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Hacioglu C, Tuncer C. Boric acid Increases Susceptibility to Chemotherapy by Targeting the Ferritinophagy Signaling Pathway in TMZ Resistant Glioblastoma Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3574-3587. [PMID: 37906374 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a common and highly lethal form of brain cancer. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the primary chemotherapy used for GBM, but it has limited effectiveness, with about half of the patients developing resistance. Iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) modulate genes involved in iron metabolism, while the nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) controls iron metabolism through a process called ferritinophagy. In this study, we investigated whether boric acid increases chemosensitivity mediated by ferritinophagy via the NCOA4 and IRP2 signaling pathways in TMZ-resistant GBM cells. First, we generated TMZ-resistant GBM cells (A172-R and T98G-R cells). Next, we investigated the effects of boric acid on cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle, and cell morphology in these cells. Additionally, following boric acid treatment, we analyzed the expression and protein levels of various biochemical markers in these cells. Boric acid treatment in A172-R and T98G-R cells suppressed cell viability and proliferation, arrested these cells in the G1/G0 cell cycle, and induced morphological differences. Boric acid increased NCOA4, IRP2, iron, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in A172-R and T98G-R cells, while glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) levels decreased. Moreover, boric acid treatment increased intracellular iron levels and lipid peroxidation by inducing NCOA4 and IRP2 expression levels in TMZ-resistant cells. According to our results, boric acid may regulate chemosensitivity in A172-R and T98G-R cells mediated by NCOA4 and IRP2. In conclusion, the manipulative effects of boric acid on the ferritinophagy pathway hold the potential to sensitize TMZ-resistant GBM cells to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhan Hacioglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey.
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey.
| | - Cengiz Tuncer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
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2
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Huseman ED, Lo A, Fedorova O, Elia JL, Gueble SE, Lin K, Sundaram RK, Oh J, Liu J, Menges F, Rees MG, Ronan MM, Roth JA, Batista VS, Crawford JM, Pyle AM, Bindra RS, Herzon SB. Mechanism of Action of KL-50, a Candidate Imidazotetrazine for the Treatment of Drug-Resistant Brain Cancers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18241-18252. [PMID: 38815248 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant DNA repair is a hallmark of cancer, and many tumors display reduced DNA repair capacities that sensitize them to genotoxins. Here, we demonstrate that the differential DNA repair capacities of healthy and transformed tissue may be exploited to obtain highly selective chemotherapies. We show that the novel N3-(2-fluoroethyl)imidazotetrazine "KL-50" is a selective toxin toward tumors that lack the DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT), which reverses the formation of O6-alkylguanine lesions. We establish that KL-50 generates DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) by a multistep process comprising DNA alkylation to generate an O6-(2-fluoroethyl)guanine (O6FEtG) lesion, slow unimolecular displacement of fluoride to form an N1,O6-ethanoguanine (N1,O6EtG) intermediate, and ring-opening by the adjacent cytidine. The slow rate of N1,O6EtG formation allows healthy cells expressing MGMT to reverse the initial O6FEtG lesion before it evolves to N1,O6EtG, thereby suppressing the formation of toxic DNA-MGMT cross-links and reducing the amount of DNA ICLs generated in healthy cells. In contrast, O6-(2-chloroethyl)guanine lesions produced by agents such as lomustine and the N3-(2-chloroethyl)imidazotetrazine mitozolomide rapidly evolve to N1,O6EtG, resulting in the formation of DNA-MGMT cross-links and DNA ICLs in healthy tissue. These studies suggest that careful consideration of the rates of chemical DNA modification and biochemical DNA repair may lead to the identification of other tumor-specific genotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Huseman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Anna Lo
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Olga Fedorova
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - James L Elia
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Susan E Gueble
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Kingson Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Ranjini K Sundaram
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Joonseok Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Institute of Biomolecular Design & Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Jinchan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Fabian Menges
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biophysical Instrumentation Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Matthew G Rees
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Melissa M Ronan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jennifer A Roth
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Victor S Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jason M Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biophysical Instrumentation Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Anna M Pyle
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Ranjit S Bindra
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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3
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Bahrami K, Kärkkäinen J, Bibi S, Huttunen J, Tampio J, Montaser AB, Moody CL, Lehtonen M, Rautio J, Wheelhouse RT, Huttunen KM. Specific transport of temozolomide does not override DNA repair-mediated chemoresistance. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 195:106661. [PMID: 38052257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) a DNA alkylating agent, is the standard-of-care for brain tumors, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Although the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of TMZ, such as chemical stability and the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), have been questioned in the past, the acquired chemoresistance has been the main limiting factor of long-term clinical use of TMZ. In the present study, an L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1)-utilizing prodrug of TMZ (TMZ-AA, 6) was prepared and studied for its cellular accumulation and cytotoxic properties in human squamous cell carcinoma, UT-SCC-28 and UT-SCC-42B cells, and TMZ-sensitive human glioma, U-87MG cells that expressed functional LAT1. TMZ-AA 6 accumulated more effectively than TMZ itself into those cancer cells that expressed LAT1 (UT-SCC-42B). However, this did not correlate with decreased viability of treated cells. Indeed, TMZ-AA 6, similarly to TMZ itself, required adjuvant inhibitor(s) of DNA-repair systems, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyl transferase (MGMT) and base excision repair (BER), as well as active DNA mismatch repair (MMR), for maximal growth inhibition. The present study shows that improving the delivery of this widely-used methylating agent is not the main barrier to improved chemotherapy, although utilizing a specific transporter overexpressed at the BBB or glioma cells can have targeting advantages. To obtain a more effective anticancer prodrug, the compound design focus should shift to altering the major DNA alkylation site or inhibiting DNA repair systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayun Bahrami
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Kärkkäinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sania Bibi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Johanna Huttunen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Janne Tampio
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ahmed B Montaser
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarkko Rautio
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Kristiina M Huttunen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Devare MN, Kaeberlein M. An anti-depressant drug vortioxetine suppresses malignant glioblastoma cell growth. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2024; 2024:10.17912/micropub.biology.001173. [PMID: 38596362 PMCID: PMC11002643 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) stands as the predominant primary malignant brain tumor in adults, characterized by an exceedingly grim prognosis. Urgent efforts are essential to pioneer effective therapeutics capable of addressing both the intrinsic and acquired resistance exhibited by GBM towards existing treatments. This study employs a drug repurposing strategy to explore the anti-cancer potential of vortioxetine in malignant U251 and T98G glioblastoma cells. Findings from the WST-8 cell counting assay and clonogenic assays indicated that vortioxetine effectively suppressed the short-term viability and long-term survival of glioblastoma cells. We also showed that vortioxetine inhibited the migration of glioblastoma cells as compared to the control. Our findings encourage further exploration and validation of the use of vortioxetine in the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Nimbadas Devare
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Optispan, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
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Meng J, Qian W, Yang Z, Gong L, Xu D, Huang H, Jiang X, Pu Z, Yin Y, Zou J. p53/E2F7 axis promotes temozolomide chemoresistance in glioblastoma multiforme. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:317. [PMID: 38454344 PMCID: PMC10921682 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of brain cancer, and chemoresistance poses a significant challenge to the survival and prognosis of GBM. Although numerous regulatory mechanisms that contribute to chemoresistance have been identified, many questions remain unanswered. This study aims to identify the mechanism of temozolomide (TMZ) resistance in GBM. METHODS Bioinformatics and antibody-based protein detection were used to examine the expression of E2F7 in gliomas and its correlation with prognosis. Additionally, IC50, cell viability, colony formation, apoptosis, doxorubicin (Dox) uptake, and intracranial transplantation were used to confirm the role of E2F7 in TMZ resistance, using our established TMZ-resistance (TMZ-R) model. Western blot and ChIP experiments provided confirmation of p53-driven regulation of E2F7. RESULTS Elevated levels of E2F7 were detected in GBM tissue and were correlated with a poor prognosis for patients. E2F7 was found to be upregulated in TMZ-R tumors, and its high levels were linked to increased chemotherapy resistance by limiting drug uptake and decreasing DNA damage. The expression of E2F7 was also found to be regulated by the activation of p53. CONCLUSIONS The high expression of E2F7, regulated by activated p53, confers chemoresistance to GBM cells by inhibiting drug uptake and DNA damage. These findings highlight the significant connection between sustained p53 activation and GBM chemoresistance, offering the potential for new strategies to overcome this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 214023, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Research, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 214023, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 214023, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Research, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 214023, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Clinical Laborator, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, 215300, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenkun Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 214023, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Research, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 214023, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingli Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 214023, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Research, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 214023, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daxing Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 214023, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Research, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 214023, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongbo Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, 214063, Wuxi, China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 214023, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Research, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 214023, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhening Pu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 214023, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- Center of Clinical Research, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 214023, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 214023, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- Center of Clinical Research, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 214023, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jian Zou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 214023, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- Center of Clinical Research, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 214023, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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Stepanenko AA, Sosnovtseva AO, Valikhov MP, Chernysheva AA, Abramova OV, Pavlov KA, Chekhonin VP. Systemic and local immunosuppression in glioblastoma and its prognostic significance. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1326753. [PMID: 38481999 PMCID: PMC10932993 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1326753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of tumor therapy, especially immunotherapy and oncolytic virotherapy, critically depends on the activity of the host immune cells. However, various local and systemic mechanisms of immunosuppression operate in cancer patients. Tumor-associated immunosuppression involves deregulation of many components of immunity, including a decrease in the number of T lymphocytes (lymphopenia), an increase in the levels or ratios of circulating and tumor-infiltrating immunosuppressive subsets [e.g., macrophages, microglia, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs)], as well as defective functions of subsets of antigen-presenting, helper and effector immune cell due to altered expression of various soluble and membrane proteins (receptors, costimulatory molecules, and cytokines). In this review, we specifically focus on data from patients with glioblastoma/glioma before standard chemoradiotherapy. We discuss glioblastoma-related immunosuppression at baseline and the prognostic significance of different subsets of circulating and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (lymphocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, Tregs, natural killer (NK) cells, neutrophils, macrophages, MDSCs, and dendritic cells), including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), focus on the immune landscape and prognostic significance of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant gliomas, proneural, classical and mesenchymal molecular subtypes, and highlight the features of immune surveillance in the brain. All attempts to identify a reliable prognostic immune marker in glioblastoma tissue have led to contradictory results, which can be explained, among other things, by the unprecedented level of spatial heterogeneity of the immune infiltrate and the significant phenotypic diversity and (dys)functional states of immune subpopulations. High NLR is one of the most repeatedly confirmed independent prognostic factors for shorter overall survival in patients with glioblastoma and carcinoma, and its combination with other markers of the immune response or systemic inflammation significantly improves the accuracy of prediction; however, more prospective studies are needed to confirm the prognostic/predictive power of NLR. We call for the inclusion of dynamic assessment of NLR and other blood inflammatory markers (e.g., absolute/total lymphocyte count, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index, and systemic immune response index) in all neuro-oncology studies for rigorous evaluation and comparison of their individual and combinatorial prognostic/predictive significance and relative superiority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei A. Stepanenko
