1
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Spiliopoulos O, Solomos Z, Puchner KP. Buruli ulcer, tuberculosis and leprosy: Exploring the One Health dimensions of three most prevalent mycobacterial diseases: A narrative review. Trop Med Int Health 2024; 29:657-667. [PMID: 38994702 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
ΟBJECTIVES: Although Buruli ulcer, tuberculosis, and leprosy are the three most common mycobacterial diseases, One Health dimensions of these infections remain poorly understood. This narrative review aims at exploring the scientific literature with respect to the presence of animal reservoir(s) and other environmental sources for the pathogens of these infections, their role in transmission to humans and the research on/practical implementation of One Health relevant control efforts. METHODS The literature review was conducted using the online databases PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest and Google Scholar, reviewing articles that were written in English in the last 15 years. Grey literature, published by intergovernmental agencies, was also reviewed. RESULTS For the pathogen of Buruli ulcer, evidence suggests possums as a possible animal reservoir and thus having an active role in disease transmission to humans. Cattle and some wildlife species are deemed as established animal reservoirs for tuberculosis pathogens, with a non-negligible proportion of infections in humans being of zoonotic origin. Armadillos constitute an established animal reservoir for leprosy pathogens with the transmission of the disease from armadillos to humans being deemed possible. Lentic environments, soil and other aquatic sources may represent further abiotic reservoirs for viable Buruli ulcer and leprosy pathogens infecting humans. Ongoing investigation and implementation of public health measures, targeting (sapro)zoonotic transmission can be found in all three diseases. CONCLUSION Buruli ulcer, tuberculosis and leprosy exhibit important yet still poorly understood One Health aspects. Despite the microbiological affinity of the respective causative mycobacteria, considerable differences in their animal reservoirs, potential environmental sources and modes of zoonotic transmission are being observed. Whether these differences reflect actual variations between these diseases or rather knowledge gaps remains unclear. For improved disease control, further investigation of zoonotic aspects of all three diseases and formulation of One Health relevant interventions is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestis Spiliopoulos
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Zisimangelos Solomos
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Karl Philipp Puchner
- Laboratory of Primary Health Care, General Medicine and Health Services Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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2
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Ramanujam H, Palaniyandi K. Tuberculosis in wild animals in India. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:2007-2027. [PMID: 38771446 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
India is renowned for its complex megadiverse ecosystems and abundant biodiversity. Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) often remains synonymous with Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle. The domain of tuberculosis (TB) among wild animals, induced by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms (MTBC), is often underexplored and underreported in India. Within this context, instances of wild animal tuberculosis (wTB) have manifested across both captive and free-roaming animals. The sources contributing to wTB in animals can be human, animal, or environmental factors, thus illuminating the complex transmission pathways. The diagnosis of wTB continues to pose a formidable challenge, a consequence of the expansive taxonomic diversity in both the host and the pathogen. Complications inherent in acquiring samples from wildlife, the absence of standardized diagnostic protocols, limited insights into infection prevalence, and resource constraints compound diagnosis. Amidst these, adopting the comprehensive One Health paradigm surfaces as an imperative, accentuating the interconnectedness bridging human, animal, and environmental health. Recognizing key stakeholders and fostering intersectoral collaboration to provide enhanced diagnostic techniques driven by skilled personnel and advanced infrastructure play pivotal roles in a comprehensive strategy. Additionally, leveraging vaccination efforts contributes to effective control. A national wTB surveillance program is a cornerstone, ensuring an integrated and holistic approach to disease management. Through this review, we delve into the current landscape of wTB in India, unveiling its multifaceted challenges, and further explore the multifarious strategies that the One Health approach proffers in this dynamic endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Ramanujam
- Department of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, #1, Mayor Sathiyamoorthy Road, Chennai, 600031, India
| | - Kannan Palaniyandi
- Department of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, #1, Mayor Sathiyamoorthy Road, Chennai, 600031, India.
