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Aljuhani A, Alsehli M, Seleem MA, Alraqa SY, Ahmed HEA, Rezki N, Aouad MR. Exploring of N-phthalimide-linked 1,2,3-triazole analogues with promising -anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity: synthesis, biological screening, and molecular modelling studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2351861. [PMID: 38847308 PMCID: PMC11164105 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2351861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a library of phthalimide Schiff base linked to 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles was designed, synthesised, and characterised by different spectral analyses. All analogues have been introduced for in vitro assay of their antiviral activity against COVID-19 virus using Vero cell as incubator with different concentrations. The data revealed most of these derivatives showed potent cellular anti-COVID-19 activity and prevent viral growth by more than 90% at two different concentrations with no or weak cytotoxic effect on Vero cells. Furthermore, in vitro assay was done against this enzyme for all analogues and the results showed two of them have IC50 data by 90 µM inhibitory activity. An extensive molecular docking simulation was run to analyse their antiviral mechanism that found the proper non-covalent interaction within the Mpro protease enzyme. Finally, we profiled two reversible inhibitors, COOH and F substituted analogues that might be promising drug candidates for further development have been discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mosa Alsehli
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Seleem
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr, City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaya Y. Alraqa
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany E. A. Ahmed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr, City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadjet Rezki
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed R. Aouad
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Agarwal U, Verma S, Tonk RK. Chromenone: An emerging scaffold in anti-Alzheimer drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 111:129912. [PMID: 39089526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a growing global health concern. In recent decades, natural and synthetic chromenone have emerged as promising drug candidates due to their multi-target potential. Natural chromenone, quercetin, scopoletin, esculetin, coumestrol, umbelliferone, bergapten, and methoxsalen (xanthotoxin), and synthetic chromenone hybrids comprising structures like acridine, 4-aminophenyl, 3-arylcoumarins, quinoline, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,3-triazole, and tacrine, have been explored for their potential to combat AD. Key reactions used for synthesis of chromenone hybrids include Perkin and Pechmann condensation. The activity of chromenone hybrids has been reported against several drug targets, including AChE, BuChE, BACE-1, and MAO-A/B. This review comprehensively explores natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic chromenone, elucidating their synthetic routes, possible mode of action/drug targets and structure-activity relationships (SAR). The acquired knowledge provides valuable insights for the development of new chromenone hybrids against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research University, Delhi 110017, India
| | - Saroj Verma
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K.R. Mangalam University, Gurugram 122103, India.
| | - Rajiv K Tonk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research University, Delhi 110017, India.
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3
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Tan LJ, Lei WJ, Liu MM, Cai ZD, Jiang HL, Liu R, Li ZR. Discovery of cinnamamide/ester triazole hybrids as potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107584. [PMID: 38964146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Developing multitargeted ligands as promising therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been considered important. Herein, a novel class of cinnamamide/ester-triazole hybrids with multifaceted effects on AD was developed based on the multitarget-directed ligands strategy. Thirty-seven cinnamamide/ester-triazole hybrids were synthesized, with most exhibiting significant inhibitory activity against Aβ-induced toxicity at a single concentration in vitro. The most optimal hybrid compound 4j inhibited copper-induced Aβ toxicity in AD cells. its action was superior to that of donepezil and memantine. It also moderately inhibited intracellular AChE activity and presented favorable bioavailability and blood-brain barrier penetration with low toxicity in vivo. Of note, it ameliorated cognitive impairment, neuronal degeneration, and Aβ deposition in Aβ1-42-injured mice. Mechanistically, the compound regulated APP processing by promoting the ADAM10-associated nonamyloidogenic signaling and inhibiting the BACE1-mediated amyloidogenic pathway. Moreover, it suppressed intracellular AChE activity and tau phosphorylation. Therefore, compound 4j may be a promising multitargeted active molecule against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Jie Tan
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wen-Ju Lei
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mi-Min Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhong-Di Cai
