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The Elucidation of the Molecular Mechanism of the Extrusion Process. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154278. [PMID: 34361472 PMCID: PMC8348501 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Extrusion is a popular method for producing homogenous population of unilamellar liposomes. The technique relies on forcing a lipid suspension through cylindrical pores in a polycarbonate membrane. The quantification of the extrusion and/or recalibration processes make possible the acquisition of experimental data, which can be correlated with the mechanical properties of the lipid bilayer. In this work, the force needed for the extrusion process was correlated with the mechanical properties of a lipid bilayer derived from other experiments. Measurements were performed using a home-made dedicated device capable of maintaining a stable volumetric flux of a liposome suspension through well-defined pores and to continuously measure the extrusion force. Based on the obtained results, the correlation between the lipid bilayer bending rigidity and extrusion force was derived. Specifically, it was found that the bending rigidity of liposomes formed from well-defined lipid mixtures agrees with data obtained by others using flicker-noise spectroscopy or micromanipulation. The other issue addressed in the presented studies was the identification of molecular mechanisms leading to the formation of unilamellar vesicles in the extrusion process. Finally, it was demonstrated that during the extrusion, lipids are not exchanged between vesicles, i.e., vesicles can divide but no membrane fusion or lipid exchange between bilayers was detected.
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Ahmed S, Salmon H, Distasio N, Do HD, Scherman D, Alhareth K, Tabrizian M, Mignet N. Viscous Core Liposomes Increase siRNA Encapsulation and Provides Gene Inhibition When Slightly Positively Charged. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040479. [PMID: 33916066 PMCID: PMC8066317 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery, evidence that siRNA was able to act as an RNA interference effector, led to its acceptation as a novel medicine. The siRNA approach is very effective, due to its catalytic mechanism, but still the limitations of its cellular delivery should be addressed. One promising form of non-viral gene delivery system is liposomes. The variable and versatile nature of the lipids keeps the possibility to upgrade the liposomal structure, which makes them suitable for encapsulation and delivery of drugs. However, to avoid the limitation of fast release for the hydrophilic drug, we previously designed viscous core liposomes. We aimed in this work to evaluate if these viscous core liposomes (NvcLs) could be of interest for siRNA encapsulation. Then, we sought to add a limited amount of positive charges to provide cell interaction and transfection. Cationic lipid dimyristoylaminopropylaminopropyl or the polymer poly(ethylenimine) were incorporated in NvcL to produce positively charged viscous core liposomes (PvcL) by a customized microfluidic device. We found that NvcLs increased the encapsulation efficiency and loading content with regards to the neutral liposome. Both PvcLPEI and PvcLDMAPAP exhibited transfection and GFP knock-down (≈40%) in both 2D and 3D cell cultures. Finally, the addition of slight positive charges did not induce cell toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Ahmed
- Unité des Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques Pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (S.A.); (H.D.D.); (D.S.); (K.A.)
| | - Hugo Salmon
- Biomedical Engineering Department and Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3775 University St, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (H.S.); (N.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Nicholas Distasio
- Biomedical Engineering Department and Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3775 University St, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (H.S.); (N.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Hai Doan Do
- Unité des Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques Pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (S.A.); (H.D.D.); (D.S.); (K.A.)
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Unité des Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques Pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (S.A.); (H.D.D.); (D.S.); (K.A.)
| | - Khair Alhareth
- Unité des Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques Pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (S.A.); (H.D.D.); (D.S.); (K.A.)
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Biomedical Engineering Department and Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3775 University St, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (H.S.); (N.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Unité des Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques Pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (S.A.); (H.D.D.); (D.S.); (K.A.)
- Correspondence: author:
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Asegbeloyin JN, Oyeka EE, Okpareke O, Ibezim A. Synthesis, structure, computational and in-silico anticancer studies of N,N -diethyl- N ′-palmitoylthiourea. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jiménez Blanco JL, Benito JM, Ortiz Mellet C, García Fernández JM. Molecular nanoparticle-based gene delivery systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Seguin J, Dhotel H, Kai-Luen R, Bessodes M, Mignet N. Fine tuning of mixed ionic and hydrogen bond interactions for plasmid delivery using lipoplexes. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 90:63-9. [PMID: 25448076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Non viral gene transfection has been mostly reached via cationic polymer and lipid, required for DNA complexation and cell internalisation. However, cationic charges often induce cytotoxicity and limit the efficacy of the lipoplexes in vivo due to their fast elimination from the blood stream. Few years ago, we had developed noncationic lipid interacting with DNA via hydrogen bond interactions. To take advantage of both the internalisation efficacy of cationic complexes and the higher DNA release efficacy of non cationic lipids, we chose to mix both ionic and hydrogen bond interactions within one lipoplex. The idea behind this strategy would be to reduce the overall charge while maintaining a high level of transfection. Four mixed formulations of cationic lipid and thiourea lipid were prepared. We found that decreasing ionic interactions and increasing hydrogen bond interactions improved cationic lipoplexes properties. Indeed, we showed that replacement of net positive charges by hydrogen bond interactions with DNA phosphates led to efficient lipoplexes for in vitro DNA transfection at lower cationic charge content, which consequently reduced lipoplex cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Seguin
- Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Team Vectors for Targeted Therapy and Molecular Imaging, CNRS UMR 8258, INSERM U1022, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Hélène Dhotel
- Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Team Vectors for Targeted Therapy and Molecular Imaging, CNRS UMR 8258, INSERM U1022, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - René Kai-Luen
- Cell and Molecular Imaging Platform, CRP2 - UMS 3612 CNRS - US25 Inserm-IRD - Université Paris Descartes Paris Sorbonne Cité, Faculty of Pharmacy, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Michel Bessodes
- Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Team Vectors for Targeted Therapy and Molecular Imaging, CNRS UMR 8258, INSERM U1022, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Team Vectors for Targeted Therapy and Molecular Imaging, CNRS UMR 8258, INSERM U1022, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France.
