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Hales D, Bogdan C, Tefas LR, Cornilă A, Chiver MA, Tomuță I, Casian T, Iovanov R, Katona G, Ambrus R, Iurian S. Exploring Vacuum Compression Molding as a Preparation Method for Flexible-Dose Pediatric Orodispersible Films. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:934. [PMID: 39065784 PMCID: PMC11280104 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, solid dosage forms have gained interest in pediatric therapy because they can provide valuable benefits in terms of dose accuracy and stability. Particularly for orodispersible films (ODFs), the literature evidences increased acceptability and dose flexibility. Among the various available technologies for obtaining ODFs, such as solvent casting, hot-melt extrusion, and ink printing technologies, the solvent-free preparation methods exhibit significant advantages. This study investigated Vacuum Compression Molding (VCM) as a solvent-free manufacturing method for the preparation of flexible-dose pediatric orodispersible films. The experimental approach focused on selecting the appropriate plasticizer and ratios of the active pharmaceutical ingredient, diclofenac sodium, followed by the study of their impacts on the mechanical properties, disintegration time, and drug release profile of the ODFs. Additional investigations were performed to obtain insights regarding the solid-state properties. The ODFs obtained by VCM displayed adequate quality in terms of their critical characteristics. Therefore, this proof-of-concept study shows how VCM could be utilized as a standalone method for the production of small-scale ODFs, enabling the customization of doses to meet the individual needs of pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Hales
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș St, 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.H.); (L.R.T.); (A.C.); (M.-A.C.); (I.T.); (T.C.); (R.I.); (S.I.)
| | - Cătălina Bogdan
- Department of Dermopharmacy and Cosmetology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 Ion Creangă St, 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucia Ruxandra Tefas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș St, 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.H.); (L.R.T.); (A.C.); (M.-A.C.); (I.T.); (T.C.); (R.I.); (S.I.)
| | - Andreea Cornilă
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș St, 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.H.); (L.R.T.); (A.C.); (M.-A.C.); (I.T.); (T.C.); (R.I.); (S.I.)
| | - Maria-Andreea Chiver
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș St, 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.H.); (L.R.T.); (A.C.); (M.-A.C.); (I.T.); (T.C.); (R.I.); (S.I.)
| | - Ioan Tomuță
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș St, 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.H.); (L.R.T.); (A.C.); (M.-A.C.); (I.T.); (T.C.); (R.I.); (S.I.)
| | - Tibor Casian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș St, 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.H.); (L.R.T.); (A.C.); (M.-A.C.); (I.T.); (T.C.); (R.I.); (S.I.)
| | - Rareș Iovanov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș St, 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.H.); (L.R.T.); (A.C.); (M.-A.C.); (I.T.); (T.C.); (R.I.); (S.I.)
| | - Gábor Katona
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eotvos u. 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (G.K.); (R.A.)
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eotvos u. 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (G.K.); (R.A.)
| | - Sonia Iurian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș St, 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.H.); (L.R.T.); (A.C.); (M.-A.C.); (I.T.); (T.C.); (R.I.); (S.I.)
