1
|
Li Y, He J, Zhang X, Deng X. The draft genome of Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima and transcriptome analysis reveals novel insights into diatom biosilicification. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:560. [PMID: 38840265 PMCID: PMC11151724 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10479-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima is a commonly available diatom that plays important roles in marine aquaculture. It was originally classified as Nitzschia (Bacillariaceae, Bacillariophyta) but is currently regarded as a heterotypic synonym of Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The aim of this study was to obtain the draft genome of the marine microalga N. closterium f. minutissima to understand its phylogenetic placement and evolutionary specialization. Given that the ornate hierarchical silicified cell walls (frustules) of diatoms have immense applications in nanotechnology for biomedical fields, biosensors and optoelectric devices, transcriptomic data were generated by using reference genome-based read mapping to identify significantly differentially expressed genes and elucidate the molecular processes involved in diatom biosilicification. RESULTS In this study, we generated 13.81 Gb of pass reads from the PromethION sequencer. The draft genome of N. closterium f. minutissima has a total length of 29.28 Mb, and contains 28 contigs with an N50 value of 1.23 Mb. The GC content was 48.55%, and approximately 18.36% of the genome assembly contained repeat sequences. Gene annotation revealed 9,132 protein-coding genes. The results of comparative genomic analysis showed that N. closterium f. minutissima was clustered as a sister lineage of Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the divergence time between them was estimated to be approximately 17.2 million years ago (Mya). CAFF analysis demonstrated that 220 gene families that significantly changed were unique to N. closterium f. minutissima and that 154 were specific to P. tricornutum, moreover, only 26 gene families overlapped between these two species. A total of 818 DEGs in response to silicon were identified in N. closterium f. minutissima through RNA sequencing, these genes are involved in various molecular processes such as transcription regulator activity. Several genes encoding proteins, including silicon transporters, heat shock factors, methyltransferases, ankyrin repeat domains, cGMP-mediated signaling pathways-related proteins, cytoskeleton-associated proteins, polyamines, glycoproteins and saturated fatty acids may contribute to the formation of frustules in N. closterium f. minutissima. CONCLUSIONS Here, we described a draft genome of N. closterium f. minutissima and compared it with those of eight other diatoms, which provided new insight into its evolutionary features. Transcriptome analysis to identify DEGs in response to silicon will help to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of diatom biosilicification in N. closterium f. minutissima.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Li
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS) & Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571101, China.
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bioresources, Haikou, 571101, China.
| | - Jinman He
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS) & Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571101, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bioresources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xiuxia Zhang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS) & Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571101, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bioresources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xiaodong Deng
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS) & Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571101, China.
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bioresources, Haikou, 571101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumar R, Dalvi V, Pant KK, Malik A. Microalgal biochar assisted simultaneous removal of particulate matter, formaldehyde, and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC's) from indoor air. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141866. [PMID: 38565375 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Biochar-based materials for air treatment have gained significant attention for removing health-detrimental volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter (PM) in indoor air settings. However, high turnaround time, multiple pretreatment processes involved, and high pore size and low surface area (>10 μm, <100 m2 g-1) of lignocellulosic feedstocks demand alternative biochar feedstock material. Considering this, we designed a simple first-of-its-kind indoor air scrubbing material using diatoms-enriched microalgae biochar. In the present study, the microalgae were cultivated on waste anaerobic digestate (biogas slurry) and were pyrolyzed at three different temperatures: 300 °C (BC300), 500 °C (BC500), and 700 °C (BC700). The BC500 and BC700 showed the highest removal efficiencies (99 %) for total volatile organic carbons (TVOCs) and formaldehyde (HCHO) at concentrations of 1.22 mg m-3 HCHO and 8.57 mg m-3 TVOC compared to 50% efficiency obtained with commercially available surgical, cloth, and N95 masks. The biochar obtained showed a high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 238 m2 g-1 (BC500) and 480 m2 g-1 (BC700) and an average pore size of 9-11 nm due to the mesoporous characteristic of diatom frustules. The comparatively poor performance of BC300 was due to lower surface area (150 m2 g-1) arising from incomplete organic removal, as evidenced by FESEM-EDX and FTIR. The high removal efficiencies in BC500 and BC700 were also attributed to the presence of reactive functional groups such as -OH and R-NH2. Concurrently, the average particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1) removal efficiency for BC500 and BC 700 ranged between 66 and 82.69 %. The PM removal performance of BC500 and BC700 was lower (15-20%) than commercially available masks. Overall, the present study highlights the importance of diatoms (reactive Si) present inside the pores of microalgal biochar for enhanced removal of PM, TVOCs, and HCHO at temperatures above 500 °C. This complete approach signifies a step towards establishing a self-sustainable and circular process characterized by minimal waste generation for indoor air treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Vivek Dalvi
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Kamal Kishore Pant
- Catalytic Reaction Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India; Current Affiliation: Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
| | - Anushree Malik
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India; Present Affiliation: Fulbright-Kalam (Climate) Academic & Professional Excellence Scholar, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Andresen S, Ahmad Basri AB. Diatom-Inspired Structural Adaptation According to Mode Shapes: A Study on 3D Structures and Software Tools. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:241. [PMID: 38667252 PMCID: PMC11047921 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9040241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diatoms captivate both biologists and engineers with their remarkable mechanical properties and lightweight design principles inherent in their shells. Recent studies have indicated that diatom frustules possess optimized shapes that align with vibrational modes, suggesting an inherent adaptation to vibratory loads. The mode shape adaptation method is known to significantly alter eigenfrequencies of 1D and 2D structures to prevent undesired vibration amplitudes. Leveraging this insight, the diatom-inspired approach to deform structures according to mode shapes was extended to different complex 3D structures, demonstrating a significant enhancement in eigenfrequencies with distinct mode shapes. Through extensive parameter studies, frequency increases exceeding 200% were obtained, showcasing the method's effectiveness. In the second study part, the studied method was integrated into a user-friendly, low-code software facilitating swift and automated structural adjustments for eigenfrequency optimization. The created software tools, encompassing various components, were successfully tested on the example structures demonstrating the versatility and practicality of implementing biomimetic strategies in engineering designs. Thus, the present investigation does not only highlight the noteworthiness of the structural adaptation method inspired by diatoms in maximizing eigenfrequencies, but also originate software tools permitting different users to easily apply the method to distinct structures that have to be optimized, e.g., lightweight structures in the mobility or aerospace industry that are susceptible toward vibrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Andresen
