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Franzé S, Rama F, Scarpa E, Violatto MB, Peqini K, Gennari CGM, Anderluzzi G, Camastra R, Salmaso A, Moscatiello G, Pellegrino S, Rizzello L, Bigini P, Cilurzo F. Mucosa-penetrating liposomes for esophageal local drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2024; 661:124413. [PMID: 38960342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Local drug delivery to the esophagus is hampered by rapid transit time and poor permeability of the mucosa. If some strategies aimed to improve the residence time have been proposed, non-invasive approaches to increase the drug penetration in the mucosa have not been described so far. Herein, we designed mucosa-penetrating liposomes to favor the penetration and retention of curcumin (CURC) in the esophagus. A novel mucosa penetrating peptide (MPP), SLENKGP, was selected by Phage Display and conjugated to pegylated liposomes at different PEG and MPP's surface densities. Pegylation assured a long residence time of liposomes (at least 30 min) in the esophagus in vivo, but it did not favor the penetration of CURC in the mucosa. MPP-decorated liposomes instead delivered a significant higher amount of CURC in the mucosa compared to naked pegylated liposomes. Confocal microscopy studies showed that naked pegylated liposomes remain confined in the superficial layers of the mucosa whereas MPP-decorated liposomes penetrate the whole epithelium. In vitro, MPP reduced the interaction of PEG with mucin, meanwhile favoring the paracellular penetration of liposomes across epithelial cell multilayers. In conclusion, pegylated liposomes represent a valid approach to target the esophagus and the surface functionalization with MPP enhances their penetration in the mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Franzé
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesco Rama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Scarpa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Bruna Violatto
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Kaliroi Peqini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Anderluzzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca Camastra
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Anita Salmaso
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Moscatiello
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Pellegrino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Loris Rizzello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Bigini
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Cilurzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Dubashynskaya NV, Petrova VA, Skorik YA. Biopolymer Drug Delivery Systems for Oromucosal Application: Recent Trends in Pharmaceutical R&D. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5359. [PMID: 38791397 PMCID: PMC11120705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Oromucosal drug delivery, both local and transmucosal (buccal), is an effective alternative to traditional oral and parenteral dosage forms because it increases drug bioavailability and reduces systemic drug toxicity. The oral mucosa has a good blood supply, which ensures that drug molecules enter the systemic circulation directly, avoiding drug metabolism during the first passage through the liver. At the same time, the mucosa has a number of barriers, including mucus, epithelium, enzymes, and immunocompetent cells, that are designed to prevent the entry of foreign substances into the body, which also complicates the absorption of drugs. The development of oromucosal drug delivery systems based on mucoadhesive biopolymers and their derivatives (especially thiolated and catecholated derivatives) is a promising strategy for the pharmaceutical development of safe and effective dosage forms. Solid, semi-solid and liquid pharmaceutical formulations based on biopolymers have several advantageous properties, such as prolonged residence time on the mucosa due to high mucoadhesion, unidirectional and modified drug release capabilities, and enhanced drug permeability. Biopolymers are non-toxic, biocompatible, biodegradable and may possess intrinsic bioactivity. A rational approach to the design of oromucosal delivery systems requires an understanding of both the anatomy/physiology of the oral mucosa and the physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of the drug molecule/biopolymer, as presented in this review. This review summarizes the advances in the pharmaceutical development of mucoadhesive oromucosal dosage forms (e.g., patches, buccal tablets, and hydrogel systems), including nanotechnology-based biopolymer nanoparticle delivery systems (e.g., solid lipid particles, liposomes, biopolymer polyelectrolyte particles, hybrid nanoparticles, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yury A. Skorik
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi VO 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Kim W, Ngo HV, Nguyen HD, Park JM, Lee KW, Park C, Park JB, Lee BJ. Nanonization and Deformable Behavior of Fattigated Peptide Drug in Mucoadhesive Buccal Films. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:468. [PMID: 38675128 PMCID: PMC11054133 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was tasked with the design of mucoadhesive buccal films (MBFs) containing a peptide drug, leuprolide (LEU), or its diverse nanoparticles (NPs), for enhanced membrane permeability via self-assembled nanonization and deformable behavior. An LEU-oleic acid conjugate (LOC) and its self-assembled NPs (LON) were developed. Additionally, a deformable variant of LON (d-LON) was originally developed by incorporating l-α-phosphatidylcholine into LON as an edge activator. The physicochemical properties of LON and d-LON, encompassing particle size, zeta potential, and deformability index (DI), were evaluated. MBFs containing LEU, LOC, and NPs (LON, d-LON) were prepared using the solvent casting method by varying the ratio of Eudragit RLPO and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, with propylene glycol used as a plasticizer. The optimization of MBF formulations was based on their physicochemical properties, including in vitro residence time, dissolution, and permeability. The dissolution results demonstrated that the conjugation of oleic acid to LEU exhibited a more sustained LEU release pattern by cleaving the ester bond of the conjugate, as compared to the native LEU, with reduced variability. Moreover, the LOC and its self-assembled NPs (LON, d-LON), equivalent to 1 mg LEU doses in MBF, exhibited an amorphous state and demonstrated better permeability through the nanonization process than LEU alone, regardless of membrane types. The incorporation of lauroyl-L-carnitine into the films as a permeation enhancer synergistically augmented drug permeability. Most importantly, the d-LON-loaded buccal films showed the highest permeability, due to the deformability of NPs. Overall, MBF-containing peptide NPs and permeation enhancers have the potential to replace parenteral LEU administration by improving LEU druggability and patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (W.K.); (H.V.N.); (H.D.N.); (J.-M.P.)
