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Oanh VT, Phong NV, Min BS, Yang SY, Kim JA. Insights into the inhibitory activities of neolignans and diarylnonanoid derivatives from nutmeg ( Myristica fragrans Houtt.) seeds on soluble epoxide hydrolase using in vitro and in silico approaches. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2251099. [PMID: 37638797 PMCID: PMC10464555 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2251099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new neolignans, myrifralignans F-G (14 and 18), four new diarylnonanoid derivatives, myrifragranones A-D (21-24), and 18 known compounds were isolated and structurally elucidated from nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) seeds. The absolute configurations of these secondary metabolites were determined using the electronic circular dichroism technique. The inhibitory potential of these isolated compounds on soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) was investigated for the first time. Among them, malabaricones B and C (19 and 20) and four new compounds 21-24 displayed inhibitory activities against sEH, with IC50 values ranging from 14.24 to 46.35 µM. Additionally, the binding mechanism, key binding interactions, stability, and dynamic behaviour of the active compounds with the sEH enzyme were analysed using in silico molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Our findings suggest that nutmeg could become a promising natural source for discovering and developing new sEH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Thi Oanh
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Biotechnology Department, Vietnam – Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Thach Hoa, Thach That, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Viet Phong
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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2
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Xu J, Qiu X, Yu G, Ly M, Yang J, Silva RM, Zhang X, Yu M, Wang Y, Hammock B, Pinkerton KE, Zhao D. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor can protect the femoral head against tobacco smoke exposure-induced osteonecrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Toxicology 2022; 465:153045. [PMID: 34801612 PMCID: PMC9484547 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to tobacco smoke (TS) has been considered a risk factor for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors (sEHIs) have been found to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in a variety of pathologies. This study was designed to assess the effect of sEHI on the development of ONFH phenotypes induced by TS exposure in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats. SH and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were exposed to filtered air (FA) or TS (80 mg/m3 particulate concentration) 6 h/day, 3 days/week for 8 weeks. During this period, sEHI was delivered through drinking water at a concentration of 6 mg/L. Histology, immunohistochemistry, and micro-CT morphometry were performed for phenotypic evaluation. As results, TS exposure induced significant increases in adipocyte area, bone specific surface (BS/BV), and trabecular separation (Tb.SP), as well as significant decreases in bone mineral density (BMD), percent trabecular area (Tb.Ar), HIF-1a expression, bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular numbers (Tb.N), and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) in both SH and WKY rats. However, the protective effects of sEHI were mainly observed in TS-exposed SH rats, specifically in the density of osteocytes, BMD, Tb.Ar, HIF-1a expression, BV/TV, BS/BV, Tb.N, and Tb.SP. Our study confirms that TS exposure can induce ONFH especially in SH rats, and suggests that sEHI therapy may protect against TS exposure-induced osteonecrotic changes in the femoral head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Xu
- Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xing Qiu
- Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Gary Yu
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria Ly
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rona M Silva
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xun Zhang
- Neuroendocrine Research Laboratory, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mang Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yinong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kent E Pinkerton
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dewei Zhao
- Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China.
