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Esmaeili Y, Mohammadi Z, Khavani M, Sanati A, Shariati L, Seyedhosseini Ghaheh H, Bidram E, Zarrabi A. Fluorescence anisotropy cytosensing of folate receptor positive tumor cells using 3D polyurethane-GO-foams modified with folic acid: molecular dynamics and in vitro studies. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:44. [PMID: 36602637 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Integrated polyurethane (PU)-based foams modified with PEGylated graphene oxide and folic acid (PU@GO-PEG-FA) were developed with the goal of capturing and detecting tumor cells with precision. The detection of the modified PU@GO-PEG surface through FA against folate receptor-overexpressed tumor cells is the basis for tumor cell capture. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were applied to study the strength of FA interactions with the folate receptor. Based on the obtained results, the folate receptor has intense interactions with FA, which leads to the reduction in the FA interactions with PEG, and so decreases the fluorescence intensity of the biosensor. The synergistic interactions offer the FA-modified foams a high efficiency for capturing the tumor cell. Using a turn-off fluorescence technique based on the complicated interaction of FA-folate receptor generated by target recognition, the enhanced capture tumor cells could be directly read out at excitation-emission wavelengths of 380-450 nm. The working range is between 1×10 2 to 2×10 4 cells mL -1 with a detection limit of 25 cells mL -1 and good reproducibility with relative standard deviation of 2.35%. Overall, findings demonstrate that the fluorescence-based biosensor has a significant advantage for early tumor cell diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Esmaeili
- Biosensor Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohammadi
- Biosensor Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khavani
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Alireza Sanati
- Biosensor Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Laleh Shariati
- Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezarjerib Ave, 8174673461, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hooria Seyedhosseini Ghaheh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Bidram
- Biosensor Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34396, Turkey.
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Chadchan KS, Teradale AB, Ganesh PS, Das SN. Simultaneous sensing of mesalazine and folic acid at poly (murexide) modified glassy carbon electrode surface. MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2022; 290:126538. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.126538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
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Brusač E, Jeličić ML, AmidŽić Klarić D, Nigović B, Keser S, Mornar A. Development of a HPLC-DAD stability-indicating method and compatibility study of azathioprine and folic acid as a prerequisite for a monolayer fixed-dose combination. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1422-1431. [PMID: 33687392 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00294e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adherence in chronic diseases is a major problem which can be combated by prescribing fixed-dose combinations in the therapy of the disease. Thus, a combination of azathioprine and folic acid in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease is highly required, but prior to formulation development, chemical compatibility of the two drugs needs to be investigated. In this work, differential scanning calorimetry, isothermal stress testing, in vitro dissolution and forced degradation studies were utilized to investigate compatibility. Moreover, a stability-indicating HPLC-DAD method for the determination of parent drugs and five of their impurities was developed, validated and applied to the in-house sample. Compatibility testing revealed no noteworthy interactions of the two drug substances. Furthermore, forced degradation showed no substantial differences between the degradation profiles of each active pharmaceutical ingredient, their mixture and the in-house sample, further reinforcing the claim of compatibility. Lastly, the in-house sample was analyzed: it was shown to conform to the requirements of relevant regulatory documents for all the investigated analytes, demonstrating the method's viability for use in formulation and process development. Our results give way to the possibility of realization of said fixed-dose combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvin Brusač
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy of Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Jeličić ML, Brusač E, Kurajica S, Cvetnić M, Amidžić Klarić D, Nigović B, Mornar A. Drug-Drug Compatibility Evaluation of Sulfasalazine and Folic Acid for Fixed-Dose Combination Development Using Various Analytical Tools. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:400. [PMID: 33802955 PMCID: PMC8002613 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The simultaneous administration of sulfasalazine and folic acid is regular practice in the therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases in order to maintain sufficient folate concentration in patients. Having multiple drugs in the therapy increases the possibility of patients failing adherence, thus unintentionally endangering their health. A fixed-dose combination of sulfasalazine and folic would simplify the classical polytherapeutic approach; however, the physicochemical compatibility investigation of two active pharmaceutical ingredients plays an important role in the development of such a product. In this work, various analytical tools were used to determine the physicochemical compatibility of sulfasalazine and folic acid. For the evaluation of chemical compatibility, infrared spectroscopy in combination with advanced statistical methods, such as the principal component analysis and cluster analysis, were used, whilst a simultaneous thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis gave us an insight into the physical compatibility of two drugs. Isothermal stress testing, forced degradation and dissolution studies, followed by the analysis with a developed chromatographic method for the monitoring of folic acid, sulfasalazine and two of its related impurities, sulfapyridine and salicylic acid, gave us an insight into its chemical compatibility. The combination of the results obtained from the used techniques implies a satisfactory physicochemical compatibility between sulfasalazine and folic acid, which opens the path to the development of the proposed fixed-dose combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario-Livio Jeličić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.-L.J.); (E.B.); (D.A.K.); (B.N.)
| | - Edvin Brusač
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.-L.J.); (E.B.); (D.A.K.); (B.N.)
| | - Stanislav Kurajica
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulić Square 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Matija Cvetnić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulić Square 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Daniela Amidžić Klarić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.-L.J.); (E.B.); (D.A.K.); (B.N.)
| | - Biljana Nigović
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.-L.J.); (E.B.); (D.A.K.); (B.N.)
| | - Ana Mornar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.-L.J.); (E.B.); (D.A.K.); (B.N.)
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Brusač E, Jeličić ML, Cvetnić M, Amidžić Klarić D, Nigović B, Mornar A. A Comprehensive Approach to Compatibility Testing Using Chromatographic, Thermal and Spectroscopic Techniques: Evaluation of Potential for a Monolayer Fixed-Dose Combination of 6-Mercaptopurine and Folic Acid. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030274. [PMID: 33802871 PMCID: PMC8002671 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a systematical compatibility investigation of 6-mercaptopurine and folic acid, two commonly used medications in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, for the needs of a fixed-dose combination development strategy is shown. Various techniques and approaches, such as differential scanning calorimetry, isothermal stress testing, attenuated total reflectance–Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dissolution medium stability and forced degradation studies, were used to elucidate the possible interactions from different aspects. The results predominantly point to the absence of physicochemical interactions between the examined substances in a variety of possible conditions. However, the forced degradation of the blend of substances and excipients in basic conditions showed a drastic degradation of 6-mercaptopurine, signifying that attention needs to be directed to the careful selection of the excipients for the formulation. To sum up, our findings indicate that a fixed-dose combination of 6-mercaptopurine and folic acid could be produced using one formulation blend, immensely simplifying its manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvin Brusač
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.B.); (M.-L.J.); (D.A.K.); (B.N.)
| | - Mario-Livio Jeličić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.B.); (M.-L.J.); (D.A.K.); (B.N.)
| | - Matija Cvetnić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Daniela Amidžić Klarić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.B.); (M.-L.J.); (D.A.K.); (B.N.)
| | - Biljana Nigović
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.B.); (M.-L.J.); (D.A.K.); (B.N.)
| | - Ana Mornar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.B.); (M.-L.J.); (D.A.K.); (B.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-481-8288
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