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3
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Khairullah AR, Moses IB, Kusala MKJ, Tyasningsih W, Ayuti SR, Rantam FA, Fauziah I, Silaen OSM, Puspitasari Y, Aryaloka S, Raharjo HM, Hasib A, Yanestria SM, Nurhidayah N. Unveiling insights into bovine tuberculosis: A comprehensive review. Open Vet J 2024; 14:1330-1344. [PMID: 39055751 PMCID: PMC11268907 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i6.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The frequent zoonotic disease known as "bovine tuberculosis" is brought on by the Mycobacterium bovis bacteria, which can infect both people and animals. The aim of this review article is to provide an explanation of the etiology, history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, transmission, risk factors, public health importance, economic impact, treatment, and control of bovine tuberculosis. Primarily, bovine tuberculosis affects cattle, but other animals may also be affected. Bovine tuberculosis is present throughout the world, with the exception of Antarctica. Cattle that contract bovine tuberculosis might suffer from a persistent, crippling illness. In the early stages of the disease, there are no symptoms. The tuberculin test is the primary method for detecting bovine tuberculosis in cows. Depending on its localized site in the infected animal, M. bovis can be found in respiratory secretions, milk, urine, feces, vaginal secretions, semen, feces, and exudates from lesions (such as lymph node drainage and some skin lesions). This illness generally lowers cattle productivity and could have a negative financial impact on the livestock business, particularly the dairy industry. The most effective first-line anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy consists of isoniazid, ethambutol, rifampin, and streptomycin. Second-line drugs used against bovine tuberculosis include ethionamide, capreomycin, thioacetazone, and cycloserine. To successfully control and eradicate bovine tuberculosis, developed nations have implemented routine testing and culling of infected animals under national mandatory programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Rafif Khairullah
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | | | - Wiwiek Tyasningsih
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Siti Rani Ayuti
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Fedik Abdul Rantam
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ima Fauziah
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Otto Sahat Martua Silaen
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yulianna Puspitasari
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Suhita Aryaloka
- Master Program of Veterinary Agribusiness, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hartanto Mulyo Raharjo
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Abdullah Hasib
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
| | | | - Nanis Nurhidayah
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
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4
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Karmacharya D, Herrero-García G, Luitel B, Rajbhandari R, Balseiro A. Shared infections at the wildlife-livestock interface and their impact on public health, economy, and biodiversity. Anim Front 2024; 14:20-29. [PMID: 38369992 PMCID: PMC10873012 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dibesh Karmacharya
- One Health Division, Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal, 44600 Kathmandu, Nepal
- One Health Division, BIOVAC Nepal, 45210 Nala, Nepal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gloria Herrero-García
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Bibhu Luitel
- One Health Division, BIOVAC Nepal, 45210 Nala, Nepal
| | - Rajesh Rajbhandari
- One Health Division, Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal, 44600 Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ana Balseiro
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
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5
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Pandey A, Feuka AB, Cosgrove M, Moriarty M, Duffiney A, VerCauteren KC, Campa H, Pepin KM. Wildlife vaccination strategies for eliminating bovine tuberculosis in white-tailed deer populations. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011287. [PMID: 38175850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Many pathogens of humans and livestock also infect wildlife that can act as a reservoir and challenge disease control or elimination. Efficient and effective prioritization of research and management actions requires an understanding of the potential for new tools to improve elimination probability with feasible deployment strategies that can be implemented at scale. Wildlife vaccination is gaining interest as a tool for managing several wildlife diseases. To evaluate the effect of vaccinating white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), in combination with harvest, in reducing and eliminating bovine tuberculosis from deer populations in Michigan, we developed a mechanistic age-structured disease transmission model for bovine tuberculosis with integrated disease management. We evaluated the impact of pulse vaccination across a range of vaccine properties. Pulse vaccination was effective for reducing disease prevalence rapidly with even