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Sethi G, Varghese RP, Lakra AK, Nayak SS, Krishna R, Hwang JH. Immunoinformatics and structural aided approach to develop multi-epitope based subunit vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15923. [PMID: 38987613 PMCID: PMC11237054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66858-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a highly contagious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which is one of the prominent reasons for the death of millions worldwide. The bacterium has a substantially higher mortality rate than other bacterial diseases, and the rapid rise of drug-resistant strains only makes the situation more concerning. Currently, the only licensed vaccine BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) is ineffective in preventing adult pulmonary tuberculosis prophylaxis and latent tuberculosis re-activation. Therefore, there is a pressing need to find novel and safe vaccines that provide robust immune defense and have various applications. Vaccines that combine epitopes from multiple candidate proteins have been shown to boost immunity against Mtb infection. This study applies an immunoinformatic strategy to generate an adequate multi-epitope immunization against Mtb employing five antigenic proteins. Potential B-cell, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, and helper T lymphocyte epitopes were speculated from the intended proteins and coupled with 50 s ribosomal L7/L12 adjuvant, and the vaccine was constructed. The vaccine's physicochemical profile demonstrates antigenic, soluble, and non-allergic. In the meantime, docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and essential dynamics analysis revealed that the multi-epitope vaccine structure interacted strongly with Toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR3). MM-PBSA analysis was performed to ascertain the system's intermolecular binding free energies accurately. The immune simulation was applied to the vaccine to forecast its immunogenic profile. Finally, in silico cloning was used to validate the vaccine's efficacy. The immunoinformatics analysis suggests the multi-epitope vaccine could induce specific immune responses, making it a potential candidate against Mtb. However, validation through the in-vivo study of the developed vaccine is essential to assess its efficacy and immunogenicity profile, which will assure active protection against Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guneswar Sethi
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Animal Model Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak 1-gil, Jeonguep, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Avinash Kant Lakra
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | | | - Ramadas Krishna
- Department of Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India.
| | - Jeong Ho Hwang
- Animal Model Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak 1-gil, Jeonguep, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea.
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Veerapandian R, Gadad SS, Jagannath C, Dhandayuthapani S. Live Attenuated Vaccines against Tuberculosis: Targeting the Disruption of Genes Encoding the Secretory Proteins of Mycobacteria. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:530. [PMID: 38793781 PMCID: PMC11126151 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a chronic infectious disease affecting humans, causes over 1.3 million deaths per year throughout the world. The current preventive vaccine BCG provides protection against childhood TB, but it fails to protect against pulmonary TB. Multiple candidates have been evaluated to either replace or boost the efficacy of the BCG vaccine, including subunit protein, DNA, virus vector-based vaccines, etc., most of which provide only short-term immunity. Several live attenuated vaccines derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and BCG have also been developed to induce long-term immunity. Since Mtb mediates its virulence through multiple secreted proteins, these proteins have been targeted to produce attenuated but immunogenic vaccines. In this review, we discuss the characteristics and prospects of live attenuated vaccines generated by targeting the disruption of the genes encoding secretory mycobacterial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Veerapandian
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Shrikanth S. Gadad
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute & Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Subramanian Dhandayuthapani
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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Wang R, Fan X, Jiang Y, Li G, Li M, Zhao X, Luan X, Deng Y, Chen Z, Liu H, Wan K. Immunogenicity and efficacy analyses of EPC002, ECA006, and EPCP009 protein subunit combinations as tuberculosis vaccine candidates. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00385-7. [PMID: 37225573 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide, and developing a new TB vaccine is a priority for TB control. Combining multiple immunodominant antigens to form a novel multicomponent vaccine with broad-spectrum antigens to induce protective immune responses is a trend in TB vaccine development. In this study, we used T-cell epitope-rich protein subunits to construct three antigenic combinations: EPC002, ECA006, and EPCP009. Fusion expression of purified protein EPC002f (CFP-10-linker-ESAT-6-linker-nPPE18), ECA006f (CFP-10-linker-ESAT-6-linker-Ag85B), and EPCP009f (CFP-10-linker-ESAT-6-linker-nPPE18-linker-nPstS1) and recombinant purified protein mixtures EPC002m (mix of CFP-10, ESAT-6, and nPPE18), ECA006m (mix of CFP-10, ESAT-6, and Ag85B), and EPCP009m (mix of CFP-10, ESAT-6, nPPE18, and nPstS1) were used as antigens, formulated with alum adjuvant, and the immunogenicity and efficacy were analyzed using immunity experiments with BALB/c mice. All protein-immunized groups elicited higher levels of humoral immunity, including IgG and IgG1. The IgG2a/IgG1 ratio of the EPCP009m-immunized group was the highest, followed by that of the EPCP009f-immunized group, which was significantly higher than the ratios of