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2
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Be Rziņš KR, Czyrski GS, Aljabbari A, Heinz A, Boyd BJ. In Situ Imaging of Subcutaneous Drug Delivery Systems Using Microspatially Offset Low-Frequency Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6408-6416. [PMID: 38602505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The noninvasive in situ monitoring of the status of drug retention and implant integrity of subcutaneous implants would allow optimization of therapy and avoid periods of subtherapeutic delivery kinetics. A proof-of principle study was conducted to determine the use of microspatially offset low-frequency Raman spectroscopy (micro-SOLFRS) for nonintrusive in situ analysis of subcutaneous drug delivery systems. Caffeine was used as the model drug, and it was embedded in a circular-shape Soluplus matrix via vacuum compression molding. For the exploratory analysis, prototype implants were positioned underneath skin tissue samples, and various caffeine concentrations (1-50% w/w) and micro-SOLFRS displacement settings (Δz = 0-8 mm) were tested from the pseudo three-dimensional (3D)-imaging perspective. This format allowed the optimization of real-time micro-SOLFRS analysis of implants through skin tissue that was embedded in an agarose hydrogel. Notably, this analytical approach allowed the temporal and spatial erosion of the implant and solid-state transformations of caffeine to be distinguished. The spectrometric results correlated with complementary high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of changes in drug concentration, illustrating drug dissipation/diffusion characteristics. The discovered capability of micro-SOLFRS for in situ measurements of drugs and implants makes it attractive for biomedical diagnostics that, ultimately, could result in development of a new point-of-care technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Rlis Be Rziņš
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Grzegorz S Czyrski
- LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Anas Aljabbari
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Andrea Heinz
- LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Ben J Boyd
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Lenhart J, Pöstges F, Wagner KG, Lunter DJ. Evaluation of Printability of PVA-Based Tablets from Powder and Assessment of Critical Rheological Parameters. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:553. [PMID: 38675214 PMCID: PMC11054527 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a rather new technology in the production of personalized dosage forms. The melting and printing of polymer-active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)-mixtures can be used to produce oral dosage forms with different dosage as well as release behavior. This process is utilized to increase the bioavailability of pharmaceutically relevant active ingredients that are poorly soluble in physiological medium by transforming them into solid amorphous dispersions (ASD). The release from such ASDs is expected to be faster and higher compared to the raw materials and thus enhance bioavailability. Printing directly from powder while forming ASDs from loperamide in Polyvinylalcohol was realized. Different techniques such as a change in infill and the incorporation of sorbitol as a plastisizer to change release patterns as well as a non-destructive way for the determination of API distribution were shown. By measuring the melt viscosities of the mixtures printed, a rheological model for the printer used is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lenhart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
| | - Florian Pöstges
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (F.P.); (K.G.W.)
| | - Karl G. Wagner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany; (F.P.); (K.G.W.)
| | - Dominique J. Lunter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
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4
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Dhumal G, Treffer D, Polli JE. Concordance of vacuum compression molding with spray drying in screening of amorphous solid dispersions of itraconazole. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123952. [PMID: 38417729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Spray drying is a well-established method for screening spray dried dispersions (SDDs) but is material consuming, and the amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) formed have low bulk density. Vacuum Compression Molding (VCM) is a potential method to avoid these limitations. This study focuses on VCM to screen ASDs containing itraconazole and L, M, or H polymer grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and compares their morphology, amorphous stability, and dissolution performance with spray drying. Results indicate that VCM ASDs were comparable to SDDs. Both VCM ASDs and spray drying SDDs with HPMCAS-L and HPMCAS-M had improved dissolution profiles, while HPMCAS-H did not. Dynamic light scattering findings agreed with dissolution profiles, indicating that L and M grades produced monodisperse, smaller colloids, whereas H grade formed larger, polydisperse colloids. Capsules containing ASDs from VCM disintegrated and dissolved in the media; however, SDD capsules formed agglomerates and failed to disintegrate completely. Findings indicate that the VCM ASDs are comparable to SDDs in terms of dissolution performance and amorphous stability. VCM may be utilized in early ASD formulation development to select drug-polymer pairs for subsequent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Dhumal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Daniel Treffer
- MeltPrep, Setauket - East Setauket, New York, United States
| | - James E Polli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Trenkenschuh E, Blattner SM, Hirsh D, Hoffmann R, Luebbert C, Schaefer K. Development of Ternary Amorphous Solid Dispersions Manufactured by Hot-Melt Extrusion and Spray-Drying─Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Performance. