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Li X, Zhang S, Zhang M, Li G, Yang B, Lu X, Teng L, Li Y, Sun F. A Multifunctional Nano-Delivery System Against Rheumatoid Arthritis by Combined Phototherapy, Hypoxia-Activated Chemotherapy, and RNA Interference. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:6257-6273. [PMID: 36531117 PMCID: PMC9749419 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s382252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Effective therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) keeps a challenge due to the complex pathogenesis of RA. It is not enough to completely inhibit the process of RA with any single therapy method. The purpose of the research is to compensate for the insufficiency of monotherapy using multiple treatment regimens with different mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, we developed a new method to synthesize mesoporous silica nanoparticles hybridized with photosensitizer PCPDTBT (HNs). Branched polyethyleneimine-folic acid (PEI-FA) could be coated on the surface of HNs through electrostatic interactions. It simultaneously blocked the hypoxia-activated prodrug tirapazamine loaded into the mesopores and binded with Mcl-1 siRNA (siMcl-1) that interfered with the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1. Released from the co-delivery nanoparticles (PFHNs/TM) Tirapazamine and siMcl-1 upon exposure to acidic conditions of endosomes/lysosomes in activated macrophages. Under NIR irradiation, photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy derived from PCPDTBT, hypoxia-activated chemotherapy derived from tirapazamine, and RNAi derived from siMcl-1 were used for the combined treatment for RA by killing activated macrophages. PEI-FA-coated PFHNs/TM exhibited activated macrophage-targeting characteristics, thereby enhancing the in vitro and in vivo NIR-induced combined treatment of RA. RESULTS The prepared PFHNs/TM have high blood compatibility (far below 5% of hemolysis) and ideal in vitro phototherapy effect while controlling the TPZ release and binding siMcl-1. We prove that PEI-FA-coated PFHNs/TM not only protect the bound siRNA but also are selectively uptaked by activated macrophages through FA receptor-ligand-mediated endocytosis, and effectively silence the target anti-apoptotic protein by siMcl-1 transfection. In vivo, PFHNs/TM have also been revealed to be selectively enriched at the inflammatory site of RA, exhibiting NIR-induced anti-RA efficacy. CONCLUSION Overall, these FA-functionalized, pH-responsive PFHNs/TM represent a promising platform for the co-delivery of chemical drugs and nucleic acids for the treatment of RA cooperating with NIR-induced phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shixin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lesheng Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youxin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengying Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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Zhu Y, Zhu L, Wang X, Jin H. RNA-based therapeutics: an overview and prospectus. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:644. [PMID: 35871216 PMCID: PMC9308039 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The growing understanding of RNA functions and their crucial roles in diseases promotes the application of various RNAs to selectively function on hitherto "undruggable" proteins, transcripts and genes, thus potentially broadening the therapeutic targets. Several RNA-based medications have been approved for clinical use, while others are still under investigation or preclinical trials. Various techniques have been explored to promote RNA intracellular trafficking and metabolic stability, despite significant challenges in developing RNA-based therapeutics. In this review, the mechanisms of action, challenges, solutions, and clinical application of RNA-based therapeutics have been comprehensively summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zhu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLaboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Liyuan Zhu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLaboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Xian Wang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLaboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
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3
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Vetter VC, Wagner E. Targeting nucleic acid-based therapeutics to tumors: Challenges and strategies for polyplexes. J Control Release 2022; 346:110-135. [PMID: 35436520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The current medical reality of cancer gene therapy is reflected by more than ten approved products on the global market, including oncolytic and other viral vectors and CAR T-cells as ex vivo gene-modified cell therapeutics. The development of synthetic antitumoral nucleic acid therapeutics has been proceeding at a lower but steady pace, fueled by a plethora of alternative nucleic acid platforms (from various antisense oligonucleotides, siRNA, microRNA, lncRNA, sgRNA, to larger mRNA and DNA) and several classes of physical and chemical delivery technologies. This review summarizes the challenges and strategies for tumor-targeted nucleic acid delivery. Focusing primarily on polyplexes (polycation complexes) as nanocarriers, delivery options across multiple barriers into tumor cells are illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C Vetter
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for System-based Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for System-based Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 81377, Germany; Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 81377, Germany.