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tsou MH, Wu ZY, Chen GW, Lee CC, Lee ZH, Yuan WT, Lin SM, Lin HM. Diatom-derived mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with fucoidan for enhanced chemo-photodynamic therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127078. [PMID: 37769769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Combination therapy merges chemical photodynamic therapy (CPDT) to improve cancer treatment. It synergizes chemotherapy with photodynamic therapy (PDT), using photosensitizers to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) when exposed to light, effectively killing drug-resistant cancer cells. It is not affected by drug resistance, making it an attractive option for combination with chemotherapy. In this study, the focus was on the design of a combination therapy of chemotherapy and PDT. They synthesized diatomaceous earth mesoporous silica nanoparticles (dMSN) containing lanthanide metal ions in a PDT composition. These nanoparticles can generate ROS under near-infrared light irradiation and have MRI and fluorescence imaging capabilities, confirming their phototherapeutic effect on HCT116 cancer cells at a 200 μg/mL concentration. Fucoidan, derived from brown algae, was used as the chemotherapy component. The fucoidan extracted from Sargassum oligocystum in Pingtung Haikou showed the highest anticancer activity, with cell viability of 57.4 % at 200 μg/mL on HCT116 cancer cells. For combination therapy, fucoidan was loaded into nanoparticles (dMSN-EuGd@fucoidan). Cell viability experiments revealed that at 200 μg/mL, the cell survival rate of dMSN-EuGd@Fucoidan on HCT116 cancer cells was 47.7 %. Combination therapy demonstrated superior anticancer efficacy compared to PDT or chemotherapy alone, successfully synthesizing nanoparticles for combined chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hsuan Tsou
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Wei Chen
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chang Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Zui-Harng Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Wei Ting Yuan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Showe-Mei Lin
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Mei Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 20224, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Terracciano M, Fontana F, Falanga AP, D'Errico S, Torrieri G, Greco F, Tramontano C, Rea I, Piccialli G, De Stefano L, Oliviero G, Santos HA, Borbone N. Development of Surface Chemical Strategies for Synthesizing Redox-Responsive Diatomite Nanoparticles as a Green Platform for On-Demand Intracellular Release of an Antisense Peptide Nucleic Acid Anticancer Agent. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204732. [PMID: 36089668 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Redox-responsive silica drug delivery systems are synthesized by aeco-friendly diatomite source to achieve on-demand release of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) in tumor reducing microenvironment, aiming to inhibit the immune checkpoint programmed cell death 1 receptor/programmed cell death receptor ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) in cancer cells. The nanoparticles (NPs) are coated with polyethylene glycol chains as gatekeepers to improve their physicochemical properties and control drug release through the cleavable disulfide bonds (S-S) in a reductive environment. This study describes different chemical conditions to achieve the highest NPs' surface functionalization yield, exploring both multistep and one-pot chemical functionalization strategies. The best formulation is used for covalent PNA conjugation via the S-S bond reaching a loading degree of 306 ± 25 µg PNA mg-1 DNPs . These systems are used for in vitro studies to evaluate the kinetic release, biocompatibility, cellular uptake, and activity on different cancer cells expressing high levels of PD-L1. The obtained results prove the safety of the NPs up to 200 µg mL-1 and their advantage for controlling and enhancing the PNA intracellular release as well as antitumor activity. Moreover, the downregulation of PD-L1 observed only with MDA-MB-231 cancer cells paves the way for targeted immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Terracciano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Flavia Fontana
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Andrea Patrizia Falanga
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Stefano D'Errico
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Giulia Torrieri
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Francesca Greco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Chiara Tramontano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rea
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Unit of Naples, National Research Council, via P. Castellino 111, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Gennaro Piccialli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Luca De Stefano
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Unit of Naples, National Research Council, via P. Castellino 111, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Giorgia Oliviero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, via S. Pansini 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola Borbone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, Naples, 80131, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dhali S, Jain R, Malik A, Sharma S, Raliya R. Cultivation of Navicula sp. on rice straw hydrolysate for the production of biogenic silica. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127577. [PMID: 35792331 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rice straw hydrolysate (RSH) prepared at room temperature was found to be rich in silica (140 ± 4.1 mg L-1) and other nutrients (nitrate-N: 160 ± 4.3 mg L-1, total dissolve phosphate: 164 ± 6.7 mg L-1, ammoniacal-N: 439.8 ± 17 mg L-1). The aim of this work was to study four RSH dilutions (10, 30, 50, 70% v/v) to cultivate Navicula sp. with modified ASN-III as a control. The best result was achieved in 30% RSH in terms ofdoubling time (d = 1.49 days) and growth rate (µmax = 0.46 day-1). Compared to control, specific growth rate and biomass productivity were increased by 2.93 folds and 1.85 folds, respectively. Cultivation in 5 L reactor with optimized 30% RSH yielded frustule (54.2 ± 1.9%), carbohydrate (12.4 ± 1.2%), lipid (18.9 ± 1.4%), and protein (8.2 ± 0.6%). The residual solid fraction showed 18.99% increased theoretical methane yield than raw rice straw. Overall, the present process offers a sustainable solution to manage rice straw residue and recover nanoporous silica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Dhali
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Jain
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Anushree Malik
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Satyawati Sharma
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Raliya
- Adjunct Faculty, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The complex hydrogel based on diatom biosilica and hydroxybutyl chitosan for wound healing. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 216:112523. [PMID: 35596961 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, doxycycline (DOXY)-loaded diatom biosilica (DBs) were developed and coated with hydroxybutyl chitosan (HBC) hydrogel for wound healing. The HBC/DBs/DOXY composite hydrogel had significant inhibitory activity against S. aureus (100%) and E. coli (98%). In addition, the HBC/DBs/DOXY hydrogel showed minimum cytotoxicity on L929 cells in vitro, indicating the great biocompatibility of the composite hydrogel. The in vivo results demonstrated that HBC/DBs/DOXY composite hydrogel could promote the wound re-epithelialization and accelerate the healing. The wound closure was evaluated to be 99.4 ± 0.4% at day 12 after treated with the hydrogel, with the presence of neovascularization and collagen deposition, all indicating the great potential of HBC/DBs/DOXY hydrogel in wound healing.
