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Karimi-Sari H, Piggott DA, Scully EP, Ward K, Sutcliffe CG, Sulkowski M, Falade-Nwulia O. Changes in Inflammatory Cytokines After Chronic Hepatitis C Treatment Among People Living With HIV. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofad623. [PMID: 38192382 PMCID: PMC10773550 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the effect of hepatitis C virus cure on serum inflammatory markers among people with HIV. Among 127 people with HIV, serum alanine aminotransferase, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, and inflammatory index score were significantly lower at the 24-week time point in patients who achieved sustained virologic response as compared with those who did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Karimi-Sari
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Damani A Piggott
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eileen P Scully
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathleen Ward
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Catherine G Sutcliffe
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Sulkowski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Oluwaseun Falade-Nwulia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Moretti S, Schietroma I, Sberna G, Maggiorella MT, Sernicola L, Farcomeni S, Giovanetti M, Ciccozzi M, Borsetti A. HIV-1-Host Interaction in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT): Effects on Local Environment and Comorbidities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12193. [PMID: 37569570 PMCID: PMC10418605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 replication in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract causes severe CD4+ T-cell depletion and disruption of the protective epithelial barrier in the intestinal mucosa, causing microbial translocation, the main driver of inflammation and immune activation, even in people living with HIV (PLWH) taking antiretroviral drug therapy. The higher levels of HIV DNA in the gut compared to the blood highlight the importance of the gut as a viral reservoir. CD4+ T-cell subsets in the gut differ in phenotypic characteristics and differentiation status from the ones in other tissues or in peripheral blood, and little is still known about the mechanisms by which the persistence of HIV is maintained at this anatomical site. This review aims to describe the interaction with key subsets of CD4+ T cells in the intestinal mucosa targeted by HIV-1 and the role of gut microbiome and its metabolites in HIV-associated systemic inflammation and immune activation that are crucial in the pathogenesis of HIV infection and related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Moretti
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Ivan Schietroma
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Sberna
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Maria Teresa Maggiorella
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Leonardo Sernicola
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Stefania Farcomeni
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-009, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
- Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Borsetti
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
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3
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Tarancon-Diez L, Carrasco I, Jiménez de Ory S, Berzosa Sánchez A, Hernanz-Lobo A, Montero-Alonso M, Laguno M, Bernardino JI, López-Cortés L, Aldamiz-Echevarría T, Collado P, Bisbal O, Samperiz G, Gavilán C, Ríos MJ, Ibarra S, Navarro ML, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. Long-term evolution in liver disease markers and immune and lipid profiles in vertically HIV/HCV-coinfected youths with sustained viral response after direct-acting antivirals therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114587. [PMID: 37003032 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyse the long-term effect of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in vertically acquired HIV/HCV-coinfected youths. We performed a multicentre, longitudinal and observational study within the Spanish Cohort of HIV-infected children and adolescents and vertically HIV-infected patients transferred to Adult Units (CoRISpe-FARO). We included HIV/HCV-coinfected youths (n = 24) that received DAAs between 2015 and 2017 with successful sustained viral response (SVR) with a subsequent follow-up of at least three years. Long-term evolution in liver disease severity and haematologic markers, lipid and immune profiles after SVR were assessed. Study times were the start date of DAAs treatment (baseline, T0) and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years after SVR (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively). We observed global improvements in liver function data that persist over time and a favourable haematologic and immune outcome at the long-term including a constant augment in leucocytes, neutrophils, neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (NLR) and CD4/CD8 ratio over-time. Regarding the lipid profile, we found a significant increase in total cholesterol T2, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio at T4, triglycerides at T5, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) over time, and a decrease in HDL in all patients but with marked higher levels in the subgroup receiving anti-HIV Protease Inhibitor (PI)-based regimens. Comparisons of vertically HIV/HCV-coinfected youths after SVR at 3-year follow-up and a control group of vertically HIV-monoinfected youths never infected by HCV showed no significant differences in most variables analysed, suggesting a possible normalization in all parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tarancon-Diez
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Itzíar Carrasco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Infecciones en la Población Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Jiménez de Ory
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Infecciones en la Población Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arantxa Berzosa Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Hernanz-Lobo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Infecciones en la Población Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Montero-Alonso
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Laguno
- HIV Unit, Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS AIDS and HIV Research Group, Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose I Bernardino
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; HIV and Infectious Diseases Unit. Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Teresa Aldamiz-Echevarría
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Collado
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - María Luisa Navarro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Infecciones en la Población Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mª Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales yNanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
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Bono V, Tincati C, Van Den Bogaart L, Cannizzo ES, Rovito R, Augello M, De Bona A, D’Arminio Monforte A, Milazzo L, Marchetti G. Gamma-Delta T-Cell Phenotype and Function in DAA-Treated HIV-HCV Co-Infected and HCV-Mono-Infected Subjects. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081594. [PMID: 35893661 PMCID: PMC9329743 DOI: 10.3390/v14081594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-HCV co-infected subjects are at risk of liver fibrosis which may be linked to immune imbalances. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) represent the mainstay of HCV treatment in co-infected individuals, yet their effects on immune cell populations playing a role in fibrogenesis is unknown. We assessed γδ T-cell phenotype and function, Treg and Th17 frequencies, as well as γ-globulins and B-cell activation in 47 HIV-HCV co-infected and 35 HCV mono-infected individuals prior to and following DAA treatment (SVR12). Γδ T-cell activation decreased in both groups yet persisted at higher levels in the HIV-HCV co-infected subjects. No differences were registered in terms of γδT-cell function. Of note, the Vδ2/Th17 ratio, inversely linked to liver damage, increased significantly in the two groups upon treatment, yet a negative correlation between the Vδ2/Th17 ratio and liver function enzymes was found in the co-infected subjects alone. B-cell activation and γ-globulin levels decreased in both settings, yet B-cell activation remained higher in the HIV-HCV co-infected individuals. In HIV-HCV co-infected and HCV mono-infected participants, the effect of DAA was limited to γδ T- and B-cell activation as well as γ-globulin concentrations and the Vδ2/Th17 ratio, with no changes in γδ T-cell function and Treg frequencies. Importantly, γδ T- and B-cell activation remained at higher levels in the co-infected individuals than in those with HCV mono-infection alone. The persistence of such alterations within these cell subsets may be associated with the risk of hepatic and extrahepatic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Bono
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A. di Rudinì, 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; (V.B.); (E.S.C.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (A.D.B.); (A.D.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Camilla Tincati
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A. di Rudinì, 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; (V.B.); (E.S.C.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (A.D.B.); (A.D.M.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +39-02-8184-3064
| | - Lorena Van Den Bogaart
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G. B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy; (L.V.D.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Elvira Stefania Cannizzo
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A. di Rudinì, 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; (V.B.); (E.S.C.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (A.D.B.); (A.D.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Roberta Rovito
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A. di Rudinì, 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; (V.B.); (E.S.C.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (A.D.B.); (A.D.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Matteo Augello
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A. di Rudinì, 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; (V.B.); (E.S.C.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (A.D.B.); (A.D.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Anna De Bona
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A. di Rudinì, 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; (V.B.); (E.S.C.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (A.D.B.); (A.D.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Antonella D’Arminio Monforte
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A. di Rudinì, 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; (V.B.); (E.S.C.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (A.D.B.); (A.D.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Laura Milazzo
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G. B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy; (L.V.D.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Giulia Marchetti
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A. di Rudinì, 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; (V.B.); (E.S.C.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (A.D.B.); (A.D.M.); (G.M.)
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