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiia O. Sosnovtseva
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marat P. Valikhov
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Chernysheva
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Abramova
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin A. Pavlov
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir P. Chekhonin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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7
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Alves A, Silva AM, Nunes C, Cravo S, Reis S, Pinto M, Sousa E, Rodrigues F, Ferreira D, Costa PC, Correia-da-Silva M. The Synthesis and Characterization of a Delivery System Based on Polymersomes and a Xanthone with Inhibitory Activity in Glioblastoma. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:132. [PMID: 38255746 PMCID: PMC10820267 DOI: 10.3390/life14010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and deadly primary malignant brain tumor. Current therapies are insufficient, and survival for individuals diagnosed with GBM is limited to a few months. New GBM treatments are urgent. Polymeric nanoparticles (PNs) can increase the circulation time of a drug in the brain capillaries. Polymersomes (PMs) are PNs that have been described as having attractive characteristics, mainly due to their stability, prolonged circulation period, biodegradability, their ability to sustain the release of drugs, and the possibility of surface functionalization. In this work, a poly(ethylene glycol)-ε-caprolactone (PEG-PCL) copolymer was synthesized and PMs were prepared and loaded with an hydrolytic instable compound, previously synthesized by our research team, the 3,6-bis(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-glucopyranosyl)xanthone (XGAc), with promising cytotoxicity on glioblastoma cells (U-373 MG) but also on healthy cerebral endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3). The prepared PMs were spherical particles with uniform morphology and similar sizes (mean diameter of 200 nm) and were stable in aqueous suspension. The encapsulation of XGAc in PMs (80% encapsulation efficacy) protected the healthy endothelial cells from the cytotoxic effects of this compound, while maintaining cytotoxicity for the glioblastoma cell line U-373 MG. Our studies also showed that the prepared PMs can efficiently release XGAc at intratumoral pHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Alves
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Silva
- REQUIMTE/LAQV—Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, ISEP, Polytechnique of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Claúdia Nunes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV—Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Cravo
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal dos Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Salette Reis
- REQUIMTE/LAQV—Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal dos Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal dos Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV—Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, ISEP, Polytechnique of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Domingos Ferreira
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo C. Costa
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Correia-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal dos Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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8
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Alves A, Silva AM, Moreira J, Nunes C, Reis S, Pinto M, Cidade H, Rodrigues F, Ferreira D, Costa PC, Correia-da-Silva M. Polymersomes for Sustained Delivery of a Chalcone Derivative Targeting Glioblastoma Cells. Brain Sci 2024; 14:82. [PMID: 38248297 PMCID: PMC10813242 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system responsible for the most deaths among patients with primary brain tumors. Current therapies for GBM are not effective, with the average survival of GBM patients after diagnosis being limited to a few months. Chemotherapy is difficult in this case due to the heterogeneity of GBM and the high efficacy of the blood-brain barrier, which makes drug absorption into the brain extremely difficult. In a previous study, 3',4',3,4,5-trimethoxychalcone (MB) showed antiproliferative and anti-invasion activities toward GBM cells. Polymersomes (PMs) are an attractive, new type of nanoparticle for drug administration, due to their high stability, enhanced circulation time, biodegradability, and sustained drug release. In the present study, different MB formulations, PEG2000-PCL and PEG5000-PCL, were synthesized, characterized, and compared in terms of 14-day stability and in vitro cytotoxicity (hCMEC/D3 and U-373 MG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Alves
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal (P.C.C.)
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Silva
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Moreira
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environment Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal dos Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos P, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Claúdia Nunes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE—Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE—Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environment Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal dos Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos P, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Honorina Cidade
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environment Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal dos Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos P, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Domingos Ferreira
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal (P.C.C.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo C. Costa
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal (P.C.C.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Correia-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environment Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal dos Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos P, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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9
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Vibhavari RJA, Rao V, Cheruku SP, Kumar BH, Maity S, Nandakumar K, Kumar L, Mehta CH, Nayak U, Chamallamudi MR, Kumar N. Enhancing temozolomide antiglioma response by inhibiting O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase with selected phytochemicals: in silico and in vitro approach. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:385. [PMID: 37928438 PMCID: PMC10622385 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the potential of rutin, catechin, dehydrozingerone, naringenin, and quercetin, both alone and in combination with temozolomide, to inhibit the expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in glioma cells. MGMT has been shown to be a major cause of temozolomide resistance in glioma. Our study used both in silico and in vitro methods to assess the inhibitory activity of these phytochemicals on MGMT, with the goal of identifying the most effective combination of compounds for reducing temozolomide resistance. After conducting an initial in silico screening of natural compounds against MGMT protein, five phytochemicals were chosen based on their high docking scores and favorable binding energies. From the molecular docking and simulation studies, we found that quercetin showed a good inhibitory effect of MGMT with its high binding affinity. C6 glioma cells showed increased cytotoxicity when treated with the temozolomide and quercetin combination. It was understood from the isobologram and combination index plot that the drug combination showed a synergistic effect at the lowest dose. Quercetin when combined with temozolomide significantly decreased the MGMT levels in C6 cells in comparison with the other drugs as estimated by ELISA. The percentage of apoptotic cells increased significantly in the temozolomide-quercetin group indicating the potency of quercetin in decreasing the resistance of temozolomide as confirmed by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. Our experiment hence suggests that temozolomide resistance can be reduced by combining the drug with quercetin which will serve as an effective therapeutic target for glioblastoma treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03821-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. J. A. Vibhavari
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
| | - Vanishree Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
| | - Sri Pragnya Cheruku
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
| | - B. Harish Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
| | - Swastika Maity
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
| | - Krishnadas Nandakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Chetan Hasmukh Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
| | - Usha Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Chamallamudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Industrial Area, Vaishali, Hajipur, 844102 Bihar India
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Stevens MFG, Wheelhouse RT. Antitumour imidazotetrazines: past, present… and future? RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:736-741. [PMID: 37799580 PMCID: PMC10549241 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00076a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is 40 years since the publication of the patent that announced the imidazotetrazines temozolomide and mitozolomide to the world and 30 since the discovery that they function as prodrugs of alkyldiazonium reactive intermediates. Temozolomide combined with radiation is established as the first-line treatment for glioma but despite the attentions of the inventors and others, further examples of this intriguing ring system have yet to enter the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm F G Stevens
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Richard T Wheelhouse
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford BD7 1DP UK
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11
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Summers HS, Lewis W, Williams HEL, Bradshaw TD, Moody CJ, Stevens MFG. Discovery of new imidazotetrazinones with potential to overcome tumor resistance. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115507. [PMID: 37262998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We describe the design, organic synthesis, and characterization, including X-ray crystallography, of a series of novel analogues of the clinically used antitumor agent temozolomide, together with their in vitro biological evaluation. The work has resulted in the discovery of a new series of anticancer imidazotetrazines that offer the potential to overcome the resistance mounted by tumors against temozolomide. The rationally designed compounds that incorporate a propargyl alkylating moiety and a thiazole ring as isosteric replacement for a carboxamide, are readily synthesized (gram-scale), exhibit defined solid-state structures, and enhanced growth-inhibitory activity against human tumor cell lines, including MGMT-expressing and MMR-deficient lines, molecular features that confer tumor resistance. The cell proliferation data were confirmed by clonogenic cell survival assays, and DNA flow cytometry analysis was undertaken to determine the effects of new analogues on cell cycle progression. Detailed 1H NMR spectroscopic studies showed that the new agents are stable in solution, and confirmed their mechanism of action. The propargyl and thiazole substituents significantly improve potency and physicochemical, drug metabolism and permeability properties, suggesting that the thiazole 13 should be prioritized for further preclinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen S Summers
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Huw E L Williams
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Tracey D Bradshaw
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Christopher J Moody
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Malcolm F G Stevens
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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12
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Rezaee A, Tehrany PM, Tirabadi FJ, Sanadgol N, Karimi AS, Ajdari A, Eydivandi S, Etemad S, Rajabi R, Rahmanian P, Khorrami R, Nabavi N, Aref AR, Fan X, Zou R, Rashidi M, Zandieh MA, Hushmandi K. Epigenetic regulation of temozolomide resistance in human cancers with an emphasis on brain tumors: Function of non-coding RNAs. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115187. [PMID: 37499452 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors, which are highly malignant, pose a significant threat to health and often result in substantial rates of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The brain cancer therapy has been challenging due to obstacles such as the BBB, which hinders effective delivery of therapeutic agents. Additionally, the emergence of drug resistance further complicates the management of brain tumors. TMZ is utilized in brain cancer removal, but resistance is a drawback. ncRNAs are implicated in various diseases, and their involvement in the cancer is particularly noteworthy. The focus of the current manuscript is to explore the involvement of ncRNAs in controlling drug resistance, specifically in the context of resistance to the chemotherapy drug TMZ. The review emphasizes the function of ncRNAs, particularly miRNAs, in modulating the growth and invasion of brain tumors, which significantly influences their response to TMZ treatment. Through their interactions with various molecular pathways, miRNAs are modulators of TMZ response. Similarly, lncRNAs also associate with molecular pathways and miRNAs, affecting the efficacy of TMZ chemotherapy. Given their functional properties, lncRNAs can either induce or suppress TMZ resistance in brain tumors. Furthermore, circRNAs, which are cancer controllers, regulate miRNAs by acting as sponges, thereby impacting the response to TMZ chemotherapy. The review explores the correlation between ncRNAs and TMZ chemotherapy, shedding light on the underlying molecular pathways involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryan Rezaee
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Farimah Jafari Tirabadi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Negin Sanadgol
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Asal Sadat Karimi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Atra Ajdari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Eydivandi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sara Etemad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Romina Rajabi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parham Rahmanian
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ramin Khorrami
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H3Z6, Canada.
