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Desire IA, Luqman M, Puspitasari Y, Tyasningsih W, Wardhana DK, Meles DK, Dhamayanti Y, Permatasari DA, Witaningrum AM, Perwitasari ADS, Raharjo HM, Ayuti SR, Kurniawan SC, Kamaruzaman INA, Silaen OSM. First detection of bovine tuberculosis by Ziehl-Neelsen staining and polymerase chain reaction at dairy farms in the Lekok Sub-District, Pasuruan Regency, and Surabaya region, Indonesia. Vet World 2024; 17:577-584. [PMID: 38680137 PMCID: PMC11045540 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.577-584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonotic disease of great public health importance, particularly in Indonesia, where control measures are limited or are not implemented. This study aimed to detect the presence of Mycobacterium pathogens in milk samples from dairy cattle in Pasuruan regency and Surabaya City, East Java, using Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Materials and Methods Milk samples were aseptically collected from 50 cattle in the Lekok Subdistrict, Pasuruan Regency, and 44 from dairy farms in the Lakarsantri Subdistrict, Wonocolo Subdistrict, Mulyorejo Subdistrict, and Kenjeran Subdistrict, Surabaya, East Java. To detect Mycobacteria at the species level, each sample was assessed by Ziehl-Neelsen staining and PCR using the RD1 and RD4 genes. Results The results of PCR assay from 50 samples in Lekok Subdistrict, Pasuruan Regency showed that 30 samples (60%) were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and two samples (4%) were positive for Mycobacterium bovis, although Ziehl-Neelsen staining did not show the presence of Mycobacterium spp. In the Surabaya region, 31 samples (70.45%) were positive for M. tuberculosis and three samples (6.8%) were positive for M. bovis. Six samples (13.63%) from all PCR-positive samples could be detected microscopically with Ziehl-Neelsen. Conclusion The presence of bovine TB in this study supports the importance of using a molecular tool alongside routine surveillance for a better understanding of the epidemiology of bovine TB in East Java.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itfetania Aemilly Desire
- Bachelor Program of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Luqman
- Bachelor Program of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Yulianna Puspitasari
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Wiwiek Tyasningsih
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Dhandy Koesoemo Wardhana
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Dewa Ketut Meles
- Division of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Yeni Dhamayanti
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Dian Ayu Permatasari
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Adiana Mutamsari Witaningrum
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Agnes Dwi Sis Perwitasari
- Department of Tuberculosis, Institute Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Hartanto Mulyo Raharjo
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Siti Rani Ayuti
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Shendy Canadya Kurniawan
- Master Program of Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Specialisation in Molecule, Cell and Organ Functioning, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Intan Noor Aina Kamaruzaman
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Otto Sahat Martua Silaen
- Doctoral Program of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Yanestria SM, Effendi MH, Tyasningsih W, Moses IB, Khairullah AR, Kurniawan SC, Dameanti FNAEP, Ikaratri R, Pratama JWA, Sigit M, Hasib A, Silaen OSM. Antimicrobial resistance patterns and genes of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from chickens in Pasuruan, Indonesia. Open Vet J 2024; 14:759-768. [PMID: 38682147 PMCID: PMC11052610 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Poultry is one of the most prominent sources of Campylobacter jejuni, which is also a major means of transmission to people. Campylobacter jejuni contamination in chicken meat comes from chicken feces because it naturally exists in the intestines of chickens. Aim The purpose of this study is to identify the antibiotic resistance patterns and genes of C. jejuni, which was found in chickens in Pasuruan, Indonesia. Methods The samples used in this study were 200 contents of the small intestine of broiler chickens from 40 farms in Pasuruan Regency. The enriched sample was streaked on the selective media of modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar containing the CCDA selective supplement. Antimicrobial susceptibility test utilizing the Kirby-Bauer diffusion test method in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute standards. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to detect the (hipO), which encodes the C. jejuni strain, fluoroquinolone resistance (gyrA), beta-lactam resistance (blaOXA-61), and tetracycline resistance (tetO) genes. Results The findings revealed a 14% (28/200) prevalence of C. jejuni in the small intestine of broiler chickens. These isolates showed high resistance to enrofloxacin (92.9%). All isolates (100%) were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate. The PCR results showed all C. jejuni isolates (100%) detected the gyrA gene, 96.4% detected the blaOXA-61 gene, and 50% detected the tetO gene. Conclusion The findings of antimicrobial resistance at a high level from the small intestine of broiler chickens illustrate the potential threat to human health. To lessen the effects now and in the future, coordinated and suitable action is needed, as well as steps to guarantee the poultry industry's economic survival and public health insurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Marty Yanestria