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3
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Wagner KM, Yang J, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Deletion Limits High-Fat Diet-Induced Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:778470. [PMID: 34975481 PMCID: PMC8719166 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.778470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzyme is a major regulator of bioactive lipids. The enzyme is highly expressed in liver and kidney and modulates levels of endogenous epoxy-fatty acids, which have pleiotropic biological effects including limiting inflammation, neuroinflammation, and hypertension. It has been hypothesized that inhibiting sEH has beneficial effects on limiting obesity and metabolic disease as well. There is a body of literature published on these effects, but typically only male subjects have been included. Here, we investigate the role of sEH in both male and female mice and use a global sEH knockout mouse model to compare the effects of diet and diet-induced obesity. The results demonstrate that sEH activity in the liver is modulated by high-fat diets more in male than in female mice. In addition, we characterized the sEH activity in high fat content tissues and demonstrated the influence of diet on levels of bioactive epoxy-fatty acids. The sEH KO animals had generally increased epoxy-fatty acids compared to wild-type mice but gained less body weight on higher-fat diets. Generally, proinflammatory prostaglandins and triglycerides were also lower in livers of sEH KO mice fed HFD. Thus, sEH activity, prostaglandins, and triglycerides increase in male mice on high-fat diet but are all limited by sEH ablation. Additionally, these changes also occur in female mice though at a different magnitude and are also improved by knockout of the sEH enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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4
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Wang S, Ishima T, Qu Y, Shan J, Chang L, Wei Y, Zhang J, Pu Y, Fujita Y, Tan Y, Wang X, Ma L, Wan X, Hammock BD, Hashimoto K. Ingestion of Faecalibaculum rodentium causes depression-like phenotypes in resilient Ephx2 knock-out mice: A role of brain-gut-microbiota axis via the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve. J Affect Disord 2021; 292:565-573. [PMID: 34147969 PMCID: PMC8282729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain-gut-microbiota axis plays a crucial role in the bidirectional interactions between the brain and the gut. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (coded by the Ephx2 gene) plays an important role in inflammation, which has been implicated in stress-related depression. Ephx2 knock-out (KO) mice exposed to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) did not show depression-like behaviors, indicating stress resilience. Here we examined whether the brain-gut-microbiota axis influences the resilience in Ephx2 KO mice. METHODS Effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from CSDS-susceptible (or control) mice in wild-type (WT) mice and Ephx2 KO mice treated with an antibiotic cocktail (ABX) were investigated. Behavioral, biochemical tests and 16S ribosome RNA analysis were performed. RESULTS FMT from CSDS-susceptible mice produced anhedonia-like behavior in ABX-treated WT and Ephx2 KO mice. The 16S ribosome RNA analysis showed that Faecalibaculum rodentium (F. rodentium) may be responsible for the observed anhedonia-like behavior following FMT from CSDS-susceptible mice. Ingestion of F. rodentium for 14 days produced depression- and anhedonia-like behaviors, higher blood levels of interleukin-6, and reduced expression of synaptic proteins in the prefrontal cortex of ABX-treated Ephx2 KO mice. Furthermore, subdiaphragmatic vagotomy blocked the development of these behavioral abnormalities after ingestion of F. rodentium. LIMITATIONS Detailed mechanisms are unclear. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that F. rodentium might contribute to the conversion of resilient Ephx2 KO mice into KO mice with depression-like phenotypes. The brain-gut-microbiota axis via the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve plays a crucial role in susceptibility and resilience to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Wang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tamaki Ishima
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Youge Qu
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Jiajing Shan
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Lijia Chang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yan Wei
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiancheng Zhang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yaoyu Pu
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yuko Fujita
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yunfei Tan
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Xingming Wang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Li Ma
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Xiayun Wan