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc. 6, Tide Street, Boston, MA 02210, USA.
| | - Xiaoping Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China; The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China.
| | - Rongjun Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China; The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China.
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Di Filippo LD, de Carvalho SG, Duarte JL, Luiz MT, Paes Dutra JA, de Paula GA, Chorilli M, Conde J. A receptor-mediated landscape of druggable and targeted nanomaterials for gliomas. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100671. [PMID: 37273792 PMCID: PMC10238751 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common type of brain cancer, and among them, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent (about 60% of cases) and the most aggressive type of primary brain tumor. The treatment of GBM is a major challenge due to the pathophysiological characteristics of the disease, such as the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents and regulates the passage of substances from the bloodstream to the brain parenchyma, making many of the chemotherapeutics currently available not able to reach the brain in therapeutic concentrations, accumulating in non-target organs, and causing considerable adverse effects for the patient. In this scenario, nanocarriers emerge as tools capable of improving the brain bioavailability of chemotherapeutics, in addition to improving their biodistribution and enhancing their uptake in GBM cells. This is possible due to its nanometric size and surface modification strategies, which can actively target nanocarriers to elements overexpressed by GBM cells (such as transmembrane receptors) related to aggressive development, drug resistance, and poor prognosis. In this review, an overview of the most frequently overexpressed receptors in GBM cells and possible approaches to chemotherapeutic delivery and active targeting using nanocarriers will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonatas Lobato Duarte
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela Tavares Luiz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Geanne Aparecida de Paula
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Conde
- ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Ghazarian S, Kalantar Z, Majid Hashemianzadeh S. An exploration of efficiency of proposed drug delivery system including BNNT, C48N12, and TMZ in treating of glioblastoma through classical molecular dynamics. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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15
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The effect of Azo-dyes on glioblastoma cells in vitro. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103599. [PMID: 36874201 PMCID: PMC9975690 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the multidisciplinary standard treatment of glioblastoma (GB) consisting of maximal surgical resection, followed by radiotherapy (RT) plus concomitant chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), the majority of patients experience tumor progression and almost universal mortality. In recent years, efforts have been made to create new agents for GB treatment, of which azo-dyes proved to be potential candidates, showing antiproliferative effects by inducing apoptosis and by inhibiting different signaling pathways. In this study we evaluated the antiproliferative the effect of six azo-dyes and TMZ on a low passage human GB cell line using MTT assay. We found that all compounds proved antiproliferative properties on GB cells. At equimolar concentrations azo-dyes induced more cytotoxic effect than TMZ. We found that Methyl Orange required the lowest IC50 for 3 days of treatment (26.4684 μM), whilst for 7 days of treatment, two azo dyes proved to have the highest potency: Methyl Orange IC50 = 13.8808 μM and Sudan I IC50 = 12.4829 μM. The highest IC50 was determined for TMZ under both experimental situations. Conclusions: Our research represents a novelty, by offering unique valuable data regarding the azo-dye cyototoxic effects in high grade brain tumors. This study may focus the attention on azo-dye agents that may represent an insufficient exploited source of agents for cancer treatment.
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16
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Exploring the Use of Cold Atmospheric Plasma to Overcome Drug Resistance in Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010208. [PMID: 36672716 PMCID: PMC9855365 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major problem in cancer treatment, as it limits the effectiveness of pharmacological agents and can lead to disease progression. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a technology that uses ionized gas (plasma) to generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) that can kill cancer cells. CAP is a novel approach for overcoming drug resistance in cancer. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using CAP to enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms behind this phenomenon and explore its potential applications in cancer treatment. Going through the existing literature on CAP and drug resistance in cancer, we highlight the challenges and opportunities for further research in this field. Our review suggests that CAP could be a promising option for overcoming drug resistance in cancer and warrants further investigation.
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17
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Lopez-Mendez TB, Strippoli R, Trionfetti F, Calvo P, Cordani M, Gonzalez-Valdivieso J. Clinical Trials Involving Chemotherapy-Based Nanocarriers in Cancer Therapy: State of the Art and Future Directions. Cancer Nanotechnol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-17831-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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18
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Netto JB, Melo ESA, Oliveira AGS, Sousa LR, Santiago LR, Santos DM, Chagas RCR, Gonçalves AS, Thomé RG, Santos HB, Reis RM, Ribeiro RIMA. Matteucinol combined with temozolomide inhibits glioblastoma proliferation, invasion, and progression: an in vitro, in silico, and in vivo study. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e12076. [PMID: 36000612 PMCID: PMC9394692 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2022e12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most prevalent and malignant brain tumor identified in adults. Surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, mainly with temozolomide (TMZ), is the chosen treatment for this type of tumor. However, the average survival of patients is around 15 months. Novel approaches to glioblastoma treatment are greatly needed. Here, we aimed to investigate the anti-glioblastoma effect of the combination of matteucinol (Mat) (dihydroxyflavanone derived from Miconia chamissois Naudin) with the chemotherapeutic TMZ in vitro using tumor (U-251MG) and normal astrocyte (NHA) cell lines and in vivo using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The combination was cytotoxic and selective for tumor cells (28 μg/mL Mat and 9.71 μg/mL TMZ). Additionally, the combination did not alter cell adhesion but caused morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis in vitro. Notably, the combination was also able to reduce tumor growth in the chick embryo model (CAM assay). The docking results showed that Mat was the best ligand to the cell death membrane receptor TNFR1 and to TNFR1/TMZ complex, suggesting that these two molecules may be working together increasing their potential. In conclusion, Mat-TMZ can be a good candidate for pharmacokinetic studies in view of clinical use for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Netto
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brasil
| | - E S A Melo
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brasil
| | | | - L R Sousa
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brasil
| | - L R Santiago
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brasil
| | - D M Santos
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brasil
| | - R C R Chagas
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brasil
| | - A S Gonçalves
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo, Vila Velha, ES, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Goiabeiras, ES, Brasil
| | - R G Thomé
- Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brasil
| | - H B Santos
- Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brasil
| | - R M Reis
- Centro de Pesquisa em Oncologia Molecular, Hospital do Câncer de Barretos, Barretos, SP, Brasil.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - R I M A Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brasil
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Gao Z, Xu J, Fan Y, Qi Y, Wang S, Zhao S, Guo X, Xue H, Deng L, Zhao R, Sun C, Zhang P, Li G. PDIA3P1 promotes Temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma by inhibiting C/EBPβ degradation to facilitate proneural-to-mesenchymal transition. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:223. [PMID: 35836243 PMCID: PMC9284800 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) is a major obstacle to preventing glioblastoma (GBM) recurrence after surgery. Although long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a variety of roles in GBM, the lncRNAs that regulate TMZ resistance have not yet been clearly elucidated. This study aims to identify lncRNAs that may affect TMZ treatment sensitivity and to explore novel therapeutic strategies to overcome TMZ resistance in GBM. Methods LncRNAs associated with TMZ resistance were identified using the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) datasets. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT–PCR) was used to determine the expression of PDIA3P1 in TMZ-resistant and TMZ-sensitive GBM cell lines. Both gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies were used to assess the effects of PDIA3P1 on TMZ resistance using in vitro and in vivo assays. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) were used to determine the effect of PDIA3P1 on the GBM subtype. The hypothesis that PDIA3P1 promotes proneural-to-mesenchymal transition (PMT) was established using bioinformatics analysis and functional experiments. RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were performed to examine the interaction between PDIA3P1 and C/EBPβ. The posttranslational modification mechanism of C/EBPβ was verified using ubiquitination and coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) experiments. CompuSyn was leveraged to calculate the combination index (CI), and the antitumor effect of TMZ combined with nefllamapimod (NEF) was validated both in vitro and in vivo. Results We identified a lncRNA, PDIA3P1, which was upregulated in TMZ-resistant GBM cell lines. Overexpression of PDIA3P1 promoted the acquisition of TMZ resistance, whereas knockdown of PDIA3P1 restored TMZ sensitivity. PDIA3P1 was upregulated in MES-GBM, promoted PMT progression in GSCs, and caused GBMs to be more resistant to TMZ treatment. Mechanistically, PDIA3P1 disrupted the C/EBPβ-MDM2 complex and stabilized the C/EBPβ protein by preventing MDM2-mediated ubiquitination. Expression of PDIA3P1 was upregulated in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in response to TMZ treatment, and TMZ-induced upregulation of PDIA3P1 was mediated by the p38α-MAPK signaling pathway. NEF is a small molecule drug that specifically targets p38α with excellent blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability. NEF blocked TMZ-responsive PDIA3P1 upregulation and produced synergistic effects when combined with TMZ at specific concentrations. The combination of TMZ and NEF exhibited excellent synergistic antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion PDIA3P1 promotes PMT by stabilizing C/EBPβ, reducing the sensitivity of GBM cells to TMZ treatment. NEF inhibits TMZ-responsive PDIA3P1 upregulation, and NEF combined with TMZ provides better antitumor effects. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02431-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jianye Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yanhua Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shaobo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shulin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Rongrong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chong Sun
