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Tenchov R, Sasso JM, Zhou QA. Polyglutamine (PolyQ) Diseases: Navigating the Landscape of Neurodegeneration. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2665-2694. [PMID: 38996083 PMCID: PMC11311141 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders caused by expanded cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeats encoding proteins with abnormally expanded polyglutamine tract. A total of nine polyQ disorders have been identified, including Huntington's disease, six spinocerebellar ataxias, dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA), and spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). The diseases of this class are each considered rare, yet polyQ diseases constitute the largest group of monogenic neurodegenerative disorders. While each subtype of polyQ diseases has its own causative gene, certain pathologic molecular attributes have been implicated in virtually all of the polyQ diseases, including protein aggregation, proteolytic cleavage, neuronal dysfunction, transcription dysregulation, autophagy impairment, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Although animal models of polyQ disease are available helping to understand their pathogenesis and access disease-modifying therapies, there is neither a cure nor prevention for these diseases, with only symptomatic treatments available. In this paper, we analyze data from the CAS Content Collection to summarize the research progress in the class of polyQ diseases. We examine the publication landscape in the area in effort to provide insights into current knowledge advances and developments. We review the most discussed concepts and assess the strategies to combat these diseases. Finally, we inspect clinical applications of products against polyQ diseases with their development pipelines. The objective of this review is to provide a broad overview of the evolving landscape of current knowledge regarding the class of polyQ diseases, to outline challenges, and evaluate growth opportunities to further efforts in combating the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS, a division of the American
Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Janet M. Sasso
- CAS, a division of the American
Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Haga-Yamanaka S, Nunez-Flores R, Scott CA, Perry S, Chen ST, Pontrello C, Nair MG, Ray A. Plasticity of gene expression in the nervous system by exposure to environmental odorants that inhibit HDACs. eLife 2024; 12:RP86823. [PMID: 38411140 PMCID: PMC10942631 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotes respond to secreted metabolites from the microbiome. However, little is known about the effects of exposure to volatiles emitted by microbes or in the environment that we are exposed to over longer durations. Using Drosophila melanogaster, we evaluated a yeast-emitted volatile, diacetyl, found at high levels around fermenting fruits where they spend long periods of time. Exposure to the diacetyl molecules in headspace alters gene expression in the antenna. In vitro experiments demonstrated that diacetyl and structurally related volatiles inhibited conserved histone deacetylases (HDACs), increased histone-H3K9 acetylation in human cells, and caused changes in gene expression in both Drosophila and mice. Diacetyl crosses the blood-brain barrier and exposure caused modulation of gene expression in the mouse brain, therefore showing potential as a neuro-therapeutic. Using two separate disease models previously known to be responsive to HDAC inhibitors, we evaluated the physiological effects of volatile exposure. Diacetyl exposure halted proliferation of a neuroblastoma cell line in culture. Exposure to diacetyl vapors slowed progression of neurodegeneration in a Drosophila model for Huntington's disease. These changes strongly suggest that certain volatiles in the surroundings can have profound effects on histone acetylation, gene expression, and physiology in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Haga-Yamanaka
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of CaliforniaRiversideUnited States
| | - Rogelio Nunez-Flores
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of CaliforniaRiversideUnited States
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of CaliforniaRiversideUnited States
| | - Christi A Scott
- Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Program, University of CaliforniaRiversideUnited States
| | - Sarah Perry
- Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program, University of CaliforniaRiversideUnited States
| | - Stephanie Turner Chen
- Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Program, University of CaliforniaRiversideUnited States
| | - Crystal Pontrello
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of CaliforniaRiversideUnited States
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of CaliforniaRiversideUnited States
| | - Anandasankar Ray
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of CaliforniaRiversideUnited States
- Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Program, University of CaliforniaRiversideUnited States
- Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program, University of CaliforniaRiversideUnited States
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Haga-Yamanaka S, Nuñez-Flores R, Scott CA, Perry S, Chen ST, Pontrello C, Nair MG, Ray A. Plasticity of gene expression in the nervous system by exposure to environmental odorants that inhibit HDACs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.21.529339. [PMID: 36865229 PMCID: PMC9980067 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.21.529339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotes are often exposed to microbes and respond to their secreted metabolites, such as the microbiome in animals or commensal bacteria in roots. Little is known about the effects of long-term exposure to volatile chemicals emitted by microbes, or other volatiles that we are exposed to over a long duration. Using the model system Drosophila melanogaster, we evaluate a yeast emitted volatile, diacetyl, found in high levels around fermenting fruits where they spend long periods of time. We find that exposure to just the headspace containing the volatile molecules can alter gene expression in the antenna. Experiments showed that diacetyl and structurally related volatile compounds inhibited human histone-deacetylases (HDACs), increased histone-H3K9 acetylation in human cells, and caused wide changes in gene expression in both Drosophila and mice. Diacetyl crosses the blood-brain barrier and exposure causes modulation of gene expression in the brain, therefore has potential as a therapeutic. Using two separate disease models known to be responsive to HDAC-inhibitors, we evaluated physiological effects of volatile exposure. First, we find that the HDAC inhibitor also halts proliferation of a neuroblastoma cell line in culture as predicted. Next, exposure to vapors slows progression of neurodegeneration in a Drosophila model for Huntington's disease. These changes strongly suggest that unbeknown to us, certain volatiles in the surroundings can have profound effects on histone acetylation, gene expression and physiology in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Haga-Yamanaka
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Rogelio Nuñez-Flores
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Christi Ann Scott
- Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Sarah Perry
- Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Stephanie Turner Chen
- Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Crystal Pontrello
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Meera Goh Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Anandasankar Ray
