Marc Mendelson is with the Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Gorik Ooms is with the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. James Orbinski and Mary E. Wiktorowicz are with the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University. Laura J. V. Piddock is with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland. John-Arne Røttingen is with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo, Norway. Andrew C. Singer is with the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Clare Wenham is with the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Shehla Zaidi is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - John-Arne Røttingen
- Isaac Weldon, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, A. M. Viens, and Steven J. Hoffman are with the Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gian Luca Burci is with the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. Thana C. de Campos is with the School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Mark Eccleston-Turner is with the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom. Helen R. Fryer is with the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Alberto Giubilini and Julian Savulescu are with the Oxford Martin School and the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. Thomas Hale is with the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Mark Harrison is with the Faculty of History and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. Stephanie Johnson is with the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities and Ethox Centre, University of Oxford. Claas Kirchhelle is with the School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Kelley Lee is with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Kathleen Liddell is with the Centre for Law, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Marc Mendelson is with the Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Gorik Ooms is with the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. James Orbinski and Mary E. Wiktorowicz are with the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University. Laura J. V. Piddock is with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland. John-Arne Røttingen is with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo, Norway. Andrew C. Singer is with the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Clare Wenham is with the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Shehla Zaidi is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Julian Savulescu
- Isaac Weldon, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, A. M. Viens, and Steven J. Hoffman are with the Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gian Luca Burci is with the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. Thana C. de Campos is with the School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Mark Eccleston-Turner is with the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom. Helen R. Fryer is with the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Alberto Giubilini and Julian Savulescu are with the Oxford Martin School and the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. Thomas Hale is with the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Mark Harrison is with the Faculty of History and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. Stephanie Johnson is with the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities and Ethox Centre, University of Oxford. Claas Kirchhelle is with the School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Kelley Lee is with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Kathleen Liddell is with the Centre for Law, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Marc Mendelson is with the Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Gorik Ooms is with the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. James Orbinski and Mary E. Wiktorowicz are with the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University. Laura J. V. Piddock is with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland. John-Arne Røttingen is with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo, Norway. Andrew C. Singer is with the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Clare Wenham is with the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Shehla Zaidi is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Andrew C Singer
- Isaac Weldon, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, A. M. Viens, and Steven J. Hoffman are with the Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gian Luca Burci is with the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. Thana C. de Campos is with the School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Mark Eccleston-Turner is with the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom. Helen R. Fryer is with the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Alberto Giubilini and Julian Savulescu are with the Oxford Martin School and the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. Thomas Hale is with the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Mark Harrison is with the Faculty of History and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. Stephanie Johnson is with the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities and Ethox Centre, University of Oxford. Claas Kirchhelle is with the School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Kelley Lee is with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Kathleen Liddell is with the Centre for Law, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Marc Mendelson is with the Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Gorik Ooms is with the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. James Orbinski and Mary E. Wiktorowicz are with the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University. Laura J. V. Piddock is with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland. John-Arne Røttingen is with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo, Norway. Andrew C. Singer is with the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Clare Wenham is with the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Shehla Zaidi is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A M Viens
- Isaac Weldon, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, A. M. Viens, and Steven J. Hoffman are with the Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gian Luca Burci is with the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. Thana C. de Campos is with the School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Mark Eccleston-Turner is with the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom. Helen R. Fryer is with the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Alberto Giubilini and Julian Savulescu are with the Oxford Martin School and the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. Thomas Hale is with the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Mark Harrison is with the Faculty of History and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. Stephanie Johnson is with the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities and Ethox Centre, University of Oxford. Claas Kirchhelle is with the School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Kelley Lee is with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Kathleen Liddell is with the Centre for Law, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Marc Mendelson is with the Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Gorik Ooms is with the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. James Orbinski and Mary E. Wiktorowicz are with the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University. Laura J. V. Piddock is with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland. John-Arne Røttingen is with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo, Norway. Andrew C. Singer is with the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Clare Wenham is with the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Shehla Zaidi is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Clare Wenham
- Isaac Weldon, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, A. M. Viens, and Steven J. Hoffman are with the Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gian Luca Burci is with the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. Thana C. de Campos is with the School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Mark Eccleston-Turner is with the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom. Helen R. Fryer is with the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Alberto Giubilini and Julian Savulescu are with the Oxford Martin School and the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. Thomas Hale is with the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Mark Harrison is with the Faculty of History and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. Stephanie Johnson is with the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities and Ethox Centre, University of Oxford. Claas Kirchhelle is with the School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Kelley Lee is with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Kathleen Liddell is with the Centre for Law, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Marc Mendelson is with the Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Gorik Ooms is with the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. James Orbinski and Mary E. Wiktorowicz are with the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University. Laura J. V. Piddock is with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland. John-Arne Røttingen is with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo, Norway. Andrew C. Singer is with the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Clare Wenham is with the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Shehla Zaidi is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mary E Wiktorowicz