- Immune Regulation in Cancer, Germany Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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20
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Bisht P, Kumar VU, Pandey R, Velayutham R, Kumar N. Role of PARP Inhibitors in Glioblastoma and Perceiving Challenges as Well as Strategies for Successful Clinical Development. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:939570. [PMID: 35873570 PMCID: PMC9297740 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.939570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform is the most aggressive primary type of brain tumor, representing 54% of all gliomas. The average life span for glioblastoma multiform is around 14-15 months instead of treatment. The current treatment for glioblastoma multiform includes surgical removal of the tumor followed by radiation therapy and temozolomide chemotherapy for 6.5 months, followed by another 6 months of maintenance therapy with temozolomide chemotherapy (5 days every month). However, resistance to temozolomide is frequently one of the limiting factors in effective treatment. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have recently been investigated as sensitizing drugs to enhance temozolomide potency. However, clinical use of PARP inhibitors in glioblastoma multiform is difficult due to a number of factors such as limited blood-brain barrier penetration of PARP inhibitors, inducing resistance due to frequent use of PARP inhibitors, and overlapping hematologic toxicities of PARP inhibitors when co-administered with glioblastoma multiform standard treatment (radiation therapy and temozolomide). This review elucidates the role of PARP inhibitors in temozolomide resistance, multiple factors that make development of these PARP inhibitor drugs challenging, and the strategies such as the development of targeted drug therapies and combination therapy to combat the resistance of PARP inhibitors that can be adopted to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Bisht
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Hajipur), Hajipur, India
| | - V. Udaya Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Hajipur), Hajipur, India
| | - Ruchi Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Hajipur), Hajipur, India
| | - Ravichandiran Velayutham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Hajipur), Hajipur, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Hajipur), Hajipur, India
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21
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Dutra JAP, Luiz MT, Tavares Junior AG, Di Filippo LD, Carvalho SG, Chorilli M. Temozolomide: an Overview of Biological Properties, Drug Delivery Nanosystems, and Analytical Methods. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:2073-2088. [PMID: 35658888 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220603152918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is an imidazotetrazine prodrug used to treat glioblastoma multiforme. Its physicochemical prop-erties and small size confer the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. The antitumor activity depends on pH-dependent hydrolysis of the methyldiazonium cation, which is capable of methylating purine bases (O6-guanine; N7-guanine, and N3-adenine) and causing DNA damage and cell death. TMZ is more stable in acidic media (pH ≤ 5.0) than in basic media (pH ≥ 7.0) due to the protonated form that minimizes the catalytic process. Because of this, TMZ has high oral bioavailability, but it has a half-life of 1.8 h and low brain distribution (17.8%), requiring a repeated dos-ing regimen that limits its efficacy and increases adverse events. Drug delivery Nanosystems (DDNs) improve the phys-icochemical properties of TMZ and may provide controlled and targeted delivery. Therefore, DDNs can increase the efficacy and safety of TMZ. In this context, to ensure the efficiency of DDNs, analytical methods are used to evaluate TMZ pharmacokinetic parameters, encapsulation efficiency, and the release profile of DDNs. Among the methods, high-performance liquid chromatography is the most used due to its detection sensitivity in complex matrices such as tissues and plasma. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography features fast analysis and no sample pretreatment. Spec-trophotometric methods are still used to determine encapsulation efficiency due to their low cost, despite their low sen-sitivity. This review summarizes the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of free TMZ and TMZ-loaded DDNs. In addition, this review addresses the main analytical methods employed to characterize TMZ in different ma-trices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcela Tavares Luiz
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Bra-zil
| | | | | | - Suzana Gonçalves Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Bolla G, Sarma B, Nangia AK. Crystal Engineering of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals in the Discovery and Development of Improved Drugs. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11514-11603. [PMID: 35642550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The subject of crystal engineering started in the 1970s with the study of topochemical reactions in the solid state. A broad chemical definition of crystal engineering was published in 1989, and the supramolecular synthon concept was proposed in 1995 followed by heterosynthons and their potential applications for the design of pharmaceutical cocrystals in 2004. This review traces the development of supramolecular synthons as robust and recurring hydrogen bond patterns for the design and construction of supramolecular architectures, notably, pharmaceutical cocrystals beginning in the early 2000s to the present time. The ability of a cocrystal between an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and a pharmaceutically acceptable coformer to systematically tune the physicochemical properties of a drug (i.e., solubility, permeability, hydration, color, compaction, tableting, bioavailability) without changing its molecular structure is the hallmark of the pharmaceutical cocrystals platform, as a bridge between drug discovery and pharmaceutical development. With the design of cocrystals via heterosynthons and prototype case studies to improve drug solubility in place (2000-2015), the period between 2015 to the present time has witnessed the launch of several salt-cocrystal drugs with improved efficacy and high bioavailability. This review on the design, synthesis, and applications of pharmaceutical cocrystals to afford improved drug products and drug substances will interest researchers in crystal engineering, supramolecular chemistry, medicinal chemistry, process development, and pharmaceutical and materials sciences. The scale-up of drug cocrystals and salts using continuous manufacturing technologies provides high-value pharmaceuticals with economic and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Bolla
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Building 43, Room 201, Sderot Ben-Gurion 1, Be'er Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Bipul Sarma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India
| | - Ashwini K Nangia
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
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23
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Vilar JB, Christmann M, Tomicic MT. Alterations in Molecular Profiles Affecting Glioblastoma Resistance to Radiochemotherapy: Where Does the Good Go? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102416. [PMID: 35626024 PMCID: PMC9139489 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma is a type of brain cancer that remains incurable. Despite multiple past and ongoing preclinical studies and clinical trials, involving adjuvants to the conventional therapy and based on molecular targeting, no relevant benefit for patients’ survival has been achieved so far. The current first-line treatment regimen is based on ionizing radiation and the monoalkylating compound, temozolomide, and has been administered for more than 15 years. Glioblastoma is extremely resistant to most agents due to a mutational background that elicits quick response to insults and adapts to microenvironmental and metabolic changes. Here, we present the most recent evidence concerning the molecular features and their alterations governing pathways involved in GBM response to the standard radio-chemotherapy and discuss how they collaborate with acquired GBM’s resistance. Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a brain tumor characterized by high heterogeneity, diffuse infiltration, aggressiveness, and formation of recurrences. Patients with this kind of tumor suffer from cognitive, emotional, and behavioral problems, beyond exhibiting dismal survival rates. Current treatment comprises surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy with the methylating agent, temozolomide (TMZ). GBMs harbor intrinsic mutations involving major pathways that elicit the cells to evade cell death, adapt to the genotoxic stress, and regrow. Ionizing radiation and TMZ induce, for the most part, DNA damage repair, autophagy, stemness, and senescence, whereas only a small fraction of GBM cells undergoes treatment-induced apoptosis. Particularly upon TMZ exposure, most of the GBM cells undergo cellular senescence. Increased DNA repair attenuates the agent-induced cytotoxicity; autophagy functions as a pro-survival mechanism, protecting the cells from damage and facilitating the cells to have energy to grow. Stemness grants the cells capacity to repopulate the tumor, and senescence triggers an inflammatory microenvironment favorable to transformation. Here, we highlight this mutational background and its interference with the response to the standard radiochemotherapy. We discuss the most relevant and recent evidence obtained from the studies revealing the molecular mechanisms that lead these cells to be resistant and indicate some future perspectives on combating this incurable tumor.