- Doctoral Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Mustofa Helmi Effendi
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Wiwiek Tyasningsih
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Aswin Rafif Khairullah
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Shendy Canadya Kurniawan
- Master Program of Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Specialisation in Molecule, Cell and Organ Functioning, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rosmita Ikaratri
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Balai Besar Veteriner Wates, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Junianto Wika Adi Pratama
- Doctoral Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Miarsono Sigit
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Abdullah Hasib
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
| | - Otto Sahat Martua Silaen
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Mustika YR, Kinasih KN, Effendi MH, Puspitasari Y, Kurniawan SC, Khairullah AR, Samodra MEE, Hasib A, Agustin ALD, Moses IB, Silaen OSM. Molecular detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from bat caves on Lombok Island. Open Vet J 2024; 14:699-706. [PMID: 38549568 PMCID: PMC10970129 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The discovery of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae bacteria in wild animals is an indication of their potential for wildlife as a reservoir. Bats are natural reservoir hosts and a source of infection for several microorganisms and have the potential to become vectors for the spread of zoonotic diseases. Aim A study was conducted based on these characteristics to identify and detect the blaTEM gene in Eschericia coli isolated from bat excrements in Tanjung Ringgit Cave, East Lombok. Methods Bat fecal samples were firstly inoculated onto eosin methylene blue agar media. Recovered bacterial isolates were further characterized using standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. blaTEM gene detection was carried out using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Out of the 150 bat fecal samples obtained from Tanjung Ringgit cave, Lombok Island, Indonesia, 56 (37%) were positive for E. coli. Eight (8) out of the 56 E. coli isolates that underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the disc diffusion method were confirmed to be multidrug-resistant as they exhibited resistance to at least three different classes of antibiotics. Out of the eight (8) multidrug resistance E. coli isolates recovered from fecal samples of bats, 2 (two) harbored the blaTEM gene. Conclusion The discovery of the blaTEM gene in bat fecal samples indicates the potential for wild animals, especially bats, to spread ESBL resistance genes to the environment and to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolla Rona Mustika
- Profession Program in Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Master Program in Veterinary Science and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Kurnia Nisa Kinasih
- Profession Program in Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Master Program in Veterinary Science and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mustofa Helmi Effendi
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Yulianna Puspitasari
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Shendy Canadya Kurniawan
- Master Program of Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Specialisation in Molecule, Cell and Organ Functioning, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aswin Rafif Khairullah
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Esa Erlang Samodra
- Bachelor Program in Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Abdullah Hasib
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Queensland
| | - Alfiana Laili Dwi Agustin
- Doctoral Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Otto Sahat Martua Silaen
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Senen, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Khairullah AR, Kurniawan SC, Sudjarwo SA, Effendi MH, Widodo A, Moses IB, Hasib A, Zahra RLA, Gelolodo MA, Kurniawati DA, Riwu KHP, Silaen OSM, Afnani DA, Ramandinianto SC. Kinship analysis of mecA gene of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk and risk factors from the farmers in Blitar, Indonesia. Vet World 2024; 17:216-225. [PMID: 38406357 PMCID: PMC10884576 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.216-225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim There are numerous reports of subclinical mastitis cases in Blitar, which is consistent with the region's high milk production and dairy cattle population. Staphylococcus aureus, which is often the cause of mastitis cases, is widely known because of its multidrug-resistant properties and resistance to β-lactam antibiotic class, especially the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. This study aimed to molecular detection and sequence analysis of the mecA gene in milk and farmer's hand swabs to show that dairy cattle are reservoirs of MRSA strains. Materials and Methods A total of 113 milk samples and 39 farmers' hand swab samples were collected from a dairy farm for the isolation of S. aureus using Mannitol salt agar. The recovered isolates were further characterized using standard microbiological techniques. Isolates confirmed as S. aureus were tested for sensitivity to antibiotics. Oxacillin Resistance Screening Agar Base testing was used to confirm the presence of MRSA, whereas the mecA gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Results A total of 101 samples were confirmed to be S. aureus. There were 2 S. aureus isolates that were multidrug-resistant and 14 S. aureus isolates that were MRSA. The mecA gene was detected in 4/14 (28.6%) phenotypically identified MRSA isolates. Kinship analysis showed identical results between mecA from milk and farmers' hand swabs. No visible nucleotide variation was observed in the two mecA sequences of isolates from Blitar, East Java. Conclusion The spread of MRSA is a serious problem because the risk of zoonotic transmission can occur not only to people who are close to livestock in the workplace, such as dairy farm workers but also to the wider community through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Rafif Khairullah