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hai-Lun Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Zhuo-Rong Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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4
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Laghchioua F, da Silva CFM, Pinto DCGA, Cavaleiro JA, Mendes RF, Paz FAA, Faustino MAF, Rakib EM, Neves MGPMS, Pereira F, Moura NMM. Design of Promising Thiazoloindazole-Based Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Guided by Molecular Docking and Experimental Insights. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2853-2869. [PMID: 39037949 PMCID: PMC11311138 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by a progressive deterioration of cognitive function and memory loss, and it is closely associated with the dysregulation of cholinergic neurotransmission. Since acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a critical enzyme in the nervous system, responsible for breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, its inhibition holds a significant interest in the treatment of various neurological disorders. Therefore, it is crucial to develop efficient AChE inhibitors capable of increasing acetylcholine levels, ultimately leading to improved cholinergic neurotransmission. The results reported here represent a step forward in the development of novel thiazoloindazole-based compounds that have the potential to serve as effective AChE inhibitors. Molecular docking studies revealed that certain of the evaluated nitroindazole-based compounds outperformed donepezil, a well-known AChE inhibitor used in Alzheimer's disease treatment. Sustained by these findings, two series of compounds were synthesized. One series included a triazole moiety (Tl45a-c), while the other incorporated a carbazole moiety (Tl58a-c). These compounds were isolated in yields ranging from 66 to 87% through nucleophilic substitution and Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions. Among the synthesized compounds, the thiazoloindazole-based 6b core derivatives emerged as selective AChE inhibitors, exhibiting remarkable IC50 values of less than 1.0 μM. Notably, derivative Tl45b displays superior performance as an AChE inhibitor, boasting the lowest IC50 (0.071 ± 0.014 μM). Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis indicated that derivatives containing the bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-triazolyl group demonstrated the most promising activity against AChE, when compared to more rigid substituents such as carbazolyl moiety. The combination of molecular docking and experimental synthesis provides a suitable and promising strategy for the development of new efficient thiazoloindazole-based AChE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima
Ezzahra Laghchioua
- Laboratory
of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Faculty of Sciences
and Technics, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Carlos F. M. da Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana C. G. A. Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José A.
S. Cavaleiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo F. Mendes
- CICECO
− Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Filipe A. Almeida Paz
- CICECO
− Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria A. F. Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - El Mostapha Rakib
- Laboratory
of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Faculty of Sciences
and Technics, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco
- Higher
School of Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane
University, BP 336, Fkih Ben Salah, Morocco
| | | | - Florbela Pereira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Nuno M. M. Moura
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Shareghi-Boroujeni D, Iraji A, Dara M, Hashempur MH, Zare S, Hariri R, Akbarzadeh T, Saeedi M. Synthesis of novel hybrids of 1,2,3-triazoles-hydrazone: targeting cholinesterases and Alzheimer's related genes. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:1519-1535. [PMID: 38864182 PMCID: PMC11370907 DOI: 10.1080/17568919.2024.2359894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: A new series of 1,2,3-triazole-hydrazone derivatives were developed to evaluate their anti-Alzheimer's activity. Materials & methods: All compounds were screened toward cholinesterases via the modified Ellman's method. The toxicity assay on SH-SY5Y cells was performed using the MTT assay, and the expression levels of GSK-3α, GSK-3β, DYRK1 and CDK5 were assessed in the presence of compounds 6m and 6p.Results:6m and 6p; acting as mixed-type inhibitors, exhibited promising acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, respectively. 6m demonstrated no toxicity under tested concentrations on the SH-SY5Y cells and positively impacted neurodegenerative pathways. Notably, 6m displayed a significant downregulation in mRNA levels of GSK-3α, GSK-3β and CDK5.Conclusion: The target compounds could be considered in developing anti-Alzheimer's disease agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diba Shareghi-Boroujeni
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine & History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahintaj Dara
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashem Hashempur
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine & History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Zare