Collapse
|
8
|
Novel Drug and Gene Delivery System and Imaging Agent Based on Marine Diatom Biosilica Nanoparticles. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080480. [PMID: 36005484 PMCID: PMC9410069 DOI: 10.3390/md20080480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have great potential for applications as a drug delivery system (DDS) due to their unique properties such as large pore size, high surface area, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and stable aqueous dispersion. The MSN-mediated DDS can carry chemotherapeutic agents, optical sensors, photothermal agents, short interfering RNA (siRNA), and gene therapeutic agents. The MSN-assisted imaging techniques are applicable in cancer diagnosis. However, their synthesis via a chemical route requires toxic chemicals and is challenging, time-consuming, and energy-intensive, making the process expensive and non-viable. Fortunately, nature has provided a viable alternative material in the form of biosilica from marine resources. In this review, the applications of biosilica nanoparticles synthesized from marine diatoms in the field of drug delivery, biosensing, imaging agents, and regenerative medicine, are highlighted. Insights into the use of biosilica in the field of DDSs are elaborated, with a focus on different strategies to improve the physico-chemical properties with regards to drug loading and release efficiency, targeted delivery, and site-specific binding capacity by surface functionalization. The limitations, as well as the future scope to develop them as potential drug delivery vehicles and imaging agents, in the overall therapeutic management, are discussed.
Collapse
|
9
|
Lindner GG, Drexel CP, Sälzer K, Schuster TB, Krueger N. Comparison of Biogenic Amorphous Silicas Found in Common Horsetail and Oat Husk With Synthetic Amorphous Silicas. Front Public Health 2022; 10:909196. [PMID: 35812489 PMCID: PMC9257020 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.909196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study summarizes the current literature on the presence and the structure of biogenic amorphous silica (BAS) in nature. Based on this review, it is shown that BAS is ubiquitous in nature and exhibits a structure that cannot be differentiated from the structure of synthetic amorphous silica (SAS). The structural similarity of BAS and SAS is further supported by our investigations—in particular, specific surface area (BET) and electron microscope techniques—on oat husk and common horsetail. Many food products containing BAS are considered to be beneficial to health. In the context of the use of SAS in specific applications (e.g., food, feed, and cosmetics), this is of particular interest for discussions of the safety of these uses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katrin Sälzer
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Smart Materials, Hanau, Germany
| | | | - Nils Krueger
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Smart Materials, Hanau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Saoud HAA, Sprynskyy M, Pashaei R, Kawalec M, Pomastowski P, Buszewski B. Diatom biosilica: Source, Physical-chemical characterization, modification, and application. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3362-3376. [PMID: 35652201 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Growing research interest in the use of diatomaceous biosilica results from its unique properties, such as chemical inertness, biocompatibility, high mechanical and thermal stability, low thermal conductivity, homogeneous porous structure with a large specific surface. Unlike the production of synthetic silica materials with a micro- or nano-scale structure in an expensive conventional manufacturing process, diatomaceous biosilica can be produced in huge quantities without significant expenditure of energy and materials. This fact makes it an unlimited, easily accessible, natural, inexpensive, and renewable material. Moreover, the production of bio-silica is extremely environmentally friendly, as there is essentially no toxic waste, and the process does not require more energy compared to the production of synthetic silica-based materials. For all these reasons, diatoms are an intriguing alternative to synthetic materials in developing cheap biomaterials used in a different branch of industry. In review has been reported the state-of-art of biosilica materials, their characteristics approaches, and possible way of application. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussam A Al Saoud
- Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of mechanical engineering, Department of Materials Engineering and Production, Wiejska 45C, Bialystok, 15-351, Poland.,Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, Torun, 87-100, Poland
| | - Myroslav Sprynskyy
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, Torun, 87-100, Poland
| | - Reza Pashaei
- Marine Research Institute of Klaipeda University, H. Manto 84, Klaipeda, LT-9229, Lithuania
| | - Michał Kawalec
- Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of mechanical engineering, Department of Materials Engineering and Production, Wiejska 45C, Bialystok, 15-351, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, Toruń, 87-100, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, Torun, 87-100, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, Toruń, 87-100, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gökırmak Söğüt E. Effect of Chemical and Thermal Treatment Priority on Physicochemical Properties and Removal of Crystal Violet Dye from Aqueous Solution. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
12
|
Dawiec-Liśniewska A, Podstawczyk D, Bastrzyk A, Czuba K, Pacyna-Iwanicka K, Okoro OV, Shavandi A. aNew trends in biotechnological applications of photosynthetic microorganisms. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107988. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
13
|
Khan MJ, Rai A, Ahirwar A, Sirotiya V, Mourya M, Mishra S, Schoefs B, Marchand J, Bhatia SK, Varjani S, Vinayak V. Diatom microalgae as smart nanocontainers for biosensing wastewater pollutants: recent trends and innovations. Bioengineered 2021; 12:9531-9549. [PMID: 34709977 PMCID: PMC8810035 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1996748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have been recognized as one of the most efficient microorganisms to remediate industrial effluents. Among microalgae diatoms are silica shelled unicellular eukaryotes, found in all types of water bodies and flourish very well even in wastewater. They have their silica cell wall made up of nano arrayed pores arranged in a uniform fashion. Therefore, they act as smart nanocontainers to adsorb various trace metals, dyes, polymers, and drugs which are hazardous to human as well to aquatic life. The beautiful nanoarchitecture in diatoms allows them to easily bind to ligands of choice to form a nanocomposite structure with the pollutants which can be a chemical or biological component. Such naturally available diatom nanomaterials are economical and highly sensitive compared to manmade artificial silica nanomaterials to help in facile removal of the toxic pollutants from wastewater. This review is thus focused on employing diatoms to remediate various pollutants such as heavy metals, dyes, hydrocarbons detected in the wastewater. It also includes different microalgae as biosensors for determination of pollutants in effluents and the perspectives for nanotechnological applications in the field of remediating pollutants through microalgae. The review also discusses in length the hurdles and perspectives of employing microalgae in wastewater remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Jahir Khan