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Shendy Canadya Kurniawan
- Master Program of Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Specialisation in Molecule, Cell and Organ Functioning, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, Netherlands
| | - Sri Agus Sudjarwo
- Division of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mustofa Helmi Effendi
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Agus Widodo
- Department of Health, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dharmawangsa Dalam Selatan No. 28-30, Kampus B Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki 480211, Nigeria
| | - Abdullah Hasib
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Queensland, Australia
| | - Reichan Lisa Az Zahra
- Profession Program of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Maria Aega Gelolodo
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Jl. Adisucipto Penfui, Kupang 85001, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Ayu Kurniawati
- Indonesia Research Center for Veterinary Science, Jl. RE Martadinata No. 30, Bogor 16114, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Dasan Agung Baru, Mataram 83125, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
| | - Otto Sahat Martua Silaen
- Doctoral Program of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No. 6 Senen, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Daniah Ashri Afnani
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Dasan Agung Baru, Mataram 83125, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
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Kurnia RS, Soebandrio A, Harun VH, Nugroho CMH, Krisnamurti DGB, Poetri ON, Indrawati A, Tarigan S, Natih KKN, Ibrahim F, Sudarmono PP, Silaen OSM. Clostridium perfringens sialidase interaction with Neu5Ac α-Gal sialic acid receptors by in-silico observation and its impact on monolayers cellular behavior structure. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10:667-676. [PMID: 38370892 PMCID: PMC10868698 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2023.j722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to evaluate the effect of Clostridium perfringens sialidase treatment on monolayer cell behavior using computational screening and an in vitro approach to demonstrate interaction between enzyme-based drugs and ligands in host cells. Materials and Methods The in silico study was carried out by molecular docking analysis used to predict the interactions between atoms that occur, followed by genetic characterization of sialidase from a wild isolate. Sialidase, which has undergone further production and purification processes exposed to chicken embryonic fibroblast cell culture, and observations-based structural morphology of cells compared between treated cells and normal cells without treatment. Results Based on an in silico study, C. perfringens sialidase has an excellent binding affinity with Neu5Acα (2.3) Gal ligand receptor with Gibbs energy value (∆G)-7.35 kcal/mol and Ki value of 4.11 µM. Wild C. perfringens isolates in this study have 99.1%-100% similarity to the plc gene, NanH, and NanI genes, while NanJ shows 93.18% similarity compared to the reference isolate from GenBank. Sialidase at 750 and 150 mU may impact the viability, cell count, and cell behavior structure of fibroblast cells by significantly increasing the empty area and perimeter of chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells, while at 30 mU sialidase shows no significant difference compared with mock control. Conclusion Sialidase-derived C. perfringens has the capacity to compete with viral molecules for attachment to host sialic acid based on in silico analysis. However, sialidase treatment has an impact on monolayer cell fibroblasts given exposure to high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Septa Kurnia
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Amin Soebandrio
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Vivi Hardianty Harun
- Biotechnology/Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Okti Nadia Poetri
- Department of Animal Disease and Veterinary Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Agustin Indrawati
- Department of Animal Disease and Veterinary Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Simson Tarigan
- National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Fera Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Otto Sahat Martua Silaen