| | - Hai V. Ngo
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (W.K.); (H.V.N.); (H.D.N.); (J.-M.P.)
| | - Hy D. Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (W.K.); (H.V.N.); (H.D.N.); (J.-M.P.)
| | - Ji-Min Park
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (W.K.); (H.V.N.); (H.D.N.); (J.-M.P.)
| | - Kye Wan Lee
- Dongkook Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seoul 06072, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chulhun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jun-Bom Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (W.K.); (H.V.N.); (H.D.N.); (J.-M.P.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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Talianu MT, Dinu-Pîrvu CE, Ghica MV, Anuţa V, Prisada RM, Popa L. Development and Characterization of New Miconazole-Based Microemulsions for Buccal Delivery by Implementing a Full Factorial Design Modeling. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:271. [PMID: 38399325 PMCID: PMC10893023 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to develop miconazole-based microemulsions using oleic acid as a natural lipophilic phase and a stabilizer mixture comprising Tween 20 and PEG 400 to solubilize miconazole as an antifungal agent known for its activity in oral candidiasis and to improve its bioavailability. The formulation and preparation process was combined with a mathematical approach using a 23-full factorial plan. Fluid and gel-like microemulsions were obtained and analyzed considering pH, conductivity, and refractive index, followed by extensive analyses focused on droplet size, zeta potential, rheological behavior, and goniometry. In vitro release tests were performed to assess their biopharmaceutical characteristics. Independent variables coded X1-Oleic acid (%, w/w), X2-Tween 20 (%, w/w), and X3-PEG 400 (%, w/w) were analyzed in relationship with three main outputs like mean droplet size, work of adhesion, and diffusion coefficient by combining statistical tools with response surface methodology. The microemulsion containing miconazole base-2%, oleic acid-5%, Tween 20-40%, PEG 400-20%, and water-33% exhibited a mean droplet size of 119.6 nm, a work of adhesion of 71.98 mN/m, a diffusion coefficient of 2.11·10-5 cm2/s, and together with remarked attributes of two gel-like systems formulated with higher oil concentrations, modeled the final optimization step of microemulsions as potential systems for buccal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina-Theodora Talianu
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Str., 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-T.T.); (C.-E.D.-P.); (V.A.); (R.M.P.); (L.P.)
| | - Cristina-Elena Dinu-Pîrvu
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Str., 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-T.T.); (C.-E.D.-P.); (V.A.); (R.M.P.); (L.P.)
- Innovative Therapeutic Structures R&D Center (InnoTher), “Carol Davila’’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Str., 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Violeta Ghica
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Str., 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-T.T.); (C.-E.D.-P.); (V.A.); (R.M.P.); (L.P.)
- Innovative Therapeutic Structures R&D Center (InnoTher), “Carol Davila’’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Str., 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valentina Anuţa
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Str., 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-T.T.); (C.-E.D.-P.); (V.A.); (R.M.P.); (L.P.)
- Innovative Therapeutic Structures R&D Center (InnoTher), “Carol Davila’’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Str., 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Răzvan Mihai Prisada
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Str., 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-T.T.); (C.-E.D.-P.); (V.A.); (R.M.P.); (L.P.)
| | - Lăcrămioara Popa
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Str., 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-T.T.); (C.-E.D.-P.); (V.A.); (R.M.P.); (L.P.)
- Innovative Therapeutic Structures R&D Center (InnoTher), “Carol Davila’’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Str., 020956 Bucharest, Romania
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Pornpitchanarong C, Akkaramongkolporn P, Nattapulwat N, Opanasopit P, Patrojanasophon P. Development and Optimization of Andrographis paniculata Extract-Loaded Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System Using Experimental Design Model. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:166. [PMID: 38399227 PMCID: PMC10893082 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to develop an optimized formulation for an Andrographis paniculata extract (AGPE)-loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) using an experimental design and evaluate the characteristics of the developed SMEDDS. The solubility of andrographolide (AGP) in various solvents was investigated. The pseudo-ternary phase was constructed to provide an optimal range for each component to form microemulsions (MEs). The formulation was optimized using an I-optimal design mixture type, where the physical stability, droplet size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential were examined. Soft capsules of the optimized AGPE-loaded SMEDDS were manufactured. The dissolution and ex vivo membrane permeation were studied. Oleic acid, Tween® 80, and PEG 400 were the best solubilizers for AGP. The promising surfactant to co-surfactant ratio to generate ME was 3:1. The optimized SMEDDS contained 68.998% Tween® 80, with 13.257% oleic acid and 17.745% PEG 400. The assayed content of AGP, uniformity of dosage unit, and stability complied with the expected specifications. The dissolution and membrane permeability of AGPE-loaded SMEDDS was significantly improved from the A. paniculata extract (p < 0.05). All in all, the developed optimized AGPE-loaded SMEDDS was proven to contain optimal composition and AGP content where a stable ME could spontaneously be formed with enhanced delivery efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Prasopchai Patrojanasophon
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (C.P.); (P.A.); (N.N.); (P.O.)