- Isaac Weldon, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, A. M. Viens, and Steven J. Hoffman are with the Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gian Luca Burci is with the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. Thana C. de Campos is with the School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Mark Eccleston-Turner is with the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom. Helen R. Fryer is with the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Alberto Giubilini and Julian Savulescu are with the Oxford Martin School and the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. Thomas Hale is with the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Mark Harrison is with the Faculty of History and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. Stephanie Johnson is with the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities and Ethox Centre, University of Oxford. Claas Kirchhelle is with the School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Kelley Lee is with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Kathleen Liddell is with the Centre for Law, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Marc Mendelson is with the Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Gorik Ooms is with the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. James Orbinski and Mary E. Wiktorowicz are with the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University. Laura J. V. Piddock is with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland. John-Arne Røttingen is with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo, Norway. Andrew C. Singer is with the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Clare Wenham is with the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Shehla Zaidi is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shehla Zaidi
- Isaac Weldon, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, A. M. Viens, and Steven J. Hoffman are with the Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gian Luca Burci is with the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. Thana C. de Campos is with the School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Mark Eccleston-Turner is with the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom. Helen R. Fryer is with the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Alberto Giubilini and Julian Savulescu are with the Oxford Martin School and the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. Thomas Hale is with the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Mark Harrison is with the Faculty of History and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. Stephanie Johnson is with the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities and Ethox Centre, University of Oxford. Claas Kirchhelle is with the School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Kelley Lee is with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Kathleen Liddell is with the Centre for Law, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Marc Mendelson is with the Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Gorik Ooms is with the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. James Orbinski and Mary E. Wiktorowicz are with the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University. Laura J. V. Piddock is with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland. John-Arne Røttingen is with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo, Norway. Andrew C. Singer is with the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Clare Wenham is with the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Shehla Zaidi is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Steven J Hoffman
- Isaac Weldon, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, A. M. Viens, and Steven J. Hoffman are with the Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gian Luca Burci is with the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland. Thana C. de Campos is with the School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Mark Eccleston-Turner is with the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom. Helen R. Fryer is with the Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Alberto Giubilini and Julian Savulescu are with the Oxford Martin School and the Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. Thomas Hale is with the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Mark Harrison is with the Faculty of History and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. Stephanie Johnson is with the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities and Ethox Centre, University of Oxford. Claas Kirchhelle is with the School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Kelley Lee is with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Kathleen Liddell is with the Centre for Law, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Marc Mendelson is with the Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. Gorik Ooms is with the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. James Orbinski and Mary E. Wiktorowicz are with the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, York University. Laura J. V. Piddock is with the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland. John-Arne Røttingen is with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo, Norway. Andrew C. Singer is with the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom. Clare Wenham is with the Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Shehla Zaidi is with the Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Choi JW, Borkar AV, Singer AC, Chowdhary G. Broadband Acoustic Communication Aided Underwater Inertial Navigation System. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2022.3154004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Glover
- Antimicrobial Resistance Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | - Claas Kirchhelle
- University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Oxford Martin Schoool, Oxford, UK
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23
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Kevill JL, Pellett C, Farkas K, Brown MR, Bassano I, Denise H, McDonald JE, Malham SK, Porter J, Warren J, Evens NP, Paterson S, Singer AC, Jones DL. A comparison of precipitation and filtration-based SARS-CoV-2 recovery methods and the influence of temperature, turbidity, and surfactant load in urban wastewater. Sci Total Environ 2022; 808:151916. [PMID: 34826466 PMCID: PMC8610557 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has become a complimentary surveillance tool during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Viral concentration methods from wastewater are still being optimised and compared, whilst viral recovery under different wastewater characteristics and storage temperatures remains poorly understood. Using urban wastewater samples, we tested three viral concentration methods; polyethylene glycol precipitation (PEG), ammonium sulphate precipitation (AS), and CP select™ InnovaPrep® (IP) ultrafiltration. We found no major difference in SARS-CoV-2 and faecal indicator virus (crAssphage) recovery from wastewater samples (n = 46) using these methods, PEG slightly (albeit non-significantly), outperformed AS and IP for SARS-CoV-2 detection, as a higher genome copies per litre (gc/l) was recorded for a larger proportion of samples. Next generation sequencing of 8 paired samples revealed non-significant differences in the quality of data between AS and IP, though IP data quality was slightly better and less variable. A controlled experiment assessed the impact of wastewater suspended solids (turbidity; 0-400 NTU), surfactant load (0-200 mg/l), and storage temperature (5-20 °C) on viral recovery using the AS and IP methods. SARS-CoV-2 recoveries were >20% with AS and <10% with IP in turbid samples, whilst viral recoveries for samples with additional surfactant were between 0-18% for AS and 0-5% for IP. Turbidity and sample storage temperature combined had no significant effect on SARS-CoV-2 recovery (p > 0.05), whilst surfactant and storage temperature combined were significant negative correlates (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). In conclusion, our results show that choice of methodology had small effect on viral recovery of SARS-CoV-2 and crAssphage in wastewater samples within this study. In contrast, sample turbidity, storage temperature, and surfactant load did affect viral recovery, highlighting the need for careful consideration of the viral concentration methodology used when working with wastewater samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Kevill
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - Cameron Pellett
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Kata Farkas
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK; School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Mathew R Brown
- Joint Biosecurity Centre, Department of Health and Social Care, London WC1B 4DA, UK; School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Irene Bassano
- Joint Biosecurity Centre, Department of Health and Social Care, London WC1B 4DA, UK; Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hubert Denise
- Joint Biosecurity Centre, Department of Health and Social Care, London WC1B 4DA, UK
| | - James E McDonald
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Shelagh K Malham
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Jonathan Porter
- Environment Agency National Laboratory Service, Exeter, Devon EX6 8PE, UK
| | - Jonathan Warren
- Environment Agency National Laboratory Service, Exeter, Devon EX6 8PE, UK
| | - Nicholas P Evens
- Environment Agency National Laboratory Service, Exeter, Devon EX6 8PE, UK
| | - Steve Paterson
- Centre of Genomics Research & NERC Environmental Omics Facility, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | | | - Davey L Jones
- Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK; Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6105, Australia
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24
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Wade MJ, Lo Jacomo A, Armenise E, Brown MR, Bunce JT, Cameron GJ, Fang Z, Farkas K, Gilpin DF, Graham DW, Grimsley JMS, Hart A, Hoffmann T, Jackson KJ, Jones DL, Lilley CJ, McGrath JW, McKinley JM, McSparron C, Nejad BF, Morvan M, Quintela-Baluja M, Roberts AMI, Singer AC, Souque C, Speight VL, Sweetapple C, Walker D, Watts G, Weightman A, Kasprzyk-Hordern B. Understanding and managing uncertainty and variability for wastewater monitoring beyond the pandemic: Lessons learned from the United Kingdom national COVID-19 surveillance programmes. J Hazard Mater 2022; 424:127456. [PMID: 34655869 PMCID: PMC8498793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has put unprecedented pressure on public health resources around the world. From adversity, opportunities have arisen to measure the state and dynamics of human disease at a scale not seen before. In the United Kingdom, the evidence that wastewater could be used to monitor the SARS-CoV-2 virus prompted the development of National wastewater surveillance programmes. The scale and pace of this work has proven to be unique in monitoring of virus dynamics at a national level, demonstrating the importance of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) for public health protection. Beyond COVID-19, it can provide additional value for monitoring and informing on a range of biological and chemical markers of human health. A discussion of measurement uncertainty associated with surveillance of wastewater, focusing on lessons-learned from the UK programmes monitoring COVID-19 is presented, showing that sources of uncertainty impacting measurement quality and interpretation of data for public health decision-making, are varied and complex. While some factors remain poorly understood, we present approaches taken by the UK programmes to manage and mitigate the more tractable sources of uncertainty. This work provides a platform to integrate uncertainty management into WBE activities as part of global One Health initiatives beyond the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Wade