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4
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Singh S, Drude N, Blank L, Desai PB, Königs H, Rütten S, Langen K, Möller M, Mottaghy FM, Morgenroth A. Protease Responsive Nanogels for Transcytosis across the Blood-Brain Barrier and Intracellular Delivery of Radiopharmaceuticals to Brain Tumor Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100812. [PMID: 34490744 PMCID: PMC11468667 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Despite profound advances in treatment approaches, gliomas remain associated with very poor prognoses. The residual cells after incomplete resection often migrate and proliferate giving a seed for highly resistant gliomas. The efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs is often strongly limited by their poor selectivity and the blood brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, the development of therapeutic carrier systems for efficient transport across the BBB and selective delivery to tumor cells remains one of the most complex problems facing molecular medicine and nano-biotechnology. To address this challenge, a stimuli sensitive nanogel is synthesized using pre-polymer approach for the effective delivery of nano-irradiation. The nanogels are cross-linked via matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2,9) substrate and armed with Auger electron emitting drug 5-[125 I]Iodo-4"-thio-2"-deoxyuridine ([125 I]ITdU) which after release can be incorporated into the DNA of tumor cells. Functionalization with diphtheria toxin receptor ligand allows nanogel transcytosis across the BBB at tumor site. Functionalized nanogels efficiently and increasingly explore transcytosis via BBB co-cultured with glioblastoma cells. The subsequent nanogel degradation correlates with up-regulated MMP2/9. Released [125 I]ITdU follows the thymidine salvage pathway ending in its incorporation into the DNA of tumor cells. With this concept, a highly efficient strategy for intracellular delivery of radiopharmaceuticals across the challenging BBB is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Singh
- DWI–Leibniz Institute for Interactive Material ResearchRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Medical ResearchJahnstraße 29Heidelberg69120Germany
| | - Natascha Drude
- DWI–Leibniz Institute for Interactive Material ResearchRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
- Department of Nuclear MedicineRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
| | - Lena Blank
- Department of Nuclear MedicineRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
| | - Prachi Bharat Desai
- DWI–Leibniz Institute for Interactive Material ResearchRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
| | - Hiltrud Königs
- Pathology–Department of Electron MicroscopyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
| | - Stephan Rütten
- Pathology–Department of Electron MicroscopyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
| | - Karl‐Josef Langen
- Department of Nuclear MedicineRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and MedicineForschungszentrum JülichJülich52428Germany
| | - Martin Möller
- DWI–Leibniz Institute for Interactive Material ResearchRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
| | - Felix M. Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear MedicineRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineMaastricht University Medical CenterMaastricht6229 HXThe Netherlands
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Small interfering RNA (siRNA) to target genes and molecular pathways in glioblastoma therapy: Current status with an emphasis on delivery systems. Life Sci 2021; 275:119368. [PMID: 33741417 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the worst brain tumors arising from glial cells, causing many deaths annually. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy are used for GBM treatment. However, GBM is still an incurable disease, and new approaches are required for its successful treatment. Because mutations and amplifications occurring in several genes are responsible for the progression and aggressive behavior of GBM cells, genetic approaches are of great importance in its treatment. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a new emerging tool to silence the genes responsible for disease progression, particularly cancer. SiRNA can be used for GBM treatment by down-regulating genes such as VEGF, STAT3, ELTD1 or EGFR. Furthermore, the use of siRNA can promote the chemosensitivity of GBM cells. However, the efficiency of siRNA in GBM is limited via its degradation by enzymes, and its off-targeting effects. SiRNA-loaded carriers, especially nanovehicles that are ligand-functionalized by CXCR4 or angiopep-2, can be used for the protection and targeted delivery of siRNA. Nanostructures can provide a platform for co-delivery of siRNA plus anti-tumor drugs as another benefit. The prepared nanovehicles should be stable and biocompatible in order to be tested in human studies.
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6
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Kargaard A, Sluijter JPG, Klumperman B. Polymeric siRNA gene delivery - transfection efficiency versus cytotoxicity. J Control Release 2019; 316:263-291. [PMID: 31689462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Within the field of gene therapy, there is a considerable need for the development of non-viral vectors that are able to compete with the efficiency obtained by viral vectors, while maintaining a good toxicity profile and not inducing an immune response within the body. While there have been many reports of possible polymeric delivery systems, few of these systems have been successful in the clinical setting due to toxicity, systemic instability or gene regulation inefficiency, predominantly due to poor endosomal escape and cytoplasmic release. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of previously published polymeric non-coding RNA and, to a lesser degree, oligo-DNA delivery systems with emphasis on their positive and negative attributes, in order to provide insight in the numerous hurdles that still limit the success of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kargaard
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; University Medical Center Utrecht, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Bert Klumperman
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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7
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Agarwal M, Mondal T, Bose B. Peptides derived from a short stretch of diphtheria toxin bind to heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor. Toxicon 2019; 169:109-116. [PMID: 31494209 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-anchored heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is the receptor for diphtheria toxin (DT). Mutated or truncated, non-toxic DT has been used earlier for HB-EGF-targeted drug delivery and to modulate HB-EGF signaling. In the present work, we have synthesized a peptide corresponding to a 26 amino acid long stretch of the receptor-binding domain of DT. This region of DT makes multiple contacts with HB-EGF and has residues critical for binding to HB-EGF. We show that this peptide and two of its mutants bind to HB-EGF. We have also created recombinant proteins by fusing Maltose-binding Protein (MBP) with these peptides. These recombinant MBP-tagged peptides bind to HB-EGF with affinities in the range of 10-7 to 10-8 M. We have observed that these MBP-tagged peptides can modulate molecular signaling of HB-EGF. Therefore, this 26 amino acid long stretch of DT can be considered as an independent functional segment for binding to HB-EGF. Peptides corresponding to this region may be used for HB-EGF targeted cellular delivery of molecular cargo or to modulate HB-EGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Agarwal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India; Current Address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Tanmay Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Biplab Bose
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India.