low (30%) to moderate (60%) vaccine coverage of the susceptible and exposed deer population and was further improved when combined with increased harvest. The impact of increased harvest depended on the relative strength of transmission modes, i.e., direct vs indirect transmission. Vaccine coverage and efficacy were the most important vaccine properties for reducing and eliminating disease from the local population. By fitting the model to the core endemic area of bovine tuberculosis in Michigan, USA, we identified feasible integrated management strategies involving vaccination and increased harvest that reduced disease prevalence in free-ranging deer. Few scenarios led to disease elimination due to the chronic nature of bovine tuberculosis. A long-term commitment to regular vaccination campaigns, and further research on increasing vaccines efficacy and uptake rate in free-ranging deer are important for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Pandey
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Abigail B Feuka
- National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Melinda Cosgrove
- Wildlife Disease Laboratory, Wildlife Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Megan Moriarty
- Wildlife Disease Laboratory, Wildlife Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Anthony Duffiney
- Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Okemos, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kurt C VerCauteren
- National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Henry Campa
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kim M Pepin
- National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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6
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Juste RA, Blanco-Vázquez C, Barral M, Prieto JM, Varela-Castro L, Lesellier S, Dave D, Sevilla IA, Martín Ezquerra AB, Adriaensen H, Herrero-García G, Garrido JM, Casais R, Balseiro A. Efficacy of heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis vaccine delivered to European badgers ( Meles meles) through edible bait. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19349. [PMID: 37662827 PMCID: PMC10474426 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Badgers (Meles meles) are a major tuberculosis (TB) reservoir in Europe, with the potential to transmit infection to cattle. Here we assessed whether a recently described oral tuberculosis vaccine based on heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis (HIMB), delivered as edible baits, can protect badgers from infection. Eight badgers were given individually five baits, each one consisting of a ball of peanut butter, natural peanut and oat flakes including a dose of the vaccine containing 5 × 107 colony-forming units. In parallel, a control group of seven badgers did not receive the vaccine. One month and a half later a second dose of the vaccine was offered to the vaccinated group. Ninety-four days after the second dose, all badgers were challenged with M. bovis (103 colony-forming units per animal) delivered endobronchially to the right middle lung lobe. Clinical, immunological, pathological and bacteriological variables were measured throughout the whole study to assess the efficacy of the vaccine. Two vaccinated animals showed high bacterial load of M. bovis and worsening of pathological lesions of TB. Conversely, the other six vaccinated animals showed slight improvement in bacterial load and pathology with respect to the control group. These results suggest that delivering the TB vaccine via food bait can partially protect wild badger populations, although vaccination can lead to either protection or tolerization, likely depending on the animal's immune status and general condition at the time of vaccination. Further optimization of the vaccination trial/strategy is needed to reduce the rate of tolerization, such as altering vaccine dose, number of doses, type of bait, use of adjuvants or route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón A. Juste
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development. Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - Cristina Blanco-Vázquez
- Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), 33394, Asturias, Spain
| | - Marta Barral
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development. Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - José Miguel Prieto
- Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), 33394, Asturias, Spain
| | - Lucía Varela-Castro
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development. Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - Sandrine Lesellier
- Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail (ANSES), 54220, Malzéville, France
| | - Dipesh Dave
- Bacteriology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA, Weybridge), KT15 3NB, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Iker A. Sevilla
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development. Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - Ana Belén Martín Ezquerra
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hans Adriaensen
- PIXANIM Plateform, Service Imagerie, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), UMR PR China, Val-de-Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Gloria Herrero-García
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Joseba M. Garrido