- UK Health Security Agency, Environmental Monitoring for Health Protection, Windsor House, Victoria Street, London SW1H 0TL, UK; Newcastle University, School of Engineering, Cassie Building, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Anna Lo Jacomo
- UK Health Security Agency, Environmental Monitoring for Health Protection, Windsor House, Victoria Street, London SW1H 0TL, UK; Bristol University, Department of Engineering Mathematics, Bristol BS8 1TW, UK
| | - Elena Armenise
- Environment Agency, Research, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, UK
| | - Mathew R Brown
- UK Health Security Agency, Environmental Monitoring for Health Protection, Windsor House, Victoria Street, London SW1H 0TL, UK; Newcastle University, School of Engineering, Cassie Building, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Joshua T Bunce
- UK Health Security Agency, Environmental Monitoring for Health Protection, Windsor House, Victoria Street, London SW1H 0TL, UK; Newcastle University, School of Engineering, Cassie Building, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Seacole Building, 2 Marsham Street, London SW1P 4DF, UK
| | - Graeme J Cameron
- Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Strathallan House, Stirling FK9 4TZ, UK
| | - Zhou Fang
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, James Clerk Maxwell Building, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
| | - Kata Farkas
- Bangor University, School of Natural Sciences, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Deidre F Gilpin
- Queen's University Belfast, School of Pharmacy, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - David W Graham
- Newcastle University, School of Engineering, Cassie Building, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Jasmine M S Grimsley
- UK Health Security Agency, Environmental Monitoring for Health Protection, Windsor House, Victoria Street, London SW1H 0TL, UK
| | - Alwyn Hart
- Environment Agency, Research, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, UK
| | - Till Hoffmann
- UK Health Security Agency, Environmental Monitoring for Health Protection, Windsor House, Victoria Street, London SW1H 0TL, UK; Imperial College London, Department of Mathematics, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Katherine J Jackson
- Environment Agency, Research, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, UK
| | - David L Jones
- Bangor University, School of Natural Sciences, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK; The University of Western Australia, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Chris J Lilley
- UK Health Security Agency, Environmental Monitoring for Health Protection, Windsor House, Victoria Street, London SW1H 0TL, UK
| | - John W McGrath
- Queen's University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Jennifer M McKinley
- Queen's University Belfast, School of Natural and Built Environment, Stranmills Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Cormac McSparron
- Queen's University Belfast, School of Natural and Built Environment, Stranmills Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Behnam F Nejad
- Queen's University Belfast, School of Natural and Built Environment, Stranmills Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Mario Morvan
- UK Health Security Agency, Environmental Monitoring for Health Protection, Windsor House, Victoria Street, London SW1H 0TL, UK; University College London, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Marcos Quintela-Baluja
- Newcastle University, School of Engineering, Cassie Building, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Adrian M I Roberts
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, James Clerk Maxwell Building, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
| | - Andrew C Singer
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Benson Lane, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Célia Souque
- UK Health Security Agency, Environmental Monitoring for Health Protection, Windsor House, Victoria Street, London SW1H 0TL, UK; University of Oxford, Department of Zoology, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - Vanessa L Speight
- University of Sheffield, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Chris Sweetapple
- UK Health Security Agency, Environmental Monitoring for Health Protection, Windsor House, Victoria Street, London SW1H 0TL, UK; University of Exeter, Centre for Water Systems, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK
| | - David Walker
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Glenn Watts
- Environment Agency, Research, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol BS1 5AH, UK
| | - Andrew Weightman
- Cardiff University, Cardiff School of Biosciences, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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Cocker D, Sammarro M, Chidziwisano K, Elviss N, Jacob ST, Kajumbula H, Mugisha L, Musoke D, Musicha P, Roberts AP, Rowlingson B, Singer AC, Byrne RL, Edwards T, Lester R, Wilson C, Hollihead B, Thomson N, Jewell CP, Morse T, Feasey N. Drivers of Resistance in Uganda and Malawi (DRUM): a protocol for the evaluation of One-Health drivers of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) resistance in Low-Middle Income Countries (LMICs). Wellcome Open Res 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17581.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa (sSA), there is high morbidity and mortality from severe bacterial infection and this is compounded by antimicrobial resistance, in particular, resistance to 3rd-generation cephalosporins. This resistance is typically mediated by extended-spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs). To interrupt ESBL transmission it will be important to investigate how human behaviour, water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices, environmental contamination, and antibiotic usage in both urban and rural settings interact to contribute to transmission of ESBL E. coli and ESBL K. pneumoniae between humans, animals, and the environment. Here we present the protocol for the Drivers of Resistance in Uganda and Malawi (DRUM) Consortium, in which we will collect demographic, geospatial, clinical, animal husbandry and WASH data from a total of 400 households in Uganda and Malawi. Longitudinal human, animal and environmental sampling at each household will be used to isolate ESBL E. coli and ESBL K. pneumoniae. This will be complimented by a Risks, Attitudes, Norms, Abilities and Self-Regulation (RANAS) survey and structured observations to understand the contextual and psychosocial drivers of regional WASH practices. Bacterial isolates and plate sweeps will be further characterised using a mixture of short-,long-read and metagenomic whole-genome sequencing. These datasets will be integrated into agent-based models to describe the transmission of EBSL resistance in Uganda and Malawi and allow us to inform the design of interventions for interrupting transmission of ESBL-bacteria.
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Tlhagale M, Liphadzi S, Bhagwan J, Naidoo V, Jonas K, van Vuuren L, Medema G, Andrews L, Béen F, Ferreira ML, Saatci AM, Alpaslan Kocamemi B, Hassard F, Singer AC, Bunce JT, Grimsley JMS, Brown M, Jones DL. Establishment of local wastewater-based surveillance programmes in response to the spread and infection of COVID-19 - case studies from South Africa, the Netherlands, Turkey and England. J Water Health 2022; 20:287-299. [PMID: 36366987 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2022.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 340 million infection cases (as of 21 January 2022) and more than 5.57 million deaths globally. In reaction, science, technology and innovation communities across the globe have organised themselves to contribute to national responses to COVID-19 disease. A significant contribution has been from the establishment of wastewater-based epidemiological (WBE) surveillance interventions and programmes for monitoring the spread of COVID-19 in at least 55 countries. Here, we examine and share experiences and lessons learnt in establishing such surveillance programmes. We use case studies to highlight testing methods and logistics considerations associated in scaling the implementing of such programmes in South Africa, the Netherlands, Turkey and England. The four countries were selected to represent different regions of the world and the perspective based on the considerable progress made in establishing and implementing their national WBE programmes. The selected countries also represent different climatic zones, economies, and development stages, which influence the implementation of national programmes of this nature and magnitude. In addition, the four countries' programmes offer good experiences and lessons learnt since they are systematic, and cover extensive areas, disseminate knowledge locally and internationally and partnered with authorities (government). The programmes also strengthened working relations and partnerships between and among local and global organisations. This paper shares these experiences and lessons to encourage others in the water and public health sectors on the benefits and value of WBE in tackling SARS-CoV-2 and related future circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tlhagale
- Water Research Commission, 4 Daventry St, Lynnwood Manor, Pretoria, South Africa E-mail:
| | - S Liphadzi
- Water Research Commission, 4 Daventry St, Lynnwood Manor, Pretoria, South Africa E-mail: ; Univerisity of Venda, University Rd, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | - J Bhagwan
- Water Research Commission, 4 Daventry St, Lynnwood Manor, Pretoria, South Africa E-mail:
| | - V Naidoo
- Water Research Commission, 4 Daventry St, Lynnwood Manor, Pretoria, South Africa E-mail:
| | - K Jonas
- Water Research Commission, 4 Daventry St, Lynnwood Manor, Pretoria, South Africa E-mail:
| | - L van Vuuren
- Water Research Commission, 4 Daventry St, Lynnwood Manor, Pretoria, South Africa E-mail:
| | - G Medema
- KWR, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - L Andrews
- KWR, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - F Béen
- KWR, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - M L Ferreira
- KWR, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - A M Saatci
- Turkish Water Institute (SUEN), Libadiye Cad. 54 Küçükçamlıca Üsküdar 34696, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Alpaslan Kocamemi