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Khairullah AR, Kurniawan SC, Hasib A, Silaen OSM, Widodo A, Effendi MH, Ramandinianto SC, Moses IB, Riwu KHP, Yanestria SM. Tracking lethal threat: in-depth review of rabies. Open Vet J 2023; 13:1385-1399. [PMID: 38107233 PMCID: PMC10725282 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i11.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An infectious disease known as rabies (family Rhabdoviridae, genus Lyssavirus) causes severe damage to mammals' central nervous systems (CNS). This illness has been around for a very long time. The majority of human cases of rabies take place in underdeveloped regions of Africa and Asia. Following viral transmission, the Rhabdovirus enters the peripheral nervous system and proceeds to the CNS, where it targets the encephalon and produces encephalomyelitis. Postbite prophylaxis requires laboratory confirmation of rabies in both people and animals. All warm-blooded animals can transmit the Lyssavirus infection, while the virus can also develop in the cells of cold-blooded animals. In the 21st century, more than 3 billion people are in danger of contracting the rabies virus in more than 100 different nations, resulting in an annual death toll of 50,000-59,000. There are three important elements in handling rabies disease in post exposure prophylaxis (PEP), namely wound care, administration of anti-rabies serum, and anti-rabies vaccine. Social costs include death, lost productivity as a result of early death, illness as a result of vaccination side effects, and the psychological toll that exposure to these deadly diseases has on people. Humans are most frequently exposed to canine rabies, especially youngsters and the poor, and there are few resources available to treat or prevent exposure, making prevention of human rabies challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Rafif Khairullah
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Shendy Canadya Kurniawan
- Master Program of Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Specialisation in Molecule, Cell and Organ Functioning, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Abdullah Hasib
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
| | - Otto Sahat Martua Silaen
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Agus Widodo
- Department of Health, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Mustofa Helmi Effendi
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, Mataram, Indonesia
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Widodo A, Lamid M, Effendi MH, Tyasningsih W, Raharjo D, Khairullah AR, Kurniawan SC, Yustinasari LR, Riwu KHP, Silaen OSM. Molecular identification of blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli found in milk samples from dairy cattle farms in Tulungagung, Indonesia. J Vet Res 2023; 67:381-388. [PMID: 37786843 PMCID: PMC10541667 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Escherichia coli is an opportunistic bacteria that can grow easily, produce toxins, and resist antibiotics. The phenomenon of E. coli developing multidrug resistance is currently the subject of extensive research. The objective of this study was to molecularly identify blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli found in milk samples from dairy cattle farms in Tulungagung, Indonesia. Material and Methods One hundred and ten milk samples were collected from 45 dairy cattle farms in Tulungagung, Indonesia. Indole, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer and in citrate tests and triple iron sugar agar tests were used to identify E. coli. Multidrug resistance was determined in isolates through antibiotic sensitivity tests using tetracycline, streptomycin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol and aztreonam. Extended-spectrum beta lactamase enzyme production was confirmed by double-disc synergy test (DDST). Molecular identification was performed to confirm the blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes. Results One hundred and one (91.82%) E. coli strains were isolated from the samples. The antibiotic sensitivity test showed four (3.96%) multidrug-resistant (MDR) and one (0.99%) ESBL-positive E. coli by DDST confirmation. There were three (77.78%) blaTEM genes and one (0.99%) blaCTX-M gene discovered in the MDR E. coli isolates using PCR for molecular identification. Conclusion The findings of the blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes encoding ESBL E. coli in dairy cattle milk in Tulungagung, Indonesia is concerning and argues for prompt action to stop the emergence of antibiotic resistance which has an impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agus Widodo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya60115, East Java, Indonesia
- Department of Health, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mirni Lamid
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mustofa Helmi Effendi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Wiwiek Tyasningsih
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Dadik Raharjo
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Aswin Rafif Khairullah
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Shendy Canadya Kurniawan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen6708 PB, Netherlands
| | - Lita Rakhma Yustinasari
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Mandalika, Mataram83125, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia