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
| | - Anshuman Rai
- School of Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Mmu, Deemed University, Ambala,India
| | - Ankesh Ahirwar
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Microalgal Metabolism and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
| | - Vandana Sirotiya
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
| | - Megha Mourya
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
| | - Sudhanshu Mishra
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
| | - Benoit Schoefs
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Microalgal Metabolism and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
| | - Justine Marchand
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Microalgal Metabolism and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
| | | | - Sunita Varjani
- Paryavaran Bhavan, Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Vandana Vinayak
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Reid A, Buchanan F, Julius M, Walsh PJ. A review on diatom biosilicification and their adaptive ability to uptake other metals into their frustules for potential application in bone repair. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6728-6737. [PMID: 34346480 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00322d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diatoms are unicellular eukaryotic algae that have a distinctive siliceous cell wall (frustule) with unique architectures. The nanotopography of the frustule is perfectly replicated between generations, offering a source of highly intricate and identical silica microparticles. In recent years, the ability to alter their cell wall chemistry both in terms of functionalisation with organic moieties or by incorporation of the metal ions in their frustules has increased interest in their utility for catalysis technologies, and semiconductor and biomedical applications. Herein we review the fundamental biological mechanisms in which diatoms produce their frustule and their ability to substitute different metal ions in their frustule fabrication process. The review focuses on the potential of diatom frustules as a naturally derived biomaterial in bone tissue engineering applications and how their cell walls, comprising biogenic silica, could either partially or fully incorporate other bone therapeutic metal ions, e.g., titanium or calcium, into their frustule. The use of diatom frustules in bone repair also potentially offers a 'greener', more environmentally friendly, biomaterial as they can naturally synthesise oxides of silicon and other metals into their frustules under ambient conditions at a relatively neutral pH. This process would negate the use of harsh organic chemicals and high-temperature processing conditions, often used in the fabrication of silica based biomaterials, e.g., bioactive glass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Reid
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Belfast, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hamano R, Shoumura S, Takeda Y, Yamazaki T, Hirayama K, Hanada Y, Mayama S, Takemura M, Lin HJ, Umemura K. Sinking of Four Species of Living Diatom Cells Directly Observed by a "Tumbled" Optical Microscope. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:1-7. [PMID: 34294188 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621012150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study of the sinking phenomenon of diatom cells, which have a slightly larger specific gravity (~1.3) compared to that of water, is an important research topic for understanding photosynthetic efficiency. In this study, we successfully demonstrated the observation of the sinking behaviors of four different species of diatom using a homemade “tumbled” optical microscope. A homemade 1 mm3 microchamber was employed to decrease the effects of convection currents. In the microchamber, diatom cells were basically settled in a linear manner without floating, although some of the cells were rotated during their sinking. Sinking speeds of the four species of diatom cells, Nitzschia sp., Pheodactylum tricornutum, Navicula sp., and Odontella aurita, were 0.81 ± 5.56, 3.03 ± 10.17, 3.29 ± 7.39, and 11.22 ± 21.42 μm/s, respectively, based on the automatic tracking analysis of the centroids of each cell. Manual analysis of a vector between two longitudinal ends of the cells (two-point analysis) was effective for quantitatively characterizing the rotation phenomenon; therefore, angles and angular velocities of rotating cells were well determined as a function of time. The effects of the cell shapes on sinking velocity could be explained by simulation analysis using the modified Stokes’ law proposed by Miklasz et al.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hamano
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo162-8601, Japan
| | - Shingo Shoumura
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuto Takeda
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo162-8601, Japan
| | - Tokio Yamazaki
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo162-8601, Japan
| | - Kota Hirayama
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo162-8601, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Hanada
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori036-8561, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mayama
- Advanced Support Center for Science Teachers, Tokyo Gakugei University, 4-1-1 Nukui-kita-machi, Koganei, Tokyo184-8511, Japan
| | - Masaharu Takemura
- Laboratory of Biology, Institute of Arts and Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo162-8601, Japan
| | - Han-Jia Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung20224, Taiwan
| | - Kazuo Umemura