- Environmental Engineering Department, Marmara University, Kadıkoy 34722, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - F Hassard
- Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK; Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, University of South Africa, UNISA Science Campus, 1710 Roodepoort, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A C Singer
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, MacLean Building, Benson Ln, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - J T Bunce
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Windsor House, Victoria Street, London, SW1H 0LT, UK; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Seacole Building, 2 Marsham Street, London SW1P 4DF, UK
| | - J M S Grimsley
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Windsor House, Victoria Street, London, SW1H 0LT, UK
| | - M Brown
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Windsor House, Victoria Street, London, SW1H 0LT, UK; School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - D L Jones
- Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK
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27
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Castro-Gutierrez V, Hassard F, Vu M, Leitao R, Burczynska B, Wildeboer D, Stanton I, Rahimzadeh S, Baio G, Garelick H, Hofman J, Kasprzyk-Hordern B, Kwiatkowska R, Majeed A, Priest S, Grimsley J, Lundy L, Singer AC, Di Cesare M. Monitoring occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 in school populations: A wastewater-based approach. PLoS One 2022. [PMID: 35714109 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.25.21254231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical testing of children in schools is challenging, with economic implications limiting its frequent use as a monitoring tool of the risks assumed by children and staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, a wastewater-based epidemiology approach has been used to monitor 16 schools (10 primary, 5 secondary and 1 post-16 and further education) in England. A total of 296 samples over 9 weeks have been analysed for N1 and E genes using qPCR methods. Of the samples returned, 47.3% were positive for one or both genes with a detection frequency in line with the respective local community. WBE offers a low cost, non-invasive approach for supplementing clinical testing and can provide longitudinal insights that are impractical with traditional clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Castro-Gutierrez
- Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
- Environmental Pollution Research Center (CICA), University of Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | | | - Milan Vu
- Department of Natural Science, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rodrigo Leitao
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beata Burczynska
- Department of Natural Science, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Wildeboer
- Department of Natural Science, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isobel Stanton
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom
| | - Shadi Rahimzadeh
- Department of Natural Science, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gianluca Baio
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hemda Garelick
- Department of Natural Science, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Hofman
- Water Innovation & Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern
- Water Innovation & Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Kwiatkowska
- School of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Field Services, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Azeem Majeed
- Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Priest
- Department of Natural Science, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmine Grimsley
- Joint Biosecurity Centre, Department for Health and Social Care, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lian Lundy
- Department of Natural Science, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C Singer
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom
| | - Mariachiara Di Cesare
- Institute of Public Health and Wellbeing, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
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28
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Fitzgerald S, Rossi G, Low AS, McAteer SP, O’Keefe B, Findlay D, Cameron GJ, Pollard P, Singleton PTR, Ponton G, Singer AC, Farkas K, Jones D, Graham DW, Quintela-Baluja M, Tait-Burkard C, Gally DL, Kao R, Corbishley A. Site Specific Relationships between COVID-19 Cases and SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Wastewater Treatment Plant Influent. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:15276-15286. [PMID: 34738785 PMCID: PMC8577191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater based epidemiology (WBE) has become an important tool during the COVID-19 pandemic, however the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater treatment plant influent (WWTP) and cases in the community is not well-defined. We report here the development of a national WBE program across 28 WWTPs serving 50% of the population of Scotland, including large conurbations, as well as low-density rural and remote island communities. For each WWTP catchment area, we quantified spatial and temporal relationships between SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater and COVID-19 cases. Daily WWTP SARS-CoV-2 influent viral RNA load, calculated using daily influent flow rates, had the strongest correlation (ρ > 0.9) with COVID-19 cases within a catchment. As the incidence of COVID-19 cases within a community increased, a linear relationship emerged between cases and influent viral RNA load. There were significant differences between WWTPs in their capacity to predict case numbers based on influent viral RNA load, with the limit of detection ranging from 25 cases for larger plants to a single case in smaller plants. SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA load can be used to predict the number of cases detected in the WWTP catchment area, with a clear statistically significant relationship observed above site-specific case thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen
F. Fitzgerald
- The
Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Gianluigi Rossi
- The
Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Alison S. Low
- The
Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Sean P. McAteer
- The
Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Brian O’Keefe
- Scottish
Environment Protection Agency, Strathallan House, Stirling FK9 4TZ, United Kingdom
| | - David Findlay
- Scottish
Environment Protection Agency, Strathallan House, Stirling FK9 4TZ, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme J. Cameron
- Scottish
Environment Protection Agency, Strathallan House, Stirling FK9 4TZ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Pollard
- Scottish
Environment Protection Agency, Strathallan House, Stirling FK9 4TZ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter T. R. Singleton
- Scottish
Environment Protection Agency, Strathallan House, Stirling FK9 4TZ, United Kingdom
| | - George Ponton
- Scottish
Water, Castle House, 6 Castle Drive, Dunfermline KY11 8GG, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C. Singer
- UK
Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Kata Farkas
- School
of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
- School of
Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, United
Kingdom
| | - Davey Jones
- School
of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Graham
- School
of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1
7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Marcos Quintela-Baluja
- School
of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1
7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Tait-Burkard
- The
Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - David L. Gally
- The
Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Rowland Kao
- The
Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Corbishley
- The
Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
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29
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Glover RE, Singer AC, Roberts AP, Kirchhelle C. NIMble innovation—a networked model for public antibiotic trials. The Lancet Microbe 2021; 2:e637-e644. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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30
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Borsetto C, Raguideau S, Travis E, Kim DW, Lee DH, Bottrill A, Stark R, Song L, Cha CJ, Pearson J, Quince C, Singer AC, Wellington EMH. Impact of sulfamethoxazole on a riverine microbiome. Water Res 2021; 201:117382. [PMID: 34225233 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The continued emergence of bacterial pathogens presenting antimicrobial resistance is widely recognised as a global health threat and recent attention focused on potential environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Freshwater environments such as rivers represent a potential hotspot for ARGs and antibiotic resistant bacteria as they are receiving systems for effluent discharges from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Effluent also contains low levels of different antimicrobials including antibiotics and biocides. Sulfonamides are antibacterial chemicals widely used in clinical, veterinary and agricultural settings and are frequently detected in sewage sludge and manure in addition to riverine ecosystems. The impact of such exposure on ARG prevalence and diversity is unknown, so the aim of this study was to investigate the release of a sub-lethal concentration of the sulfonamide compound sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on the river bacterial microbiome using a flume system. This system was a semi-natural in vitro flume using river water (30 L) and sediment (6 kg) with circulation to mimic river flow. A combination of 'omics' approaches were conducted to study the impact of SMX exposure on the microbiomes within the flumes. Metagenomic analysis showed that the addition of low concentrations of SMX (<4 μg L-1) had a limited effect on the bacterial resistome in the water fraction only, with no impact observed in the sediment. Metaproteomics did not show differences in ARGs expression with SMX exposure in water. Overall, the river bacterial community was resilient to short term exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of SMX which mimics the exposure such communities experience downstream of WWTPs throughout the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Borsetto
- University of Warwick, School of Life Sciences, Coventry, UK.