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Farizqi MTI, Effendi MH, Adikara RTS, Yudaniayanti IS, Putra GDS, Khairullah AR, Kurniawan SC, Silaen OSM, Ramadhani S, Millannia SK, Kaben SE, Waruwu YKK. Detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli genes isolated from cat rectal swabs at Surabaya Veterinary Hospital, Indonesia. Vet World 2023; 16:1917-1925. [PMID: 37859949 PMCID: PMC10583880 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1917-1925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Escherichia coli causes a bacterial illness that frequently affects cats. Diseases caused by E. coli are treated using antibiotics. Because of their proximity to humans, cats possess an extremely high risk of contracting antibiotic resistance genes when their owners touch cat feces containing E. coli that harbor resistance genes. This study was conducted to identify multidrug-resistant E. coli and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing genes from cat rectal swabs collected at Surabaya City Veterinary Hospital to determine antibiotic sensitivity. Materials and Methods Samples of cat rectal swabs were cultured in Brilliant Green Bile Lactose Broth medium and then streaked on eosin methylene blue agar medium for bacterial isolation, whereas Gram-staining and IMViC tests were conducted to confirm the identification results. The Kirby-Bauer diffusion test was used to determine antibiotic sensitivity, and the double-disk synergy test was used to determine ESBL-producing bacteria. Molecular detection of the genes TEM and CTX-M was performed using a polymerase chain reaction. Results Based on morphological culture, Gram-staining, and biochemical testing, the results of sample inspection showed that of the 100 cat rectal swab samples isolated, 71 (71%) were positive for E. coli. Furthermore, 23 E. coli isolates (32.39%) demonstrated the highest resistance to ampicillin. Four isolates were confirmed to be multidurg-resistant and ESBL-producing strains. Molecular examination revealed that three E. coli isolates harbored TEM and CTX-M. Conclusion In conclusion, pet owners must be educated on the use of antibiotics to improve their knowledge about the risks of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Thoriq Ihza Farizqi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mustofa Helmi Effendi
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - R. Tatang Santanu Adikara
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Ira Sari Yudaniayanti
- Division of Veterinary Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabay, 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Giovanni Dwi Syahni Putra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Aswin Rafif Khairullah
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Shendy Canadya Kurniawan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Specialisation in Molecule, Cell and Organ Functioning, Wageningen University and Research. Wageningen, 6708 PB, Netherlands
| | - Otto Sahat Martua Silaen
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No. 6 Senen, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Safira Ramadhani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Saumi Kirey Millannia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Sergius Erikson Kaben
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Yusac Kristanto Khoda Waruwu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, East Java, Indonesia
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Faridah HD, Wibisono FM, Wibisono FJ, Nisa N, Fatimah F, Effendi MH, Ugbo EN, Khairullah AR, Kurniawan SC, Silaen OSM. Prevalence of the blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes among extended-spectrum beta lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chickens in Indonesia. J Vet Res 2023; 67:179-186. [PMID: 38143821 PMCID: PMC10740326 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Infections of humans and animals by multidrug resistant bacteria are increasing because of the inappropriate use of antibiotics. Disease management may be more challenging if Escherichia coli produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), which could cause resistance to aztreonam and third-generation cephalosporins. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of the blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes among ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from broiler chickens in Indonesia. Material and Methods A total of 115 broiler cloacal swab samples were obtained from 22 farms and studied for the presence of E. coli. The isolates were identified using approved standard methods and were purified on eosin methylene blue agar media. The E. coli isolates were subjected to sensitivity testing using beta-lactam antibiotics, and ESBL production was confirmed by a double-disc synergy test. The presence of the blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes was identified using a PCR. Results It was found that 99/115 (86.1%) of the isolated E. coli were resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics and 34/115 (29.6%) of them were phenotypically detected to be ESBL producers. Of the 34 isolates that were confirmed ESBL producers, 32/34 (94.1%) of them harboured the blaCTX-M and 13/34 (38.2%) the blaTEM genes. The blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes were detected together in 12/34 (35.3%) isolates. Conclusion This study discovered that broiler chickens are possible reservoirs of ESBL-producing E. coli that may infect humans. Thus, a committed public health education campaign is recommended in order to mitigate the potential threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayyun Durrotul Faridah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Freshindy Marissa Wibisono
- Department of Veterinary Disease and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Freshinta Jellia Wibisono
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma, Surabaya60225, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Nabilatun Nisa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Fatimah Fatimah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mustofa Helmi Effendi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Emmanuel Nnabuike Ugbo