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Balian GMFC, Luiz MT, Filippo LDD, Chorilli M. Mucoadhesive liquid crystal precursor system for photodynamic therapy of oral cancer mediated by methylene blue. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103739. [PMID: 37582452 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer head and neck cancers worldwide. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has demonstrated great potential against cancers, reducing long-term morbidity. In this study, we investigated the incorporation of methylene blue (MB) in a mucoadhesive liquid crystal precursor system (LCPS) for oral cancer treatment. The photostability and the in vitro release, permeation, and retention profile of MB-loaded LCPS (MB-LCPS) were investigated, as well as its in vitro PDT activity against normal (HaCaT) and tumoral (HSC-3) cell lines. LCPS increased the photostability of MB and exhibited a prolonged release profile of MB. In addition, LCPS increased the retention of MB in the porcine esophageal mucosa by around 3 times higher than the MB solution. The retention of MB in LCPS was around 2 times greater than its permeability, which is suitable for guaranteeing the maintenance of the therapy in the oral cavity. In vitro cytotoxicity assay indicated that MB-LCPS increased the antitumoral activity of MB after 20 min of irradiation at 660 nm and 12.5 J/cm2. The results obtained suggest that the developed formulation is an interesting strategy for the potential application in the treatment of oral cancer by PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Maria Fioramonti Calixto Balian
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Sao Paulo 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Marcela Tavares Luiz
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Sao Paulo 14800-903, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Delello Di Filippo
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Sao Paulo 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Sao Paulo 14800-903, Brazil.
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Liu S, Wen X, Zhang X, Mao S. Oral delivery of biomacromolecules by overcoming biological barriers in the gastrointestinal tract: an update. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1333-1347. [PMID: 37439101 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2231343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biomacromolecules have proven to be an attractive choice for treating diseases due to their properties of strong specificity, high efficiency, and low toxicity. Besides greatly improving the patient's complaint, oral delivery of macromolecules also complies with hormone physiological secretion, which has become one of the most innovative fields of research in recent years. AREAS COVERED Oral delivery biological barriers for biomacromolecule, transport mechanisms, and various administration strategies were discussed in this review, including absorption enhancers, targeting nanoparticles, mucoadhesion nanoparticles, mucus penetration nanoparticles, and intelligent bionic drug delivery systems. EXPERT OPINION The oral delivery of biomacromolecules has important clinical implications; however, these are still facing the challenges of low bioavailability due to certain barriers. Various promising technologies have been developed to overcome the barriers and improve the therapeutic effect of oral biomacromolecules. By considering safety and efficacy comprehensively, the development of intelligent nanoparticles based on the GIT environment has demonstrated some promise in overcoming these barriers; however, a more comprehensive understanding of the oral fate of oral biomacromolecules is still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangce Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shirui Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Elsayed A, Al-Remawi M, Jaber N, Abu-Salah KM. Advances in buccal and oral delivery of insulin. Int J Pharm 2023; 633:122623. [PMID: 36681204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic endocrine disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances in metabolic processes, such as those related to carbohydrates, fat, and protein. There are two main types of this disease: type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Insulin therapy is pivotal to the management of diabetes. Over the last two decades, many routes of administration, including nasal, pulmonary, rectal, transdermal, buccal, and ocular, have been investigated. Nevertheless, subcutaneous parenteral administration is still the most common route for insulin therapy. To overcome poor bioavailability and the barriers to oral insulin absorption, novel approaches in the field of oral drug delivery and administration have been brought about by the coalescence of different branches of nanoscience and nanotechnology, such as nanomedicine, nano-biochemistry, and nano-pharmacy. Novel drug delivery systems, including nanoparticles, nano-platforms, and nanocarriers, have been suggested. The objective of this review is to provide an update on the various promising approaches that have been explored and evaluated for the safe and efficient oral and buccal administration of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Elsayed
- College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mayyas Al-Remawi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan
| | - Nisrein Jaber
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Khalid M Abu-Salah
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences/ King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Department of Nanomedicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Fantini A, Giulio L, Delledonne A, Pescina S, Sissa C, Nicoli S, Santi P, Padula C. Buccal Permeation of Polysaccharide High Molecular Weight Compounds: Effect of Chemical Permeation Enhancers. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010129. [PMID: 36678758 PMCID: PMC9864332 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The greatest achievement in the advanced drug delivery field should be the optimization of non-invasive formulations for the delivery of high molecular weight compounds. Peptides, proteins, and other macromolecules can have poor membrane permeation, principally due to their large molecular weight. The aim of this work was to explore the possibility of administering fluorescently labeled dextrans (molecular weight 4-150 kDa) across the buccal mucosa. Permeation experiments across pig esophageal mucosa were carried out using fatty acids and bile salts as penetration enhancers. The data obtained show that it is possible to increase or promote the mucosa permeation of high molecular weight dextrans by using caprylic acid or sodium taurocholate as the chemical enhancers. With these enhancers, dextrans with molecular weight of 70 and 150 kDa, that in passive conditions did not permeate, could cross the mucosa in detectable amounts. FD-70 and FD-150 showed comparable permeability values, despite the molecular weight difference. The results obtained in the present work suggest that the buccal administration of high molecular weight compounds is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Fantini
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Giulio
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Delledonne
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Pescina
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina Sissa
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Sara Nicoli
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Santi
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina Padula
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-905078
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Tabboon P, Pongjanyakul T, Limpongsa E, Jaipakdee N. In Vitro Release, Mucosal Permeation and Deposition of Cannabidiol from Liquisolid Systems: The Influence of Liquid Vehicles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091787. [PMID: 36145536 PMCID: PMC9503133 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This work investigated the influence of liquid vehicles on the release, mucosal permeation and deposition of cannabidiol (CBD) from liquisolid systems. Various vehicles, including EtOH, nonvolatile low- and semi-polar solvents, and liquid surfactants, were investigated. The CBD solution was converted into free-flowing powder using carrier (microcrystalline cellulose) and coating materials (colloidal silica). A physical mixture of the CBD and carrier–coating materials was prepared as a control. The non-crystalline state of CBD in the liquisolid systems was confirmed using XRD, FTIR and SEM studies. The CBD liquisolid powder prepared with volatile and nonvolatile solvents had a better CBD release performance than the CBD formed as the surfactant-based and control powders. The liquisolid systems provided the CBD permeation flux through porcine esophageal mucosa ranging from 0.68 ± 0.11 to 13.68 ± 0.74 µg·cm−2·h−1, with the CBD deposition levels of 0.74 ± 0.04 to 2.62 ± 0.30 μg/mg for the dry mucosa. Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether showed significant CBD permeation enhancement (2.1 folds) without an increase in mucosal deposition, while the surfactants retarded the permeation (6.7–9.0 folds) and deposition (1.5–3.2 folds) significantly. In conclusion, besides the drug release, liquid vehicles significantly influence mucosal permeation and deposition, either enhanced or suppressed, in liquisolid systems. Special attention must be paid to the selection and screening of suitable liquid vehicles for liquisolid systems designed for transmucosal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peera Tabboon
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thaned Pongjanyakul
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ekapol Limpongsa
- College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathumthani 12000, Thailand
- Correspondence: (E.L.); (N.J.); Tel.: +66-80-5194956 (E.L.); +66-81-9749228 (N.J.)
