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Joseph J, Sandel G, Kulkarni R, Alatrash R, Herrera BB, Jain P. Antibody and Cell-Based Therapies against Virus-Induced Cancers in the Context of HIV/AIDS. Pathogens 2023; 13:14. [PMID: 38251321 PMCID: PMC10821063 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious agents, notably viruses, can cause or increase the risk of cancer occurrences. These agents often disrupt normal cellular functions, promote uncontrolled proliferation and growth, and trigger chronic inflammation, leading to cancer. Approximately 20% of all cancer cases in humans are associated with an infectious pathogen. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) recognizes seven viruses as direct oncogenic agents, including Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1), human papilloma virus (HPV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Most viruses linked to increased cancer risk are typically transmitted through contact with contaminated body fluids and high-risk behaviors. The risk of infection can be reduced through vaccinations and routine testing, as well as recognizing and addressing risky behaviors and staying informed about public health concerns. Numerous strategies are currently in pre-clinical phases or undergoing clinical trials for targeting cancers driven by viral infections. Herein, we provide an overview of risk factors associated with increased cancer incidence in people living with HIV (PLWH) as well as other chronic viral infections, and contributing factors such as aging, toxicity from ART, coinfections, and comorbidities. Furthermore, we highlight both antibody- and cell-based strategies directed against virus-induced cancers while also emphasizing approaches aimed at discovering cures or achieving complete remission for affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Joseph
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (J.J.); (G.S.)
| | - Grace Sandel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (J.J.); (G.S.)
| | - Ratuja Kulkarni
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (J.J.); (G.S.)
| | - Reem Alatrash
- Global Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (R.A.); (B.B.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Bobby Brooke Herrera
- Global Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (R.A.); (B.B.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Pooja Jain
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (J.J.); (G.S.)
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Establishment of a Cynomolgus Macaque Model of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Infection by Direct Inoculation of Adult T-Cell Leukemia Patient-Derived Cell Lines for HTLV-1 Infection. J Virol 2022; 96:e0133922. [DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01339-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
HTLV-1 was discovered in the 1980s as the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. However, the precise mechanisms leading to HTLV-1 chronic infection and the onset of the diseases still remain unidentified.
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Tanaka Y, Tanaka R, Imaizumi N, Mizuguchi M, Takahashi Y, Hayashi M, Miyagi T, Uchihara J, Ohshiro K, Masuzaki H, Fukushima T. A protective role of HTLV-1 gp46-specific neutralizing and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity-inducing antibodies in progression to adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). Front Immunol 2022; 13:921606. [PMID: 36177005 PMCID: PMC9513378 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.921606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) establishes a long-term persistent infection in humans and causes malignant T-cell leukemia, adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). HTLV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes have been suggested to play a major role in the immunosurveillance of HTLV-1-infected T cells. However, it remains unclear whether HTLV-1-specific functional antibodies are also involved in the host defense. To explore the role of antibodies in the course of HTLV-1 infection, we quantitated HTLV-1-specific neutralizing and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)-inducing antibody levels in plasma from asymptomatic carriers (ACs) and ATL patients. The levels of neutralizing antibodies, as determined by a syncytium inhibition assay, were significantly lower in acute and chronic ATL patients than in ACs. The levels of ADCC-inducing activity were tested using an autologous pair of HTLV-1-producing cells and cultured natural killer (NK) cells, which showed that the ADCC-inducing activity of IgG at a concentration of 100 µg/ml was comparable between ACs and acute ATL patients. The anti-gp46 antibody IgG levels, determined by ELISA, correlated with those of the neutralizing and ADCC-inducing antibodies. In contrast, the proviral loads did not correlate with any of these antibody levels. NK cells and a monoclonal anti-gp46 antibody reduced the number of HTLV-1 Tax-expressing cells in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with aggressive ATL. These results suggest a protective role for HTLV-1 neutralizing and ADCC-inducing antibodies during the course of HTLV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuetsu Tanaka
- Laboratory of Hemato-Immunology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yuetsu Tanaka,
| | - Reiko Tanaka
- Laboratory of Hemato-Immunology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Naoki Imaizumi
- Laboratory of Clinical Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Mariko Mizuguchi
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Takahashi
- Department of Investigative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Masaki Hayashi
- Department of Hematology, Nakagami Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Miyagi
- Department of Hematology, Heart Life Hospital, Nishihara, Japan
| | | | - Kazuiku Ohshiro
- Department of Hematology, Okinawa Prefectural Nambu Medical Center and Children’s Medical Center, Minami-Haebaru, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Takuya Fukushima
- Laboratory of Hemato-Immunology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
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Couteaudier M, Montange T, Njouom R, Bilounga-Ndongo C, Gessain A, Buseyne F. Plasma antibodies from humans infected with zoonotic simian foamy virus do not inhibit cell-to-cell transmission of the virus despite binding to the surface of infected cells. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010470. [PMID: 35605011 PMCID: PMC9166401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic simian foamy viruses (SFV) establish lifelong infection in their human hosts. Despite repeated transmission of SFV from nonhuman primates to humans, neither transmission between human hosts nor severe clinical manifestations have been reported. We aim to study the immune responses elicited by chronic infection with this retrovirus and previously reported that SFV-infected individuals generate potent neutralizing antibodies that block cell infection by viral particles. Here, we assessed whether human plasma antibodies block SFV cell-to-cell transmission and present the first description of cell-to-cell spreading of zoonotic gorilla SFV. We set-up a microtitration assay to quantify the ability of plasma samples from 20 Central African individuals infected with gorilla SFV and 9 uninfected controls to block cell-associated transmission of zoonotic gorilla SFV strains. We used flow-based cell cytometry and fluorescence microscopy to study envelope protein (Env) localization and the capacity of plasma antibodies to bind to infected cells. We visualized the cell-to-cell spread of SFV by real-time live imaging of a GFP-expressing prototype foamy virus (CI-PFV) strain. None of the samples neutralized cell-associated SFV infection, despite the inhibition of cell-free virus. We detected gorilla SFV Env in the perinuclear region, cytoplasmic vesicles and at the cell surface. We found that plasma antibodies bind to Env located at the surface of cells infected with primary gorilla SFV strains. Extracellular labeling of SFV proteins by human plasma samples showed patchy staining at the base of the cell and dense continuous staining at the cell apex, as well as staining in the intercellular connections that formed when previously connected cells separated from each other. In conclusion, SFV-specific antibodies from infected humans do not block cell-to-cell transmission, at least in vitro, despite their capacity to bind to the surface of infected cells. Trial registration: Clinical trial registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03225794/. Foamy viruses are the oldest known retroviruses and have been mostly described to be nonpathogenic in their natural animal hosts. Simian foamy viruses (SFVs) can be transmitted to humans, in whom they establish persistent infection, as have the simian viruses that led to the emergence of two major human pathogens, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Such cross-species transmission of SFV is ongoing in many parts of the world where humans have contact with nonhuman primates. We previously showed high titers of neutralizing antibodies in the plasma of most SFV-infected individuals. These antiviral antibodies can inhibit cell-free virus entry. However, SFV efficiently spread from one cell to another. Here, we demonstrate that plasma antibodies do not block such cell-to-cell transmission, despite their capacity to bind to the surface of infected cells. In addition, we document for the first time the cell-to-cell spread of primary zoonotic gorilla SFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Couteaudier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Unité d’Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Montange
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Unité d’Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Antoine Gessain
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Unité d’Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Paris, France
| | - Florence Buseyne
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Unité d’Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Sendai virus particles carrying target virus glycoproteins for antibody induction. Vaccine 2022; 40:2420-2431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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