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24
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Migliore R, D’Antona N, Sgarlata C, Consoli GML. Co-Loading of Temozolomide and Curcumin into a Calix[4]arene-Based Nanocontainer for Potential Combined Chemotherapy: Binding Features, Enhanced Drug Solubility and Stability in Aqueous Medium. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2930. [PMID: 34835694 PMCID: PMC8623626 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The co-delivery of anticancer drugs into tumor cells by a nanocarrier may provide a new paradigm in chemotherapy. Temozolomide and curcumin are anticancer drugs with a synergistic effect in the treatment of multiform glioblastoma. In this study, the entrapment and co-entrapment of temozolomide and curcumin in a p-sulfonato-calix[4]arene nanoparticle was investigated by NMR spectroscopy, UV-vis spectrophotometry, isothermal titration calorimetry, and dynamic light scattering. Critical micellar concentration, nanoparticle size, zeta potential, drug loading percentage, and thermodynamic parameters were all consistent with a drug delivery system. Our data showed that temozolomide is hosted in the cavity of the calix[4]arene building blocks while curcumin is entrapped within the nanoparticle. Isothermal titration calorimetry evidenced that drug complexation and entrapment are entropy driven processes. The loading in the calixarene-based nanocontainer enhanced the solubility and half-life of both drugs, whose medicinal efficacy is affected by low solubility and rapid degradation. The calixarene-based nanocontainer appears to be a promising new candidate for nanocarrier-based drug combination therapy for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Migliore
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (R.M.); (N.D.)
| | - Nicola D’Antona
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (R.M.); (N.D.)
| | - Carmelo Sgarlata
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia M. L. Consoli
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (R.M.); (N.D.)
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25
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Park AK, Waheed A, Forst DA, Al-Samkari H. Characterization and Prognosis of Temozolomide-Induced Aplastic Anemia in Patients with Central Nervous System Malignancies. Neuro Oncol 2021; 24:964-973. [PMID: 34647594 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temozolomide-induced aplastic anemia (TIAA) is a rare but highly challenging complication of temozolomide (TMZ) therapy. Evidence describing prognosis, clinical characteristics, and treatment of this entity is very limited. METHODS We performed a multicenter, 22-year observational cohort study of patients with central nervous system (CNS) malignancies treated with temozolomide who developed TIAA, retrospectively analyzing prognosis, complications, and recovery. TIAA was defined using adapted evidence-based severe aplastic anemia criteria incorporating profound cytopenias and a minimum duration (4 weeks) without hematologic recovery. RESULTS Of 3,821 patients with CNS malignancies receiving TMZ, 34 patients (0.89%) met criteria for TIAA. Onset was rapid, with 29 patients (85.3%) developing TIAA before completing a second TMZ cycle. 23 patients (67.6%) ultimately achieved a hematologic recovery. Patients without recovery were more likely to develop febrile neutropenia (72.7% vs. 30.4%, P=0.03), infectious complications (45.5% vs. 8.7%, P=0.02), require hospitalization (81.8% vs. 43.5%, P=0.04), and die (100.0% vs. 60.9%, P=0.02). Median overall survival from TIAA diagnosis was 752 days in patients achieving a partial hematologic recovery versus 28 days in those who did not (P<0.0001). 29 patients (85.3%) received one or more hematopoietic growth factors; hematologic recovery rates were higher in patients receiving thrombopoietin receptor agonists (81.8% vs. 60.9%) but were not higher in patients receiving granulocyte colony stimulating factors. CONCLUSIONS TIAA occurs in <1% of patients receiving TMZ for CNS malignancies, but is highly morbid when it occurs and frequently fatal in the one-third of patients not achieving hematologic recovery. Thrombopoietin receptor agonists may improve the likelihood of a hematologic recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert K Park
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anem Waheed
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Hematology Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Deborah A Forst
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Hanny Al-Samkari
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Hematology Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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26
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Fuchs RP, Isogawa A, Paulo JA, Onizuka K, Takahashi T, Amunugama R, Duxin JP, Fujii S. Crosstalk between repair pathways elicits double-strand breaks in alkylated DNA and implications for the action of temozolomide. eLife 2021; 10:69544. [PMID: 34236314 PMCID: PMC8289412 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ), a DNA methylating agent, is the primary chemotherapeutic drug used in glioblastoma treatment. TMZ induces mostly N-alkylation adducts (N7-methylguanine and N3-methyladenine) and some O6-methylguanine (O6mG) adducts. Current models propose that during DNA replication, thymine is incorporated across from O6mG, promoting a futile cycle of mismatch repair (MMR) that leads to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). To revisit the mechanism of O6mG processing, we reacted plasmid DNA with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), a temozolomide mimic, and incubated it in Xenopus egg-derived extracts. We have shown that in this system, MMR proteins are enriched on MNU-treated DNA and we observed robust, MMR-dependent, repair synthesis. Our evidence also suggests that MMR, initiated at O6mG:C sites, is strongly stimulated in cis by repair processing of other lesions, such as N-alkylation adducts. Importantly, MNU-treated plasmids display DSBs in extracts, the frequency of which increases linearly with the square of alkylation dose. We suggest that DSBs result from two independent repair processes, one involving MMR at O6mG:C sites and the other involving base excision repair acting at a nearby N-alkylation adduct. We propose a new, replication-independent mechanism of action of TMZ, which operates in addition to the well-studied cell cycle-dependent mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Fuchs
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Asako Isogawa
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, UMR7258, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Kazumitsu Onizuka
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Ravindra Amunugama
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Julien P Duxin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Shingo Fujii
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, UMR7258, CNRS, Marseille, France
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Synthesis, Spectroscopic, and Theoretical Study of Copper and Cobalt Complexes with Dacarbazine. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123274. [PMID: 34199318 PMCID: PMC8231934 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dacarbazine (DAC) 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazenyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide is an imidazole-carboxamide derivative that is structurally related to purines. DAC belongs to the triazene compounds, which are a group of alkylating agents with antitumor and mutagenic properties. DAC is a non-cell cycle specific drug, active in all phases of the cellular cycle. In the frame of this work the 3d metal complexes (cobalt and copper) with dacarbazine were synthesized. Their spectroscopic properties by the use of FT-IR, FT-Raman, and 1HNMR were studied. The structures of dacarbazine and its complexes with copper(II) and cobalt(II) were calculated using DFT methods. The effect of metals on the electronic charge distribution of dacarbazine was discussed on the basis of calculated NBO atomic charges. The reactivity of metal complexes in relation to ligand alone was estimated on the basis of calculated energy of HOMO and LUMO orbitals. The aromaticity of the imidazole ring in dacarbazine and the complexes were compared (on the basis of calculated geometric indices of aromaticity). Thermal stability of the investigated 3d-metal complexes with dacarbazine and the products of their thermal decomposition were analyzed.
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28
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Jeon J, Lee S, Kim H, Kang H, Youn H, Jo S, Youn B, Kim HY. Revisiting Platinum-Based Anticancer Drugs to Overcome Gliomas. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105111. [PMID: 34065991 PMCID: PMC8151298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are many patients with brain tumors worldwide, there are numerous difficulties in overcoming brain tumors. Among brain tumors, glioblastoma, with a 5-year survival rate of 5.1%, is the most malignant. In addition to surgical operations, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are generally performed, but the patients have very limited options. Temozolomide is the most commonly prescribed drug for patients with glioblastoma. However, it is difficult to completely remove the tumor with this drug alone. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the potential of anticancer drugs, other than temozolomide, against glioblastomas. Since the discovery of cisplatin, platinum-based drugs have become one of the leading chemotherapeutic drugs. Although many studies have reported the efficacy of platinum-based anticancer drugs against various carcinomas, studies on their effectiveness against brain tumors are insufficient. In this review, we elucidated the anticancer effects and advantages of platinum-based drugs used in brain tumors. In addition, the cases and limitations of the clinical application of platinum-based drugs are summarized. As a solution to overcome these obstacles, we emphasized the potential of a novel approach to increase the effectiveness of platinum-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewan Jeon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan 48108, Korea; (J.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Hyunkoo Kang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.K.); (H.K.)
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea;
| | - Sunmi Jo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan 48108, Korea; (J.J.); (S.J.)
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.K.); (H.K.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.Y.); (H.Y.K.); Tel.: +82-51-510-2264 (B.Y.); +82-51-797-3923 (H.Y.K.)
| | - Hae Yu Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan 48108, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.Y.); (H.Y.K.); Tel.: +82-51-510-2264 (B.Y.); +82-51-797-3923 (H.Y.K.)
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Small Molecules of Marine Origin as Potential Anti-Glioma Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092707. [PMID: 34063013 PMCID: PMC8124757 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine organisms are able to produce a plethora of small molecules with novel chemical structures and potent biological properties, being a fertile source for discovery of pharmacologically active compounds, already with several marine-derived agents approved as drugs. Glioma is classified by the WHO as the most common and aggressive form of tumor on CNS. Currently, Temozolomide is the only chemotherapeutic option approved by the FDA even though having some limitations. This review presents, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of marine compounds described as anti-glioma agents in the last decade. Nearly fifty compounds were compiled in this document and organized accordingly to their marine sources. Highlights on the mechanism of action and ADME properties were included. Some of these marine compounds could be promising leads for the discovery of new therapeutic alternatives for glioma treatment.