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo162-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Luo Y, Li S, Shen K, Song Y, Zhang J, Su W, Yang X. Study on the Hemostasis Characteristics of Biomaterial Frustules Obtained from Diatom Navicula australoshetlandica sp. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14133752. [PMID: 34279325 PMCID: PMC8269914 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diatoms, known as photosynthetic unicellular algae, can produce natural biosilica frustules that exhibit great biocompatibility, superhydrophilicity, and superhemophilicity. In our study, the diatom Navicula australoshetlandica sp. was isolated from aquaculture wastewater and pretreated to obtain frustules so as to explore their hemostasis characteristics. A special “porous web” (6–8 nm) substructure in the ordered nanopores (165–350 nm) of boat-shaped diatom frustule was observed in Navicula australoshetlandica sp. using SEM and TEM analysis. Moreover, X-ray, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, and BET analysis showed that the diatom frustule is a mesoporous material with a surface area of 401.45 m2 g−1 amorphous silica. FTIR analysis showed that Navicula australoshetlandica sp. frustules possessed abundant OH functional groups. A low hemolysis ratio was observed for 1–5 mg mL−1 diatom frustules that did not exceed 1.55 ± 0.06%, which indicates favorable hemocompatibility. The diatom frustules exhibited the shortest clotting time (134.99 ± 7.00 s) with a hemostasis material/blood (mg/μL) ratio of 1:100, which is 1.83 times (112.32 s) shorter than that of chitosan. The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of diatom frustule was also 44.53 s shorter than the control. Our results demonstrate the potential of Navicula australoshetlandica sp. diatom frustules to be used as medical hemostasis material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Luo
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.); (K.S.); (Y.S.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shuangfei Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.); (K.S.); (Y.S.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Kun Shen
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.); (K.S.); (Y.S.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yingjie Song
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.); (K.S.); (Y.S.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhang
- Shenzhen Jawkai Bioengineering R & D Center Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518120, China;
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Xuewei Yang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.L.); (S.L.); (K.S.); (Y.S.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-185-65693989
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rabiee N, Khatami M, Jamalipour Soufi G, Fatahi Y, Iravani S, Varma RS. Diatoms with Invaluable Applications in Nanotechnology, Biotechnology, and Biomedicine: Recent Advances. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3053-3068. [PMID: 34152742 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diatoms are unicellular microalga found in soil and almost every aquatic environment (marine and fresh water). Biogenic silica and diatoms are attractive for biotechnological and industrial applications, especially in the field of biomedicine, industrial/synthetic manufacturing processes, and biomedical/pharmaceutical sciences. Deposition of silica by diatoms allows them to create micro- or nanoscale structures which may be utilized in nanomedicine and especially in drug/gene delivery. Diatoms with their unique architectures, good thermal stability, suitable surface area, simple chemical functionalization/modification procedures, ease of genetic manipulations, optical/photonic characteristics, mechanical resistance, and eco-friendliness, can be utilized as smart delivery platforms. The micro- to nanoscale properties of the diatom frustules have garnered a great deal of attention for their application in diverse areas of nanotechnology and biotechnology, such as bioimaging/biosensing, biosensors, drug/gene delivery, photodynamic therapy, microfluidics, biophotonics, solar cells, and molecular filtrations. Additionally, the genetically engineered diatom microalgae-derived nanoporous biosilica have enabled the targeted anticancer drug delivery to neuroblastoma and B-lymphoma cells as well as the mouse xenograft model of neuroblastoma. In this perspective, current trends and recent advances related to the applications of diatoms for the synthesis of nanoparticles, gene/drug delivery, biosensing determinations, biofuel production, and remediation of heavy metals are deliberated, including the underlying significant challenges and future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Khatami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.,Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Comprehensive Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Phogat S, Saxena A, Kapoor N, Aggarwal C, Tiwari A. Diatom mediated smart drug delivery system. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
19
|
Mini-Review: Potential of Diatom-Derived Silica for Biomedical Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11104533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diatoms are unicellular eukaryotic microalgae widely distributed in aquatic environments, possessing a porous silica cell wall known as frustule. Diatom frustules are considered as a sustainable source for several industrial applications because of their high biocompatibility and the easiness of surface functionalisation, which make frustules suitable for regenerative medicine and as drug carriers. Frustules are made of hydrated silica, and can be extracted and purified both from living and fossil diatoms using acid treatments or high temperatures. Biosilica frustules have proved to be suitable for biomedical applications, but, unfortunately, they are not officially recognised as safe by governmental food and medical agencies yet. In the present review, we highlight the frustule formation process, the most common purification techniques, as well as advantages and bottlenecks related to the employment of diatom-derived silica for medical purposes, suggesting possible solutions for a large-scale biosilica production.
Collapse
|
20
|
Mesoporous Silica-Bioglass Composite Pellets as Bone Drug Delivery System with Mineralization Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094708. [PMID: 33946793 PMCID: PMC8124432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, local bone drug delivery systems have been investigated in terms of their application in regenerative medicine. Among them, inorganic polymers based on amorphous silica have been widely explored. In this work, we combined two types of amorphous silica: bioglass and doxycycline-loaded mesoporous silica MCM-41 into the form of spherical granules (pellets) as a bifunctional bone drug delivery system. Both types of silica were obtained in a sol-gel method. The drug adsorption onto the MCM-41 was performed via adsorption from concentrated doxycycline hydrochloride solution. Pellets were obtained on a laboratory scale using the wet granulation-extrusion-spheronization method and investigated in terms of physical properties, drug release, antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, mineralization properties in simulated body fluid, and cytotoxicity towards human osteoblasts. The obtained pellets were characterized by satisfactory mechanical properties which eliminated the risk of pellets cracking during further investigations. The biphasic drug release from pellets was observed: burst stage (44% of adsorbed drug released within the first day) followed by prolonged release with zero-order kinetics (estimated time of complete drug release was 19 days) with maintained antimicrobial activity. The progressive biomimetic apatite formation on the surface of the pellets was observed. No cytotoxic effect of pellets towards human osteoblasts was noticed.