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development. Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - Rosa Casais
- Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), 33394, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana Balseiro
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
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Ahmad I, Raji YE, Hassan L, Samaila A, Aliyu B, Zinsstag J, Fasina FO. Systematic review and meta-analysis of tuberculosis in animals in Nigeria. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17215. [PMID: 37383186 PMCID: PMC10293676 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious and chronic disease caused by mycobacteria belonging to theMycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in domestic and wild animals. MTBC strains infection has been confirmed in many animal species in Nigeria, including captive wildlife, cattle, dromedary camels, goats, and pigs. Despite widespread infection and the potential impact of the disease on public health, active surveillance and control strategies are absent in Nigeria. This study aimed to conduct the first comprehensive meta-analysis to assess the distribution of tuberculosis and analyze the potential moderators of infection in animals in Nigeria. Eligible studies (sixty-one (Cadmus et al., 2014) [61] prevalence and seven (Menzies and Neill, 2000) [7] case reports) were retrieved and included in the analysis. The analyses showed an overall pooled TB prevalence of 7.0% (95% CI: 6.0-8.0) comprising of infection distributed in cattle (8.0%, 95% CI: 7.0-8.0), goats (0.47%, 95% CI: 0-1.2), sheep (0.27%, 95% CI: 0.14-0.46), camels (13.0%, 95% CI: 0-47), and wildlife (13.0%, 95% CI: 9-16) respectively. The occurrence of infection was significantly moderated by the publication periods, geographical location, sample size, and detection methods. TB prevalence was heterogeneous across several predictors, with the year of publication exhibiting a higher rate (46%) of the detected heterogeneity. These findings should provide policy-relevant information to guide the design and establishment of prevention and control measures amenable to the local situations in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Ahmad
- Animal Health and Livestock Development, Gusau, Zamfara, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yakubu Egigogo Raji
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Microbiology Unit, College of Health Sciences Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Latiffah Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdullahi Samaila
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical Sciences, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, Katsina, Nigeria
| | - Basiru Aliyu
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi, Nigeria
| | - Jakob Zinsstag
- Human and Animal Health Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, PO Box, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Folorunso O. Fasina
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Office in Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
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8
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Williams GA, Scott-Baird E, Núñez A, Salguero FJ, Wood E, Houghton S, Vordermeier HM. The safety of BCG vaccination in cattle: results from good laboratory practice safety studies in calves and lactating cows. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12356. [PMID: 36590473 PMCID: PMC9800532 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a global disease of livestock that has damaging economic, animal health and public health consequences. Conventional bTB disease control strategies, based around the testing and slaughter of cattle infected with bTB, are typically used to help limit or reduce the transmission of this disease but in many low- and middle-income countries such strategies may often be economically unviable, culturally unacceptable or logistically impracticable. The use of vaccination to protect cattle against bTB could provide a potentially more affordable, ethically acceptable and practical additional disease control measure. The protective efficacy of the commercially produced and readily available human vaccine against tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin; BCG) in cattle has been demonstrated in many experimental laboratory and field studies. However, Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) studies assessing the safety of BCG vaccination in cattle have not previously been reported. We describe here the results of two GLP safety studies in which calves and lactating cows were vaccinated with BCG (Danish 1331 strain). From an animal health and welfare perspective, the results of these studies indicate that BCG vaccine is well tolerated in these categories of cattle with only transient and minor local or systemic reactions. Furthermore, there was no evidence that BCG was shed in raw milk, saliva or faeces collected from vaccinates and vaccination did not have a detrimental effect on milk yields in lactating cattle. These data, underpinned by GLP principles, further support the existing data on the safety of BCG vaccine in cattle and complement the abundant available cattle efficacy data for this potential cattle bTB vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth A. Williams
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK,Corresponding author.