| | - Napaphak Jaipakdee
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: (E.L.); (N.J.); Tel.: +66-80-5194956 (E.L.); +66-81-9749228 (N.J.)
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Tabboon P, Pongjanyakul T, Limpongsa E, Jaipakdee N. Mucosal Delivery of Cannabidiol: Influence of Vehicles and Enhancers. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081687. [PMID: 36015313 PMCID: PMC9412444 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the mucosal permeation and deposition of cannabidiol (CBD) with neat and binary vehicles were investigated. Permeation experiments were performed using static diffusion cells coupled with fresh porcine esophageal mucosa. The CBD-vehicle solutions were applied at a fixed dose (~5 mg/cm2), and the corresponding permeation parameters were calculated. In neat vehicles, the permeation flux (Jss) ranged from 0.89 ± 0.15 to 179.81 ± 23.46 µg·cm-2·h-1, while the CBD deposition ranged from 11.5 ± 1.8 to 538.3 ± 105.3 μg·cm-2. Propylene glycol (PG) and diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DEGEE) yielded the highest permeability (Ps) and CBD deposition, while medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) yielded the lowest Ps and deposition. This was due to the difference in apparent partition coefficient (K), which is related to the solubility of CBD in the vehicle. The PG:DEGEE binary vehicle boosted Jss (1.5-1.6 fold) and deposition (2.0-2.7 folds) significantly, compared to neat DEGEE. The combination of DEGEE with MCT dramatically enhanced Jss (11-44 fold) and deposition (1.6-4.7 fold). The addition of lipophilic enhancers, laurocapram, and oleic acid, to PG:DEGEE and DEGEE:MCT vehicles significantly reduced Jss (0.3-0.7 fold) and deposition (0.4-0.8 fold) while nerolidol had no effect. These permeation reductions were found to be related to modification of the K and/or diffusivity values. This study provides useful basic information for the development of CBD formulations intended for transmucosal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peera Tabboon
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thaned Pongjanyakul
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ekapol Limpongsa
- College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand
- Correspondence: (E.L.); (N.J.); Tel.: +66-80-5194956 (E.L.); +66-81-9749228 (N.J.)
| | - Napaphak Jaipakdee
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: (E.L.); (N.J.); Tel.: +66-80-5194956 (E.L.); +66-81-9749228 (N.J.)
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Nawaz A, Farid A, Safdar M, Latif MS, Ghazanfar S, Akhtar N, Al Jaouni SK, Selim S, Khan MW. Formulation Development and Ex-Vivo Permeability of Curcumin Hydrogels under the Influence of Natural Chemical Enhancers. Gels 2022; 8:gels8060384. [PMID: 35735728 PMCID: PMC9223005 DOI: 10.3390/gels8060384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the present research was to formulate and evaluate curcumin hydrogel and to investigate the potential of natural essential oils as permeation enhancers. Methods: Curcumin 2% w/w hydrogel containing various concentrations of eucalyptus oil, aloe vera oil and clove oil was developed using carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) as a gelling agent. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy were used to evaluate the compatibility between the drug and the excipients. In order to assess the efficacy of the formulation; rheological properties, skin irritation studies, in vitro release, ex vivo permeation and retention studies were conducted. Results: DSC and FTIR suggest no in-compatibility between curcumin and excipients. Studies proved that addition of suitable natural permeation enhancers to the hydrogels improved the in vitro release and ex vivo permeation and retention of curcumin. From the various natural essential oils, the aloe vera oil at a concentration of 3% w/w had the greatest effect on the permeability rate and skin retention of the Curcumin and produces the highest enhancement ratio amongst all the concentrations of essential oils examined. Conclusion: Aloe vera oil enhances the permeation of curcumin across the skin by altering the complex structure of the stratum corneum without itself undergoing any change. The developed curcumin hydrogels along with natural essential oils may present an effective choice regarding skin infection/wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Nawaz
- Advanced Drug Delivery Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan; (M.S.); (M.S.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (A.F.)