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Jiang D, Li T, Guo C, Tang TS, Liu H. Small molecule modulators of chromatin remodeling: from neurodevelopment to neurodegeneration. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:10. [PMID: 36647159 PMCID: PMC9841685 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic changes in chromatin conformation alter the organization and structure of the genome and further regulate gene transcription. Basically, the chromatin structure is controlled by reversible, enzyme-catalyzed covalent modifications to chromatin components and by noncovalent ATP-dependent modifications via chromatin remodeling complexes, including switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF), inositol-requiring 80 (INO80), imitation switch (ISWI) and chromodomain-helicase DNA-binding protein (CHD) complexes. Recent studies have shown that chromatin remodeling is essential in different stages of postnatal and adult neurogenesis. Chromatin deregulation, which leads to defects in epigenetic gene regulation and further pathological gene expression programs, often causes a wide range of pathologies. This review first gives an overview of the regulatory mechanisms of chromatin remodeling. We then focus mainly on discussing the physiological functions of chromatin remodeling, particularly histone and DNA modifications and the four classes of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling enzymes, in the central and peripheral nervous systems under healthy and pathological conditions, that is, in neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, we provide an update on the development of potent and selective small molecule modulators targeting various chromatin-modifying proteins commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Jiang
- grid.458458.00000 0004 1792 6416State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Tingting Li
- grid.458458.00000 0004 1792 6416State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Caixia Guo
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Tie-Shan Tang
- grid.458458.00000 0004 1792 6416State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.512959.3Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- grid.458458.00000 0004 1792 6416State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.512959.3Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101 China
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Squarzoni A, Scuteri A, Cavaletti G. HDACi: The Columbus' Egg in Improving Cancer Treatment and Reducing Neurotoxicity? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5251. [PMID: 36358670 PMCID: PMC9654569 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a group of enzymes that modify gene expression through the lysine acetylation of both histone and non-histone proteins, leading to a broad range of effects on various biological pathways. New insights on this topic broadened the knowledge on their biological activity and even more questions arose from those discoveries. The action of HDACs is versatile in biological pathways and, for this reason, inhibitors of HDACs (HDACis) have been proposed as a way to interfere with HDACs' involvement in tumorigenesis. In 2006, the first HDACi was approved by FDA for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma; however, more selective HDACis were recently approved. In this review, we will consider new information on HDACs' expression and their regulation for the treatment of central and peripheral nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Squarzoni
- Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, 20900 Monza, Italy
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Arianna Scuteri
- Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, 20900 Monza, Italy
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Jiang LP, Yu XH, Chen JZ, Hu M, Zhang YK, Lin HL, Tang WY, He PP, Ouyang XP. Histone Deacetylase 3: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerosis. Aging Dis 2022; 13:773-786. [PMID: 35656103 PMCID: PMC9116907 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the pathological basis of most cardiovascular disease, is characterized by plaque formation in the intima. Secondary lesions include intraplaque hemorrhage, plaque rupture, and local thrombosis. Vascular endothelial function impairment and smooth muscle cell migration lead to vascular dysfunction, which is conducive to the formation of macrophage-derived foam cells and aggravates inflammatory response and lipid accumulation that cause atherosclerosis. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) is an epigenetic modifying enzyme closely related to chromatin structure and gene transcriptional regulation. Emerging studies have demonstrated that the Class I member HDAC3 of the HDAC super family has cell-specific functions in atherosclerosis, including 1) maintenance of endothelial integrity and functions, 2) regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, 3) modulation of macrophage phenotype, and 4) influence on foam cell formation. Although several studies have shown that HDAC3 may be a promising therapeutic target, only a few HDAC3-selective inhibitors have been thoroughly researched and reported. Here, we specifically summarize the impact of HDAC3 and its inhibitors on vascular function, inflammation, lipid accumulation, and plaque stability in the development of atherosclerosis with the hopes of opening up new opportunities for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
| | - Jin-Zhi Chen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan, China.
| | - Mi Hu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan, China.
| | - Yang-Kai Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan, China.
| | - Hui-Ling Lin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan, China.
| | - Wan-Ying Tang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan, China.
| | - Ping-Ping He
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hunan, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Ping-Ping He, School of Nursing, University of South China, Hunan, China. and Dr. Xin-Ping Ouyang, Department of Physiology, University of South China, Hunan, China. .
| | - Xin-Ping Ouyang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Ping-Ping He, School of Nursing, University of South China, Hunan, China. and Dr. Xin-Ping Ouyang, Department of Physiology, University of South China, Hunan, China. .
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Histone deacetylase-6 modulates amyloid beta-induced cognitive dysfunction rats by regulating PTK2B. Neuroreport 2021; 31:754-761. [PMID: 32453021 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of histone deacetylase-6 (HDAC6) on the functional and pathological changes of the amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced cognitive dysfunction rats by regulating protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta (PTK2B). Ninety Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into nine groups, consisting of five experimental groups and four control groups. In five experimental groups, Aβ1-42 was infused intracerebroventricularly and 3 days later, rats in each group were infused intracerebroventricularly with tubastatin A hydrochloride (TSA), the HDAC6-specific inhibitor (Aβ + TSA group), theophylline, the HDACs agonist (Aβ + Theo group), PF431396 (PF), the PTK2B inhibitor (Aβ + PF group), the combination of PF and theophylline (Aβ + PF + Theo group), and normal saline (Aβ + normal saline group), respectively. Rats in four control groups took normal saline that was equivalent to the volume of Aβ1-42, and 3 days later, TSA (TSA group), theophylline (Theo group), (PF group, or normal saline group) was given at a volume of 5 µL for rats in each group. Our results showed that HDAC6 may not only lead to the deterioration of learning and memory abilities but also elevate the levels of Aβo and Tau phosphorylation in Aβ-induced cognitive dysfunction rats via upregulating PTK2B.