Collapse
|
21
|
Shafiei N, Nasrollahzadeh M, Iravani S. Green Synthesis of Silica and Silicon Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical and Catalytic Applications. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2021.1904912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Shafiei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Miranda B, Rea I, Dardano P, De Stefano L, Forestiere C. Recent Advances in the Fabrication and Functionalization of Flexible Optical Biosensors: Toward Smart Life-Sciences Applications. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11040107. [PMID: 33916580 PMCID: PMC8066870 DOI: 10.3390/bios11040107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, optical biosensors based on nanostructured materials have obtained increasing interest since they allow the screening of a wide variety of biomolecules with high specificity, low limits of detection, and great sensitivity. Among them, flexible optical platforms have the advantage of adapting to non-planar surfaces, suitable for in vivo and real-time monitoring of diseases and assessment of food safety. In this review, we summarize the newest and most advanced platforms coupling optically active materials (noble metal nanoparticles) and flexible substrates giving rise to hybrid nanomaterials and/or nanocomposites, whose performances are comparable to the ones obtained with hard substrates (e.g., glass and semiconductors). We focus on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based biosensors. We show that large-scale, cost-effective plasmonic platforms can be realized with the currently available techniques and we emphasize the open issues associated with this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Miranda
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Unit of Naples, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (B.M.); (I.R.); (P.D.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Rea
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Unit of Naples, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (B.M.); (I.R.); (P.D.)
| | - Principia Dardano
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Unit of Naples, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (B.M.); (I.R.); (P.D.)
| | - Luca De Stefano
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Unit of Naples, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (B.M.); (I.R.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Carlo Forestiere
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Moretta R, De Stefano L, Terracciano M, Rea I. Porous Silicon Optical Devices: Recent Advances in Biosensing Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:1336. [PMID: 33668616 PMCID: PMC7917735 DOI: 10.3390/s21041336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the leading advancements in porous silicon (PSi) optical-biosensors, achieved over the past five years. The cost-effective fabrication process, the high internal surface area, the tunable pore size, and the photonic properties made the PSi an appealing transducing substrate for biosensing purposes, with applications in different research fields. Different optical PSi biosensors are reviewed and classified into four classes, based on the different biorecognition elements immobilized on the surface of the transducing material. The PL signal modulation and the effective refractive index changes of the porous matrix are the main optical transduction mechanisms discussed herein. The approaches that are commonly employed to chemically stabilize and functionalize the PSi surface are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Moretta
- National Research Council, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Unit of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.M.); (L.D.S.); (I.R.)
| | - Luca De Stefano
- National Research Council, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Unit of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.M.); (L.D.S.); (I.R.)
| | - Monica Terracciano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rea
- National Research Council, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Unit of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.M.); (L.D.S.); (I.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tang Y, Zhang Z, Yang S, Smith GJ, Liu L. Diatomite encapsulated AgNPs as novel hair dye cosmetics: Preparation, performance, and toxicity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 200:111599. [PMID: 33571866 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Naturally-occurring diatomite has been successfully utilised as a unique encapsulating material to obtain a highly dispersed suspension of uniformly-sized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Plant derived gallic acid was used as the reducing and capping agent. High-resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopy results confirmed the attachment of AgNPs on the surface of diatom frustule and maintained an excellent dispersion stability against particle aggregation. The AgNPs obtained were employed for the colouration of bleached human hair owing to the local surface plasmonic absorption (LSPR) of the AgNPs. The effects of Ag/diatomite concentration, dyeing pH, temperature and time on the produced colour were investigated. Hair fibres treated under optimised conditions display good colour fastness toward solar radiation. The morphology and chemical composition of AgNP-dyed hair were determined by energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. The biocompatibility of the Ag/diatomite composite, AgNPs, and the dyebaths were confirmed by in vitro acute dermal and ocular toxicity tests. The diatomite supporting AgNPs therefore hold good promise and enormous potential to be exploited for sustainable dyeing of human hair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China; Department of Cosmetics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Zhaolun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China; Department of Cosmetics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Shuyan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China; Department of Cosmetics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Gerald J Smith
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Lei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China; Department of Cosmetics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nanostructured Biosilica of Diatoms: From Water World to Biomedical Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10196811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diatoms—unicellular photosynthetic algae—are promising natural sources of nanostructured silica. These microorganisms produce in their membrane approximately a highly ordered porous cell wall called a frustule as protection from environmental stress. Diatom frustules consist of hydrated silica that show peculiar properties including biocompatibility, tailorable surface chemistry, chemical inertness, and thermal stability. Frustules harvested from aquatic ecosystems or diatomaceous fossil sediments represent an excellent cost-effective source of biosilica for a broad range of biomedical applications. The porous ultrastructure of the frustules displays a large surface area available for coating with various biomolecules through different functionalization methods. In this review article, we highlight the main features of diatom biosilica and present some of the most advantageous properties that support the employment of frustules in the field of drug delivery, biosensing, and regenerative medicine. In particular, it is offered an insight into the most common functionalization strategies through which diatom physicochemical properties can be modified and tailored according to the described field of application.
Collapse
|
26
|
Nemoto M, Iwaki S, Moriya H, Monden Y, Tamura T, Inagaki K, Mayama S, Obuse K. Comparative Gene Analysis Focused on Silica Cell Wall Formation: Identification of Diatom-Specific SET Domain Protein Methyltransferases. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:551-563. [PMID: 32488507 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-09976-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silica cell walls of diatoms have attracted attention as a source of nanostructured functional materials and have immense potential for a variety of applications. Previous studies of silica cell wall formation have identified numerous involved proteins, but most of these proteins are species-specific and are not conserved among diatoms. However, because the basic process of diatom cell wall formation is common to all diatom species, ubiquitous proteins and molecules will reveal the mechanisms of cell wall formation. In this study, we assembled de novo transcriptomes of three diatom species, Nitzschia palea, Achnanthes kuwaitensis, and Pseudoleyanella lunata, and compared protein-coding genes of five genome-sequenced diatom species. These analyses revealed a number of diatom-specific genes that encode putative endoplasmic reticulum-targeting proteins. Significant numbers of these proteins showed homology to silicanin-1, which is a conserved diatom protein that reportedly contributes to cell wall formation. These proteins also included a previously unrecognized SET domain protein methyltransferase family that may regulate functions of cell wall formation-related proteins and long-chain polyamines. Proteomic analysis of cell wall-associated proteins in N. palea identified a protein that is also encoded by one of the diatom-specific genes. Expression analysis showed that candidate genes were upregulated in response to silicon, suggesting that these genes play roles in silica cell wall formation. These candidate genes can facilitate further investigations of silica cell wall formation in diatoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Nemoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Sayako Iwaki
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hisao Moriya
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yuki Monden
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takashi Tamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kenji Inagaki
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mayama
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, 184-8511, Japan
| | - Kiori Obuse
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Brzozowska W, Sprynskyy M, Wojtczak I, Dąbek P, Witkowski A, Buszewski B. "Outsourcing" Diatoms in Fabrication of Metal-Doped 3D Biosilica. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2576. [PMID: 32516920 PMCID: PMC7321626 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diatoms have an ability that is unique among the unicellular photoautotrophic organisms to synthesize an intricately ornamented siliceous (biosilica) exoskeleton with an ordered, hierarchical, three-dimensional structure on a micro- to nanoscale. The unique morphological, structural, mechanical, transport, photonic, and optoelectronic properties of diatomaceous biosilica make it a desirable material for modern technologies. This review presents a summary and discussion of published research on the metabolic insertion of chemical elements with specific functional activity into diatomaceous biosilica. Included in the review is research on innovation in methods of synthesis of a new generation of functional siliceous materials, where the synthesis process is "outsourced" to intelligent microorganisms, referred to here as microtechnologists, by providing them with appropriate conditions and reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Brzozowska
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland; (W.B.); (P.D.); (A.W.)