| | | | - Emma Travis
- University of Warwick, School of Life Sciences, Coventry, UK
| | - Dae-Wi Kim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology and Center for Antibiotic Resistome, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hoon Lee
- Department of Systems Biotechnology and Center for Antibiotic Resistome, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew Bottrill
- University of Warwick, School of Life Sciences, Coventry, UK
| | - Richard Stark
- University of Warwick, School of Life Sciences, Coventry, UK
| | - Lijiang Song
- University of Warwick, Department of Chemistry, Coventry, UK
| | - Chang-Jun Cha
- Department of Systems Biotechnology and Center for Antibiotic Resistome, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
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31
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Corey RM, Singer AC. Modeling the effects of dynamic range compression on signals in noise. J Acoust Soc Am 2021; 150:159. [PMID: 34340479 DOI: 10.1121/10.0005314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hearing aids use dynamic range compression (DRC), a form of automatic gain control, to make quiet sounds louder and loud sounds quieter. Compression can improve listening comfort, but it can also cause unwanted distortion in noisy environments. It has been widely reported that DRC performs poorly in noise, but there has been little mathematical analysis of these noise-induced distortion effects. This work introduces a mathematical model to study the behavior of DRC in noise. By making simplifying assumptions about the signal envelopes, we define an effective compression function that models the compression applied to one signal in the presence of another. Using the properties of concave functions, we prove results about DRC that have been previously observed experimentally: that the effective compression applied to each sound in a mixture is weaker than it would have been for the signal alone; that uncorrelated signal envelopes become negatively correlated when compressed as a mixture; and that compression can reduce the long-term signal-to-noise ratio in certain conditions. These theoretical results are supported by software experiments using recorded speech signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Corey
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Andrew C Singer
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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32
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Klug DM, Idiris FIM, Blaskovich MAT, von Delft F, Dowson CG, Kirchhelle C, Roberts AP, Singer AC, Todd MH. There is no market for new antibiotics: this allows an open approach to research and development. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6:146. [PMID: 34250265 PMCID: PMC8237369 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16847.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasingly urgent need for new antibiotics, yet there is a significant and persistent economic problem when it comes to developing such medicines. The problem stems from the perceived need for a “market” to drive commercial antibiotic development. In this article, we explore abandoning the market as a prerequisite for successful antibiotic research and development. Once one stops trying to fix a market model that has stopped functioning, one is free to carry out research and development (R&D) in ways that are more openly collaborative, a mechanism that has been demonstrably effective for the R&D underpinning the response to the COVID pandemic. New “open source” research models have great potential for the development of medicines for areas of public health where the traditional profit-driven model struggles to deliver. New financial initiatives, including major push/pull incentives, aimed at fixing the broken antibiotics market provide one possible means for funding an openly collaborative approach to drug development. We argue that now is therefore the time to evaluate, at scale, whether such methods can deliver new medicines through to patients, in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Klug
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | | | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Frank von Delft
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.,Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | | | | | - Adam P Roberts
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Andrew C Singer
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Matthew H Todd
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
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33
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Kou Z, Miller RJ, Singer AC, Oelze ML. High data rate communications in vivo using ultrasound. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 68:3308-3316. [PMID: 33793395 PMCID: PMC8570574 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3070477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of in-body medical devices has provided a means of capturing physiological or diagnostic information and streaming this information outside of the body. Currently, electromagnetic-based communications make up the bulk of in-body medical device communication protocols. Traditional electromagnetic-based solutions are limited in their data rates and available power. Recently, ultrasound was investigated as a communication channel for through-tissue data transmission. To achieve real-time video streaming through tissue, data rates of ultrasound need to exceed 1 Mbps. In a previous study, we demonstrated ultrasound communications with data rates greater than 30 Mbps with two focused ultrasound transducers using a large footprint laboratory system through slabs of lossy tissues. While the form factor of the transmitter is also crucial, it is obvious that a large, focused transducer cannot fit within the size of a small in-body medical device. Several other challenges for achieving high-speed ultrasonic communication through tissue include strong reflections leading to multipath effects and attenuation. In this work, we demonstrate ultrasonic video communications using a mm-scale microcrystal transmitter with video streaming supplied by a camera connected to a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The signals were transmitted through a tissue-mimicking phantom and through the abdomen of a rabbit in vivo. The ultrasound signal was recorded by an array probe connected to a Verasonics Vantage system and decoded back to video. To improve the received signal quality, we combined the signal from multiple channels of the array probe. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation was used to reduce the receiver complexity under a strong multipath environment.
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34
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Tabak G, Yang S, Miller RJ, Oelze ML, Singer AC. Video-Capable Ultrasonic Wireless Communications Through Biological Tissues. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 2021; 68:664-674. [PMID: 32870788 PMCID: PMC7906945 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2020.3020776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of wireless implanted medical devices (IMDs) is growing because they facilitate monitoring of patients at home and during normal activities, reduce the discomfort of patients, and reduce the likelihood of infection associated with trailing wires. Currently, radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic waves are the most commonly used method for communicating wirelessly with IMDs. However, due to the restrictions on the available bandwidth and the employable power, data rates of RF-based IMDs are limited to 267 kb/s. Considering standard definition video streaming requires data rates of 1.2 Mb/s and high definition requires 3 Mb/s, it is not possible to use the RF electromagnetic communications for high data rate communication applications such as video streaming. In this work, an alternative method that utilizes ultrasonic waves to relay information at high data rates is introduced. An advanced quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modem with phase-compensating, sparse decision feedback equalizer (DFE) is tailored to realize the full potential of the ultrasonic channel through biological tissues. The proposed system is tested in a variety of scenarios, including both simulations with finite impulse response (FIR) channel models, and real physical transmission experiments with ex vivo beef liver and pork chop samples as well as in situ rabbit abdomen. Consequently, the simulations demonstrated that video-capable data rates can be achieved with millimeter-sized transducers. Real physical experiments confirmed data rates of 6.7, 4.4, 4, and 3.2 Mb/s through water, ex vivo beef liver, ex vivo pork chop, and in situ rabbit abdomen, respectively.
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35
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Booton RD, Meeyai A, Alhusein N, Buller H, Feil E, Lambert H, Mongkolsuk S, Pitchforth E, Reyher KK, Sakcamduang W, Satayavivad J, Singer AC, Sringernyuang L, Thamlikitkul V, Vass L, Avison MB, Turner KME. One Health drivers of antibacterial resistance: Quantifying the relative impacts of human, animal and environmental use and transmission. One Health 2021; 12:100220. [PMID: 33644290 PMCID: PMC7892992 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Antibacterial resistance (ABR) is a major global health security threat, with a disproportionate burden on lower-and middle-income countries (LMICs). It is not understood how 'One Health', where human health is co-dependent on animal health and the environment, might impact the burden of ABR in LMICs. Thailand's 2017 "National Strategic Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance" (NSP-AMR) aims to reduce AMR morbidity by 50% through 20% reductions in human and 30% in animal antibacterial use (ABU). There is a need to understand the implications of such a plan within a One Health perspective. Methods A model of ABU, gut colonisation with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria and transmission was calibrated using estimates of the prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria in Thailand. This model was used to project the reduction in human ABR over 20 years (2020-2040) for each One Health driver, including individual transmission rates between humans, animals and the environment, and to estimate the long-term impact of the NSP-AMR intervention. Results The model predicts that human ABU was the most important factor in reducing the colonisation of humans with resistant bacteria (maximum 65.7-99.7% reduction). The NSP-AMR is projected to reduce human colonisation by 6.0-18.8%, with more ambitious targets (30% reductions in human ABU) increasing this to 8.5-24.9%. Conclusions Our model provides a simple framework to explain the mechanisms underpinning ABR, suggesting that future interventions targeting the simultaneous reduction of transmission and ABU would help to control ABR more effectively in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D Booton
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Aronrag Meeyai
- Department of Epidemiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Nour Alhusein
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Henry Buller
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Edward Feil
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Helen Lambert
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Skorn Mongkolsuk
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Emma Pitchforth
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lucy Vass
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Matthew B Avison
- School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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36
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Hassard F, Lundy L, Singer AC, Grimsley J, Di Cesare M. Innovation in wastewater near-source tracking for rapid identification of COVID-19 in schools. Lancet Microbe 2021; 2:e4-e5. [PMID: 33521733 PMCID: PMC7837263 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(20)30193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lian Lundy