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Almutairi F, Tucker SL, Sarr D, Rada B. PI3K/ NF-κB-dependent TNF-α and HDAC activities facilitate LPS-induced RGS10 suppression in pulmonary macrophages. Cell Signal 2021; 86:110099. [PMID: 34339853 PMCID: PMC8406451 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Regulator of G-protein signaling 10 (RGS10) is a member of the superfamily of RGS proteins that canonically act as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs). RGS proteins accelerate GTP hydrolysis on the G-protein α subunits and result in termination of signaling pathways downstream of G protein-coupled receptors. Beyond its GAP function, RGS10 has emerged as an anti-inflammatory protein by inhibiting LPS-mediated NF-κB activation and expression of inflammatory cytokines, in particular TNF-α. Although RGS10 is abundantly expressed in resting macrophages, previous studies have shown that RGS10 expression is suppressed in macrophages following Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation by LPS. However, the molecular mechanism by which LPS induces Rgs10 silencing has not been clearly defined. The goal of the current study was to determine whether LPS silences Rgs10 expression through an NF-κB-mediated proinflammatory mechanism in pulmonary macrophages, a unique type of innate immune cells. We demonstrate that Rgs10 transcript and RGS10 protein levels are suppressed upon LPS treatment in the murine MH-S alveolar macrophage cell line. We show that pharmacological inhibition of PI3K/ NF-κB/p300 (NF-κB co-activator)/TNF-α signaling cascade and the activities of HDAC (1-3) enzymes block LPS-induced silencing of Rgs10 in MH-S cells as well as microglial BV2 cells and BMDMs. Further, loss of RGS10 generated by using CRISPR/Cas9 amplifies NF-κB phosphorylation and inflammatory gene expression following LPS treatment in MH-S cells. Together, our findings strongly provide critical insight into the molecular mechanism underlying RGS10 suppression by LPS in pulmonary macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris Almutairi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Samantha L Tucker
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Demba Sarr
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Balázs Rada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Adhikari N, Jha T, Ghosh B. Dissecting Histone Deacetylase 3 in Multiple Disease Conditions: Selective Inhibition as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8827-8869. [PMID: 34161101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The acetylation of histone and non-histone proteins has been implicated in several disease states. Modulation of such epigenetic modifications has therefore made histone deacetylases (HDACs) important drug targets. HDAC3, among various class I HDACs, has been signified as a potentially validated target in multiple diseases, namely, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disorders, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, parasitic infections, and HIV. However, only a handful of HDAC3-selective inhibitors have been reported in spite of continuous efforts in design and development of HDAC3-selective inhibitors. In this Perspective, the roles of HDAC3 in various diseases as well as numerous potent and HDAC3-selective inhibitors have been discussed in detail. It will surely open up a new vista in the discovery of newer, more effective, and more selective HDAC3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Adhikari
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, P.O. Box 17020, Kolkata, 700032 West Bengal, India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, P.O. Box 17020, Kolkata, 700032 West Bengal, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
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Kumar V, Kundu S, Singh A, Singh S. Understanding the role of histone deacetylase and their inhibitors in neurodegenerative disorders: Current targets and future perspective. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:158-178. [PMID: 34151764 PMCID: PMC9199543 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210609160017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of pathological conditions that cause motor inc-ordination (jerking movements), cognitive and memory impairments result from degeneration of neurons in a specific area of the brain. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, neurochemical imbalance and histone deacetylase enzymes (HDAC) are known to play a crucial role in neurodegeneration. HDAC is classified into four categories (class I, II, III and class IV) depending upon their location and functions. HDAC1 and 2 are involved in neurodegeneration, while HDAC3-11 and class III HDACs are beneficial as neuroprotective. HDACs are localized in different parts of the brain- HDAC1 (hippocampus and cortex), HDAC2 (nucleus), HDAC3, 4, 5, 7 and 9 (nucleus and cytoplasm), HDAC6 & HDAC7 (cytoplasm) and HDAC11 (Nucleus, cornus ammonis 1 and spinal cord). In pathological conditions, HDAC up-regulates glutamate, phosphorylation of tau, and glial fibrillary acidic proteins while down-regulating BDNF, Heat shock protein 70 and Gelsolin. Class III HDACs are divided into seven sub-classes (SIRT1-SIRT7). Sirtuins are localized in the different parts of the brain and neuron -Sirt1 (nucleus), Sirt2 (cortex, striatum, hippocampus and spinal cord), Sirt3 (mitochondria and cytoplasm), Sirt4, Sirt5 & Sirt6 (mitochondria), Sirt7 (nucleus) and Sirt8 (nucleolus). SIRTs (1, 3, 4, and 6) are involved in neuronal survival, proliferation and modulating stress response, and SIRT2 is associated with Parkinsonism, Huntington’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, whereas SIRT6 is only associated with Alzheimer’s disease. In this critical review, we have discussed the mechanisms and therapeutic targets of HDACs that would be beneficial for the management of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kumar
- Scholar, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Satyabrata Kundu
- Scholar, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Arti Singh
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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Kim DH, Kim R, Lee JY, Lee KM. Clinical, Imaging, and Laboratory Markers of Premanifest Spinocerebellar Ataxia 1, 2, 3, and 6: A Systematic Review. J Clin Neurol 2021; 17:187-199. [PMID: 33835738 PMCID: PMC8053554 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2021.17.2.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Premanifest mutation carriers with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) can exhibit subtle abnormalities before developing ataxia. We summarized the preataxic manifestations of SCA1, -2, -3, and -6, and their associations with ataxia onset. Methods We included studies of the premanifest carriers of SCA published between January 1998 and December 2019 identified in Scopus and PubMed by searching for terms including ‘spinocerebellar ataxia’ and several synonyms of ‘preataxic manifestation’. We systematically reviewed the results obtained in studies categorized based on clinical, imaging, and laboratory markers. Results We finally performed a qualitative analysis of 48 papers. Common preataxic manifestations appearing in multiple SCA subtypes were muscle cramps, abnormal muscle reflexes, instability in gait and posture, lower Composite Cerebellar Functional Severity scores, abnormalities in video-oculography and transcranial magnetic stimulation, and gray-matter loss and volume reduction in the brainstem and cerebellar structures. Also, decreased sensory amplitudes in nerve conduction studies were observed in SCA2. Eotaxin and neurofilament light-chain levels were revealed as sensitive blood biomarkers in SCA3. Concerning potential predictive markers, hyporeflexia and abnormalities of somatosensory evoked potentials showed correlations with the time to ataxia onset in SCA2 carriers. However, no longitudinal data were found for the other SCA gene carriers. Conclusions Our results suggest that preataxic manifestations vary among SCA1, -2, -3, and -6, with some subtypes sharing specific features. Combining various markers into a standardized index for premanifest carriers may be useful for early screening and assessing the risk of disease progression in SCA carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoi Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Seoul National University-Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ryul Kim