| | | | - Alejandro Núñez
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | | | - Emma Wood
- Queens Hall, Narberth, Pembs, SA67 7AS, UK
| | - Steve Houghton
- Veterinary Vaccines Consultancy Ltd, Paulerspury, Northants, NN12 7NN, UK
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Schünemann LM, Schuberth HJ. Non-classical monocytes contribute to innate immune training in cattle. Innate Immun 2022; 28:199-210. [PMID: 35876352 PMCID: PMC9389050 DOI: 10.1177/17534259221114219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune training is defined as a property of innate immune cells to react
stronger to a secondary contact with pathogens. Induction of innate immune
training has been reported for a variety of pathogens and selected pattern
recognition receptor-ligands, such as β-glucans (βG). We examined whether
Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall component βG induces
training in bovine monocytes in vitro based on a heightened TNF
secretion after stimulation by trained monocyte-derived macrophages with
Escherichia coli LPS. Sorted CD14-expressing monocytes
(classical and intermediate monocytes), as well as single populations of sorted
classical, intermediate and non-classical monocytes could not be trained by βG,
whereas macrophages derived from plastic-adherent mononuclear cell preparations
displayed features of a trained function. The hypothesis, that non-classical
monocytes need to be present in a mixed monocyte population in order to be
trained by βG could be verified by a successful training of positively sorted
whole monocyte populations (CD14CD16/M) containing all three monocyte
subpopulations. The trainability depended on conditions favoring M1 polarization
of macrophages. Altogether, innate immune training of bovine monocytes seems to
depend on the presence of non-classical monocytes. This adds new information to
the role of this monocyte subpopulation in the bovine immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Schünemann
- Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Schuberth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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Borham M, Oreiby A, El-Gedawy A, Hegazy Y, Khalifa HO, Al-Gaabary M, Matsumoto T. Review on Bovine Tuberculosis: An Emerging Disease Associated with Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium Species. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11070715. [PMID: 35889961 PMCID: PMC9320398 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis is a serious infectious disease affecting a wide range of domesticated and wild animals, representing a worldwide economic and public health burden. The disease is caused by Mycobacteriumbovis and infrequently by other pathogenic mycobacteria. The problem of bovine tuberculosis is complicated when the infection is associated with multidrug and extensively drug resistant M. bovis. Many techniques are used for early diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis, either being antemortem or postmortem, each with its diagnostic merits as well as limitations. Antemortem techniques depend either on cellular or on humoral immune responses, while postmortem diagnosis depends on adequate visual inspection, palpation, and subsequent diagnostic procedures such as bacterial isolation, characteristic histopathology, and PCR to reach the final diagnosis. Recently, sequencing and bioinformatics tools have gained increasing importance for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis, including, but not limited to typing, detection of mutations, phylogenetic analysis, molecular epidemiology, and interactions occurring within the causative mycobacteria. Consequently, the current review includes consideration of bovine tuberculosis as a disease, conventional and recent diagnostic methods, and the emergence of MDR-Mycobacterium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Borham
- Bacteriology Department, Animal Health Research Institute Matrouh Lab, Matrouh 51511, Egypt;
| | - Atef Oreiby
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheik 33516, Egypt; (A.O.); (Y.H.); (M.A.-G.)
| | - Attia El-Gedawy
- Bacteriology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Giza 12618, Egypt;
| | - Yamen Hegazy
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheik 33516, Egypt; (A.O.); (Y.H.); (M.A.-G.)
| | - Hazim O. Khalifa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita 286-0048, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0002, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.O.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Magdy Al-Gaabary
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheik 33516, Egypt; (A.O.); (Y.H.); (M.A.-G.)
| | - Tetsuya Matsumoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita 286-0048, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.O.K.); (T.M.)