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1309-1320. [PMID: 38345459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Producing amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) by hot-melt extrusion (HME) is favorable from an economic and ecological perspective but also limited to thermostable active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). A potential technology shift from spray-drying to hot-melt extrusion at later stages of drug product development is a desirable goal, however bearing the risk of insufficient comparability of the in vitro and in vivo performance of the final dosage form. Hot-melt extrusion was performed using API/polymer/surfactant mixtures with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) as the polymer and evaluated regarding the extrudability of binary and ternary amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Additionally, spray-dried ASDs were produced, and solid-state properties were compared to the melt-extruded ASDs. Tablets were manufactured of a ternary ASD lead candidate comparing their in vitro dissolution and in vivo performance. The extrudability of HPMCAS was improved by adding a surfactant as plasticizer, thereby lowering the high melt-viscosity. d-α-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) as surfactant showed the most similar solid-state properties between spray-dried and extruded ASDs compared to those of poloxamer 188 and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The addition of TPGS, however, barely affected API/polymer interactions. The in vitro dissolution experiment and in vivo dog study revealed a higher drug release of tablets manufactured from the spray-dried ASD compared to the melt-extruded ASD; this was attributed to the different particle size. We could further demonstrate that the drug release can be controlled by adjusting the particle size of melt-extruded ASDs leading to a similar release profile compared to tablets containing the spray-dried dispersion, which confirmed the feasibility of a technology shift from spray-drying to HME upon drug product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Trenkenschuh
- Pharmaceutical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88400 Biberach/Riß, Germany
| | - Simone M Blattner
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88400 Biberach/Riß, Germany
| | - David Hirsh
- Material and Analytical Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Ragna Hoffmann
- Pharmaceutical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88400 Biberach/Riß, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Schaefer
- Pharmaceutical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88400 Biberach/Riß, Germany
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6
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Picco CJ, Anjani QK, Donnelly RF, Larrañeta E. An isocratic RP-HPLC-UV method for simultaneous quantification of tizanidine and lidocaine: application to in vitro release studies of a subcutaneous implant. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:979-989. [PMID: 38165785 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01833d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Implantable devices have been widely investigated to improve the treatment of multiple diseases. Even with low drug loadings, these devices can achieve effective delivery and increase patient compliance by minimizing potential side effects, consequently enhancing the quality of life of the patients. Moreover, multi-drug products are emerging in the pharmaceutical field, capable of treating more than one ailment concurrently. Therefore, a simple analytical method is essential for detecting and quantifying different analytes used in formulation development and evaluation. Here, we present, for the first time, an isocratic method for tizanidine hydrochloride (TZ) and lidocaine (LD) loaded into a subcutaneous implant, utilizing reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled with a UV detector. These implants have the potential to treat muscular spasticity while providing pain relief for several days after implantation. Chromatographic separation of the two drugs was accomplished using a C18 column, with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% TFA in water and MeOH in a 58 : 42 ratio, flowing at 0.7 ml min-1. The method exhibited specificity and robustness, providing accurate and precise results. It displayed linearity within the range of 0.79 to 100 μg ml-1, with an R2 value of 1 for the simultaneous analysis of TZ and LD. The developed method demonstrated selectivity, offering limits of detection and quantification of 0.16 and 0.49 μg ml-1 for TZ, and 0.30 and 0.93 μg ml-1 for LD, respectively. Furthermore, the solution containing both TZ and LD proved stable under various storage conditions. While this study applied the method to assess an implant device, it has broader applicability for analysing and quantifying the in vitro drug release of TZ and LD from diverse dosage forms in preclinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila J Picco
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Qonita Kurnia Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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Yang W, Saboo S, Zhou L, Askin S, Bak A. Early evaluation of opportunities in oral delivery of PROTACs to overcome their molecular challenges. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103865. [PMID: 38154757 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) offer new opportunities in modern medicine by targeting proteins that are intractable to classic inhibitors. Heterobifunctional in nature, PROTACs are small molecules that offer a unique mechanism of protein degradation by hijacking the ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation pathway, known as the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Herein, we present an analysis on the structural characteristics of this novel chemical modality. Furthermore, we review and discuss the formulation opportunities to overcome the oral delivery challenges of PROTACs in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhan Yang
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, USA.
| | - Sugandha Saboo
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, USA
| | - Liping Zhou
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, USA
| | - Sean Askin
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Annette Bak
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, USA
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8
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Pluntze A, Beecher S, Anderson M, Wright D, Mudie D. Material-Sparing Feasibility Screening for Hot Melt Extrusion. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:76. [PMID: 38258087 PMCID: PMC10819182 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hot melt extrusion (HME) offers a high-throughput process to manufacture amorphous solid dispersions. A variety of experimental and model-based approaches exist to predict API solubility in polymer melts, but these methods are typically aimed at determining the thermodynamic solubility and do not take into account kinetics of dissolution or the associated degradation of the API during thermal processing, both of which are critical considerations in generating a successful amorphous solid dispersion by HME. This work aims to develop a material-sparing approach for screening manufacturability of a given pharmaceutical API by HME using physically relevant time, temperature, and shear. Piroxicam, ritonavir, and phenytoin were used as model APIs with PVP VA64 as the dispersion polymer. We present a screening flowchart, aided by a simple custom device, that allows rapid formulation screening to predict both achievable API loadings and expected degradation from an HME process. This method has good correlation to processing with a micro compounder, a common HME screening industry standard, but only requires 200 mg of API or less.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Pluntze
- Global Research and Development, Small Molecules, Lonza, 64550 Research Road, Bend, OR 97703, USA (D.M.)