- Department of Neurology, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jee Young Lee
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Seoul National University-Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Kyoung Min Lee
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Genetic Screen in Adult Drosophila Reveals That dCBP Depletion in Glial Cells Mitigates Huntington Disease Pathology through a Foxo-Dependent Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083884. [PMID: 33918672 PMCID: PMC8069648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive and fatal autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the first exon of the huntingtin gene (HTT). In spite of considerable efforts, there is currently no treatment to stop or delay the disease. Although HTT is expressed ubiquitously, most of our knowledge has been obtained on neurons. More recently, the impact of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) on other cell types, including glial cells, has received growing interest. It is currently unclear whether new pathological pathways could be identified in these cells compared to neurons. To address this question, we performed an in vivo screen for modifiers of mutant huntingtin (HTT-548-128Q) induced pathology in Drosophila adult glial cells and identified several putative therapeutic targets. Among them, we discovered that partial nej/dCBP depletion in these cells was protective, as revealed by strongly increased lifespan and restored locomotor activity. Thus, dCBP promotes the HD pathology in glial cells, in contrast to previous opposite findings in neurons. Further investigations implicated the transcriptional activator Foxo as a critical downstream player in this glial protective pathway. Our data suggest that combinatorial approaches combined to specific tissue targeting may be required to uncover efficient therapies in HD.
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Cavallo F, Troglio F, Fagà G, Fancelli D, Shyti R, Trattaro S, Zanella M, D'Agostino G, Hughes JM, Cera MR, Pasi M, Gabriele M, Lazzarin M, Mihailovich M, Kooy F, Rosa A, Mercurio C, Varasi M, Testa G. High-throughput screening identifies histone deacetylase inhibitors that modulate GTF2I expression in 7q11.23 microduplication autism spectrum disorder patient-derived cortical neurons. Mol Autism 2020; 11:88. [PMID: 33208191 PMCID: PMC7677843 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental condition affecting almost 1% of children, and represents a major unmet medical need with no effective drug treatment available. Duplication at 7q11.23 (7Dup), encompassing 26–28 genes, is one of the best characterized ASD-causing copy number variations and offers unique translational opportunities, because the hemideletion of the same interval causes Williams–Beuren syndrome (WBS), a condition defined by hypersociability and language strengths, thereby providing a unique reference to validate treatments for the ASD symptoms. In the above-indicated interval at 7q11.23, defined as WBS critical region, several genes, such as GTF2I, BAZ1B, CLIP2 and EIF4H, emerged as critical for their role in the pathogenesis of WBS and 7Dup both from mouse models and human studies. Methods We performed a high-throughput screening of 1478 compounds, including central nervous system agents, epigenetic modulators and experimental substances, on patient-derived cortical glutamatergic neurons differentiated from our cohort of induced pluripotent stem cell lines (iPSCs), monitoring the transcriptional modulation of WBS interval genes, with a special focus on GTF2I, in light of its overriding pathogenic role. The hits identified were validated by measuring gene expression by qRT-PCR and the results were confirmed by western blotting. Results We identified and selected three histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) that decreased the abnormal expression level of GTF2I in 7Dup cortical glutamatergic neurons differentiated from four genetically different iPSC lines. We confirmed this effect also at the protein level. Limitations In this study, we did not address the molecular mechanisms whereby HDAC inhibitors act on GTF2I. The lead compounds identified will now need to be advanced to further testing in additional models, including patient-derived brain organoids and mouse models recapitulating the gene imbalances of the 7q11.23 microduplication, in order to validate their efficacy in rescuing phenotypes across multiple functional layers within a translational pipeline towards clinical use. Conclusions These results represent a unique opportunity for the development of a specific class of compounds for treating 7Dup and other forms of intellectual disability and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cavallo
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, c/o High Definition Disease Modelling Lab: Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavia Troglio
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab: Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fagà
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.,IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Fancelli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.,IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Reinald Shyti
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab: Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Trattaro
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, c/o High Definition Disease Modelling Lab: Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.,High Definition Disease Modelling Lab: Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Zanella
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab: Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.,Evotec SE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giuseppe D'Agostino
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab: Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - James M Hughes
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab: Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.,FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo Cancer Institute, SP 142 Km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Cera
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.,IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pasi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.,IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Gabriele
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab: Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Maddalena Lazzarin
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, c/o High Definition Disease Modelling Lab: Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Marija Mihailovich
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, c/o High Definition Disease Modelling Lab: Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.,High Definition Disease Modelling Lab: Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Frank Kooy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Ciro Mercurio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.,IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Varasi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.,IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- High Definition Disease Modelling Lab: Stem Cell and Organoid Epigenetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Santa Sofia 9, 20122, Milan, Italy. .,Human Technopole, Via Cristina Belgioioso, 171, 20157, Milan, Italy.