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Roshanak Hariri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Akbarzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Persian Medicine & Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Saeedi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Persian Medicine & Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Orioli R, Belluti F, Gobbi S, Rampa A, Bisi A. Naturally Inspired Coumarin Derivatives in Alzheimer's Disease Drug Discovery: Latest Advances and Current Challenges. Molecules 2024; 29:3514. [PMID: 39124919 PMCID: PMC11313984 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The main feature of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, is the network of complex and not fully recognized neuronal pathways and targets involved in their onset and progression. The therapeutic treatment, at present mainly symptomatic, could benefit from a polypharmacological approach based on the development of a single molecular entity designed to simultaneously modulate different validated biological targets. This strategy is principally based on molecular hybridization, obtained by linking or merging different chemical moieties acting with synergistic and/or complementary mechanisms. The coumarin core, widely found in nature, endowed with a recognized broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, large synthetic accessibility and favourable pharmacokinetic properties, appears as a valuable, privileged scaffold to be properly modified in order to obtain compounds able to engage different selected targets. The scientific literature has long been interested in the multifaceted profiles of coumarin derivatives, and in this review, a survey of the most important results of the last four years, on both natural and synthetic coumarin-based compounds, regarding the development of anti-Alzheimer's compounds is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Angela Rampa
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.O.); (F.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Alessandra Bisi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.O.); (F.B.); (S.G.)
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7
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El Allouche Y, Alaqarbeh M, El Aissouq A, El Rhabori S, Ech-Chahdi Y, Bouachrine M, Zaitan H, Khalil F. Chemoinformatics Study of Benzodiazepine-1, 2, 3-triazole Derivatives Targeting Butyrylcholinesterase. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03812-8. [PMID: 38884828 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the potential bioactivity of newly designed benzodiazepine-1,2,3-triazole derivatives using in-silico methodologies, with a primary focus on elucidating their inhibitory interactions with the butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzyme, which is implicated in Alzheimer's disease. We employed multiple linear regression (MLR) methods to conduct a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis on a collection of 31 benzodiazepine-1,2,3-triazole derivatives, with the goal of investigating, assessing, and predicting their activities, as well as designing novel compounds. This approach yielded highly accurate results, with coefficients of determination (R²) of 0.77 and 0.81 for the training and test datasets, respectively. Additionally, the optimized compounds were subjected to an Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) analysis, demonstrating their potential as non-hepatotoxic agents with enhanced absorption and blood-brain barrier permeability. To further validate these findings, the most favorable docking conformations were analyzed using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with GROMACS software, predicting the stability of the formed complexes. These simulations underscored the critical role of hydrogen bonds in stabilizing the compounds at the BuChE receptor binding site. The results hold great promise for the development of innovative benzodiazepine-1,2,3-triazole derivatives as effective BuChE inhibitors, potentially leading to therapeutic interventions for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine El Allouche
- Laboratory of Processes, Materials, and Environment (LPME), Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Marwa Alaqarbeh
- Basic Science Department, Prince Al Hussein bin Abdullah II Academy for Civil Protection, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, 19117, Jordan
| | - Abdellah El Aissouq
- Laboratory of Processes, Materials, and Environment (LPME), Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Said El Rhabori
- Laboratory of Processes, Materials, and Environment (LPME), Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Youssra Ech-Chahdi
- Laboratory of Processes, Materials, and Environment (LPME), Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bouachrine
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Hicham Zaitan
- Laboratory of Processes, Materials, and Environment (LPME), Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Fouad Khalil
- Laboratory of Processes, Materials, and Environment (LPME), Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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8