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Andrew C Singer
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Wallingford, UK
| | - Jasmine Grimsley
- Joint Biosecurity Centre, Department for Health and Social Care, London, UK
| | - Mariachiara Di Cesare
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK
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37
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King WP, Amos J, Azer M, Baker D, Bashir R, Best C, Bethke E, Boppart SA, Bralts E, Corey RM, Dietkus R, Durack G, Elbel S, Elliott G, Fava J, Goldenfeld N, Goldstein MH, Hayes C, Herndon N, Jamison S, Johnson B, Johnson H, Johnson M, Kolaczynski J, Lee T, Maslov S, McGregor DJ, Milner D, Moller R, Mosley J, Musser A, Newberger M, Null D, O’Bryan L, Oelze M, O’Leary J, Pagano A, Philpott M, Pianfetti B, Pille A, Pizzuto L, Ricconi B, Rubessa M, Rylowicz S, Shipley C, Singer AC, Stewart B, Switzky R, Tawfick S, Wheeler M, White K, Widloski EM, Wood E, Wood C, Wooldridge AR. Emergency ventilator for COVID-19. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244963. [PMID: 33378363 PMCID: PMC7773325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the world in 2020 by spreading at unprecedented rates and causing tens of thousands of fatalities within a few months. The number of deaths dramatically increased in regions where the number of patients in need of hospital care exceeded the availability of care. Many COVID-19 patients experience Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), a condition that can be treated with mechanical ventilation. In response to the need for mechanical ventilators, designed and tested an emergency ventilator (EV) that can control a patient's peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) and breathing rate, while keeping a positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP). This article describes the rapid design, prototyping, and testing of the EV. The development process was enabled by rapid design iterations using additive manufacturing (AM). In the initial design phase, iterations between design, AM, and testing enabled a working prototype within one week. The designs of the 16 different components of the ventilator were locked by additively manufacturing and testing a total of 283 parts having parametrically varied dimensions. In the second stage, AM was used to produce 75 functional prototypes to support engineering evaluation and animal testing. The devices were tested over more than two million cycles. We also developed an electronic monitoring system and with automatic alarm to provide for safe operation, along with training materials and user guides. The final designs are available online under a free license. The designs have been transferred to more than 70 organizations in 15 countries. This project demonstrates the potential for ultra-fast product design, engineering, and testing of medical devices needed for COVID-19 emergency response.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P. King
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Amos
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Magdi Azer
- Applied Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Daniel Baker
- Fast Radius, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Catherine Best
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Eliot Bethke
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth Bralts
- Siebel Center for Design, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Ryan M. Corey
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Rachael Dietkus
- Siebel Center for Design, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Gary Durack
- Tekmill, Champaign, IL, United States of America
| | - Stefan Elbel
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Creative Thermal Solutions, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Greg Elliott
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Jake Fava
- Siebel Center for Design, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Nigel Goldenfeld
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Molly H. Goldstein
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Courtney Hayes
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Nicole Herndon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Shandra Jamison
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Blake Johnson
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Harley Johnson
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Mark Johnson
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | | | - Tonghun Lee
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Sergei Maslov
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Davis J. McGregor
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Derek Milner
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Ralf Moller
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Mosley
- College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Andy Musser
- Creative Thermal Solutions, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | | | - David Null
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Lucas O’Bryan
- Siebel Center for Design, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Michael Oelze
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | | | - Alex Pagano
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Siebel Center for Design, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Michael Philpott
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Brian Pianfetti
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Alex Pille
- Fast Radius, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Luca Pizzuto
- Fast Radius, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Brian Ricconi
- Creative Thermal Solutions, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Marcello Rubessa
- College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Sam Rylowicz
- Fast Radius, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Clifford Shipley
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Andrew C. Singer
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Brian Stewart
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Rachel Switzky
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Sameh Tawfick
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Matthew Wheeler
- College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Karen White
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Evan M. Widloski
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Eric Wood
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Charles Wood
- Fast Radius, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Abigail R. Wooldridge
- Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
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38
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Polo D, Quintela-Baluja M, Corbishley A, Jones DL, Singer AC, Graham DW, Romalde JL. Making waves: Wastewater-based epidemiology for COVID-19 - approaches and challenges for surveillance and prediction. Water Res 2020; 186:116404. [PMID: 32942178 PMCID: PMC7480445 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the feces of infected patients and wastewater has drawn attention, not only to the possibility of fecal-oral transmission but also to the use of wastewater as an epidemiological tool. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted problems in evaluating the epidemiological scope of the disease using classical surveillance approaches, due to a lack of diagnostic capacity, and their application to only a small proportion of the population. As in previous pandemics, statistics, particularly the proportion of the population infected, are believed to be widely underestimated. Furthermore, analysis of only clinical samples cannot predict outbreaks in a timely manner or easily capture asymptomatic carriers. Threfore, community-scale surveillance, including wastewater-based epidemiology, can bridge the broader community and the clinic, becoming a valuable indirect epidemiological prediction tool for SARS-CoV-2 and other pandemic viruses. This article summarizes current knowledge and discusses the critical factors for implementing wastewater-based epidemiology of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Polo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía & Institute CRETUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.
| | - Marcos Quintela-Baluja
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Corbishley
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Davey L Jones
- Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, United Kingdom; UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Andrew C Singer
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology. Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - David W Graham
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Jesús L Romalde
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Facultade de Bioloxía & Institute CRETUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.
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Abstract
Face masks muffle speech and make communication more difficult, especially for people with hearing loss. This study examines the acoustic attenuation caused by different face masks, including medical, cloth, and transparent masks, using a head-shaped loudspeaker and a live human talker. The results suggest that all masks attenuate frequencies above 1 kHz, that attenuation is greatest in front of the talker, and that there is substantial variation between mask types, especially cloth masks with different materials and weaves. Transparent masks have poor acoustic performance compared to both medical and cloth masks. Most masks have little effect on lapel microphones, suggesting that existing sound reinforcement and assistive listening systems may be effective for verbal communication with masks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Corey
- Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Uriah Jones
- Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Andrew C Singer
- Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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40
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Corey RM, Widloski EM, Null D, Ricconi B, Johnson MA, White KC, Amos JR, Pagano A, Oelze ML, Switzky RD, Wheeler MB, Bethke EB, Shipley CF, Singer AC. Low-Complexity System and Algorithm for an Emergency Ventilator Sensor and Alarm. IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst 2020; 14:1088-1096. [PMID: 32870799 PMCID: PMC8545031 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2020.3020702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In response to anticipated shortages of ventilators caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, many organizations have designed low-cost emergency ventilators. Many of these devices are pressure-cycled pneumatic ventilators, which are easy to produce but often do not include the sensing or alarm features found on commercial ventilators. This work reports a low-cost, easy-to-produce electronic sensor and alarm system for pressure-cycled ventilators that estimates clinically useful metrics such as pressure and respiratory rate and sounds an alarm when the ventilator malfunctions. A low-complexity signal processing algorithm uses a pair of nonlinear recursive envelope trackers to monitor the signal from an electronic pressure sensor connected to the patient airway. The algorithm, inspired by those used in hearing aids, requires little memory and performs only a few calculations on each sample so that it can run on nearly any microcontroller.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Corey
- University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | | | - David Null
- University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
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41