| | - Arshad Farid
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (A.F.)
| | - Muhammad Safdar
- Advanced Drug Delivery Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan; (M.S.); (M.S.L.)
| | - Muhammad Shahid Latif
- Advanced Drug Delivery Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan; (M.S.); (M.S.L.)
| | - Shakira Ghazanfar
- National Institute for Genomics Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan;
| | - Nosheen Akhtar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan;
| | - Soad K. Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Waseem Khan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan;
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13
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Park J, Ngo HV, Jin HE, Lee KW, Lee BJ. Hydroxyl Group-Targeted Conjugate and Its Self-Assembled Nanoparticle of Peptide Drug: Effect of Degree of Saturation of Fatty Acids and Modification of Physicochemical Properties. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:2243-2260. [PMID: 35615542 PMCID: PMC9124699 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s356804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To conjugate different degree of saturation of C18 fatty acids (stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid) with the hydroxyl groups of leuprolide acetate (LEU acetate) and to investigate the controlled release and enhanced permeability through self-assembled nanoparticles (L18FNs). Methods Yamaguchi esterification with benzoyl chloride and DMAP (4-Dimethylaminopyridine) allowed the conjugation of the fatty acid to the hydroxyl group of LEU. The three conjugates were then designated as stearic acid-conjugated LEU, LSC, oleic acid-conjugated LEU, LOC, and linoleic acid-conjugated LEU, LLC, respectively. The conjugates (L18FCs) were purified using preparative HPLC (Prep-HPLC) and identified through various instrumental analyses. Results The zeta potential, particle size, and morphology of each L18FNs were evaluated. In the case of LSNs, the zeta potential value was relatively low and the particle size was larger than LONs and LLNs owing to the higher hydrophobicity of saturated fatty chain, while the LLNs showed a higher zeta potential and smaller particle size. In human plasma, LLC showed the fastest degradation rate with the highest accumulative drug release. The permeability of L18FNs was analyzed through the Franz diffusion cell experiment, confirming that the degree of saturation of fatty acids affects the permeability of LFNs. While the permeability of LSNs was not significantly enhanced due to higher particle size after nanonization, LONs and LLNs increased 1.56 and 1.85 times in permeation, respectively, compared to LEU. Conclusion Utilization of different degree of saturation of fatty acids to conjugate a peptide drug could provide pharmaceutical versatility via self-assembly and modification of physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Park
- Bioavailability Control Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai V Ngo
- Bioavailability Control Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Eon Jin
- Bioavailability Control Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Wan Lee
- Dongkook Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Jin Lee
- Bioavailability Control Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: Beom-Jin Lee, Bioavailability Control Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea, Tel +82 312193442, Fax +82 312193435, Email
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14
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Zaki RM, Ibrahim MA, Alshora DH, El Ela AESA. Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Gel Containing Tacrolimus-Loaded Spanlastics: In Vitro, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Studies. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081528. [PMID: 35458277 PMCID: PMC9024636 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Our goal was to prepare Span 60-based elastic nanovesicles (spanlastics (SPLs)) of tacrolimus (TCR) using the adapted ethanol injection method, characterize them, and evaluate their ability to improve the transdermal permeation of the active substance. The impact of two different concentrations of penetration enhancers, namely, propylene glycol and oleic acid, on the entrapment efficiency, vesicle size, and zeta potential was assessed. Moreover, in vitro release through a semipermeable membrane and ex vivo penetration through hairless rat skin were performed. Morphological examination and pharmacokinetics were performed for one selected formulation (F3OA1). TCR-loaded SPLs were effectively formulated with two different concentrations of permeation enhancers, and the effect of these enhancers on their physicochemical properties differed in accordance with the concentration and kind of enhancer used. The results of in vitro release displayed a considerable (p < 0.05) enhancement compared to the suspension of the pure drug, and there was a correlation between the in vitro and ex vivo results. The selected TCR-loaded nanovesicles incorporated into a gel base showed appreciable advantages over the oral drug suspension and the TCR-loaded gel. Additionally, the pharmacokinetic parameters were significantly (p < 0.05) improved based on our findings. Moreover, the AUC0−7 ng·h/mL form F3 OA1 was 3.36-fold higher than that after the administration of the TCR oral suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa Mohammed Zaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.I.); (A.E.S.A.E.E.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Doaa H. Alshora
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.I.); (A.E.S.A.E.E.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Amal El Sayeh Abou El Ela
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.I.); (A.E.S.A.E.E.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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15
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Lydon CA, Mejia-Fava J, Collado-Vides L, Eskelinen H, Berry JP. Identification of apparently neurotoxic metabolites from assemblages of marine filamentous cyanobacteria associated with the intoxication of captive bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Florida Keys. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132423. [PMID: 34600015 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intoxications of captive bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Florida Keys have been linked to observed interactions with marine macrophytic algal and cyanobacterial communities within enclosures. Taxonomic characterization of these communities coupled, in turn, to available observational data collected during intoxication events point to a contribution of filamentous cyanobacterial assemblages comprised of members of the polyphyletic genus, Lyngbya sensu lato. To identify toxic metabolites possibly relevant to these intoxications, chemical screening for known neurotoxins from cyanobacteria, as well as other regionally relevant harmful algal bloom (HAB) taxa, was combined with toxicity testing, and subsequent bioassay-guided fractionation, employing early life stages (i.e., embryos and larvae) of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a well-established aquatic vertebrate toxicological model. Chemical analyses did not detect (within analytical limits) any of the known algal or cyanobacterial neurotoxins. Toxicity testing, alongside bioassay-guided fractionation, however, identified several chemical fractions with a range of potentially relevant bioactivities in both zebrafish embryos and post-hatch larvae including, in particular, behavioral (e.g., aberrant swimming) and physiological (e.g., altered heart rate) endpoints indicative of possible neurotoxicity, and subsequent chemical characterization of fractions suggested a contribution of the previously identified bioactive metabolite, eudesmacarbonate, in the observed toxicity. Comparative toxicological assessment with PbTx-2, as a positive control for neurotoxicity in the zebrafish model, further supported neurotoxic activity of cyanobacterial metabolites potentially relevant, in turn, to a contribution of these metabolites to dolphin intoxications. These findings suggest, in general, that marine zoological facilities may be affected by regional HABs, and assessments of potentially toxigenic algae and cyanobacteria should be included in management strategies in these facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Lydon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA
| | | | - Ligia Collado-Vides
- Department of Biological Sciences, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Holli Eskelinen
- Dolphins Plus Marine Mammal Responder, 31 Corinne Place, Key Largo, FL, 33037, USA
| | - John P Berry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA.