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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McReynolds C, Morisseau C, Wagner K, Hammock B. Epoxy Fatty Acids Are Promising Targets for Treatment of Pain, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Indications Characterized by Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Endoplasmic Stress and Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1274:71-99. [PMID: 32894508 PMCID: PMC7737916 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50621-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive lipid mediators resulting from the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are controlled by many pathways that regulate the levels of these mediators and maintain homeostasis to prevent disease. PUFA metabolism is driven primarily through three pathways. Two pathways, the cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LO) enzymatic pathways, form metabolites that are mostly inflammatory, while the third route of metabolism results from the oxidation by the cytochrome P450 enzymes to form hydroxylated PUFA and epoxide metabolites. These epoxygenated fatty acids (EpFA) demonstrate largely anti-inflammatory and beneficial properties, in contrast to the other metabolites formed from the degradation of PUFA. Dysregulation of these systems often leads to chronic disease. Pharmaceutical targets of disease focus on preventing the formation of inflammatory metabolites from the COX and LO pathways, while maintaining the EpFA and increasing their concentration in the body is seen as beneficial to treating and preventing disease. The soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is the major route of metabolism of EpFA. Inhibiting its activity increases concentrations of beneficial EpFA, and often disease states correlate to mutations in the sEH enzyme that increase its activity and decrease the concentrations of EpFA in the body. Recent approaches to increasing EpFA include synthetic mimics that replicate biological activity of EpFA while preventing their metabolism, while other approaches focus on developing small molecule inhibitors to the sEH. Increasing EpFA concentrations in the body has demonstrated multiple beneficial effects in treating many diseases, including inflammatory and painful conditions, cardiovascular disease, neurological and disease of the central nervous system. Demonstration of efficacy in so many disease states can be explained by the fundamental mechanism that EpFA have of maintaining healthy microvasculature and preventing mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress. While there are no FDA approved methods that target the sEH or other enzymes responsible for metabolizing EpFA, current clinical efforts to test for efficacy by increasing EpFA that include inhibiting the sEH or administration of EpFA mimics that block metabolism are in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy McReynolds
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and U.C. Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- EicOsis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and U.C. Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Karen Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and U.C. Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- EicOsis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and U.C. Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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6
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Abis G, Charles RL, Kopec J, Yue WW, Atkinson RA, Bui TTT, Lynham S, Popova S, Sun YB, Fraternali F, Eaton P, Conte MR. 15-deoxy-Δ 12,14-Prostaglandin J 2 inhibits human soluble epoxide hydrolase by a dual orthosteric and allosteric mechanism. Commun Biol 2019; 2:188. [PMID: 31123712 PMCID: PMC6525171 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human soluble epoxide hydrolase (hsEH) is an enzyme responsible for the inactivation of bioactive epoxy fatty acids, and its inhibition is emerging as a promising therapeutical strategy to target hypertension, cardiovascular disease, pain and insulin sensitivity. Here, we uncover the molecular bases of hsEH inhibition mediated by the endogenous 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-Prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2). Our data reveal a dual inhibitory mechanism, whereby hsEH can be inhibited by reversible docking of 15d-PGJ2 in the catalytic pocket, as well as by covalent locking of the same compound onto cysteine residues C423 and C522, remote to the active site. Biophysical characterisations allied with in silico investigations indicate that the covalent modification of the reactive cysteines may be part of a hitherto undiscovered allosteric regulatory mechanism of the enzyme. This study provides insights into the molecular modes of inhibition of hsEH epoxy-hydrolytic activity and paves the way for the development of new allosteric inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Abis
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Rebecca L. Charles
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Science, The Rayne Institute, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, King’s College London, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Jolanta Kopec
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Wyatt W. Yue
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - R. Andrew Atkinson
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
- Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Tam T. T. Bui
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
- Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Steven Lynham
- Proteomics Facility, Centre of Excellence for Mass Spectrometry, The James Black Centre, King’s College London, London, SE5 9NU UK
| | - Simona Popova
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Yin-Biao Sun
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Franca Fraternali
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Philip Eaton
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Science, The Rayne Institute, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, King’s College London, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Maria R. Conte
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
- Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
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7