the other four groups. The multiplex microsphere-based cytokine immunoassay revealed that EPCP009f and EPCP009m induced the production of a wider range of cytokines than EPC002f, EPC002m, ECA006f, and ECA006m, which included Th1-type (IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α), Th2-type (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10), Th17-type (IL-17), and other proinflammatory cytokines (GM-CSF, IL-12). The enzyme-linked immunospot assays demonstrated that the EPCP009f- and EPCP009m-immunized groups had significantly higher amounts of IFN-γ than the other four groups. The in vitro mycobacterial growth inhibition assay demonstrated that EPCP009m inhibited Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth most strongly, followed by EPCP009f, which was significantly better than that of the other four vaccine candidates. These results indicated that EPCP009m containing four immunodominant antigens exhibited better immunogenicity and Mtb growth inhibition in vitro and may be a promising candidate vaccine for the control of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xueting Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guilian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Machao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuli Luan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yunli Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Community Health Management Service Center, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Department of Infection Control, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haican Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Kanglin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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Ali A, Waris A, Khan MA, Asim M, Khan AU, Khan S, Zeb J. Recent advancement, immune responses, and mechanism of action of various vaccines against intracellular bacterial infections. Life Sci 2023; 314:121332. [PMID: 36584914 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging bacterial infections are a serious threat to human and animal health. Extracellular bacteria are free-living, while facultative intracellular bacteria replicate inside eukaryotic host cells. Many serious human illnesses are now known to be caused by intracellular bacteria such as Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Rickettsia massiliae, Chlamydia species, Brucella abortus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Listeria monocytogenes, which result in substantial morbidity and mortality. Pathogens like Mycobacterium, Brucella, MRSA, Shigella, Listeria, and Salmonella can infiltrate and persist in mammalian host cells, particularly macrophages, where they proliferate and establish a repository, resulting in chronic and recurrent infections. The current treatment for these bacteria involves the application of narrow-spectrum antibiotics. FDA-approved vaccines against obligate intracellular bacterial infections are lacking. The development of vaccines against intracellular pathogenic bacteria are more difficult because host defense against these bacteria requires the activation of the cell-mediated pathway of the immune system, such as CD8+ T and CD4+ T. However, different types of vaccines, including live, attenuated, subunit, killed whole cell, nano-based and DNA vaccines are currently in clinical trials. Substantial development has been made in various vaccine strategies against intracellular pathogenic bacteria. This review focuses on the mechanism of intracellular bacterial infection, host immune response, and recent advancements in vaccine development strategies against various obligate intracellular bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Ali
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Waris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Khan
- Division of Life Sciences, Center for Cancer Research and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurosciences, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Muhammad Asim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Atta Ullah Khan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China
| | - Sahrish Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jehan Zeb
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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5
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Valdemar-Aguilar CM, Manisekaran R, Acosta-Torres LS, López-Marín LM. Spotlight on mycobacterial lipid exploitation using nanotechnology for diagnosis, vaccines, and treatments. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2023; 48:102653. [PMID: 36646193 PMCID: PMC9839462 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2023.102653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), historically the most significant cause of human morbidity and mortality, has returned as the top infectious disease worldwide, under circumstances worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic's devastating effects on public health. Although Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causal agent, has been known of for more than a century, the development of tools to control it has been largely neglected. With the advancement of nanotechnology, the possibility of engineering tools at the nanoscale creates unique opportunities to exploit any molecular type. However, little attention has been paid to one of the major attributes of the pathogen, represented by the atypical coat and its abundant lipids. In this review, an overview of the lipids encountered in M. tuberculosis and interest in exploiting them for the development of TB control tools are presented. Then, the amalgamation of nanotechnology with mycobacterial lipids from both reported and future works are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Valdemar-Aguilar
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, 76230 Querétaro, Mexico,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Ravichandran Manisekaran
- Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory (LII), Nanostructures and Biomaterials Area, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Predio el Saucillo y el Potrero, Comunidad de los Tepetates, 37689 León, Mexico.