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Kirchhelle C, Atkinson P, Broom A, Chuengsatiansup K, Ferreira JP, Fortané N, Frost I, Gradmann C, Hinchliffe S, Hoffman SJ, Lezaun J, Nayiga S, Outterson K, Podolsky SH, Raymond S, Roberts AP, Singer AC, So AD, Sringernyuang L, Tayler E, Rogers Van Katwyk S, Chandler CIR. Setting the standard: multidisciplinary hallmarks for structural, equitable and tracked antibiotic policy. BMJ Glob Health 2020; 5:e003091. [PMID: 32967980 PMCID: PMC7513567 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing concern globally about the enormity of the threats posed by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to human, animal, plant and environmental health. A proliferation of international, national and institutional reports on the problems posed by AMR and the need for antibiotic stewardship have galvanised attention on the global stage. However, the AMR community increasingly laments a lack of action, often identified as an 'implementation gap'. At a policy level, the design of internationally salient solutions that are able to address AMR's interconnected biological and social (historical, political, economic and cultural) dimensions is not straightforward. This multidisciplinary paper responds by asking two basic questions: (A) Is a universal approach to AMR policy and antibiotic stewardship possible? (B) If yes, what hallmarks characterise 'good' antibiotic policy? Our multistage analysis revealed four central challenges facing current international antibiotic policy: metrics, prioritisation, implementation and inequality. In response to this diagnosis, we propose three hallmarks that can support robust international antibiotic policy. Emerging hallmarks for good antibiotic policies are: Structural, Equitable and Tracked. We describe these hallmarks and propose their consideration should aid the design and evaluation of international antibiotic policies with maximal benefit at both local and international scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claas Kirchhelle
- School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Paul Atkinson
- Department of Public Health and Policy/ Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Alex Broom
- School of Social and Political Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Jorge Pinto Ferreira
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Veterinary Products Department, World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Nicolas Fortané
- Irisso, Paris-Dauphine University, PSL, INRAE, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Isabel Frost
- Center for Disease Dynamics Economics and Policy, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christoph Gradmann
- Institute for Health and Society, Dept. of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephen Hinchliffe
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences and Wellcome Centre for Cultures and Environments of Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Steven J Hoffman
- Global Strategy Lab, Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, Faculty of Health and Osgoode Hall Law School, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Javier Lezaun
- Institute for Science, Innovation and Society, School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Susan Nayiga
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Central Region, Uganda
| | - Kevin Outterson
- School of Law, Social Innovation on Drug Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott H Podolsky
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie Raymond
- School of Social and Political Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam P Roberts
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew C Singer
- Pollution, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
| | - Anthony D So
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Innovation + Design Enabling Access (IDEA) Initiative, ReAct - Action on Antibiotic Resistance, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Tayler
- Global Coordination and Partnerships, AMR Division, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Susan Rogers Van Katwyk
- Global Strategy Lab, Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research, Faculty of Health and Osgoode Hall Law School, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clare I R Chandler
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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42
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Eckert EM, Di Cesare A, Fontaneto D, Berendonk TU, Bürgmann H, Cytryn E, Fatta-Kassinos D, Franzetti A, Larsson DGJ, Manaia CM, Pruden A, Singer AC, Udikovic-Kolic N, Corno G. Every fifth published metagenome is not available to science. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000698. [PMID: 32243442 PMCID: PMC7159239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Have you ever sought to use metagenomic DNA sequences reported in scientific publications? Were you successful? Here, we reveal that metagenomes from no fewer than 20% of the papers found in our literature search, published between 2016 and 2019, were not deposited in a repository or were simply inaccessible. The proportion of inaccessible data within the literature has been increasing year-on-year. Noncompliance with Open Data is best predicted by the scientific discipline of the journal. The number of citations, journal type (e.g., Open Access or subscription journals), and publisher are not good predictors of data accessibility. However, many publications in high-impact factor journals do display a higher likelihood of accessible metagenomic data sets. Twenty-first century science demands compliance with the ethical standard of data sharing of metagenomes and DNA sequence data more broadly. Data accessibility must become one of the routine and mandatory components of manuscript submissions-a requirement that should be applicable across the increasing number of disciplines using metagenomics. Compliance must be ensured and reinforced by funders, publishers, editors, reviewers, and, ultimately, the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester M. Eckert
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Verbania Pallanza, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Cesare
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Verbania Pallanza, Italy
| | - Diego Fontaneto
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Verbania Pallanza, Italy
| | | | - Helmut Bürgmann
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Eddie Cytryn
- Institute of Soil Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Despo Fatta-Kassinos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Nireas-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - D. G. Joakim Larsson
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Célia M. Manaia
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina–Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Amy Pruden
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | | | | | - Gianluca Corno
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Verbania Pallanza, Italy
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43
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Singer AC, Kirchhelle C, Roberts AP. (Inter)nationalising the antibiotic research and development pipeline. Lancet Infect Dis 2019; 20:e54-e62. [PMID: 31753765 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30552-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this Personal View, we critically examine the wider context of international efforts to stimulate commercial antibiotic research and development via public-private initiatives. Despite these efforts, antibiotics remain a global resource without an international support structure that is commensurate to the risks from antibiotic-resistant infections and the long-term nature of required solutions. To protect this resource, we propose a two-pronged antibiotic research and development strategy based on a short-term strengthening of incentives (such as market entry rewards) to maximise the delivery of existing opportunities in the pipeline, and on a concurrent medium-term to long-term establishment of a global, publicly funded antibiotic research and development institute. Designed sustainably to deliver novel and first-in-class antibiotics targeting key human health gaps, the institute and its staff would become a global resource that, unlike the private pharmaceutical sector, would be managed as an open science platform. Our model of internationalised public research and development would maximise scientific synergy and cross-fertilisation, minimise replication of effort, acquire and preserve existing know-how, and ensure equitable and sustainable access to novel and effective antibiotics. Its genuinely global focus would also help counteract tendencies to equate donor with global health priorities. Our proposal is not radical. Historical precedent and developments in other research areas show that sustained international funding of publicly owned research can hasten the delivery of critically needed drugs and lower barriers to access.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claas Kirchhelle
- Oxford Martin School and Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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44
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Singer AC, Xu Q, Keller VDJ. Translating antibiotic prescribing into antibiotic resistance in the environment: A hazard characterisation case study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221568. [PMID: 31483803 PMCID: PMC6726141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The environment receives antibiotics through a combination of direct application (e.g., aquaculture and fruit production), as well as indirect release through pharmaceutical manufacturing, sewage and animal manure. Antibiotic concentrations in many sewage-impacted rivers are thought to be sufficient to select for antibiotic resistance genes. Yet, because antibiotics are nearly always found associated with antibiotic-resistant faecal bacteria in wastewater, it is difficult to distinguish the selective role of effluent antibiotics within a 'sea' of gut-derived resistance genes. Here we examine the potential for macrolide and fluoroquinolone prescribing in England to select for resistance in the River Thames catchment, England. We show that 64% and 74% of the length of the modelled catchment is chronically exposed to putative resistance-selecting concentrations (PNEC) of macrolides and fluoroquinolones, respectively. Under current macrolide usage, 115 km of the modelled River Thames catchment (8% of total length) exceeds the PNEC by 5-fold. Similarly, under current fluoroquinolone usage, 223 km of the modelled River Thames catchment (16% of total length) exceeds the PNEC by 5-fold. Our results reveal that if reduced prescribing was the sole mitigating measure, that macrolide and fluoroquinolone prescribing would need to decline by 77% and 85%, respectively, to limit resistance selection in the catchment. Significant reductions in antibiotic prescribing are feasible, but innovation in sewage-treatment will be necessary for achieving substantially-reduced antibiotic loads and inactivation of DNA-pollution from resistant bacteria. Greater confidence is needed in current risk-based targets for antibiotics, particularly in mixtures, to better inform environmental risk assessments and mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Singer
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Benson Lane, Wallingford, United Kingdom
| | - Qiuying Xu
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Benson Lane, Wallingford, United Kingdom
- Environmental Diagnosis and Management, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
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45