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Liu JY. Inhibition of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase for Renal Health. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1551. [PMID: 30687105 PMCID: PMC6335332 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) mediates the metabolism of epoxy fatty acids to form the corresponding vicinal diols, which are usually inactive or less active than the epoxide substrates. The sEH enzyme presents in many organs, including but not limited to the liver, heart, spleen, lung, and kidney. Here we summarized the changes in the expression and activity of sEH in multiple renal diseases, such as acute kidney injury (AKI), diabetic nephrology (DN), chronic kidney diseases (CKD), hypertension-mediated renal damage, and other renal dysfunctions. We also discussed the pharmacologic effects and the underlying mechanisms of sEH inhibition by using an inhibitor of sEH and/or the generic deletion of sEH on multiple renal diseases. We believe that sEH is a potential therapeutic target for renal dysfunction although the target disease needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yan Liu
- Center for Nephrology and Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Tenth Peoples Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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8
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Aliwarga T, Evangelista EA, Sotoodehnia N, Lemaitre RN, Totah RA. Regulation of CYP2J2 and EET Levels in Cardiac Disease and Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1916. [PMID: 29966295 PMCID: PMC6073148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP2J2) is a known arachidonic acid (AA) epoxygenase that mediates the formation of four bioactive regioisomers of cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Although its expression in the liver is low, CYP2J2 is mainly observed in extrahepatic tissues, including the small intestine, pancreas, lung, and heart. Changes in CYP2J2 levels or activity by xenobiotics, disease states, or polymorphisms are proposed to lead to various organ dysfunctions. Several studies have investigated the regulation of CYP2J2 and EET formation in various cell lines and have demonstrated that such regulation is tissue-dependent. In addition, studies linking CYP2J2 polymorphisms to the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) yielded contradictory results. This review will focus on the mechanisms of regulation of CYP2J2 by inducers, inhibitors, and oxidative stress modeling certain disease states in various cell lines and tissues. The implication of CYP2J2 expression, polymorphisms, activity and, as a result, EET levels in the pathophysiology of diabetes and CVD will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Aliwarga
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - Eric A Evangelista
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Rheem A Totah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
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Islam O, Patil P, Goswami SK, Razdan R, Inamdar MN, Rizwan M, Mathew J, Inceoglu B, Stephen Lee KS, Hwang SH, Hammock BD. Inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase minimize ischemia-reperfusion-induced cardiac damage in normal, hypertensive, and diabetic rats. Cardiovasc Ther 2018; 35. [PMID: 28296232 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We designed a study to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of two soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors, 1-(1-propanoylpiperidin-4-yl)-3-(4-trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)urea (TPPU) and trans-4-{4-[3-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-ureido]cyclohexyloxy}benzoic acid (t-TUCB), in ischemia-reperfusion (IR) model. METHODS Cardioprotective effects of the sEH inhibitors were evaluated against IR-induced myocardial damage in hearts from normal, hypertensive, and diabetic rats using Langendorff's apparatus. In addition, the effect of sEH inhibitors on endothelial function was evaluated in vitro and ex vivo using isolated rat thoracic aorta. RESULTS Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) increased the myocardial damage in hearts from normal rats. IR-induced myocardial damage was augmented in hearts isolated from hypertensive and diabetic rats. Myocardial damage as evident from increase in the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) in heart perfusate was associated with significant decrease in the heart rate and developed tension, and increase in the resting tension in isolated heart. Both sEH inhibitors protected the heart in normal, hypertensive, and diabetic rats subjected to IR injury. The sEH inhibitor t-TUCB relaxed phenylephrine precontracted aorta from normal rats. Relaxant effect of acetylcholine (ACh) was reduced in aortas from diabetic and hypertensive rats compared to normal rats. Pretreatment of sEH inhibitors to diabetic and hypertensive rats increased relaxant effect of ACh on aortas isolated from these rats. CONCLUSIONS Prophylactic treatment with sEH inhibitors decreased myocardial damage due to IR, hypertension and diabetes, and decreased endothelial dysfunction created by diabetes and hypertension. Therefore, inhibitors of sEH are useful probes to study cardiovascular pathology, and inhibition of the sEH is a potential approach in the management of IR-induced cardiac damage and endothelial dysfunction-related cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliul Islam
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashanth Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sumanta K Goswami
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rema Razdan
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammed N Inamdar