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Wedlich N, Figl J, Liebler-Tenorio EM, Köhler H, von Pückler K, Rissmann M, Petow S, Barth SA, Reinhold P, Ulrich R, Grode L, Kaufmann SHE, Menge C. Video Endoscopy-Guided Intrabronchial Spray Inoculation of Mycobacterium bovis in Goats and Comparative Assessment of Lung Lesions With Various Imaging Methods. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:877322. [PMID: 35591868 PMCID: PMC9113525 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.877322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) not only poses a zoonotic threat to humans but also has a significant economic impact on livestock production in many areas of the world. Effective vaccines for humans, livestock, and wildlife are highly desirable to control tuberculosis. Suitable large animal models are indispensable for meaningful assessment of vaccine candidates. Here, we describe the refinement of an animal model for bTB in goats. Intrabronchial inoculation procedure via video-guided endoscopy in anesthetized animals, collection of lungs after intratracheal fixation in situ, and imaging of lungs by computed tomography (CT) were established in three goats using barium sulfate as surrogate inoculum. For subsequent infection experiments, four goats were infected with 4.7 × 102 colony-forming units of M. bovis by intrabronchial inoculation using video-guided endoscopy with spray catheters. Defined amounts of inoculum were deposited at five sites per lung. Four age-matched goats were mock-inoculated. None of the goats developed clinical signs until they were euthanized 5 months post infection, but simultaneous skin testing confirmed bTB infection in all goats inoculated with M. bovis. In tissues collected at necropsy, M. bovis was consistently re-isolated from granulomas in lymph nodes, draining the lungs of all the goats infected with M. bovis. Further dissemination was observed in one goat only. Pulmonary lesions were quantified by CT and digital 2D radiography (DR). CT revealed mineralized lesions in all the infected goats ranging from <5 mm to >10 mm in diameter. Small lesions <5 mm predominated. The DR failed to detect small lesions and to determine the exact location of lesions because of overlapping of pulmonary lobes. Relative volume of pulmonary lesions was low in three but high in one goat that also had extensive cavitation. CT lesions could be correlated to gross pathologic findings and histologic granuloma types in representative pulmonary lobes. In conclusion, video-guided intrabronchial inoculation with spray catheters, mimicking the natural way of infection, resulted in pulmonary infection of goats with M. bovis. CT, but not DR, presented as a highly sensitive method to quantify the extent of pulmonary lesions. This goat model of TB may serve as a model for testing TB vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Wedlich
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Figl
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Elisabeth M. Liebler-Tenorio
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Elisabeth M. Liebler-Tenorio
| | - Heike Köhler
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin von Pückler
- Clinic for Small Animals – Radiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Melanie Rissmann
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Stefanie Petow
- Institute for Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Celle, Germany
| | - Stefanie A. Barth
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Petra Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Reiner Ulrich
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Stefan H. E. Kaufmann
- Director Emeritus, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Emeritus Group for Systems Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Christian Menge
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
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12
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Vaz-Rodrigues R, Ferreras-Colino E, Ugarte-Ruíz M, Pesciaroli M, Thomas J, García-Seco T, Sevilla IA, Pérez-Sancho M, Mateo R, Domínguez L, Gortazar C, Risalde MA. Nonspecific protection of heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis against Salmonella Choleraesuis infection in pigs. Vet Res 2022; 53:31. [PMID: 35436975 PMCID: PMC9014587 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTrained immunity is the capacity of innate immune cells to produce an improved response against a secondary infection after a previous unrelated infection. Salmonellosis represents a public health issue and affects the pig farming industry. In general, vaccination against salmonellosis is still facing problems regarding the control of distinct serovars. Therefore, we hypothesized that an immunostimulant based on heat inactivated Mycobacterium bovis (HIMB) could have an immune training effect in pigs challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis) and decided to explore the amplitude of this non-specific immune response. For this purpose, twenty-four 10 days-old female piglets were randomly separated in three groups: immunized group (n = 10) received orally two doses of HIMB prior to the intratracheal S. Choleraesuis-challenge, positive control group (n = 9) that was only challenged with S. Choleraesuis, and negative control group (n = 5) that was neither immunized nor infected. All individuals were necropsied 21 days post-challenge. HIMB improved weight gain and reduced respiratory symptoms and pulmonary lesions caused by S. Choleraesuis in pigs. Pigs immunized with HIMB showed higher cytokine production, especially of serum TNFα and lung CCL28, an important mediator of mucosal trained immunity. Moreover, immunized pigs showed lower levels of the biomarker of lipid oxidation malondialdehyde and higher activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase than untreated challenged pigs. However, the excretion and tissue colonization of S. Choleraesuis remained unaffected. This proof-of-concept study suggests beneficial clinical, pathological, and heterologous immunological effects against bacterial pathogens within the concept of trained immunity, opening avenues for further research.