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16
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Mousavi-Koodehi B, Darzi L, Sadeghizadeh M, Najafi F, Forouzandeh-Moghdam M. Replacement of hydrochloride in metformin hydrochloride with caprylic acid to investigate its effects on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. Life Sci 2022; 293:120308. [PMID: 35016878 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Metformin hydrochloride is a highly hydrophilic molecule with low permeability. In the present study, to develop an effective drug to treat the metastatic breast cancer, metformin caprylic acid was synthesized using metformin hydrochloride as a permeable agent. MAIN METHODS The cytotoxic effects of various concentrations of metformin caprylic acid and metformin hydrochloride (0 to 20 mM) on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and MCF-10A human mammary epithelial cell line were assessed by the MTT assay. Furthermore, Annexin V, PI staining, and cell flow cytometry assays were performed to evaluate the apoptotic effects. The invasion and migration ability of these cells were evaluated following treatment with equal concentration (3 mM) of the two compounds. KEY FINDINGS The treatment of tested cell lines with an equal concentration of two chemicals decreased cell viability in a time and dose-dependent manner, where in all cases, metformin caprylic acid caused significantly more apoptosis and invasion inhibition than that of metformin hydrochloride (*p < 0.05). Chemical structures of both compounds were confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR, 13C NMR. Both chemicals inhibited the migration of MCF-7 and MCF-10A cells, but had no effect on MDA-MB-231 migration. All data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). SIGNIFICANCE It seems that in an equal concentration, the similarity of the hydrophobic tail of caprylic acid to the cell membrane improves its entrance, while decreasing the drug excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batool Mousavi-Koodehi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Darzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhood Najafi
- Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Forouzandeh-Moghdam
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Jacob S, Nair AB, Boddu SHS, Gorain B, Sreeharsha N, Shah J. An Updated Overview of the Emerging Role of Patch and Film-Based Buccal Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1206. [PMID: 34452167 PMCID: PMC8399227 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Buccal mucosal membrane offers an attractive drug-delivery route to enhance both systemic and local therapy. This review discusses the benefits and drawbacks of buccal drug delivery, anatomical and physiological aspects of oral mucosa, and various in vitro techniques frequently used for examining buccal drug-delivery systems. The role of mucoadhesive polymers, penetration enhancers, and enzyme inhibitors to circumvent the formulation challenges particularly due to salivary renovation cycle, masticatory effect, and limited absorption area are summarized. Biocompatible mucoadhesive films and patches are favored dosage forms for buccal administration because of flexibility, comfort, lightness, acceptability, capacity to withstand mechanical stress, and customized size. Preparation methods, scale-up process and manufacturing of buccal films are briefed. Ongoing and completed clinical trials of buccal film formulations designed for systemic delivery are tabulated. Polymeric or lipid nanocarriers incorporated in buccal film to resolve potential formulation and drug-delivery issues are reviewed. Vaccine-enabled buccal films have the potential ability to produce both antibodies mediated and cell mediated immunity. Advent of novel 3D printing technologies with built-in flexibility would allow multiple drug combinations as well as compartmentalization to separate incompatible drugs. Exploring new functional excipients with potential capacity for permeation enhancement of particularly large-molecular-weight hydrophilic drugs and unstable proteins, oligonucleotides are the need of the hour for rapid advancement in the exciting field of buccal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.N.); (N.S.)