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8
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Jiang C, Chen J, Li Z, Wang Z, Zhang W, Liu J. Recent advances in the development of polyethylenimine-based gene vectors for safe and efficient gene delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:363-376. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1604681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jiatong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhuoting Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zitong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
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9
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Mizrahy S, Gutkin A, Decuzzi P, Peer D. Targeting central nervous system pathologies with nanomedicines. J Drug Target 2018; 27:542-554. [PMID: 30296187 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1533556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in drug development is the delivery of therapeutics to the central nervous system (CNS). The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which modulates the passage of molecules from the CNS, presents a formidable obstacle that limits brain uptake of therapeutics and, therefore, impedes the treatment of multiple neurological pathologies. Targeted nanocarriers present an excellent opportunity for drug delivery into the brain leveraging on endogenous receptors to transport therapeutics across the BBB endothelium. Receptor-mediated transport endows multiple benefits over other conventional delivery methods such as the transient permeabilization of the BBB or the direct depositioning of intracranial depots. Herein, different strategies for nanocarrier targeting to the CNS are discussed, highlighting the challenges and recent developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshy Mizrahy
- a Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology , George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,b Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,c Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,d Cancer Biology Research Center , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,e Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine , Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Genoa , Italy
| | - Anna Gutkin
- a Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology , George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,b Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,c Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,d Cancer Biology Research Center , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Paolo Decuzzi
- e Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine , Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Genoa , Italy
| | - Dan Peer
- a Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology , George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,b Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,c Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel.,d Cancer Biology Research Center , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
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Nabi B, Rehman S, Khan S, Baboota S, Ali J. Ligand conjugation: An emerging platform for enhanced brain drug delivery. Brain Res Bull 2018; 142:384-393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Kuo YC, Rajesh R. Targeted delivery of rosmarinic acid across the blood-brain barrier for neuronal rescue using polyacrylamide-chitosan-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles with surface cross-reacting material 197 and apolipoprotein E. Int J Pharm 2017; 528:228-241. [PMID: 28549973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid-loaded polyacrylamide-chitosan-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (RA-PAAM-CH-PLGA NPs) were grafted with cross-reacting material 197 (CRM197) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) for targeting of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and rescuing degenerated neurons. The polymeric nanocarriers were prepared by microemulsion, solvent diffusion, grafting, and surface modification, and CRM197-ApoE-RA-PAAM-CH-PLGA NPs were used to treat human brain-microvascular endothelial cells, RWA264.7 cells, and Aβ-insulted SK-N-MC cells. Experimental results revealed that an increase in the weight percentage of PAAM decreased the particle size, zeta potential, and grafting efficiency of CRM197 and ApoE. In addition, surface DSPE-PEG(2000) could protect CRM197-ApoE-RA-PAAM-CH-PLGA NPs against uptake by RWA264.7 cells. An increase in the concentration of CRM197 and ApoE decreased the transendothelial electrical resistance and increased the ability of propidium iodide and RA to cross the BBB. The order in the viability of apoptotic SK-N-MC cells was CRM197-ApoE-RA-PAAM-CH-PLGA NPs > CRM197-RA-PAAM-CH-PLGA NPs > RA. Thus, CRM197-ApoE-RA-PAAM-CH-PLGA NPs can be a promising formulation to deliver RA to Aβ-insulted neurons in the pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, 62102, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Rajendiran Rajesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, 62102, Taiwan, ROC
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Agarwal M, Sahoo AK, Bose B. Receptor-Mediated Enhanced Cellular Delivery of Nanoparticles Using Recombinant Receptor-Binding Domain of Diphtheria Toxin. Mol Pharm 2016; 14:23-30. [PMID: 27959571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies and peptides are often used to home nanoparticles (NPs) to specific cells. Here in this work, we have used recombinant receptor-binding domain of diphtheria toxin (RDT) as a homing molecule for NPs. Diphtheria toxin binds to heparin binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) through its receptor-binding domain. HB-EGF is often overexpressed as cell surface molecule in various types of cancer. We have prepared monodispersed, spherical PLGA NPs and coated these NPs with RDT. These NPs are characterized by FESEM and FT-IR spectroscopy. Using flow cytometry and fluorescence spectroscopy, we show that coating with RDT increases cellular uptake of PLGA NPs. We further show that RDT-coated nanoparticles are internalized through clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis that can be reduced by specific inhibitor. These RDT-coated nanoparticles (RDT-NP) were further used for preferential delivery of Irinotecan, a chemotherapeutic agent, to cells overexpressing HB-EGF. We show that receptor-mediated enhanced uptake of RDT-NPs increases the potency of irinotecan in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Agarwal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Amaresh Kumar Sahoo