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Semenov VA, Larina LI. Stereochemical and Computational NMR Survey of 1,2,3-Triazoles: in Search of the Original Tauto-Conformers. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:3231-3240. [PMID: 38512800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c08217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The conformational analysis of nine functionalized 1,2,3-triazoles was carried out by the correlation of calculated and experimental high-level nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts. In solution, the studied triazoles are in exchange dynamic equilibrium caused by their prototropic tautomerism of the NH-proton. The experimentally unresolved NMR signals were assigned for most of the compounds. A more thorough survey was conducted for 4-t-butyl-1,2,3-triazole-5-carbaldehyde oxime. The analysis performed within the framework of the DP4+ formalism completely confirmed the hypothesis of the predominance of the 2H-tautomer. Thus, the methodology for estimating stereochemical structures in the absence of some experimental data allowed the most stable conformations for dynamic systems with different tautomeric ratios to be reliably identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin A Semenov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Favorsky st. 1, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Lyudmila I Larina
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Favorsky st. 1, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
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9
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Ullah S, Halim SA, Waqas M, Mansoor F, Avula SK, Khan FA, Perviaz M, Ogaly HA, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. Biochemical and computational inhibition of α-glucosidase by novel metronidazole-linked 1 H-1,2,3-triazole and carboxylate moieties: kinetics and dynamic investigations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38433423 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2322622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, metronidazole derivatives containing 1H-1,2,3-triazole and carboxylate moieties were evaluated in vitro and by computational methods for their anti-diabetic potential to insight into their medicinal use for the management of type II diabetes mellitus. Interestingly all 14 compounds displayed high to significant inhibitory capability against the key carbohydrate's digestive enzyme α-glucosidase with IC50 values in range of 9.73-56.39 μM, as compared to marketed drug acarbose (IC50 = 873.34 ± 1.67 μM). Compounds 5i and 7c exhibited the highest inhibition, therefore, these two compounds were further evaluated for their mechanistic studies to explore its type of inhibition. Compounds 5i and 7c both displayed a concentration-dependent (competitive type of inhibition) with Ki values 7.14 ± 0.01, 6.15 ± 0.02 μM, respectively, which conclude their favourable interactions with the active site residues of the α-glucosidase. Interestingly all compounds are non-cytotoxic against BJ cell line. To further validate our findings, in-silico approaches like molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulations were applied to investigate the mode of bindings of compounds with the enzyme and identifies their inhibition mechanism, which strongly complements our experimental findings.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Farheen Mansoor
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Satya Kumar Avula
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Farhan A Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Perviaz
- Department of Basic & Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hanan A Ogaly
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
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10
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Kurth S, Li T, Hausker A, Evans WE, Dabre R, Müller E, Kervinen J. Separation of full and empty adeno-associated virus capsids by anion-exchange chromatography using choline-type salts. Anal Biochem 2024; 686:115421. [PMID: 38061416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Development of clinically desirable adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors with optimal genome design requires rapid and accurate analytical methods to assess AAV quality. Anion-exchange (AEX) chromatography provides a powerful analytical method for full/empty AAV capsid ratio determination. However, the current AEX methodology for separation of empty and full AAV capsids largely relies on the use of the highly toxic tetramethylammonium chloride (TMAC). Here, we describe a novel analytical AEX method for separation of empty and full AAV capsids that uses only non-toxic, choline-type compounds that contain structural similarity to the quaternary ammonium ligand present on the surface of AEX resin. Choline-Cl gradient, combined with sensitive fluorescence detection, allowed a safe and effective separation of empty and full AAV capsids with reproducible empty/full ratio determination. The choline-based assay was suitable for commonly used serotypes, AAV2, AAV5, AAV6, and AAV8. The limit of detection was ∼3.9 × 108 virus particles in the assay. A gradient-hold step-gradient elution with choline-Cl resulted in enhanced baseline separation of empty and full AAV8 capsids. In summary, the use of choline-Cl in the AEX assay is recommended for empty/full capsid ratio determination and other applications in AAV production, and it eliminates the necessity of using toxic TMAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Kurth
- Tosoh Bioscience LLC, 3604 Horizon Drive, King of Prussia, PA, 19406, USA
| | - Tianyu Li
- Tosoh Bioscience LLC, 3604 Horizon Drive, King of Prussia, PA, 19406, USA
| | - Alana Hausker
- Tosoh Bioscience LLC, 3604 Horizon Drive, King of Prussia, PA, 19406, USA
| | - William E Evans
- Tosoh Bioscience LLC, 3604 Horizon Drive, King of Prussia, PA, 19406, USA
| | - Romain Dabre
- Tosoh Bioscience GmbH, Im Leuschnerpark 4, 64347, Griesheim, Germany
| | - Egbert Müller
- Tosoh Bioscience GmbH, Im Leuschnerpark 4, 64347, Griesheim, Germany
| | - Jukka Kervinen
- Tosoh Bioscience LLC, 3604 Horizon Drive, King of Prussia, PA, 19406, USA.