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA
| | - Mohammed Rizwan
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jubin Mathew
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bora Inceoglu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kin S Stephen Lee
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sung H Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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10
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Karami L, Saboury AA, Rezaee E, Tabatabai SA. Investigation of the binding mode of 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives as amide-based inhibitors for soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) by molecular docking and MM-GBSA. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2016; 46:445-459. [PMID: 27928588 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzyme plays an important role in the metabolism of endogenous chemical mediators involved in the regulation of blood pressure and inflammation. Inhibition of sEH provides a new approach to the treatment of inflammation, hypertension and atherosclerosis. In this study, the binding modes and inhibition mechanisms of the new oxadiazole-based amide inhibitors of the human soluble epoxide hydrolase were investigated by molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation followed by the MM-GBSA method to calculate the binding free energy of each inhibitor to sEH. The results obtained from the binding free energy (ΔG binding) calculation and normal mode analysis indicate that the major favorable contributors are the van der Waals and electrostatic terms, whereas the polar solvation term opposes binding. In addition, a good agreement between the calculated ΔG binding and the experimental IC50 was obtained [correlation coefficient, r 2 = 0.89 (with) and 0.87 (without) entropy]. Besides, comparison of the enthalpy changes (ΔG MM-GBSA) with entropy changes (-TΔS) indicates that binding process of all inhibitors to sEH is enthalpy-driven. Based on the ΔG binding on per residue decomposition, Asp335 and Tyr383 residues from the active site and Trp336, Leu499 and His524 residues from hydrophobic pockets contribute the most to ΔG binding. Moreover, hydrogen bond analysis reveals that Tyr383, Tyr466 and Asp335 residues have an important role in the binding to inhibitors by forming hydrogen bonds with high occupancies. Our obtained results are useful for the understanding of the sEH-inhibitor interactions and may have great importance in the design of future sEH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Karami
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elham Rezaee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayyed Abbas Tabatabai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Terry CM, Carlson ML, He Y, Ulu A, Morisseau C, Blumenthal DK, Hammock BD, Cheung AK. Aberrant soluble epoxide hydrolase and oxylipin levels in a porcine arteriovenous graft stenosis model. J Vasc Res 2014; 51:269-82. [PMID: 25196102 DOI: 10.1159/000365251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) used for hemodialysis frequently fail due to the development of neointimal hyperplasia (NH) at the vein-graft anastomosis. Inflammation and smooth-muscle cell (SMC) and myofibroblast proliferation and migration likely play an important role in the pathogenesis of NH. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), the products of the catabolism of arachidonic acid by cytochrome P450 enzymes, possess anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antimigratory and vasodilatory properties that should reduce NH. The degradation of vasculoprotective EETs is catalyzed by the enzyme, soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). sEH upregulation may thus contribute to NH development by the enhanced removal of vasculoprotective EETs. In this study, sEH, cytochrome P450 and EETs were examined after AVG placement in a porcine model to explore their potential roles in AVG stenosis. Increased sEH protein expression, decreased P450 epoxygenase activity and dysregulation of 5 oxylipin mediators were observed in the graft-venous anastomotic tissues when compared to control veins. Pharmacological inhibitors of sEH decreased the growth factor-induced migration of SMCs and fibroblasts, although they had no significant effect on the proliferation of these cells. These results provide insights on epoxide biology in vascular disorders and a rationale for the development of novel pharmacotherapeutic strategies to prevent AVG failure due to NH and stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christi M Terry
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Utah, USA
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12
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Chen H, Zhang Y, Ye C, Feng TT, Han JG. Insight into the binding modes and inhibition mechanisms of adamantyl-based 1,3-disubstituted urea inhibitors in the active site of the human soluble epoxide hydrolase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2013; 32:1231-47. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2013.812981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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13
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Chen D, Whitcomb R, MacIntyre E, Tran V, Do ZN, Sabry J, Patel DV, Anandan SK, Gless R, Webb HK. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of AR9281, an Inhibitor of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase, in Single- and Multiple-Dose Studies in Healthy Human Subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 52:319-28. [DOI: 10.1177/0091270010397049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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14