| | - Sai H. S. Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Centre for Drug Delivery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.N.); (N.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore 560035, India
| | - Jigar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India;
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Pereira RR, Gomes ATA, Testi M, Bianchera A, Ribeiro-Costa RM, Padula C, Silva Júnior JOC, Sonvico F. Ucuùba Fat Characterization and Use to Obtain Lipid Nanoparticles by High‐Pressure Homogenization with Full Factorial Design. Chem Eng Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rayanne R. Pereira
- Federal University of Pará Laboratory R&D Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Street Augusto Correa 01 66075110 Belém, PA Brazil
- University of Parma Department of Food and Drug Viale delle Scienze 27/a 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Antonio T. A. Gomes
- Federal University of Pará Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotecnology Street Augusto Correa 01 66075110 Belém, PA Brazil
| | - Matteo Testi
- University of Parma Department of Food and Drug Viale delle Scienze 27/a 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- University of Parma Department of Food and Drug Viale delle Scienze 27/a 43124 Parma Italy
- University of Parma Biopharmanet–TEC Interdepartmental Center for the Development of Health Products Pad. 33, Science and Technology Campus 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Roseane M. Ribeiro-Costa
- Federal University of Pará Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotecnology Street Augusto Correa 01 66075110 Belém, PA Brazil
| | - Cristina Padula
- University of Parma Department of Food and Drug Viale delle Scienze 27/a 43124 Parma Italy
| | - José O. C. Silva Júnior
- Federal University of Pará Laboratory R&D Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Street Augusto Correa 01 66075110 Belém, PA Brazil
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- University of Parma Department of Food and Drug Viale delle Scienze 27/a 43124 Parma Italy
- University of Parma Biopharmanet–TEC Interdepartmental Center for the Development of Health Products Pad. 33, Science and Technology Campus 43124 Parma Italy
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Resistivity Technique for the Evaluation of the Integrity of Buccal and Esophageal Epithelium Mucosa for In Vitro Permeation Studies: Swine Buccal and Esophageal Mucosa Barrier Models. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050643. [PMID: 33946622 PMCID: PMC8147247 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Permeation assays are important for the development of topical formulations applied on buccal mucosa. Swine buccal and esophageal epithelia are usually used as barriers for these assays, while frozen epithelia have been used to optimize the experimental setup. However, there is no consensus on these methods. In transdermal studies, barrier integrity has been evaluated by measuring electrical resistance (ER) across the skin, which has been demonstrated to be a simple, fast, safe, and cost-effective method. Therefore, the aims here were to investigate whether ER might also be an effective method to evaluate buccal and esophageal epithelium mucosa integrity for in vitro permeation studies, and to establish a cut-off ER value for each epithelium mucosa model. We further investigated whether buccal epithelium could be substituted by esophageal epithelium in transbuccal permeation studies, and whether their permeability and integrity were affected by freezing at -20 °C for 3 weeks. Fresh and frozen swine buccal and esophageal epithelia were mounted in Franz diffusion cells and were then submitted to ER measurement. Permeation assays were performed using lidocaine hydrochloride as a hydrophilic drug model. ER was shown to be a reliable method for evaluating esophageal and buccal epithelia. The esophageal epithelium presented higher permeability compared to the buccal epithelium. For both epithelia, freezing and storage led to decreased electrical resistivity and increased permeability. We conclude that ER may be safely used to confirm tissue integrity when it is equal to or above 3 kΩ for fresh esophageal mucosa, but not for buccal epithelium mucosa. However, the use of esophageal epithelium in in vitro transmucosal studies could overestimate the absorption of hydrophilic drugs. In addition, fresh samples are recommended for these experiments, especially when hydrophilic drugs are involved.
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Anurova MN, Demina NB, Bakhrushina EO. Permeability Enhancers in Transdermal Delivery System Technology (Review). Pharm Chem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02336-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Drug-Loaded Lipid-Core Micelles in Mucoadhesive Films as a Novel Dosage Form for Buccal Administration of Poorly Water-Soluble and Biological Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121168. [PMID: 33266132 PMCID: PMC7761273 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop a novel buccal dosage form to transport rhodamine 123 and human insulin as models for poorly water-soluble and biological drugs, using lipid-core micelles (LCMs)-loaded mucoadhesive films. LCMs were synthesized by a low-energy hot emulsification process, yielding spherically shaped, small-sized, monodispersed and negatively charged carriers with high entrapment efficiency. In vitro release studies demonstrated a higher release of insulin rather than rhodamine from LCMs in simulated physiological conditions, due to an initial burst release effect; however, both release profiles are mainly explained by a diffusion mechanism. Furthermore, LCMs-loaded mucoadhesive films were manufactured and preserved with similar mechanical properties and optimal mucoadhesive behavior compared to nonloaded films. Ex vivo permeation experiments using excised porcine buccal epithelium reveal that both rhodamine and insulin-loaded LCM films elicited a significantly enhanced permeation effect compared to LCMs in suspension and free drugs in solution as controls. Hence, LCMs-loaded mucoadhesive films are suitable as buccal dosage form for the transport and delivery of rhodamine 123 and insulin, as models for poorly water-soluble and biological drugs, respectively.
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Keum T, Noh G, Seo JE, Bashyal S, Lee S. In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation of Penetratin as a Non-invasive Permeation Enhancer in the Penetration of Salmon Calcitonin through TR146 Buccal Cells and Porcine Buccal Tissues. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110408. [PMID: 33233392 PMCID: PMC7700664 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Buccal tissues are considered one of the potential alternative delivery route because of fast drug absorption and onset of action due to high vascularization and a non-keratinized epithelial membrane. In this study, the effect of Penetratin on the permeation of salmon calcitonin (sCT), a model macromolecular peptide drug, through TR146 buccal cells and porcine buccal tissues has been evaluated. To observe permeation profile of sCT, TR146 buccal cells were treated with Alexa 647 conjugated sCT (Alexa 647-sCT) with different concentrations of fluorescein isothiocyanate -labeled Penetratin (FITC-Penetratin) ranging from 0 to 40 μM, and analyzed using flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Intracellular penetration of FITC-Penetratin rapidly increased at low concentrations from 0 to 15 μM and it gradually increased at concentrations above 15 μM. Intracellular penetration of Alexa 647-sCT enhanced with the increase of FITC-Penetratin concentration. When TR146 cell layers and buccal tissues were co-treated with sCT and Penetratin as permeation enhancer, the flux of sCT increased as per Penetratin concentration. Compared to the control, 12.2 μM of Penetratin enhanced the flux of sCT in TR146 cell layers and buccal tissues by 5.5-fold and 93.7-fold, respectively. These results strongly suggest that Penetratin may successfully act as a non-invasive permeation enhancer for macromolecular peptide drug delivery through buccal routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taekwang Keum
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (T.K.); (G.N.); (J.-E.S.); (S.B.)