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, 480211Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Aswin Rafif Khairullah
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Shendy Canadya Kurniawan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Specialisation in Molecule, Cell and Organ Functioning, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen6708 PB, Netherlands
| | - Otto Sahat Martua Silaen
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta10430, Indonesia
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Khairullah AR, Kurniawan SC, Effendi MH, Sudjarwo SA, Ramandinianto SC, Widodo A, Riwu KHP, Silaen OSM, Rehman S. A review of new emerging livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from pig farms. Vet World 2023; 16:46-58. [PMID: 36855358 PMCID: PMC9967705 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.46-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a S. aureus strain resistant to β-lactam antibiotics and is often associated with livestock, known as livestock-associated (LA)-MRSA. Using molecular typing with multi-locus sequence typing, MRSA clones have been classified in pigs, including clonal complex 398. Livestock-associated-methicillin-resistant S. aureus was first discovered in pigs in the Netherlands in 2005. Since then, it has been widely detected in pigs in other countries. Livestock-associated-methicillin-resistant S. aureus can be transmitted from pigs to pigs, pigs to humans (zoonosis), and humans to humans. This transmission is enabled by several risk factors involved in the pig trade, including the use of antibiotics and zinc, the size and type of the herd, and the pig pen management system. Although LA-MRSA has little impact on the pigs' health, it can be transmitted from pig to pig or from pig to human. This is a serious concern as people in direct contact with pigs are highly predisposed to acquiring LA-MRSA infection. The measures to control LA-MRSA spread in pig farms include conducting periodic LA-MRSA screening tests on pigs and avoiding certain antibiotics in pigs. This study aimed to review the emerging LA-MRSA strains in pig farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Rafif Khairullah
- Doctoral Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Shendy Canadya Kurniawan
- Master Program of Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Specialisation in Molecule, Cell and Organ Functioning, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, Netherlands
| | - Mustofa Helmi Effendi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia,Corresponding author: Mustofa Helmi Effendi, e-mail: Co-authors: ARK: , SCK: , SAS: , SCR: , AW: , KHPR: , OSMS: , SR:
| | - Sri Agus Sudjarwo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Agus Widodo
- Doctoral Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu
- Doctoral Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Otto Sahat Martua Silaen
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No. 6 Senen, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Saifur Rehman
- Doctoral Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
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Kurnia RS, Tarigan S, Nugroho CMH, Silaen OSM, Natalia L, Ibrahim F, Sudarmono PP. Potency of bacterial sialidase Clostridium perfringens as antiviral of Newcastle disease infections using embryonated chicken egg in ovo model. Vet World 2022; 15:1896-1905. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1896-1905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Clostridium toxins are widely used as medicinal agents. Many active metabolic enzymes, including sialidase (neuraminidase), hyaluronidase, and collagenase, contribute to the mechanism of action of these toxins. Sialidase from Clostridium perfringens recognizes and degrades sialic acid receptors in the host cell glycoprotein, glycolipid, and polysaccharide complexes. Sialic acid promotes the adhesion of various pathogens, including viruses, under pathological conditions. This study aimed to investigate the potential of C. perfringens sialidase protein to inhibit Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection in ovo model.
Materials and Methods: C. perfringens was characterized by molecular identification through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and is cultured in a broth medium to produce sialidase. In addition, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis was conducted to characterize the sialidase protein. In contrast, enzymatic activity and protein concentration were carried out using a neuraminidase assay kit and Bradford to obtain suitable active substances. Furthermore, embryonated chicken egg models were used to observe the toxicity of several sialidase doses. Then, the hemagglutination (HA) titer was obtained, and absolute quantitative reverse transcription–PCR assay was performed to measure the viral replication inhibitory activity of sialidase against NDV.
Results: Each isolate had a specific sialidase gene and its product. The sialidase derived from C. perfringens could hydrolyze the sialic acid receptor Neu5Ac (2,6)-Gal higher than Neu5Ac (2,3)Gal in chicken erythrocytes, as observed by enzyme-linked lectin assay. A significant difference (p = 0.05) in the HA titer in the pre-challenge administration group at dosages of 375 mU, 187.5 mU, and 93.75 mU in the competitive inhibition experiment suggests that sialidase inhibits NDV reproduction. Quantification of infective viral copy confirmed the interference of viral replication in the pre-challenge administration group, with a significant difference (p = 0.05) at the treatment doses of 750 mU, 375 mU, and 46.87 mU.