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New developments in Huntington's disease and other triplet repeat diseases: DNA repair turns to the dark side. Neuronal Signal 2020; 4:NS20200010. [PMID: 33224521 PMCID: PMC7672267 DOI: 10.1042/ns20200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a fatal, inherited neurodegenerative disease that causes neuronal death, particularly in medium spiny neurons. HD leads to serious and progressive motor, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms. Its genetic basis is an expansion of the CAG triplet repeat in the HTT gene, leading to extra glutamines in the huntingtin protein. HD is one of nine genetic diseases in this polyglutamine (polyQ) category, that also includes a number of inherited spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). Traditionally it has been assumed that HD age of onset and disease progression were solely the outcome of age-dependent exposure of neurons to toxic effects of the inherited mutant huntingtin protein. However, recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed significant effects of genetic variants outside of HTT. Surprisingly, these variants turn out to be mostly in genes encoding DNA repair factors, suggesting that at least some disease modulation occurs at the level of the HTT DNA itself. These DNA repair proteins are known from model systems to promote ongoing somatic CAG repeat expansions in tissues affected by HD. Thus, for triplet repeats, some DNA repair proteins seem to abandon their normal genoprotective roles and, instead, drive expansions and accelerate disease. One attractive hypothesis—still to be proven rigorously—is that somatic HTT expansions augment the disease burden of the inherited allele. If so, therapeutic approaches that lower levels of huntingtin protein may need blending with additional therapies that reduce levels of somatic CAG repeat expansions to achieve maximal effect.
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Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Brain development and degeneration are highly complex processes that are regulated by a large number of molecules and signaling pathways the identities of which are being unraveled. Accumulating evidence points to histone deacetylases and epigenetic mechanisms as being important regulators of these processes. In this review, we describe that histone deacetylase-3 (HDAC3) is a particularly crucial regulator of both neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. In addition, HDAC3 regulates memory formation, synaptic plasticity, and the cognitive impairment associated with normal aging. Understanding how HDAC3 functions contributes to the normal development and functioning of the brain while also promoting neurodegeneration could lead to the development of therapeutic approaches for neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Histone deacetylases 1, 2 and 3 in nervous system development. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 50:74-81. [PMID: 31901696 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although histone acetylases (HDACS) were initially believed to render chromatin in a transcriptionally repressed state by deacetylating histones, it is now known that they both repress and activate transcription. Moreover, HDACs regulate the activity and/or function of a large number of other cellular proteins localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Accumulating evidence indicates that HDACs also play a key role in the development of the nervous system. This review focuses on three classical HDACS - HDACs 1, 2 and 3. Although much evidence on the involvement of HDACs in neurodevelopment has come from the use of pharmacological inhibitors, because these agents are not specific in their action on individual HDAC proteins, this review only describes evidence derived from the use of molecular genetic approaches. Our review describes that HDACs 1, 2 and 3 play crucial roles in neurodevelopment by regulating neurogenesis, gliogenesis, the development of neural circuitry and synaptic transmission.
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Louis Sam Titus ASC, Sharma D, Kim MS, D'Mello SR. The Bdnf and Npas4 genes are targets of HDAC3-mediated transcriptional repression. BMC Neurosci 2019; 20:65. [PMID: 31883511 PMCID: PMC6935488 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-019-0546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Histone deacetylase-3 (HDAC3) promotes neurodegeneration in various cell culture and in vivo models of neurodegeneration but the mechanism by which HDAC3 exerts neurotoxicity is not known. HDAC3 is known to be a transcriptional co-repressor. The goal of this study was to identify transcriptional targets of HDAC3 in an attempt to understand how it promotes neurodegeneration. Results We used chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis coupled with deep sequencing (ChIP-Seq) to identify potential targets of HDAC3 in cerebellar granule neurons. One of the genes identified was the activity-dependent and neuroprotective transcription factor, Neuronal PAS Domain Protein 4 (Npas4). We confirmed using ChIP that in healthy neurons HDAC3 associates weakly with the Npas4 promoter, however, this association is robustly increased in neurons primed to die. We find that HDAC3 also associates differentially with the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) gene promoter, with higher association in dying neurons. In contrast, association of HDAC3 with the promoters of other neuroprotective genes, including those encoding c-Fos, FoxP1 and Stat3, was barely detectable in both healthy and dying neurons. Overexpression of HDAC3 leads to a suppression of Npas4 and Bdnf expression in cortical neurons and treatment with RGFP966, a chemical inhibitor of HDAC3, resulted in upregulation of their expression. Expression of HDAC3 also repressed Npas4 and Bdnf promoter activity. Conclusion Our results suggest that Bdnf and Npas4 are transcriptional targets of Hdac3-mediated repression. HDAC3 inhibitors have been shown to protect against behavioral deficits and neuronal loss in mouse models of neurodegeneration and it is possible that these inhibitors work by upregulating neuroprotective genes like Bdnf and Npas4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anto Sam Crosslee Louis Sam Titus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dharmendra Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Min Soo Kim
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Santosh R D'Mello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA. .,, Dallas, TX, 75243, USA.
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Saha A, Tiwari S, Dharmarajan S, Otteson DC, Belecky-Adams TL. Class I histone deacetylases in retinal progenitors and differentiating ganglion cells. Gene Expr Patterns 2018; 30:37-48. [PMID: 30179675 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acetylation state of histones has been used as an indicator of the developmental state of progenitor and differentiating cells. The goal of this study was to determine the nuclear localization patterns of Class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) in retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), as the first step in understanding their potential importance in cell fate determination within the murine retina. RESULTS The only HDAC to label RPC nuclei at E16 and P5 was HDAC1. In contrast, there was generally increased nuclear localization of all Class I HDACs in differentiating RGCs. Between P5 and P30, SOX2 expression becomes restricted to Müller glial, cholinergic amacrine cells, and retinal astrocytes. Cholinergic amacrine showed a combination of changes in nuclear localization of Class I HDACs. Strikingly, although Müller glia and retinal astrocytes express many of the same genes, P30 Müller glial cells showed nuclear localization only of HDAC1, while retinal astrocytes were positive for HDACs 1, 2, and 3. CONCLUSION These results indicate there may be a role for one or more of the Class I HDACs in retinal cell type-specific differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Saha
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University- Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Sarika Tiwari
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University- Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Subramanian Dharmarajan
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University- Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Deborah C Otteson
- University of Houston College of Optometry, 4901 Calhoun Rd. Rm 2195, Houston, TX, 77204-2020, USA.