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Biplab Bose
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039, India.,Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039, India
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13
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From naturally-occurring neurotoxic agents to CNS shuttles for drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 74:63-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kuo YC, Liu YC. Cardiolipin-incorporated liposomes with surface CRM197 for enhancing neuronal survival against neurotoxicity. Int J Pharm 2014; 473:334-44. [PMID: 24999054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CRM197-grafted liposomes containing cardiolipin (CL) (CRM197/CL-liposomes) were used to enhance the permeability of neuron growth factor (NGF) across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for promoting the neuroprotective effect of NGF. CRM197/CL-liposoms were incubated with a monolayer of human astrocyte (HA)-regulated human brain-microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) and employed to rescue SK-N-MC cells with insult of fibrillar β-amyloid peptide (1-42) (Aβ1-42). An increase in the CL mole percentage enhanced the particle size, absolute value of zeta potential, NGF entrapment efficiency, CRM197 grafting efficiency, viability of HBMECs, HAs, and SK-N-MC cells, and BBB permeability of propidium iodide (PI) and NGF, and reduced the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). In addition, an increase in the CRM197 weight percentage increased the particle size, absolute value of zeta potential, viability of HBMECs and HAs, and BBB permeability of PI and NGF, and decreased the CRM197 grafting efficiency and TEER. CRM197/CL-liposomes have the ability to target the BBB and to reduce neurotoxicity of Aβ142 and can be promising formulations for treating Alzheimer's disease in future medicinal application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan.
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Koenig O, Walker T, Perle N, Zech A, Neumann B, Schlensak C, Wendel HP, Nolte A. New aspects of gene-silencing for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2013; 6:881-914. [PMID: 24276320 PMCID: PMC3816708 DOI: 10.3390/ph6070881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD), mainly caused by atherosclerosis, represents the single leading cause of death in industrialized countries. Besides the classical interventional therapies new applications for treatment of vascular wall pathologies are appearing on the horizon. RNA interference (RNAi) represents a novel therapeutic strategy due to sequence-specific gene-silencing through the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA). The modulation of gene expression by short RNAs provides a powerful tool to theoretically silence any disease-related or disease-promoting gene of interest. In this review we outline the RNAi mechanisms, the currently used delivery systems and their possible applications to the cardiovascular system. Especially, the optimization of the targeting and transfection procedures could enhance the efficiency of siRNA delivery drastically and might open the way to clinical applicability. The new findings of the last years may show the techniques to new innovative therapies and could probably play an important role in treating CHD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Koenig
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Dept. of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstr. 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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Höbel S, Aigner A. Polyethylenimines for siRNA and miRNA delivery in vivo. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 5:484-501. [PMID: 23720168 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) as a naturally occurring mechanism for gene knockdown has attracted considerable attention toward the use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for therapeutic purposes. Likewise, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important cellular regulators of gene expression, and their pathological underexpression allows for novel therapeutic strategies ('miRNA replacement therapy'). To address issues related to the instability, charge, and molecular weight of small RNA molecules, nanoparticle formulations have been explored for their in vivo application. Polyethylenimines (PEIs) are positively charged, linear, or branched polymers that are able to form nanoscale complexes with small RNAs, leading to RNA protection, cellular delivery, and intracellular release. This review highlights the important properties of various PEIs with regard to their use for in vivo RNA delivery. PEI modifications for increased efficacy, altered pharmacokinetic properties, improved biocompatibility and, upon covalent coupling of ligands, targeted delivery are described. An overview of various modified PEIs and a comprehensive list of representative studies using PEI-based siRNA or miRNA delivery in vivo are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Höbel
- Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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