Conclusion: The potency of sialidase obtained from C. perfringens was shown in this study, given its ability to reduce the viral titer and copy number in allantoic fluids without adversely impacting the toxicity of the chicken embryo at different concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Septa Kurnia
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Simson Tarigan
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | | | - Otto Sahat Martua Silaen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Lily Natalia
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Fera Ibrahim
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Pratiwi Pudjilestari Sudarmono
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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12
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Nugroho CMH, Kurnia RS, Tarigan S, Silaen OSM, Triwidyaningtyas S, Wibawan IWT, Natalia L, Takdir AK, Soebandrio A. Screening and purification of NanB sialidase from Pasteurella multocida with activity in hydrolyzing sialic acid Neu5Acα(2–6)Gal and Neu5Acα(2–3)Gal. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9425. [PMID: 35676312 PMCID: PMC9177577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Study on sialidases as antiviral agents has been widely performed, but many types of sialidase have not been tested for their antiviral activity. Pasteurella multocida NanB sialidase is one such sialidase that has never been isolated for further research. In this study, the activity of NanB sialidase was investigated in silico by docking the NanB sialidase of Pasteurella multocida to the Neu5Acα(2–6)Gal and Neu5Acα(2–3)Gal ligands. Additionally, some local isolates of Pasteurella multocida, which had the NanB gene were screened, and the proteins were isolated for further testing regarding their activity in hydrolyzing Neu5Acα(2–6)Gal and Neu5Acα(2–3)Gal. Silico studies showed that the NanB sialidase possesses an exceptional affinity towards forming a protein–ligand complex with Neu5Acα(2–6)Gal and Neu5Acα(2–3)Gal. NanB sialidase of Pasteurella multocida B018 at 0.129 U/mL and 0.258 U/mL doses can hydrolyze Neu5Acα(2–6)Gal and Neu5Acα(2–3)Gal better than other doses. In addition, those doses can inhibit effectively H9N2 viral binding to red blood cells. This study suggested that the NanB sialidase of Pasteurella multocida B018 has a potent antiviral activity because can hydrolyze sialic acid on red blood cells surface and inhibit the H9N2 viral binding to the cells.
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Kurnia RS, Setiawaty R, Natih KKN, Nugroho CMH, Silaen OSM, Widyaningtyas ST, Tarigan S, Ibrahim F, Sudarmono PP. Evaluation of inhibitor activity of bacterial sialidase from Clostridium perfringens against Newcastle disease virus in the cell culture model using chicken embryo fibroblast. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9:335-345. [PMID: 35891661 PMCID: PMC9298094 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2022.i600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an infectious disease that causes very high
economic losses due to decreased livestock production and poultry deaths. The
vaccine’s ineffectiveness due to mutation of the genetic structure of the virus
impacts obstacles in controlling the disease, especially in some endemic areas. This
study aimed to provide an alternative treatment for NDV infection by observing the viral
replication inhibitor activity of Clostridium perfringens sialidase in
primary chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells. Materials and Methods: The virus was adapted in CEF monolayer cells, then collected thrice using the
freeze–thaw method and stored at −20°C for the next step in the challenge procedure.
C. perfringens crude sialidase was obtained, but it was further
purified via stepwise elution in ion exchange using Q Sepharose® Fast Flow
and affinity chromatography with oxamic acid agarose. The purified sialidase was tested
for its toxicity, ability to breakdown sialic acid, stopping viral replication, and how
treated cells expressed their genes. Results: According to this study, purified C. perfringens sialidase at dosages
of 187.5, 93.75, and 46.87 mU effectively hydrolyzes CEF cells’ sialic acid and
significantly inhibits viral replication on the treated cells. However, sialidase
dosages of 375 and 750 mU affected the viability of monolayer CEF cells. Interestingly,
downregulation of toll-like receptor (TLR)3 and TLR7 (p < 0.05) in
the sialidase-treated group indicates viral endocytosis failure. Conclusions: By stopping endocytosis and viral replication in host cells, sialidase from C.