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Giotta Lucifero A, Luzzi S. Against the Resilience of High-Grade Gliomas: The Immunotherapeutic Approach (Part I). Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11030386. [PMID: 33803885 PMCID: PMC8003180 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The resilience of high-grade gliomas (HGGs) against conventional chemotherapies is due to their heterogeneous genetic landscape, adaptive phenotypic changes, and immune escape mechanisms. Innovative immunotherapies have been developed to counteract the immunosuppressive capability of gliomas. Nevertheless, further research is needed to assess the efficacy of the immuno-based approach. The aim of this study is to review the newest immunotherapeutic approaches for glioma, focusing on the drug types, mechanisms of action, clinical pieces of evidence, and future challenges. A PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis)-based literature search was performed on PubMed/Medline and ClinicalTrials.gov databases using the keywords “active/adoptive immunotherapy,” “monoclonal antibodies,” “vaccine,” and “engineered T cell.”, combined with “malignant brain tumor”, “high-grade glioma.” Only articles written in English published in the last 10 years were selected, filtered based on best relevance. Active immunotherapies include systemic temozolomide, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines. In several preclinical and clinical trials, adoptive immunotherapies, including T, natural killer, and natural killer T engineered cells, have been shown to be potential treatment options for relapsing gliomas. Systemic temozolomide is considered the backbone for newly diagnosed HGGs. Bevacizumab and rindopepimut are promising second-line treatments. Adoptive immunotherapies have been proven for relapsing tumors, but further evidence is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Giotta Lucifero
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Sabino Luzzi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Minea RO, Duc TC, Swenson SD, Cho HY, Huang M, Hartman H, Hofman FM, Schönthal AH, Chen TC. Developing a clinically relevant radiosensitizer for temozolomide-resistant gliomas. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238238. [PMID: 32881880 PMCID: PMC7470340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for patients with glioblastoma (GB) remains grim. Concurrent temozolomide (TMZ) radiation—the cornerstone of glioma control—extends the overall median survival of GB patients by only a few months over radiotherapy alone. While these survival gains could be partly attributed to radiosensitization, this benefit is greatly minimized in tumors expressing O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), which specifically reverses O6-methylguanine lesions. Theoretically, non-O6-methylguanine lesions (i.e., the N-methylpurine adducts), which represent up to 90% of TMZ-generated DNA adducts, could also contribute to radiosensitization. Unfortunately, at concentrations attainable in clinical practice, the alkylation capacity of TMZ cannot overwhelm the repair of N-methylpurine adducts to efficiently exploit these lesions. The current therapeutic application of TMZ therefore faces two main obstacles: (i) the stochastic presence of MGMT and (ii) a blunted radiosensitization potential at physiologic concentrations. To circumvent these limitations, we are developing a novel molecule called NEO212—a derivatization of TMZ generated by coupling TMZ to perillyl alcohol. Based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses, we determined that NEO212 had greater tumor cell uptake than TMZ. In mouse models, NEO212 was more efficient than TMZ at crossing the blood-brain barrier, preferentially accumulating in tumoral over normal brain tissue. Moreover, in vitro analyses with GB cell lines, including TMZ-resistant isogenic variants, revealed more potent cytotoxic and radiosensitizing activities for NEO212 at physiologic concentrations. Mechanistically, these advantages of NEO212 over TMZ could be attributed to its enhanced tumor uptake presumably leading to more extensive DNA alkylation at equivalent dosages which, ultimately, allows for N-methylpurine lesions to be better exploited for radiosensitization. This effect cannot be achieved with TMZ at clinically relevant concentrations and is independent of MGMT. Our findings establish NEO212 as a superior radiosensitizer and a potentially better alternative to TMZ for newly diagnosed GB patients, irrespective of their MGMT status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu O. Minea
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine (KSOM), University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California (CA), United States of America
| | - Tuan Cao Duc
- Haiphong University School of Pharmacy, Haiphong, Vietnam
| | - Stephen D. Swenson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine (KSOM), University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California (CA), United States of America
| | - Hee-Yeon Cho
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine (KSOM), University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California (CA), United States of America
| | - Mickey Huang
- Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Hannah Hartman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Florence M. Hofman
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Axel H. Schönthal
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Thomas C. Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine (KSOM), University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California (CA), United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kumar N, Lal N, Nemaysh V, Luthra PM. Design, synthesis, DNA binding studies and evaluation of anticancer potential of novel substituted biscarbazole derivatives against human glioma U87 MG cell line. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Chang DY, Jung JH, Kim AA, Marasini S, Lee YJ, Paek SH, Kim SS, Suh-Kim H. Combined effects of mesenchymal stem cells carrying cytosine deaminase gene with 5-fluorocytosine and temozolomide in orthotopic glioma model. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:1429-1441. [PMID: 32509389 PMCID: PMC7269785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, and current standard therapy provides modest improvements in progression-free and overall survival of patients. Innate tumor resistance and presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) require the development of multi-modal therapeutic regimens. Previously, cytosine deaminase (CD)-expressing mesenchymal stem cells (MSC/CD) were found to exhibit anticancer activity with a wide therapeutic index by converting 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), a nontoxic prodrug into 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a potent anticancer drug. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of MSC/CD in a multi-modal combination regimen with temozolomide (TMZ). Cell viability test, cell cycle, and normalized isobologram analyses were performed. In vivo anticancer effects were tested in a mouse orthotopic glioma model. TMZ and MSC/CD with 5-FC synergistically interacted and suppressed U87 glioma cell line growth in vitro. Combined treatment with TMZ and 5-FU increased cell cycle arrest and DNA breakage. In an orthotopic xenograft mouse model, treatment with TMZ alone suppressed tumor growth; however, this effect was more intense with MSC/CD transplantation followed by the sequential treatment with 5-FC and TMZ. Therefore, we propose that sequential treatment with 5-FC and MSC/CD can be used in patients with GBM during the immediate postoperative period to sensitize tumors to subsequent adjuvant chemo- and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Young Chang
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of MedicineSuwon, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hwa Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwon, South Korea
| | - Andrew Aujin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest UniversityWinston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Subash Marasini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwon, South Korea
| | - Young Jun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwon, South Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of MedicineSuwon, South Korea
| | - Haeyoung Suh-Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Ajou University School of MedicineSuwon, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwon, South Korea
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Interaction Between Near-Infrared Radiation and Temozolomide in a Glioblastoma Multiform Cell Line: A Treatment Strategy? Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:91-104. [PMID: 32236902 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a potential therapeutic modality against cancer, resulting from the interaction of a photosensitizer (PS) and radiation that generates damage to tumor cells. The use of near-infrared radiation (IR-A) is relevant because presents recognized biological effects, such as antioxidant, neuroprotective and antitumor effects. Glioblastoma is the most aggressive central nervous system (CNS) neoplasm with high proliferation and tissue invasion capacity and is resistant to radio and chemotherapy. Here, we evaluated in vitro the possible interaction of temozolomide (TMZ) with IR-A in a glioblastoma cell line (C6) and in a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCat) how non-tumor cell model, in an attempt to search for a new treatment strategy. The effects of TMZ, IR-A and the interaction between TMZ and IR-A was evaluated by viability exclusion with trypan blue. To perform the interaction experiments, we have chosen 10 μM TMZ and 4.5 J/cm2 of IR-A. From this, we evaluated cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, intracellular reactive oxygen species levels (ROS), as well as the process of cell migration and the P-gp and MRP-1 activity. Cell death mainly due to apoptosis, followed by necrosis, decreased cell proliferation, increased ROS levels, decreased cell migration and decreased P-gp and MRP1 activity were observed only when there was interaction between TMZ and IR-A in the C6 cell line. The interaction between TMZ and IR-A was not able to affect cell proliferation in the HaCat non-tumor cell line. Our results suggest that this interaction could be a promising approach and that in the future may serve as an antitumor strategy for PDT application.