| | - Laura S. Acosta-Torres
- Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory (LII), Nanostructures and Biomaterials Area, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Predio el Saucillo y el Potrero, Comunidad de los Tepetates, 37689 León, Mexico
| | - Luz M. López-Marín
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, 76230 Querétaro, Mexico,Corresponding authors
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Pirmoradi S. In-silico Designing of Immunogenic Construct Based on Peptide Epitopes Using Immuno-informatics Tools Against Tuberculosis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.30699/ijmm.16.6.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Verma N, Arora V, Awasthi R, Chan Y, Jha NK, Thapa K, Jawaid T, Kamal M, Gupta G, Liu G, Paudel KR, Hansbro PM, George Oliver BG, Singh SK, Chellappan DK, Dureja H, Dua K. Recent developments, challenges and future prospects in advanced drug delivery systems in the management of tuberculosis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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8
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Lu Y, Ning H, Kang J, Bai G, Zhou L, Kang Y, Wu Z, Tian M, Zhao J, Ma Y, Bai Y. Cyclic-di-AMP Phosphodiesterase Elicits Protective Immune Responses Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra Infection in Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:871135. [PMID: 35811674 PMCID: PMC9256937 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.871135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) have been demonstrated as strong immunogens and proved to have application potential as vaccine candidate antigens. Cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) as a bacterial second messenger regulates various bacterial processes as well as the host immune responses. Rv2837c, the c-di-AMP phosphodiesterase (CnpB), was found to be relative to virulence of M. tuberculosis and interference with host innate immune response. In this study, recombinant CnpB was administered subcutaneously to mice. We found that CnpB had strong immunogenicity and induced high levels of humoral response and lung mucosal immunity after M. tuberculosis intranasally infection. CnpB immunization stimulated splenocyte proliferation and the increasing number of activated NK cells but had little effects on Th1/Th2 cellular immune responses in spleens. However, CnpB induced significant Th1/Th2 cellular immune responses with a decreased number of T and B cells in the lungs, and significantly recruits of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after M. tuberculosis attenuated strain H37Ra infection. Besides, we first reported that CnpB could stimulate IFN-β expression transitorily and inhibit the autophagy of macrophages in vitro. In mice intranasally infection model, CnpB immunization alleviated pathological changes and reduced M. tuberculosis H37Ra loads in the lungs. Thus, our results suggested that CnpB interferes with host innate and adaptive immune responses and confers protection against M. tuberculosis respiratory infection, which should be considered in vaccine development as well as a drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huanhuan Ning
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guangchun Bai
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yali Kang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhengfeng Wu
- Student Brigade, Basic Medical School, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Maolin Tian
- Student Brigade, Basic Medical School, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Junhao Zhao
- Student Brigade, Basic Medical School, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yueyun Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yinlan Bai, ; Yueyun Ma,
| | - Yinlan Bai
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Yinlan Bai, ; Yueyun Ma,
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Khan Z, Ualiyeva D, Amissah OB, Sapkota S, Hameed HMA, Zhang T. Insight Into Novel Anti-tuberculosis Vaccines by Using Immunoinformatics Approaches. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:866873. [PMID: 35722321 PMCID: PMC9201507 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.866873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease, has been a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for decades. The causative agent of TB is the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) which can infects various parts of the body, mainly the lungs in pulmonary TB cases. Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) is the only approved vaccine for TB, but its efficiency to combat pulmonary TB is limited. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB and extensive drug-resistant (XDR) TB requires the evolution of more potent vaccines. Therefore, this research aims to generate a universal TB subunit vaccine using advanced immunoinformatics techniques. In generating a novel multiepitope subunit vaccine, we selected the conserved and experimentally confirmed antigens Rv0058, Rv0101, and Rv3343. After a rigorous evaluation, the top candidates from predicted Helper T-lymphocytes (HTL), Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL), and B-cell epitopes were considered potential vaccine candidates. Immunogenicity was enhanced by the addition of an adjuvant to the ultimate construct of the vaccine. B-cell epitopes predictions guaranteed the eventual induction of a humoral response. Thereafter, dynamics simulations and molecular docking validated the vaccine-receptor complex’s stability and high affinity for the immune receptor TLR-3. Also, immune simulations revealed the significantly elevated levels of immunoglobulins such as IgM, cytokines such as interleukin-2, helper T (Th) cells, and cytotoxic T-cell populations. These results agreed with the actual inflammatory response and showed rapid antigen clearance after manifold exposure. Finally, the E. coli K12 strain was confirmed via in-silico cloning for quality expression. Nevertheless, in vivo experiments should be performed to validate the safety of the proposed vaccine and its inherent ability to prevent TB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafran Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daniya Ualiyeva
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.,Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Obed Boadi Amissah
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sanjeep Sapkota
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - H M Adnan Hameed
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Bibi S, Ullah I, Zhu B, Adnan M, Liaqat R, Kong WB, Niu S. In silico analysis of epitope-based vaccine candidate against tuberculosis using reverse vaccinology. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1249. [PMID: 33441913 PMCID: PMC7807040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80899-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) kills more individuals in the world than any other disease, and a threat made direr by the coverage of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the single TB vaccine licensed for use in human beings and effectively protects infants and children against severe military and meningeal TB. We applied advanced computational techniques to develop a universal TB vaccine. In the current study, we select the very conserved, experimentally confirmed Mtb antigens, including Rv2608, Rv2684, Rv3804c (Ag85A), and Rv0125 (Mtb32A) to design a novel multi-epitope subunit vaccine. By using the Immune Epitopes Database (IEDB), we predicted different B-cell and T-cell epitopes. An adjuvant (Griselimycin) was also added to vaccine construct to improve its immunogenicity. Bioinformatics tools were used to predict, refined, and validate the 3D structure and then docked with toll-like-receptor (TLR-3) using different servers. The constructed vaccine was used for further processing based on allergenicity, antigenicity, solubility, different physiochemical properties, and molecular docking scores. The in silico immune simulation results showed significant response for immune cells. For successful expression of the vaccine in E. coli, in-silico cloning and codon optimization were performed. This research also sets out a good signal for the design of a peptide-based tuberculosis vaccine. In conclusion, our findings show that the known multi-epitope vaccine may activate humoral and cellular immune responses and maybe a possible tuberculosis vaccine candidate. Therefore, more experimental validations should be exposed to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen Bibi
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
- Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research and Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Inayat Ullah
- Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research and Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Bingdong Zhu
- Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research and Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Lincheng west Road, Guanshan Lake District, Guiyang, 550081, Guizhou, China
| | - Romana Liaqat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wei-Bao Kong
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Shiquan Niu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China.
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