perfringens can be used as an alternative preventive treatment for NDV
infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Septa Kurnia
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine,
Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rahajeng Setiawaty
- National Veterinary Drug Assay Laboratory (NVDAL), Raya
Pembangunan Gunung Sindur, Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | | | - Simson Tarigan
- Indonesian Research Centre for Veterinary Science, Bogor,
Indonesia
| | - Fera Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine,
Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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14
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Nugroho CMH, Silaen OSM, Kurnia RS, Soejoedono RD, Poetri ON, Soebandrio A. Isolation and molecular characterization of the hemagglutinin gene of H9N2 avian influenza viruses from poultry in Java, Indonesia. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021; 8:423-434. [PMID: 34722740 PMCID: PMC8520164 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2021.h530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9N2 circulating in Indonesia has raised increasing concern about its impact on poultry and its public health risks. In this study, the H9N2 virus from chicken poultry farms in Java was isolated and characterized molecularly. Materials and Methods: Thirty-three pooled samples of chicken brain, cloacal swab, trachea, and oviduct were taken from multiple chickens infected with AIV in five regions of Java, Indonesia. The samples were isolated from specific pathogenic-free embryonated eggs that were 9 days old. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and sequencing were used to identify H9N2 viruses. Results: This study was successful in detecting and characterizing 13 H9N2 isolates. The sequencing analysis of hemagglutinin genes revealed a 96.9%–98.8% similarity to the H9N2 AIV isolated from Vietnam in 2014 (A/muscovy duck/Vietnam/LBM719/2014). According to the phylogenetic analysis, all recent H9N2 viruses were members of the lineage Y280 and clade h9.4.2.5. Nine of the H9N2 isolates studied showed PSKSSR↓GLF motifs at the cleavage site, while four had PSKSSR↓GLF. Notably, all contemporary viruses have leucine (L) at position 216 in the receptor-binding region, indicating that the virus can interact with a human-like receptor. Conclusion: This study described the features of recent H9N2 viruses spreading in Java’s poultry industry. Additionally, H9N2 infection prevention and management must be implemented to avoid the occurrence of virus mutations in the Indonesian poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryan Septa Kurnia
- Doctoral Program Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Retno Damajanti Soejoedono
- Department of Animal Diseases and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Okti Nadia Poetri
- Department of Animal Diseases and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Amin Soebandrio
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Silaen OSM, Murtini S, Pamungkas J, Nugroho CMH. Isolation and molecular characterization of fowl aviadenovirus associated with inclusion body hepatitis from poultry in Banten and West Java, Indonesia. Vet World 2020; 13:1940-1946. [PMID: 33132609 PMCID: PMC7566239 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1940-1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Fowl avidenoviruses (FAdVs) are generally considered ubiquitous, but certain serotypes and strains are known to be associated with primary diseases, such as inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). Since 2018, the outbreak of IBH has been reported in part provinces of Indonesia. This study aimed to isolate and molecularly characterize the FAdV from Banten and West Java Provinces of Indonesia and described the phylogenetic relationship with the FAdV that has been characterized in other countries. Materials and Methods: A total of 25 FAdV archive samples have been collected from January to August 2019 from clinical cases of FAdV infection in Banten and West Java Provinces, Indonesia. Collected samples were inoculated in 10-day-old specific-pathogenic-free chicken embryonated eggs. Hexon gene of FAdV was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a primer set from previous study. To gain a better understanding of the FAdV genetic properties and construct the phylogeny tree, the PCR products were sequenced and subjected to a BLAST search and inferred using the neighbor-joining method by bootstrap test 1000×. Results: FAdV-D and FAdV-E are present in Banten, Indonesia. The phylogenetic analysis of 850 nucleotides that encode 289 amino acid of the partial hexon gene shows that the isolates Broiler/MSL/Ciputat-149/18, Broiler/MSL/Lebak-151/18, and Broiler/MSL/Ciputat-29/19 have 100% homology with FAdV-E TR/BVKE/R/D-1 from Turkey, whereas the isolates Layer/MSL/Ciputat-20/19 and Broiler/MSL/Ciputat-30/19 have 100% homology with FAdV-D strain 685 from Canada. Conclusion: The present study provides updates of the circulating FAdV in commercial poultry flocks in Banten and West Java Provinces, Indonesia. Since the FAdV vaccine was unavailable in Indonesia, this result might be used as guidance to select a proper FAdV vaccine strain. Our result indicates that at least two FAdV species were circulating among poultry in Banten and West Java Provinces, Indonesia; they are FAdV-D and FAdV-E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Sahat Martua Silaen
- Department of Animal Infectious Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.,Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory, PT Medika Satwa Laboratories, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Sri Murtini
- Department of Animal Infectious Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Joko Pamungkas
- Department of Animal Infectious Disease and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
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