| | - Teri L Belecky-Adams
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University- Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Adhikari N, Amin SA, Trivedi P, Jha T, Ghosh B. HDAC3 is a potential validated target for cancer: An overview on the benzamide-based selective HDAC3 inhibitors through comparative SAR/QSAR/QAAR approaches. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:1127-1142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Thomas EA, D'Mello SR. Complex neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of histone deacetylases. J Neurochem 2018; 145:96-110. [PMID: 29355955 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
By their ability to shatter quality of life for both patients and caregivers, neurodegenerative diseases are the most devastating of human disorders. Unfortunately, there are no effective or long-terms treatments capable of slowing down the relentless loss of neurons in any of these diseases. One impediment is the lack of detailed knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the processes of neurodegeneration. While some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are mostly sporadic in nature, driven by both environment and genetic susceptibility, many others, including Huntington's disease, spinocerebellar ataxias, and spinal-bulbar muscular atrophy, are genetically inherited disorders. Surprisingly, given their different roots and etiologies, both sporadic and genetic neurodegenerative disorders have been linked to disease mechanisms involving histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins, which consists of 18 family members with diverse functions. While most studies have implicated certain HDAC subtypes in promoting neurodegeneration, a substantial body of literature suggests that other HDAC proteins can preserve neuronal viability. Of particular interest, however, is the recent realization that a single HDAC subtype can have both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects. Diverse mechanisms, beyond transcriptional regulation have been linked to these effects, including deacetylation of non-histone proteins, protein-protein interactions, post-translational modifications of the HDAC proteins themselves and direct interactions with disease proteins. The roles of these HDACs in both sporadic and genetic neurodegenerative diseases will be discussed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Santosh R D'Mello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Xia J, Hu H, Xue W, Wang XS, Wu S. The discovery of novel HDAC3 inhibitors via virtual screening and in vitro bioassay. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:525-535. [PMID: 29464997 PMCID: PMC5978667 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1437156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is a potential target for the treatment of human diseases such as cancers, diabetes, chronic inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Previously, we proposed a virtual screening (VS) pipeline named “Hypo1_FRED_SAHA-3” for the discovery of HDAC3 inhibitors (HDAC3Is) and had thoroughly validated it by theoretical calculations. In this study, we attempted to explore its practical utility in a large-scale VS campaign. To this end, we used the VS pipeline to hierarchically screen the Specs chemical library. In order to facilitate compound cherry-picking, we then developed a knowledge-based pose filter (PF) by using our in-house quantitative structure activity relationship- (QSAR-) modelling approach and coupled it with FRED and Autodock Vina. Afterward, we purchased and tested 11 diverse compounds for their HDAC3 inhibitory activity in vitro. The bioassay has identified compound 2 (Specs ID: AN-979/41971160) as a HDAC3I (IC50 = 6.1 μM), which proved the efficacy of our workflow. As a medicinal chemistry study, we performed a follow-up substructure search and identified two more hit compounds of the same chemical type, i.e. 2–1 (AQ-390/42122119, IC50 = 1.3 μM) and 2–2 (AN-329/43450111, IC50 = 12.5 μM). Based on the chemical structures and activities, we have demonstrated the essential role of the capping group in maintaining the activity for this class of HDAC3Is. In addition, we tested the hit compounds for their in vitro activities on other HDACs, including HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC8, HDAC4 and HDAC6. We have identified these compounds are HDAC1/2/3 selective inhibitors, of which compound 2 show the best selectivity profile. Taken together, the present study is an experimental validation and an update to our earlier VS strategy. The identified hits could be used as starting structures for the development of highly potent and selective HDAC3Is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xia
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Huabin Hu
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Wenjie Xue
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Xiang Simon Wang
- b Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery Core Laboratory for District of Columbia Center for AIDS Research (DC CFAR), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Howard University , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Song Wu
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development , Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
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Qu Z, D'Mello SR. Proteomic analysis identifies NPTX1 and HIP1R as potential targets of histone deacetylase-3-mediated neurodegeneration. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:627-638. [PMID: 29486577 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218761149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A defining feature of neurodegenerative diseases is the abnormal and excessive loss of neurons. One molecule that is particularly important in promoting neuronal death in a variety of cell culture and in vivo models of neurodegeneration is histone deacetylase-3 (HDAC3), a member of the histone deacetylase family of proteins. As a step towards understanding how HDAC3 promotes neuronal death, we conducted a proteomic screen aimed at identifying proteins that were regulated by HDAC3. HDAC3 was overexpressed in cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) and protein lysates were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Of over 3000 proteins identified in the screen, only 21 proteins displayed a significant alteration in expression. Of these, 12 proteins were downregulated whereas 9 proteins were upregulated. The altered expression of five of these proteins, TEX10, NPTX1, TFG, TSC1, and NFL, along with another protein that was downregulated in the proteomic screen, HIP1R, was confirmed using Western blots and commercially available antibodies. Because antibodies were not available for some of the proteins and since HDAC3 is a transcriptional regulator of gene expression, we conducted RT-PCR analysis to confirm expression changes. In separate analyses, we also included other proteins that are known to regulate neurodegeneration, including HDAC9, HSF1, huntingtin, GAPDH, FUS, and p65/RELA. Based on our proteomic screen and candidate protein approach, we identify three genes, Nptx1, Hip1r, and Hdac9, all known to regulate neurodegeneration that are robustly regulated by HDAC3. Given their suggested roles in regulating neuronal death, these genes are likely to be involved in regulating HDAC3-mediated neurotoxicity. Impact statement Neurodegenerative diseases are a major medical, social, and economic problem. Recent studies by several laboratories have indicated that histone deacetylase-3 (HDAC3) plays a key role in promoting neuronal death. But the downstream mediators of HDAC3 neurotoxicity have yet to be identified. We conducted a proteomic screen to identify HDAC3 targets the results of which have been described in this report. Briefly, we identify Nptx1, Hip1r, and Hdac9 as genes whose expression is altered by HDAC3. Investigating how these genes are involved in HDAC3 neurotoxicity could shed valuable insight into neurodegenerative disease and identify molecules that can be targeted to treat these devastating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Qu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA
| | - Santosh R D'Mello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA
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Yao C, Carraro G, Konda B, Guan X, Mizuno T, Chiba N, Kostelny M, Kurkciyan A, David G, McQualter JL, Stripp BR. Sin3a regulates epithelial progenitor cell fate during lung development. Development 2017; 144:2618-2628. [PMID: 28619823 DOI: 10.1242/dev.149708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms that regulate tissue-specific progenitors for maintenance and differentiation during development are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the co-repressor protein Sin3a is crucial for lung endoderm development. Loss of Sin3a in mouse early foregut endoderm led to a specific and profound defect in lung development with lung buds failing to undergo branching morphogenesis and progressive atrophy of the proximal lung endoderm with complete epithelial loss at later stages of development. Consequently, neonatal pups died at birth due to respiratory insufficiency. Further analysis revealed that loss of Sin3a resulted in embryonic lung epithelial progenitor cells adopting a senescence-like state with permanent cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. This was mediated at least partially through upregulation of the cell cycle inhibitors Cdkn1a and Cdkn2c. At the same time, loss of endodermal Sin3a also disrupted cell differentiation of the mesoderm, suggesting aberrant epithelial-mesenchymal signaling. Together, these findings reveal that Sin3a is an essential regulator for early lung endoderm specification and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfu Yao
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Gianni Carraro
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Bindu Konda
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Xiangrong Guan
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Takako Mizuno
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Norika Chiba
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Matthew Kostelny
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Adrianne Kurkciyan
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Gregory David
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jonathan L McQualter
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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24
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Jia H, Wang Y, Morris CD, Jacques V, Gottesfeld JM, Rusche JR, Thomas EA. The Effects of Pharmacological Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in Huntington's Disease Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152498. [PMID: 27031333 PMCID: PMC4816519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An important epigenetic modification in Huntington’s disease (HD) research is histone acetylation, which is regulated by histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes. HDAC inhibitors have proven effective in HD model systems, and recent work is now focused on functional dissection of the individual HDAC enzymes in these effects. Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), a member of the class I subfamily of HDACs, has previously been implicated in neuronal toxicity and huntingtin-induced cell death. Hence, we tested the effects of RGFP966 ((E)-N-(2-amino-4-fluorophenyl)-3-(1-cinnamyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)acrylamide), a benzamide-type HDAC inhibitor that selectively targets HDAC3, in the N171-82Q transgenic mouse model of HD. We found that RGFP966 at doses of 10 and 25 mg/kg improves motor deficits on rotarod and in open field exploration, accompanied by neuroprotective effects on striatal volume. In light of previous studies implicating HDAC3 in immune function, we measured gene expression changes for 84 immune-related genes elicited by RGFP966 using quantitative PCR arrays. RGFP966 treatment did not cause widespread changes in cytokine/chemokine gene expression patterns, but did significantly alter the striatal expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (Mif), a hormone immune modulator associated with glial cell activation, in N171-82Q transgenic mice, but not WT mice. Accordingly, RGFP966-treated mice showed decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity, a marker of astrocyte activation, in the striatum of N171-82Q transgenic mice compared to vehicle-treated mice. These findings suggest that the beneficial actions of HDAC3 inhibition could be related, in part, with lowered Mif levels and its associated downstream effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqun Jia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Charles D. Morris
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Vincent Jacques
- Repligen Corporation, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joel M. Gottesfeld
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - James R. Rusche
- Repligen Corporation, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Thomas
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Sinha S, Tyagi C, Goyal S, Jamal S, Somvanshi P, Grover A. Fragment based G-QSAR and molecular dynamics based mechanistic simulations into hydroxamic-based HDAC inhibitors against spinocerebellar ataxia. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 34:2281-95. [PMID: 26510381 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1113386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Expansion of polyglutamine (CAG) triplets within the coding gene ataxin 2 results in transcriptional repression, forming the molecular basis of the neurodegenerative disorder named spinocerebellar ataxia type-2 (SCA2). HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have been elements of great interest in polyglutamine disorders such as Huntington's and Ataxia's. In this study, we have selected hydroxamic acid derivatives as HDACi and performed fragment-based G-QSAR, molecular docking studies and molecular dynamics simulations for elucidating the dynamic mode of action of HDACi with His-Asp catalytic dyad of HDAC4. The model was statistically validated to establish its predictive robustness. The model was statistically significant with r(2) value of .6297, cross-validated co-relation coefficient q(2) value of .5905 and pred_r(2) (predicted square co-relation coefficient) value of .85. An F-test value of 56.11 confirms absolute robustness of the model. Two combinatorial libraries comprising of 3180 compounds were created with hydroxamate moiety as the template and their pIC50 activities were predicted based on the G-QSAR model. The combinatorial library created was screened on the basis of predicted activity (pIC50), with two resultant top scoring compounds, HIC and DHC. The interaction of the compounds with His-Asp dyad in terms of H-bond interactions with His802, Asp840, Pro942, and Gly975 residues of HDAC4 was evaluated by docking and 20 ns long molecular dynamics simulations. This study provides valuable leads for structural substitutions required for hydroxamate moiety to exhibit enhanced inhibitory activity against HDAC4. The reported compounds demonstrated good binding and thus can be considered as potent therapeutic leads against ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Sinha
- a Department of Biotechnology , TERI University , 10 Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070 , India
| | - Chetna Tyagi
- b Indian Agricultural Research Institute , PUSA Road, New Delhi 110012 , India