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Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease: Recent Advances in the Management of Hypertension. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2013; 15:311. [DOI: 10.1007/s11883-013-0311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Although various effective treatments for hypertension are available, novel therapies to reduce elevated blood pressure, improve blood-pressure control, treat resistant hypertension, and reduce the associated cardiovascular risk factors are still required. A novel angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) was approved in 2011, and additional compounds are in development or being tested in clinical trials. Several of these agents have innovative mechanisms of action (an aldosterone synthase inhibitor, a natriuretic peptide agonist, a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor, and an angiotensin II type 2 receptor agonist) or dual activity (a combined ARB and neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, an ARB and endothelin receptor A blocker, and an endothelin-converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase inhibitor). In addition, several novel fixed-dose combinations of existing antihypertensive agents were approved in 2010-2011, including aliskiren double and triple combinations, and an olmesartan triple combination. Upcoming fixed-dose combinations are expected to introduce calcium-channel blockers other than amlodipine and diuretics other than hydrochlorothiazide. Finally, device-based approaches to the treatment of resistant hypertension, such as renal denervation and baroreceptor activation therapy, have shown promising results in clinical trials. However, technical improvements in the implantation procedure and devices used for baroreceptor activation therapy are required to address procedural safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovit Paulis
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, Bratislava, Slovakia
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16
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Shen HC, Hammock BD. Discovery of inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase: a target with multiple potential therapeutic indications. J Med Chem 2012; 55:1789-808. [PMID: 22168898 PMCID: PMC3420824 DOI: 10.1021/jm201468j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong C. Shen
- RY800-C114, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ07065, 609-716-9647
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology &Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA, 530-752-7519
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Anandan SK, Webb HK, Chen D, Wang YXJ, Aavula BR, Cases S, Cheng Y, Do ZN, Mehra U, Tran V, Vincelette J, Waszczuk J, White K, Wong KR, Zhang LN, Jones PD, Hammock BD, Patel DV, Whitcomb R, MacIntyre DE, Sabry J, Gless R. 1-(1-acetyl-piperidin-4-yl)-3-adamantan-1-yl-urea (AR9281) as a potent, selective, and orally available soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor with efficacy in rodent models of hypertension and dysglycemia. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:983-8. [PMID: 21211973 PMCID: PMC3529200 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 12/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
1-(1-Acetyl-piperidin-4-yl)-3-adamantan-1-yl-urea 14a (AR9281), a potent and selective soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor, was recently tested in a phase 2a clinical setting for its effectiveness in reducing blood pressure and improving insulin resistance in pre-diabetic patients. In a mouse model of diet induced obesity, AR9281 attenuated the enhanced glucose excursion following an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. AR9281 also attenuated the increase in blood pressure in angiotensin-II-induced hypertension in rats. These effects were dose-dependent and well correlated with inhibition of the sEH activity in whole blood, consistent with a role of sEH in the observed pharmacology in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampath-Kumar Anandan
- Arête Therapeutics, Inc., 7000 Shoreline Court, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States.
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Sakaki N, Iida Y, Okazaki Y, Kawamura S, Takemoto T. Magnifying endoscopic observation of the gastric mucosa, particularly in patients with atrophic gastritis. Endoscopy 1978; 30:295-300. [PMID: 738222 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2011.00282.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The gastric mucosal surface was observed using the magnifying fibergastroscope (FGS-ML), and the fine gastric mucosal patterns, which were even smaller than one unit of gastric area, were examined at a magnification of about 30. For simplicification, we classified these patterns by magnifying endoscopy in the following ways; FP, FIP, FSP, SP and MP, modifying Yoshii's classification under the dissecting microscope. The FIP, which was found to have round and long elliptical gastric pits, is a new addition to our endoscopic classification. The relationship between the FIP and the intermediate zone was evaluated by superficial and histological studies of surgical and biopsy specimens. The width of the band of FIP seems to be related to the severity of atrophic gastritis. Also, the transformation of FP to FIP was assessed by comparing specimens taken from the resected and residual parts of the stomach, respectively. Moreover, it appears that severe gastritis occurs in the gastric mucosa which shows a FIP. Therefore, we consider that the FIP indicates the position of the atrophic border.
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