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Bürgmann H, Frigon D, H Gaze W, M Manaia C, Pruden A, Singer AC, F Smets B, Zhang T. Water and sanitation: an essential battlefront in the war on antimicrobial resistance. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 94:5033400. [PMID: 29878227 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Water and sanitation represent a key battlefront in combatting the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Basic water sanitation infrastructure is an essential first step towards protecting public health, thereby limiting the spread of pathogens and the need for antibiotics. AMR presents unique human health risks, meriting new risk assessment frameworks specifically adapted to water and sanitation-borne AMR. There are numerous exposure routes to AMR originating from human waste, each of which must be quantified for its relative risk to human health. Wastewater treatment plants play a vital role in centralized collection and treatment of human sewage, but there are numerous unresolved issues in terms of the microbial ecological processes occurring within them and the extent to which they attenuate or amplify AMR. Research is needed to advance understanding of the fate of resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes in various waste management systems, depending on the local constraints and intended reuse applications. World Health Organization and national AMR action plans would benefit from a more holistic 'One Water' understanding. In this article we provide a framework for research, policy, practice and public engagement aimed at limiting the spread of AMR from water and sanitation in low-, medium- and high-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Bürgmann
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Seestrasse 79, Kastanienbaum, 6047, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Frigon
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Room 492, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - William H Gaze
- European Center for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, TR1 3HD, UK
| | - Célia M Manaia
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBFQ- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Robão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Amy Pruden
- Via Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 418 Durham Hall, 1145 Perry Street, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Andrew C Singer
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Barth F Smets
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, DK 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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46
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Abstract
The pipeline for new antibiotics is dry. Despite the creation of public/private initiatives like Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Biopharmaceutical Accelerator (Carb-X) and the Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Centre, the current focus on ‘push-pull’ incentives for the pharmaceutical industry still relies on economic return. We propose a joint, internationally-funded antimicrobial development institute that would fund permanent staff to take on roles previously assigned to pharmaceutical companies. This institute would receive ring-fenced, long-term, core funding from participating countries as well as charities, with the aim to focus on transforming the largely dormant antimicrobial pipeline. Resulting drugs would be sold globally and according to a principle of shared burdens. Our proposed model for antimicrobial development aims to maximise society’s investment, through open science, investment in people, and the sharing of intellectual property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Singer
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Claas Kirchhelle
- Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6PE, UK
| | - Adam P Roberts
- Antimicrobial Chemotherapy and Resistance, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
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47
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Ordentlich O, Tabak G, Hanumolu PK, Singer AC, Wornell GW. A Modulo-Based Architecture for Analog-to-Digital Conversion. IEEE J Sel Top Signal Process 2018; 12:825-840. [PMID: 33747333 PMCID: PMC7970709 DOI: 10.1109/jstsp.2018.2863189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Systems that capture and process analog signals must first acquire them through an analog-to-digital converter. While subsequent digital processing can remove statistical correlations present in the acquired data, the dynamic range of the converter is typically scaled to match that of the input analog signal. The present paper develops an approach for analog-to-digital conversion that aims at minimizing the number of bits per sample at the output of the converter. This is attained by reducing the dynamic range of the analog signal by performing a modulo operation on its amplitude, and then quantizing the result. While the converter itself is universal and agnostic of the statistics of the signal, the decoder operation on the output of the quantizer can exploit the statistical structure in order to unwrap the modulo folding. The performance of this method is shown to approach information theoretical limits, as captured by the rate-distortion function, in various settings. An architecture for modulo analog-to-digital conversion via ring oscillators is suggested, and its merits are numerically demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gizem Tabak
- University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA
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Qiao M, Ying GG, Singer AC, Zhu YG. Review of antibiotic resistance in China and its environment. Environ Int 2018; 110:160-172. [PMID: 29107352 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 781] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global health crisis linked to increased, and often unrestricted, antibiotic use in humans and animals. As one of the world's largest producers and consumers of antibiotics, China is witness to some of the most acute symptoms of this crisis. Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are widely distributed in surface water, sewage treatment plant effluent, soils and animal wastes. The emergence and increased prevalence of ARGs in the clinic/hospitals, especially carbapenem-resistant gram negative bacteria, has raised the concern of public health officials. It is important to understand the current state of antibiotic use in China and its relationship to ARG prevalence and diversity in the environment. Here we review these relationships and their relevance to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends witnessed in the clinical setting. This review highlights the issues of enrichment and dissemination of ARGs in the environment, and also future needs in mitigating the spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment, particularly under the 'planetary health' perspective, i.e., the systems that sustain or threaten human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qiao
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Andrew C Singer
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Johnson AC, Jürgens MD, Nakada N, Hanamoto S, Singer AC, Tanaka H. Linking changes in antibiotic effluent concentrations to flow, removal and consumption in four different UK sewage treatment plants over four years. Environ Pollut 2017; 220:919-926. [PMID: 27839989 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The arrival and discharge of seven antibiotics were monitored at two trickling filter sewage treatment plants of 6000 and 11,000 population equivalents (PE) and two activated sludge plants of 33,000 and 162,000 PE in Southern England. The investigation consisted of 24 h composite samples taken on two separate days every summer from 2012 to 2015 and in the winter of 2015 (January) from influent and effluent. The average influent concentrations generally matched predictions based on England-wide prescription data for trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, azithromycin, oxytetracycline and levofloxacin (within 3-fold), but were 3-10 times less for clarithromycin, whilst tetracycline influent concentrations were 5-17 times greater than expected. Over the four years, effluent concentrations at a single sewage plant varied by up to 16-fold for clarithromycin, 10-fold for levofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole, 7-fold for oxytetracycline, 6-fold for tetracycline, 4-fold for azithromycin and 3-fold for trimethoprim. The study attempted to identify the principal reasons for this variation in effluent concentration. By measuring carbamazepine and using it as a conservative indicator of transport through the treatment process, it was found that flow and hence concentration could alter by up to 5-fold. Measuring influent and effluent concentrations allowed assessments to be made of removal efficiency. In the two activated sludge plants, antibiotic removal rates were similar for the tested antibiotics but could vary by several-fold at the trickling filter plants. However, for clarithromycin and levofloxacin the variations in effluent concentration were above that which could be explained by either flow and/or removal alone so here year on year changes in consumption are likely to have played a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Johnson
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, United Kingdom.
| | - Monika D Jürgens
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Norihide Nakada
- Research Centre for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan
| | - Seiya Hanamoto
- Research Centre for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan
| | - Andrew C Singer
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Research Centre for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan
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Lehmann K, Bell T, Bowes MJ, Amos GCA, Gaze WH, Wellington EMH, Singer AC. Trace levels of sewage effluent are sufficient to increase class 1 integron prevalence in freshwater biofilms without changing the core community. Water Res 2016; 106:163-170. [PMID: 27710799 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Most river systems are impacted by sewage effluent. It remains unclear if there is a lower threshold to the concentration of sewage effluent that can significantly change the structure of the microbial community and its mobile genetic elements in a natural river biofilm. We used novel in situ mesocosms to conduct replicated experiments to study how the addition of low-level concentrations of sewage effluent (nominally 2.5 ppm) affects river biofilms in two contrasting Chalk river systems, the Rivers Kennet and Lambourn (high/low sewage impact, respectively). 16S sequencing and qPCR showed that community composition was not significantly changed by the sewage effluent addition, but class 1 integron prevalence (Lambourn control 0.07% (SE ± 0.01), Lambourn sewage effluent 0.11% (SE ± 0.006), Kennet control 0.56% (SE ± 0.01), Kennet sewage effluent 1.28% (SE ± 0.16)) was significantly greater in the communities exposed to sewage effluent than in the control flumes (ANOVA, F = 5.11, p = 0.045) in both rivers. Furthermore, the difference in integron prevalence between the Kennet control (no sewage effluent addition) and Kennet sewage-treated samples was proportionally greater than the difference in prevalence between the Lambourn control and sewage-treated samples (ANOVA (interaction between treatment and river), F = 6.42, p = 0.028). Mechanisms that lead to such differences could include macronutrient/biofilm or phage/bacteria interactions. Our findings highlight the role that low-level exposure to complex polluting mixtures such as sewage effluent can play in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. The results also highlight that certain conditions, such as macronutrient load, might accelerate spread of antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Lehmann
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK.
| | - Thomas Bell
- Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Michael J Bowes
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | | | - Will H Gaze
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, UK
| | | | - Andrew C Singer
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
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