| | - Sukriti Goyal
- c Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Banasthali University , Tonk , Rajasthan 304022 , India
| | - Salma Jamal
- c Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Banasthali University , Tonk , Rajasthan 304022 , India
| | - Pallavi Somvanshi
- a Department of Biotechnology , TERI University , 10 Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070 , India
| | - Abhinav Grover
- d School of Biotechnology , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India
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26
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Bacon T, Seiler C, Wolny M, Hughes R, Watson P, Schwabe J, Grigg R, Peckham M. Histone deacetylase 3 indirectly modulates tubulin acetylation. Biochem J 2015; 472:367-77. [PMID: 26450925 PMCID: PMC4661566 DOI: 10.1042/bj20150660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), a member of the Class I subfamily of HDACs, is found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Its roles in the nucleus have been well characterized, but its cytoplasmic roles are still not elucidated fully. We found that blocking HDAC3 activity using MI192, a compound specific for HDAC3, modulated tubulin acetylation in the human prostate cancer cell line PC3. A brief 1 h treatment of PC3 cells with MI192 significantly increased levels of tubulin acetylation and ablated the dynamic behaviour of microtubules in live cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown (KD) of HDAC3 in PC3 cells, significantly increased levels of tubulin acetylation, and overexpression reduced it. However, the active HDAC3-silencing mediator of retinoic and thyroid receptors (SMRT)-deacetylase-activating domain (DAD) complex did not directly deacetylate tubulin in vitro. These data suggest that HDAC3 indirectly modulates tubulin acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Bacon
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Caroline Seiler
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Marcin Wolny
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Ruth Hughes
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Peter Watson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Structural Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, U.K
| | - John Schwabe
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Structural Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, U.K
| | - Ronald Grigg
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Maths and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Michelle Peckham
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
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27
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Zhang Y, Xu W. Isoform-selective histone deacetylase inhibitors: the trend and promise of disease treatment. Epigenomics 2015; 7:5-7. [PMID: 25687460 DOI: 10.2217/epi.14.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Ji'nan, Shandong 250012, PR China
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28
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Gunia-Krzyżak A, Pańczyk K, Waszkielewicz AM, Marona H. Cinnamamide Derivatives for Central and Peripheral Nervous System Disorders--A Review of Structure-Activity Relationships. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1302-25. [PMID: 26083325 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cinnamamide scaffold has been incorporated in to the structure of numerous organic compounds with therapeutic potential. The scaffold enables multiple interactions, such as hydrophobic, dipolar, and hydrogen bonding, with important molecular targets. Additionally, the scaffold has multiple substitution options providing the opportunity to optimize and modify the pharmacological activity of the derivatives. In particular, cinnamamide derivatives have exhibited therapeutic potential in animal models of both central and peripheral nervous system disorders. Some have undergone clinical trials and were introduced on to the pharmaceutical market. The diverse activities observed in the nervous system included anticonvulsant, antidepressant, neuroprotective, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, muscle relaxant, and sedative properties. Over the last decade, research has focused on the molecular mechanisms of action of these derivatives, and the data reported in the literature include targeting the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA ) receptors, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels, voltage-gated potassium channels, histone deacetylases (HDACs), prostanoid receptors, opioid receptors, and histamine H3 receptors. Here, the literature data from reports evaluating cinnamic acid amide derivatives for activity in target-based or phenotypic assays, both in vivo and in vitro, relevant to disorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems are analyzed and structure-activity relationships discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gunia-Krzyżak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow (Poland).
| | - Katarzyna Pańczyk
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow (Poland)
| | - Anna M Waszkielewicz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow (Poland)
| | - Henryk Marona
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow (Poland)
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29
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Baertschi S, Baur N, Lueders-Lefevre V, Voshol J, Keller H. Class I and IIa histone deacetylases have opposite effects on sclerostin gene regulation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24995-5009. [PMID: 25012661 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.564997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult bone mass is controlled by the bone formation repressor sclerostin (SOST). Previously, we have shown that intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) bone anabolic therapy involves SOST expression reduction by inhibiting myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2), which activates a distant bone enhancer. Here, we extended our SOST gene regulation studies by analyzing a role of class I and IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs), which are known regulators of MEF2s. Expression analysis using quantitative PCR (qPCR) showed high expression of HDACs 1 and 2, lower amounts of HDACs 3, 5, and 7, low amounts of HDAC4, and no expression of HDACs 8 and 9 in constitutively SOST-expressing UMR106 osteocytic cells. PTH-induced Sost suppression was associated with specific rapid nuclear accumulation of HDAC5 and co-localization with MEF2s in nuclear speckles requiring serine residues 259 and 498, whose phosphorylations control nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Increasing nuclear levels of HDAC5 in UMR106 by blocking nuclear export with leptomycin B (LepB) or overexpression in transient transfection assays inhibited endogenous Sost transcription and reporter gene expression, respectively. This repressor effect of HDAC5 did not require catalytic activity using specific HDAC inhibitors. In contrast, inhibition of class I HDAC activities and expression using RNA interference suppressed constitutive Sost expression in UMR106 cells. An unbiased comprehensive search for involved HDAC targets using an acetylome analysis revealed several non-histone proteins as candidates. These findings suggest that PTH-mediated Sost repression involves nuclear accumulation of HDAC inhibiting the MEF2-dependent Sost bone enhancer, and class I HDACs are required for constitutive Sost expression in osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Baur
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Johannes Voshol
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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