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Gyubin Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (T.K.); (G.N.); (J.-E.S.); (S.B.)
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Jo-Eun Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (T.K.); (G.N.); (J.-E.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Santosh Bashyal
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (T.K.); (G.N.); (J.-E.S.); (S.B.)
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (T.K.); (G.N.); (J.-E.S.); (S.B.)
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-580-6655
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Navarro Del Hierro J, Piazzini V, Reglero G, Martin D, Bergonzi MC. In Vitro Permeability of Saponins and Sapogenins from Seed Extracts by the Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay: Effect of in Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1297-1305. [PMID: 31934761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The permeability of saponins and sapogenins from fenugreek and quinoa extracts, as well as dioscin and diosgenin, was evaluated by the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA). The effect of the digestion process on permeability was determined, with previous development of a gastrointestinal process coupled to PAMPA. Saponins from both seeds displayed a moderate-to-poor permeability (>1 × 10-6 cm/s), although the digestion enhanced their permeability values in the order of 10-5 cm/s (p < 0.001). Sapogenins exhibited a similar permeability to that of saponins, although the digestion enhanced the permeability of sapogenins from quinoa (1.14 ± 0.47 × 10-5 cm/s) but not from fenugreek (2.33 ± 0.99 × 10-6 cm/s). An overall positive impact of coexisting lipids on the permeability was evidenced. PAMPA is shown as a useful, rapid, and easy tool for assessing the permeability of bioactive compounds from complex matrices, with the previous gastrointestinal process being a relevant step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Navarro Del Hierro
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos , Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM) , 28049 Madrid , Spain
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Vieri Piazzini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" , Università degli Studi di Firenze , 50019 Florence , Italy
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos , Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM) , 28049 Madrid , Spain
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid , Spain
- Imdea-Food Institute , CEI UAM + CSIC , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Diana Martin
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos , Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM) , 28049 Madrid , Spain
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Maria Camilla Bergonzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" , Università degli Studi di Firenze , 50019 Florence , Italy
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Mucoadhesive buccal film of almotriptan improved therapeutic delivery in rabbit model. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 28:201-209. [PMID: 32042259 PMCID: PMC7000341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of almotriptan as an oral therapy is largely limited because of poor aqueous solubility and rather low bioavailability. The aim of present investigation was to formulate oral mucoadhesive film of almotriptan to improve the drug delivery and desired therapeutic effects. Placebo films (F1-F8) were prepared by varying the concentrations of Proloc 15 (7.5-15% w/v) and Eudragit RL 100/RS 100 (15-30% w/v) polymers. Physicomechanical and pharmaceutical characteristics of drug loaded films (FA1-FA4) were examined. Selected FA4 film was evaluated in vivo by assessing the pharmacokinetic profile and compared with oral therapy in rabbits. FA1-FA4 films exhibited excellent physicomechanical properties and rapid hydration. A biphasic and considerably greater drug release (p < 0.05) was observed in FA3 and FA4 films contain higher amount of hydrophilic polymer. The rate of permeation of almotriptan was found to be significantly higher in FA4 than FA3 film (p < 0.005). Fourier transform infrared spectral scan indicates no incompatibility exists between the drug and polymers used. Differential scanning calorimetry thermogram represents the evidence of almotriptan amorphization and molecular dispersion of it in the film. Scanning electron microscopy images shows that FA4 possess good morphological features and hence suitable for use in the buccal application. In vivo data demonstrated rapid and efficient absorption (p < 0.005) of almotriptan with greater AUC0-12 (>2 folds, p < 0.0001) by FA4 film as compared to oral (control). In general, the data established the potential of FA4 film to improve the therapeutic delivery of almotriptan and offers a promising option in migraine therapy.
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Unidirectional drug release from 3D printed mucoadhesive buccal films using FDM technology: In vitro and ex vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 144:180-192. [PMID: 31550525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oromucosal delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients provides an attractive alternative route of administration, due to avoidance of the first pass effect and improved patient compliance. In the current work, fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing was investigated as an additive manufacturing approach for poly(vinyl alcohol)-based mucoadhesive films, enabling unidirectional drug release. For this purpose, chitosan was incorporated as a permeation and mucoadhesion enhancer whereas ethylcellulose and commercial wafer sheets were evaluated as backing layers. The formulated films were initially assessed for structural integrity and dose uniformity. Solid-state characterization of the films, including thermal methods (DSC, TGA), diffraction (XRPD) and Raman spectroscopy, was implemented to characterize the physicochemical properties of the produced polymeric filaments and buccal films. The mechanical properties of the products were investigated by instrumented indentation and tensile tests. Evaluation of buccal films was assessed in vitro, to study the effect of backing-layer type on hydration capacity of the films, diffusion of the drug throughout the restricting layer and release profiles in simulated saliva. The ex vivo performance of the manufactured products, associated with the presence of chitosan, was investigated by textural analysis for mucoadhesion properties, whereas permeation studies and histological studies were performed across porcine buccal epithelium. The results demonstrated that FDM printing is a timesaving and versatile approach in the context of manufacturing multi-layered mucoadhesive buccal films, providing unidirectional release properties.
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