| | - Myroslav Sprynskyy
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (I.W.); (B.B.)
| | - Izabela Wojtczak
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (I.W.); (B.B.)
| | - Przemysław Dąbek
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland; (W.B.); (P.D.); (A.W.)
| | - Andrzej Witkowski
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland; (W.B.); (P.D.); (A.W.)
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (I.W.); (B.B.)
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Delasoie J, Schiel P, Vojnovic S, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Zobi F. Photoactivatable Surface-Functionalized Diatom Microalgae for Colorectal Cancer Targeted Delivery and Enhanced Cytotoxicity of Anticancer Complexes. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E480. [PMID: 32466116 PMCID: PMC7285135 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic toxicity and severe side effects are commonly associated with anticancer chemotherapies. New strategies based on enhanced drug selectivity and targeted delivery to cancer cells while leaving healthy tissue undamaged can reduce the global patient burden. Herein, we report the design, synthesis and characterization of a bio-inspired hybrid multifunctional drug delivery system based on diatom microalgae. The microalgae's surface was chemically functionalized with hybrid vitamin B12-photoactivatable molecules and the materials further loaded with highly active rhenium(I) tricarbonyl anticancer complexes. The constructs showed enhanced adherence to colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and slow release of the chemotherapeutic drugs. The overall toxicity of the hybrid multifunctional drug delivery system was further enhanced by photoactivation of the microalgae surface. Depending on the construct and anticancer drug, a 2-fold increase in the cytotoxic efficacy of the drug was observed upon light irradiation. The use of this targeted drug delivery strategy, together with selective spatial-temporal light activation, may lead to lower effective concentration of anticancer drugs, thereby reducing medication doses, possible side effects and overall burden for the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Delasoie
- Department of Chemistry, Fribourg University, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (J.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Philippe Schiel
- Department of Chemistry, Fribourg University, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (J.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Sandra Vojnovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.V.); (J.N.-R.)
| | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.V.); (J.N.-R.)
| | - Fabio Zobi
- Department of Chemistry, Fribourg University, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (J.D.); (P.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Singh R, Khan MJ, Rane J, Gajbhiye A, Vinayak V, Joshi KB. Biofabrication of Diatom Surface by Tyrosine‐Metal Complexes:Smart Microcontainers to Inhibit Bacterial Growth. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Singh
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Chemical Science and TechnologyDr. Harisingh Gour Central University Sagar MP 470003 India
| | - Mohd Jahir Khan
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Lab (DNM)School of Applied SciencesDr. Harisingh Gour Central University Sagar MP 470003 India
| | - Jagdish Rane
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesDr. Harisingh Gour Central University Sagar MP 470003 India
| | - Ashmita Gajbhiye
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesDr. Harisingh Gour Central University Sagar MP 470003 India
| | - Vandana Vinayak
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Lab (DNM)School of Applied SciencesDr. Harisingh Gour Central University Sagar MP 470003 India
| | - Khashti Ballabh Joshi
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Chemical Science and TechnologyDr. Harisingh Gour Central University Sagar MP 470003 India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ford NR, Xiong Y, Hecht KA, Squier TC, Rorrer GL, Roesijadi G. Optimizing the Design of Diatom Biosilica-Targeted Fusion Proteins in Biosensor Construction for Bacillus anthracis Detection. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9010014. [PMID: 31936120 PMCID: PMC7168173 DOI: 10.3390/biology9010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In vivo functionalization of diatom biosilica frustules by genetic manipulation requires careful consideration of the overall structure and function of complex fusion proteins. Although we previously had transformed Thalassiosira pseudonana with constructs containing a single domain antibody (sdAb) raised against the Bacillus anthracis Sterne strain, which detected an epitope of the surface layer protein EA1 accessible in lysed spores, we initially were unsuccessful with constructs encoding a similar sdAb that detected an epitope of EA1 accessible in intact spores and vegetative cells. This discrepancy limited the usefulness of the system as an environmental biosensor for B. anthracis. We surmised that to create functional biosilica-localized biosensors with certain constructs, the biosilica targeting and protein trafficking functions of the biosilica-targeting peptide Sil3T8 had to be uncoupled. We found that retaining the ER trafficking sequence at the N-terminus and relocating the Sil3T8 targeting peptide to the C-terminus of the fusion protein resulted in successful detection of EA1 with both sdAbs. Homology modeling of antigen binding by the two sdAbs supported the hypothesis that the rescue of antigen binding in the previously dysfunctional sdAb was due to removal of steric hindrances between the antigen binding loops and the diatom biosilica for that particular sdAb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R. Ford
- Marine Biotechnology Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, WA 98382, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Yijia Xiong
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA
| | - Karen A. Hecht
- Marine Biotechnology Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, WA 98382, USA
| | - Thomas C. Squier
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA
| | - Gregory L. Rorrer
- School of Chemical Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Guritno Roesijadi
- Marine Biotechnology Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, WA 98382, USA
- School of Chemical Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shoumura S, Hamano R, Hanada Y, Mayama S, Umemura K. Single cell analysis of sinking diatoms studied using a homemade ‘tumbled’ optical microscope system. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 168:105804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
32
|