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Choi J, Berdis A. An artificial nucleoside that simultaneously detects and combats drug resistance to doxorubicin. Eur J Haematol 2019; 104:97-109. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung‐Suk Choi
- Department of Chemistry Cleveland State University Cleveland OH
| | - Anthony Berdis
- Department of Chemistry Cleveland State University Cleveland OH
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease Cleveland State University Cleveland OH
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Stepanenko AA, Chekhonin VP. On the Critical Issues in Temozolomide Research in Glioblastoma: Clinically Relevant Concentrations and MGMT-independent Resistance. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7040092. [PMID: 31783653 PMCID: PMC6966644 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7040092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current standard first-line treatment for adult patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma includes concurrent radiotherapy and daily oral temozolomide (TMZ), followed by adjuvant TMZ. As a prodrug, TMZ undergoes spontaneous hydrolysis generating a methylating agent. O6-methylguanine is considered the most preponderant toxic damage mechanism at therapeutically relevant TMZ doses, whereas MGMT, which encodes the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase DNA repair enzyme, is the most relevant resistance mechanism. Speculations on clinically relevant TMZ concentrations, cytotoxic and cytostatic effects of TMZ, and resistance mechanisms exist in the literature. Here, we raise the following principal issues: What are the clinically relevant TMZ concentrations in glioma patients, and which TMZ-induced molecular lesion(s) and corresponding resistance mechanism(s) are important for TMZ therapeutic effects at clinically relevant concentrations? According to clinical data from patients with glioblastoma, the mean peak TMZ concentrations in the peritumoral tissue might be much lower (around 5 µM) than usually used in in vitro research, and may represent only 20% of systemic drug levels. According to in vitro reports, single-dose TMZ at concentrations around 5 µM have minimal, if any, effect on apoptosis and/or senescence of glioblastoma cell lines. However, the clinically relevant concentrations of TMZ are sufficient to radiosensitize both MGMT-positive and -negative cell lines in vitro. It is speculated that a single DNA repair protein, MGMT, is highly efficient in protecting cells against TMZ toxicity. However, an endogenous level of MGMT protein expression is not universally correlated with TMZ responsiveness, and MGMT-independent mechanisms of TMZ resistance exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei A. Stepanenko
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kropotkinsky Lane 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnologies, Medico-Biological Faculty, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ostrovitianov Str. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Vladimir P. Chekhonin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kropotkinsky Lane 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnologies, Medico-Biological Faculty, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ostrovitianov Str. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Hassan AY, Sarg MT, El‐Sebaey SA. Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of some new derivatives and fused heterocyclic compounds derived from thieno[2,3‐ b]pyridine. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Y. Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Girls)Al‐Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Marwa T. Sarg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls)Al‐Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Samiha A. El‐Sebaey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls)Al‐Azhar University Cairo Egypt
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Strobel H, Baisch T, Fitzel R, Schilberg K, Siegelin MD, Karpel-Massler G, Debatin KM, Westhoff MA. Temozolomide and Other Alkylating Agents in Glioblastoma Therapy. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7030069. [PMID: 31505812 PMCID: PMC6783999 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) together with maximal safe bulk resection and focal radiotherapy comprises the standard treatment for glioblastoma (GB), a particularly aggressive and lethal primary brain tumor. GB affects 3.2 in 100,000 people who have an average survival time of around 14 months after presentation. Several key aspects make GB a difficult to treat disease, primarily including the high resistance of tumor cells to cell death-inducing substances or radiation and the combination of the highly invasive nature of the malignancy, i.e., treatment must affect the whole brain, and the protection from drugs of the tumor bulk—or at least of the invading cells—by the blood brain barrier (BBB). TMZ crosses the BBB, but—unlike classic chemotherapeutics—does not induce DNA damage or misalignment of segregating chromosomes directly. It has been described as a DNA alkylating agent, which leads to base mismatches that initiate futile DNA repair cycles; eventually, DNA strand breaks, which in turn induces cell death. However, while much is assumed about the function of TMZ and its mode of action, primary data are actually scarce and often contradictory. To improve GB treatment further, we need to fully understand what TMZ does to the tumor cells and their microenvironment. This is of particular importance, as novel therapeutic approaches are almost always clinically assessed in the presence of standard treatment, i.e., in the presence of TMZ. Therefore, potential pharmacological interactions between TMZ and novel drugs might occur with unforeseeable consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Strobel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Tim Baisch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Rahel Fitzel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany.
| | | | - Markus D Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Georg Karpel-Massler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, D-89075 Ulm, Germany.
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Huang BR, Tsai CH, Chen CC, Way TD, Kao JY, Liu YS, Lin HY, Lai SW, Lu DY. Curcumin Promotes Connexin 43 Degradation and Temozolomide-Induced Apoptosis in Glioblastoma Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:657-674. [PMID: 30974966 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most commonly occurring tumor in the cerebral hemispheres. Currently, temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating agent that induces DNA strand breaks, is considered the frontline chemotherapeutic agent for GBM. Despite its frontline status, GBM patients commonly exhibit resistance to TMZ treatment. We have recently established and characterized TMZ-resistant human glioma cells. The aim of this study is to investigate whether curcumin modulates cell apoptosis through the alternation of the connexin 43 (Cx43) protein level in TMZ-resistant GBM. Overexpression of Cx43, but not ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters), was observed (approximately 2.2-fold) in TMZ-resistant GBM cells compared to the Cx43 levels in parental GBM cells. Furthermore, at a concentration of 10 μ M, curcumin significantly reduced Cx43 protein expression by about 40%. In addition, curcumin did not affect the expression of other connexins like Cx26 or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) proteins such as β -catenin or α E-catenin. Curcumin treatment led to an increase in TMZ-induced cell apoptosis from 4% to 8%. Importantly, it did not affect the mRNA expression level of Cx43. Concomitant treatment with the translation inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX) exerted additional effects on Cx43 degradation. Treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA (methyladenine) did not affect the curcumin-induced Cx43 degradation. Interestingly, treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 (carbobenzoxy-Leu-Leu-leucinal) significantly negated the curcumin-induced Cx43 degradation, which suggests that curcumin-induced Cx43 degradation occurs through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Ren Huang
- * Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,¶ Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan.,∥ School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chon-Haw Tsai
- ** Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chuan Chen
- †† Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Der Way
- † Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yie Kao
- †† Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- ‡ Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- ‡ Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Lai
- § Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- ‡ Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,‡‡ Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Braga C, Vaz AR, Oliveira MC, Matilde Marques M, Moreira R, Brites D, Perry MJ. Targeting gliomas with triazene-based hybrids: Structure-activity relationship, mechanistic study and stability. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 172:16-25. [PMID: 30939350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report novel hybrid compounds based on valproic acid and DNA-alkylating triazene moieties, 1, with therapeutic potential for glioblastoma multiforme chemotherapy. We identified hybrid compounds 1d and 1e to be remarkably more potent against glioma and more efficient in decreasing invasive cell properties than temozolomide and endowed with chemical and plasma stability. In contrast to temozolomide, which undergoes hydrolysis to release an alkylating metabolite, the valproate hybrids showed a low potential to alkylate DNA. Key physicochemical properties align for optimal CNS penetration, highlighting the potential of these effective triazene based-hybrids for enhanced anticancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Braga
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana R Vaz
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Conceição Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Matilde Marques
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Moreira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Dora Brites
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria J Perry
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Rare Stochastic Expression of O6-Methylguanine- DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT) in MGMT-Negative Melanoma Cells Determines Immediate Emergence of Drug-Resistant Populations upon Treatment with Temozolomide In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10100362. [PMID: 30274152 PMCID: PMC6209933 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide (TMZ) kills tumor cells preferentially via alkylation of the O6-position of guanine. However, cells that express the DNA repair enzyme O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), or harbor deficient DNA mismatch repair (MMR) function, are profoundly resistant to this drug. TMZ is in clinical use for melanoma, but objective response rates are low, even when TMZ is combined with O6-benzylguanine (O6BG), a potent MGMT inhibitor. We used in vitro and in vivo models of melanoma to characterize the early events leading to cellular TMZ resistance. Melanoma cell lines were exposed to a single treatment with TMZ, at physiologically relevant concentrations, in the absence or presence of O6BG. Surviving clones and mass cultures were analyzed by Western blot, colony formation assays, and DNA methylation studies. Mice with melanoma xenografts received TMZ treatment, and tumor tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. We found that MGMT-negative melanoma cell cultures, before any drug treatment, already harbored a small fraction of MGMT-positive cells, which survived TMZ treatment and promptly became the dominant cell type within the surviving population. The MGMT-negative status in individual cells was not stable, as clonal selection of MGMT-negative cells again resulted in a mixed population harboring MGMT-positive, TMZ-resistant cells. Blocking the survival advantage of MGMT via the addition of O6BG still resulted in surviving clones, although at much lower frequency and independent of MGMT, and the resistance mechanism of these clones was based on a common lack of expression of MSH6, a key MMR enzyme. TMZ treatment of mice implanted with MGMT-negative melanoma cells resulted in effective tumor growth delay, but eventually tumor growth resumed, with tumor tissue having become MGMT positive. Altogether, these data reveal stochastic expression of MGMT as a pre-existing, key determinant of TMZ resistance in melanoma cell lines. Although MGMT activity can effectively be eliminated by pharmacologic intervention with O6BG, additional layers of TMZ resistance, although considerably rarer, are present as well and minimize the cytotoxic impact of TMZ/O6BG combination treatment. Our results provide rational explanations regarding clinical observations, where the TMZ/O6BG regimen has yielded mostly disappointing outcomes in melanoma patients.