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11
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Irfan M, Khan HA, Bibi S, Wu G, Ali A, Khan SG, Alhokbany N, Rasool F, Chen K. Exploration of nonlinear optical properties of 4-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)-N-phenylpropanamide based derivatives: experimental and DFT approach. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2732. [PMID: 38302494 PMCID: PMC10834427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51788-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Triazoles, nitrogen-containing heterocycles, have gained attention for their applications in medicinal chemistry, drug discovery, agrochemicals, and material sciences. In the current study, we synthesized novel derivatives of N-substituted 2-((5-(3-bromophenyl)-4-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)-N-phenylpropanamide and conducted a comprehensive investigation using density functional theory (DFT). These novel structural hybrids of 1,2,4-triazole were synthesized through the multi-step chemical modifications of 3-bromobenzoic acid (1). Initially, compound 1 was converted into its methyl-3-bromobenzoate (2) which was then transformed into 3-bromobenzohydrazide (3). The final step involved the cyclization of compound 3, producing its 1,2,4-triazole derivative (4). This intermediate was then coupled with different electrophiles, resulting in the formation of the final derivatives (7a-7c). Additionally, the characterization of these triazole-based compounds (7a, 7b, and 7c) were carried out using techniques such as IR, HNMR, and UV-visible spectroscopy to understand their structural and spectroscopic properties. The DFT study utilized M06/6-311G(d,p) functional to investigate geometrical parameters, HOMO-LUMO energies, natural bond orbital analyses, transition density matrix (TDM), density of states, and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. The FMO analysis revealed that compound 7c exhibited the lowest band gap value (4.618 eV). Notably, compound 7c exhibited significant linear polarizability (4.195 > × 10-23) and first and second hyperpolarizabilities (6.317 > × 10-30, 4.314 × 10-35), signifying its potential for nonlinear optical applications. These NLO characteristics imply that each of our compounds, especially 7c, plays a crucial part in fabricating materials showing promising NLO properties for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shamsa Bibi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Samreen Gul Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Norah Alhokbany
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiz Rasool
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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12
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Palafox MA, Belskaya NP, Kostova IP. Study of the Molecular Architectures of 2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2 H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic Acid Using Their Vibrational Spectra, Quantum Chemical Calculations and Molecular Docking with MMP-2 Receptor. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2686. [PMID: 38140027 PMCID: PMC10747663 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
1,2,3-triazole skeleton is a valuable building block for the discovery of new promising anticancer agents. In the present work, the molecular structure of the synthesized anticancer drug 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid (1b) and its anionic form (2b) was characterized by means of the B3LYP, M06-2X and MP2 quantum chemical methods, optimizing their monomer, cyclic dimer and stacking forms using the Gaussian16 program package. The molecular structure was found to be slightly out of plane. The good agreement between the IR and Raman bands experimentally observed in the solid state with those calculated theoretically confirms the synthesized structures. All of the bands were accurately assigned according to functional calculations (DFT) in the monomer and dimer forms, together with the polynomic scaling equation procedure (PSE). Therefore, the effect of the substituents on the triazole ring and the effect of the chlorine atom on the molecular structure and on the vibrational spectra were evaluated through comparison with its non-substituted form. Through molecular docking calculations, it was evaluated as to how molecule 1b interacts with few amino acids of the MMP-2 metalloproteinase receptor, using Sybyl-X 2.0 software. Thus, the relevance of triazole scaffolds in established hydrogen bond-type interactions was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Alcolea Palafox
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nataliya P. Belskaya
- Department of Technology for Organic Synthesis, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620012 Yekaterinburg, Russia;
| | - Irena P. Kostova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
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13