Grasso G, Zane D, Dragone R. Microbial Nanotechnology: Challenges and Prospects for Green Biocatalytic Synthesis of Nanoscale Materials for Sensoristic and Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 10:E11. [PMID: 31861471 PMCID: PMC7023511 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are increasingly being used in new products and devices with a great impact on different fields from sensoristics to biomedicine. Biosynthesis of nanomaterials by microorganisms is recently attracting interest as a new, exciting approach towards the development of 'greener' nanomanufacturing compared to traditional chemical and physical approaches. This review provides an insight about microbial biosynthesis of nanomaterials by bacteria, yeast, molds, and microalgae for the manufacturing of sensoristic devices and therapeutic/diagnostic applications. The last ten-year literature was selected, focusing on scientific works where aspects like biosynthesis features, characterization, and applications have been described. The knowledge, challenges, and potentiality of microbial-mediated biosynthesis was also described. Bacteria and microalgae are the main microorganism used for nanobiosynthesis, principally for biomedical applications. Some bacteria and microalgae have showed the ability to synthetize unique nanostructures: bacterial nanocellulose, exopolysaccharides, bacterial nanowires, and biomineralized nanoscale materials (magnetosomes, frustules, and coccoliths). Yeasts and molds are characterized by extracellular synthesis, advantageous for possible reuse of cell cultures and reduced purification processes of nanomaterials. The intrinsic variability of the microbiological systems requires a greater protocols standardization to obtain nanomaterials with increasingly uniform and reproducible chemical-physical characteristics. A deeper knowledge about biosynthetic pathways and the opportunities from genetic engineering are stimulating the research towards a breakthrough development of microbial-based nanosynthesis for the future scaling-up and possible industrial exploitation of these promising 'nanofactories'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Grasso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, ‘Sapienza’ Università di Roma, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy (R.D.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rea I, De Stefano L. Recent Advances on Diatom-Based Biosensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E5208. [PMID: 31795066 PMCID: PMC6929068 DOI: 10.3390/s19235208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Porous materials showing some useful transducing features, i.e., any changes in their physical or chemical properties as a consequence of molecular interaction, are very attractive in the realization of sensors and biosensors. Diatom frustules have been gaining support for biosensors since they are made of nanostructured amorphous silica, but do not require any nano-fabrication step; their surface can be easily functionalized and customized for specific application; diatom frustules are photoluminescent, and they can be found in almost every pond of water on the Earth, thus assuring large and low-cost availability. In this review, the most recent advances in diatom-based biosensors are reported, and a perspective view on future developments is given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca De Stefano
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Delasoie J, Zobi F. Natural Diatom Biosilica as Microshuttles in Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E537. [PMID: 31618958 PMCID: PMC6835591 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unicellular diatom microalgae are a promising natural resource of porous biosilica. These microorganisms produce around their membrane a highly porous and extremely structured silica shell called frustule. Once harvested from living algae or from fossil sediments of diatomaceous earth, this biocompatible and non-toxic material offers an exceptional potential in the field of micro/nano-devices, drug delivery, theranostics, and other medical applications. The present review focused on the use of diatoms in the field of drug delivery systems, with the aim of presenting the different strategies implemented to improve the biophysical properties of this biosilica in terms of drug loading and release efficiency, targeted delivery, or site-specific binding capacity by surface functionalization. The development of composite materials involving diatoms for drug delivery applications is also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Delasoie
- Department of Chemistry, Fribourg University, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Fabio Zobi
- Department of Chemistry, Fribourg University, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sullivan T. Cell Shape and Surface Colonisation in the Diatom Genus Cocconeis-An Opportunity to Explore Bio-Inspired Shape Packing? Biomimetics (Basel) 2019; 4:biomimetics4020029. [PMID: 31105214 PMCID: PMC6631470 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics4020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal packing of 2 and 3-D shapes in confined spaces has long been of practical and theoretical interest, particularly as it has been discovered that rotatable ellipses (or ellipsoids in the 3-D case) can, for example, have higher packing densities than disks (or spheres in the 3-D case). Benthic diatoms, particularly those of the genus Cocconeis (Ehr.)-which are widely regarded as prolific colonisers of immersed surfaces-often have a flattened (adnate) cell shape and an approximately elliptical outline or "footprint" that allows them to closely contact the substratum. Adoption of this shape may give these cells a number of advantages as they colonise surfaces, such as a higher packing fraction for colonies on a surface for more efficient use of limited space, or an increased contact between individual cells when cell abundances are high, enabling the cells to minimize energy use and maximize packing (and biofilm) stability on a surface. Here, the outline shapes of individual diatom cells are measured using scanning electron and epifluorescence microscopy to discover if the average cell shape compares favourably with those predicted by theoretical modelling of efficient 2-D ellipse packing. It is found that the aspect ratio of measured cells in close association in a biofilm-which are broadly elliptical in shape-do indeed fall within the range theoretically predicted for optimal packing, but that the shape of individual diatoms also differ subtly from that of a true ellipse. The significance of these differences for optimal packing of 2-D shapes on surfaces is not understood at present, but may represent an opportunity to further explore bio-inspired design shapes for the optimal packing of shapes on surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Sullivan
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Distillery Fields, North Mall Campus, University College Cork, T23 N73K Cork, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|