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Lorantfy B, Renkecz T, Koch C, Horvai G, Lendl B, Herwig C. Identification of lipophilic bioproduct portfolio from bioreactor samples of extreme halophilic archaea with HPLC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:2421-32. [PMID: 24510212 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Extreme halophilic archaea are a yet unexploited source of natural carotenoids. At elevated salinities, however, material corrosivity issues occur and the performance of analytical methods is strongly affected. The goal of this study was to develop a method for identification and downstream processing of potentially valuable bioproducts produced by archaea. To circumvent extreme salinities during analysis, a direct sample preparation method was established to selectively extract both the polar and the nonpolar lipid contents of extreme halophiles with hexane, acetone and the mixture of MeOH/MTBE/water, respectively. Halogenated solvents, as used in conventional extraction methods, were omitted because of environmental considerations and potential process scale-up. The HPLC-MS/MS method using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization was developed and tuned with three commercially available C40 carotenoid standards, covering the wide polarity range of natural carotenoids, containing different number of OH-groups. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a C30 RP-HPLC column with a MeOH/MTBE/water gradient. Polar lipids, the geometric isomers of the C50 carotenoid bacterioruberin, and vitamin MK-8 were the most valuable products found in bioreactor samples. In contrast to literature on shake flask cultivations, no anhydrous analogues of bacterioruberin, as by-products of the carotenoid biosynthesis, were detected in bioreactor samples. This study demonstrates the importance of sample preparation and the applicability of HPLC-MS/MS methods on real samples from extreme halophilic strains. Furthermore, from a biotechnological point-of-view, this study would like to reveal the relevance of using controlled and defined bioreactor cultivations instead of shake flask cultures in the early stage of potential bioproduct profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Lorantfy
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorferstrasse 1A 166/4, 1060, Vienna, Austria
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García Fernández JM, Benito JM, Ortiz Mellet C. Cyclodextrin-scaffolded glycotransporters for gene delivery. PURE APPL CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1351/pac-con-12-10-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Conventional drugs consist of a formulation of a bioactive species and a carrier, the former accounting for most of the sophistication of the design. In the case of biomolecular drugs, however, the role of the carrier becomes decisive in enabling the load to reach its target to carry out its designed therapeutic function. Thus, the clinical success of gene therapy, where the active principles are nucleic acids, critically depends on the use of efficient and safe delivery systems. Carbohydrates have proven particularly useful in this regard. Glycocoating, similarly to poly(ethylene)glycol (PEG)-coating (pegylation), can stabilize colloidal aggregates by improving solvation and preventing nonspecific interactions, for example, with serum proteins. Moreover, glycoconjugates can drive specific recognition and receptor-mediated internalization in target cells. Actually, the inherent flexibility of carbohydrate and glycoconjugate chemistry has greatly contributed to enlarging the range of functional materials that can be rationally conceived for gene delivery. Herein, this is illustrated with selected examples that focus on controlling the architectural parameters of the vectors to make them suitable for structure–activity relationship (SAR) and optimization studies. The members of the cyclomaltooligosaccharide (cyclodextrin, CD) family will be the central actors of the story.
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Martínez Á, Bienvenu C, Jiménez Blanco JL, Vierling P, Mellet CO, García Fernández JM, Di Giorgio C. Amphiphilic Oligoethyleneimine−β-Cyclodextrin “Click” Clusters for Enhanced DNA Delivery. J Org Chem 2013; 78:8143-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400993y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Martínez
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1,
E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Céline Bienvenu
- Institut de Chimie Nice, UMR
7272, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, 28, Avenue de Valrose, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - José L. Jiménez Blanco
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1,
E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pierre Vierling
- Institut de Chimie Nice, UMR
7272, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, 28, Avenue de Valrose, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González 1,
E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M. García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas
(IIQ), CSIC−Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, E-41092 Sevilla,
Spain
| | - Christophe Di Giorgio
- Institut de Chimie Nice, UMR
7272, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, 28, Avenue de Valrose, F-06108 Nice, France
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