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Carreiro EP, Costa AR, Antunes CM, Ernesto S, Pinto F, Rodrigues B, Burke AJ. Quercetin-1,2,3-Triazole Hybrids as Multifunctional Anti-Alzheimer's Agents. Molecules 2023; 28:7495. [PMID: 38005217 PMCID: PMC10673615 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) continues to rise and, despite the efforts of researchers, there are still no effective treatments for this multifaceted disease. The main objective of this work was the search for multifunctional and more effective anti-Alzheimer agents. Herein, we report the evaluation of a library of quercetin-1,2,3-triazole hybrids (I-IV) in antioxidant, hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress protection, and cholinesterases (AChE and BuChE) inhibitory activities. Hybrids IIf and IVa-d showed potent in vitro inhibitory activity on eqBuChE (IC50 values between 11.2 and 65.7 μM). Hybrid IIf, the best inhibitor, was stronger than galantamine, displaying an IC50 value of 11.2 μM for eqBuChE, and is also a competitive inhibitor. Moreover, toxicity evaluation for the most promising hybrids was performed using the Artemia salina toxicity assay, showing low toxicity. Hybrids IIf, IVb, and IVd did not affect viability at 12.5 μM and also displayed a protective effect against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in cell damage in MCF-7 cells. Hybrids IIf, IVb, and IVd act as multifunctional ligands in AD pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete P. Carreiro
- Institute for Research and Advanced Training (IIFA), LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Ana R. Costa
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Health and Human Development, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Institute of Research and Advanced Training, University of Évora, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
- Academic Clinical Center of Alentejo, C-TRAIL, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Célia M. Antunes
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Health and Human Development, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Institute of Research and Advanced Training, University of Évora, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
- Academic Clinical Center of Alentejo, C-TRAIL, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Sofia Ernesto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Technologies, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Flávia Pinto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Technologies, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Technologies, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Anthony J. Burke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Technologies, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
- Faculty Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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14
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Singh A, Singh K, Kaur J, Kaur R, Sharma A, Kaur J, Kaur U, Chadha R, Bedi PMS. Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease and Diversity of 1,2,3-Triazole Scaffold in Drug Development: Design Strategies, Structural Insights, and Therapeutic Potential. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3291-3317. [PMID: 37683129 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a most prevalent form of dementia all around the globe and currently poses a significant challenge to the healthcare system. Currently available drugs only slow the progression of this disease rather than provide proper containment. Identification of multiple targets responsible for this disease in the last three decades established it as a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder that needs novel multifunctional agents for its management and the possible reason for the failure of currently available single target clinical drugs. 1,2,3-Triazole is a miraculous nucleus in medicinal chemistry and the first choice for development of multifunctional hybrid molecules. Apart from that, it is an integral component of various drugs in clinical trials as well as in clinical practice. This review is focused on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and 1,2,3-triazole containing derivatives developed in recent decades as potential anti-Alzheimer's agents. The review will provide (A) precise insight of various established targets of Alzheimer's disease including cholinergic, amyloid, tau, monoamine oxidases, glutamate, calcium, and reactive oxygen species hypothesis and (B) design hypothesis, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacological outcomes of 1,2,3-triazole containing multifunctional anti-Alzheimer's agents. This review will provide a baseline for various research groups working on Alzheimer's drug development in designing potent, safer, and effective multifunctional anti-Alzheimer's candidates of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atamjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Karanvir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Jashandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Ramanpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Jasleen Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Uttam Kaur
- University School of Business, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Renu Chadha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Preet Mohinder Singh Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
- Drug and Pollution Testing Laboratory, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
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15
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Suwanhom P, Nualnoi T, Khongkow P, Tipmanee V, Lomlim L. Novel Lawsone-Quinoxaline Hybrids as New Dual Binding Site Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:32498-32511. [PMID: 37720764 PMCID: PMC10500570 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