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13
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Gormley E, Ní Bhuachalla D, Fitzsimons T, O'Keeffe J, McGrath G, Madden JM, Fogarty N, Kenny K, Messam LLM, Murphy D, Corner LAL. Protective immunity against tuberculosis in a free-living badger population vaccinated orally with Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e10-e19. [PMID: 34331741 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination of badgers with Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been shown to protect badgers against tuberculosis in experimental trials. During the 3-year County Kilkenny BCG vaccine field study, badgers were treated orally with placebo (100% in Zone A), BCG (100% in Zone C) or randomly assigned 50%: 50% treatment with BCG or placebo (Zone B). At the end of the study, 275 badgers were removed from the trial area and subjected to detailed post-mortem examination followed by histology and culture for M. bovis. Among these badgers, 83 (30.2%) were captured for the first time across the three zones, representing a non-treated proportion of the population. Analysis of the data based on the infection status of treated animals showed a prevalence of 52% (95% CI: 40%-63%) infection in Zone A (placebo), 39% (95% CI: 17%-64%) in Zone B (placebo) and 44% (95% CI: 20%-70%) in Zone B (BCG vaccinated) and 24% (95% CI: 14%-36%) in Zone C (BCG vaccinated). There were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of animals with infection involving the lung and thoracic lymph nodes, extra-thoracic infection or in the distribution and severity scores of histological lesions. Among the 83 non-treated badgers removed at the end of the study, the infection prevalence of animals in Zone A (prevalence = 46%, 95% CI: 32%-61%) and Zone B (prevalence = 44%, 95% CI: 23%-67%) was similar to the treated animals in these zones. However, in Zone C, no evidence of infection was found in any of the untreated badgers (prevalence = 0%, 95% CI: 0%-14%). This is consistent with an indirect protective effect in the non-vaccinated badgers leading to a high level of population immunity. The results suggest that BCG vaccination of badgers could be a highly effective means of reducing the incidence of tuberculosis in badger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Gormley
- Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Immunology Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Deirdre Ní Bhuachalla
- Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Immunology Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Tara Fitzsimons
- Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Immunology Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - James O'Keeffe
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Guy McGrath
- UCD Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis (CVERA), School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jamie M Madden
- UCD Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis (CVERA), School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Naomi Fogarty
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Backweston Co., Kildare, Ireland
| | - Kevin Kenny
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Backweston Co., Kildare, Ireland
| | - Locksley L McV Messam
- Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Immunology Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Denise Murphy
- Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Immunology Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Leigh A L Corner
- Tuberculosis Diagnostics and Immunology Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
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14
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Koshkin IN, Vlasenko VS, Kulakov IV. The Effect of Experimental BCG Antigen–Betulin-Derived Conjugates on the Guinea Pig Immunological Response. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021040142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Kelly DJ, Mullen E, Good M. Bovine Tuberculosis: The Emergence of a New Wildlife Maintenance Host in Ireland. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:632525. [PMID: 33842575 PMCID: PMC8027074 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.632525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in herd management, tuberculosis (TB) continues to affect ~0. 5% of Ireland's national cattle herd annually. It is clear that any "final" eradication of TB in cattle will need to address all TB maintenance hosts in the same environment. In Ireland and the UK, European Badgers (Meles meles) are a known TB maintenance host, while deer are recognised as spillover hosts. However, deer have been identified as maintenance hosts in other countries and Sika deer, specifically, have been identified with TB in Ireland. We examined the power of cattle, badger and Sika deer densities (at the county level) to predict cattle TB-breakdowns in Ireland, at both the herd and the individual level, using data collected between 2000 and 2018. Our hypothesis was that any positive correlations between deer density and cattle TB-breakdowns would implicate deer as TB maintenance hosts. Using linear multiple regressions, we found positive correlations between deer density and cattle TB-breakdowns at both the herd and individual levels. Since Sika deer in County Wicklow are known to have TB, we ran further regressions against subsets of data which excluded individual Irish counties. Analyses excluding Wicklow data showed much weaker correlations between Sika deer density and cattle TB-breakdowns at both the herd and individual levels, suggesting that these correlations are strongest in County Wicklow. A similar effect for badger density was seen in County Leitrim. While locally high densities of Sika deer persist in Irish counties, we believe they should be considered an integral part of any TB-control programme for those areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Kelly
- Discipline of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Enda Mullen
- National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Margaret Good
- Discipline of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Independent Researcher and Private Consultant, Dun Laoghaire, Co. Dublin, Ireland
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