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Ferreira J, Ramos AA, Almeida T, Azqueta A, Rocha E. Drug resistance in glioblastoma and cytotoxicity of seaweed compounds, alone and in combination with anticancer drugs: A mini review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 48:84-93. [PMID: 30195884 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastomas (GBM) are one of the most aggressive tumor of the central nervous system with an average life expectancy of only 1-2 years after diagnosis, even with the use of advanced treatments with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. There are several anticancer drugs with alkylating properties that have been used in the therapy of malignant gliomas. Temozolomide (TMZ) is one of them, widely used even in combination with ionizing radiation. However, the main disadvantage of using these types of drugs in the treatment of GBM is the development of cancer drug resistance. Research of bioactive compounds with anticancer activity has been heavily explored. PURPOSE This review focuses on a carotenoid and a phlorotannin present in seaweed, namely fucoxanthin and phloroglucinol, and their anticancer activity against glioblastoma. The combination of natural compounds with conventional drugs is also discussed. CONCLUSION Several natural compounds existing in seaweeds, such as fucoxanthin and phoroglucinol, have shown cytotoxic activity in models in vitro and in vivo, acting through different molecular mechanisms, such as antioxidant, antiproliferative, DNA damage/DNA repair, proapoptotic, antiangiogenic and antimetastic. Within the scope of interactions with conventional drugs, there are evidences that some seaweed compounds could be used to potentiate the action of anticancer drugs. However, their effects and mechanisms of action, alone or in combination with anticancer drugs, namely TMZ, in glioblastoma cell, still few explored and require more attention due to the unquestionable high potential of these marine compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ferreira
- Team of Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology, CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto - University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal; Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal; FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, U.Porto - University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Alice Abreu Ramos
- Team of Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology, CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto - University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal; Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - Tânia Almeida
- Team of Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology, CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto - University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal; Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal; FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, U.Porto - University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, CP 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Team of Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology, CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto - University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal; Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U.Porto - University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
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Cousin D, Hummersone MG, Bradshaw TD, Zhang J, Moody CJ, Foreiter MB, Summers HS, Lewis W, Wheelhouse RT, Stevens MFG. Synthesis and growth-inhibitory activities of imidazo[5,1- d]-1,2,3,5-tetrazine-8-carboxamides related to the anti-tumour drug temozolomide, with appended silicon, benzyl and heteromethyl groups at the 3-position. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:545-553. [PMID: 30108945 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00554g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of 3-(benzyl-substituted)-imidazo[5,1-d]-1,2,3,5-tetrazines (13) and related derivatives with 3-heteromethyl groups has been synthesised and screened for growth-inhibitory activity in vitro against two pairs of glioma cell lines with temozolomide-sensitive and -resistant phenotypes dependent on the absence/presence of the DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). In general the compounds had low inhibitory activity with GI50 values >50 μM against both sets of cell lines. Two silicon-containing derivatives, the TMS-methylimidazotetrazine (9) and the SEM-analogue (10), showed interesting differences: compound (9) had a profile very similar to that of temozolomide with the MGMT+ cell lines being 5 to 10-fold more resistant than MGMT- isogenic partners; the SEM-substituted compound (10) showed potency across all cell lines irrespective of their MGMT status.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cousin
- Pharminox Ltd , Biocity , Pennyfoot St. , Nottingham NG1 1GF , UK
| | | | | | - Jihong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy , University of Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK . ;
| | | | | | - Helen S Summers
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
| | - Richard T Wheelhouse
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics , School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences , University of Bradford , Bradford , BD7 1DP , UK
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Oronsky B, Ma PC, Morgensztern D, Carter CA. Nothing But NET: A Review of Neuroendocrine Tumors and Carcinomas. Neoplasia 2017; 19:991-1002. [PMID: 29091800 PMCID: PMC5678742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review covers the diverse topic of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), a relatively rare and heterogeneous tumor type, comprising ~2% of all malignancies, with a prevalence of <200,000 in the United States, which makes it an orphan disease (Basu et al., 2010).1 For functional purposes, NENs are divided into two groups on the basis of clinical behavior, histology, and proliferation rate: well differentiated (low grade to intermediate grade) neuroendocrine tumors and poorly differentiated (high grade) neuroendocrine carcinoma (Bosman et al., 2010)2; this histological categorization/dichotomization is highly clinically relevant with respect to impact on treatment and prognosis even though it is not absolute since a subset of tumors with a low-grade appearance behaves similarly to high-grade lesions. Given the relative dearth of evidenced-based literature about this orphan disease as a whole (Modlin et al., 2008),3 since the focus of most articles is on particular anatomic subtypes of NENs (i.e., gastroenteropancreatic or pulmonary), the purpose of this review is to summarize the presentation, pathophysiology, staging, current standard of care treatments, and active areas of current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Oronsky
- EpicentRx Inc, 4445 Eastgate Mall, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Patrick C Ma
- West Virginia University, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, 8901 Wisconsin Ave., PO Box 9162, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Daniel Morgensztern
- Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, 660 S. Euclid, Box 8056, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Corey A Carter
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Ave., Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
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Di Martino A, Pavelkova A, Maciulyte S, Budriene S, Sedlarik V. Polysaccharide-based nanocomplexes for co-encapsulation and controlled release of 5-Fluorouracil and Temozolomide. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 92:276-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Şanal T, Koçak İ, Hazer B. Synthesis of comb-type amphiphilic graft copolymers derived from chlorinated poly(ɛ-caprolactone) via click reaction. Polym Bull (Berl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-016-1757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is an oral alkylating agent used to treat glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and astrocytomas. However, at least 50% of TMZ treated patients do not respond to TMZ. This is due primarily to the over-expression of O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) and/or lack of a DNA repair pathway in GBM cells. Multiple GBM cell lines are known to contain TMZ resistant cells and several acquired TMZ resistant GBM cell lines have been developed for use in experiments designed to define the mechanism of TMZ resistance and the testing of potential therapeutics. However, the characteristics of intrinsic and adaptive TMZ resistant GBM cells have not been systemically compared. This article reviews the characteristics and mechanisms of TMZ resistance in natural and adapted TMZ resistant GBM cell lines. It also summarizes potential treatment options for TMZ resistant GBMs.
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Key Words
- AGT (also known as MGMT), O6-methylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase
- AP-1, activator protein 1
- APE1, apurinic/apyrimidine endonuclease/redox factor-1
- APNG, Alkylpurine-DNA-N-glycosylase
- Adaptive
- BBB, blood-brain-barrier
- BCRP1, breast cancer resistance protein 1
- BER, base excision repair
- BG, benzylguanine
- C8orf4, Chromosome 8 open reading frame 4
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ERK1/2, Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinases 1 and 2
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- GBM, glioblastoma multiforme or glioblastoma
- Glioblastoma
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- IFN-β, Interferon-β
- Intrinsic
- JNK, Jun N-terminal kinase
- KDM, Histone lysine demethylase
- LC50, 50% cell death concentration
- LIF, Leukemia inhibitory factor
- MGMT, O6-methylguanine methyltransferase
- MMR, DNA mismatch repair
- MSH6, mutS homolog 6
- MTIC, 5-(3-methyltriazen-1-yl) imidazole-4-carboxamide
- NAMPT, nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-Kappa B
- NHA, normal human astrocytes
- PARP, poly ADP ribose polymerase
- Resistance
- SAHA, N-hydroxy-N′-phenyl-octanediamide
- STAT3, Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3
- TMZ, Temozolomide
- TNFAIP3, Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 3
- Temodar
- Temozolomide
- VPA, Valproic acid
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Y Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Park M, Song C, Yoon H, Choi KH. Double Blockade of Glioma Cell Proliferation and Migration by Temozolomide Conjugated with NPPB, a Chloride Channel Blocker. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:275-85. [PMID: 26711895 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor. Temozolomide (TMZ), a chemotherapeutic agent combined with radiation therapy, is used as a standard treatment. The infiltrative nature of glioblastoma, however, interrupts effective treatment with TMZ and increases the tendency to relapse. Voltage-gated chloride channels have been identified as crucial regulators of glioma cell migration and invasion by mediating cell shape and volume change. Accordingly, chloride current inhibition by 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoate (NPPB), a chloride channel blocker, suppresses cell movement by diminishing the osmotic cell volume regulation. In this study, we developed a novel compound, TMZ conjugated with NPPB (TMZ-NPPB), as a potential anticancer drug. TMZ-NPPB blocked chloride currents in U373MG, a severely invasive human glioma cell line, and suppressed migration and invasion of U373MG cells. Moreover, TMZ-NPPB exhibited DNA modification activity similar to that of TMZ, and surprisingly showed remarkably enhanced cytotoxicity relative to TMZ by inducing apoptotic cell death via DNA damage. These findings indicate that TMZ-NPPB has a dual function in blocking both proliferation and migration of human glioma cells, thereby suggesting its potential to overcome challenges in current glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Park
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiman Song
- Materials
and Life Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojong Yoon
- Materials
and Life Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Hyun Choi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Materials
and Life Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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Cousin D, Zhang J, Hummersone MG, Matthews CS, Frigerio M, Bradshaw TD, Stevens MFG. Antitumor imidazo[5,1-d]-1,2,3,5-tetrazines: compounds modified at the 3-position overcome resistance in human glioblastoma cell lines. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00384b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Imidazotetrazines substituted at the N-3 position overcome resistance or tolerance to temozolomide conferred, respectively, by MGMT or DNA MMR defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jihong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
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Mahon BP, Pinard MA, McKenna R. Targeting carbonic anhydrase IX activity and expression. Molecules 2015; 20:2323-48. [PMID: 25647573 PMCID: PMC6272707 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20022323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic tumors are often hypoxic exhibiting a decrease in extracellular pH (~6.5) due to a metabolic transition described by the Warburg Effect. This shift in tumor cell metabolism alters the tumor milieu inducing tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, cell motility, invasiveness, and often resistance to common anti-cancer treatments; hence hindering treatment of aggressive cancers. As a result, tumors exhibiting this phenotype are directly associated with poor prognosis and decreased survival rates in cancer patients. A key component to this tumor microenvironment is carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX). Knockdown of CA IX expression or inhibition of its activity has been shown to reduce primary tumor growth, tumor proliferation, and also decrease tumor resistance to conventional anti-cancer therapies. As such several approaches have been taken to target CA IX in tumors via small-molecule, anti-body, and RNAi delivery systems. Here we will review recent developments that have exploited these approaches and provide our thoughts for future directions of CA IX targeting for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Mahon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Melissa A Pinard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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