A new family of lawsone-quinoxaline hybrids was designed, synthesized, and evaluated as dual binding site cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs). In vitro tests revealed that compound 6d was the most potent AChEI (IC50 = 20 nM) and BChEI (IC50 = 220 nM). The compound 6d did not show cytotoxicity against the SH-SY5Y neuronal cells (GI50 > 100 μM). In silico and enzyme kinetic experiments demonstrated that compound 6d bound to both the catalytic anionic site and the peripheral anionic site of HuAChE. The lawsone-quinoxaline hybrids exhibited potential for further development of potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paptawan Suwanhom
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Phytomedicine
and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellent Center (PPBEC), Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla
University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Teerapat Nualnoi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Pasarat Khongkow
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Varomyalin Tipmanee
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Luelak Lomlim
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Phytomedicine
and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellent Center (PPBEC), Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla
University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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16
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Todorov L, Kostova I. 1,2,3-Triazoles and their metal chelates with antimicrobial activity. Front Chem 2023; 11:1247805. [PMID: 37638102 PMCID: PMC10448507 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1247805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant bacterial and fungal pathogens has highlighted the urgent need of innovative antimicrobial therapeutics. Transition metal complexes with biologically active ligands (coumarins, terpyridines, triazoles, uracils, etc.) have long been investigated for antimicrobial activity. 1,2,3-Triazoles and their molecular derivatives are well known for a plethora of physiological activities, including antibacterial and antifungal. The aim of the present mini-review is to inform the reader about research conducted on potential antimicrobial 1,2,3-triazole complexes with transition metals. What the authors find surprising is how little such research and experimentation has actually been performed and reported in scientific literature. The goal is to highlight research efforts up to now and impress upon the reader the vast perspectives for novel, effective medicinal substances hidden in this yet unexplored field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lozan Todorov
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University—Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Irena Kostova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University—Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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17
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Marinescu M. Benzimidazole-Triazole Hybrids as Antimicrobial and Antiviral Agents: A Systematic Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1220. [PMID: 37508316 PMCID: PMC10376251 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections have attracted the attention of researchers in recent decades, especially due to the special problems they have faced, such as their increasing diversity and resistance to antibiotic treatment. The emergence and development of the SARS-CoV-2 infection stimulated even more research to find new structures with antimicrobial and antiviral properties. Among the heterocyclic compounds with remarkable therapeutic properties, benzimidazoles, and triazoles stand out, possessing antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, anti-Alzheimer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidiabetic, or anti-ulcer activities. In addition, the literature of the last decade reports benzimidazole-triazole hybrids with improved biological properties compared to the properties of simple mono-heterocyclic compounds. This review aims to provide an update on the synthesis methods of these hybrids, along with their antimicrobial and antiviral activities, as well as the structure-activity relationship reported in the literature. It was found that the presence of certain groups grafted onto the benzimidazole and/or triazole nuclei (-F, -Cl, -Br, -CF3, -NO2, -CN, -CHO, -OH, OCH3, COOCH3), as well as the presence of some heterocycles (pyridine, pyrimidine, thiazole, indole, isoxazole, thiadiazole, coumarin) increases the antimicrobial activity of benzimidazole-triazole hybrids. Also, the presence of the oxygen or sulfur atom in the bridge connecting the benzimidazole and triazole rings generally increases the antimicrobial activity of the hybrids. The literature mentions only benzimidazole-1,2,3-triazole hybrids with antiviral properties. Both for antimicrobial and antiviral hybrids, the presence of an additional triazole ring increases their biological activity, which is in agreement with the three-dimensional binding mode of compounds. This review summarizes the advances of benzimidazole triazole derivatives as potential antimicrobial and antiviral agents covering articles published from 2000 to 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marinescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
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