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9
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Mueller LK, Halstenberg L, Di Gallo N, Kipping T. Evaluation of a Three-Fluid Nozzle Spraying Process for Facilitating Spray Drying of Hydrophilic Polymers for the Creation of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2542. [PMID: 38004521 PMCID: PMC10675266 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) enable formulations to improve the solubility of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The amorphous state is reached through the disruption of the crystalline lattice of an API resulting in an increased apparent solubility with faster disintegration. Nevertheless, this form is characterized by a high-energy state which is prone to re-crystallization. To ensure a stable ASD, excipients, e.g., polymers that form a matrix in which an API is dispersed, are used. The applicable polymer range is usually linked to their solubility in the respective solvent, therefore limiting the use of hydrophilic polymers. In this work, we show the applicability of the hydrophilic polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), in spray-dried solid dispersions. Using a three-fluid nozzle approach, this polymer can be used to generate ASDs with a targeted dissolution profile that is characterized by a prominent spring and desired parachute effect showing both supersaturation and crystallization inhibition. For this purpose, the polymer was tested in formulations containing the weakly basic drug, ketoconazole, and the acidic drug, indomethacin, both classified as Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BSC) class II drugs, as well as the weakly basic drug ritonavir classified as BCS IV. Furthermore, ritonavir was used to show the enhanced drug-loading capacity of PVA derived from the advantageous viscosity profile that makes the polymer an interesting candidate for spray drying applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Karin Mueller
- Merck Life Science KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (L.H.); (N.D.G.); (T.K.)
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10
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Nyamba I, Jennotte O, Sombie CB, Lechanteur A, Sacre PY, Djande A, Semde R, Evrard B. Preformulation study for the selection of a suitable polymer for the development of ellagic acid-based solid dispersion using hot-melt extrusion. Int J Pharm 2023:123088. [PMID: 37257795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ellagic acid is one of the most studied polyphenolic compounds due to its numerous promising therapeutic properties. However, this therapeutic potential remains difficult to exploit owing to its low solubility and low permeability, resulting in low oral bioavailability. In order to allow an effective therapeutic application of EA, it is therefore necessary to develop strategies that sufficiently enhance its solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability. For this purpose, solid dispersions based on pre-selected polymers such as Eudragit® EPO, Soluplus® and Kollidon® VA 64, with 5% w/w ellagic acid loading were prepared by hot extrusion and characterized by X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and in vitro dissolution tests in order to select the most suitable polymer for future investigations. The results showed that Eudragit® EPO was the most promising polymer for ellagic acid solid dispersions development because its extrudates allowed to obtain a solution supersaturated in ellagic acid that was stable for at least 90 min. Moreover, the resulting apparent solubility was 20 times higher than the actual solubility of ellagic acid. The extrudates also showed a high dissolution rate of ellagic acid (96.25% in 15 min), compared to the corresponding physical mixture (6.52% in 15 min) or the pure drug (1.56% in 15 min). Furthermore, increasing the loading rate of ellagic acid up to 12% in extrudates based on this polymer did not negatively influence its release profile through dissolution tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaïe Nyamba
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), Université de Liège, 4000 Liège (Belgium); Laboratory of Drug Development, Center of training, research and expertise in pharmaceutical sciences (CFOREM), Doctoral School of Sciences and Health, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03 (Burkina Faso).
| | - Olivier Jennotte
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), Université de Liège, 4000 Liège (Belgium)
| | - Charles B Sombie
- Laboratory of Drug Development, Center of training, research and expertise in pharmaceutical sciences (CFOREM), Doctoral School of Sciences and Health, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03 (Burkina Faso)
| | - Anna Lechanteur
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), Université de Liège, 4000 Liège (Belgium)
| | - Pierre-Yves Sacre
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Abdoulaye Djande
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Materials, Research Team: Organic Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03 (Burkina Faso)
| | - Rasmané Semde
- Laboratory of Drug Development, Center of training, research and expertise in pharmaceutical sciences (CFOREM), Doctoral School of Sciences and Health, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03 (Burkina Faso)
| | - Brigitte Evrard
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), Université de Liège, 4000 Liège (Belgium)
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Rune Jørgensen J, Mohr W, Rischer M, Sauer A, Mistry S, Rades T, Müllertz A. In vitro-in vivo relationship for amorphous solid dispersions using a double membrane dissolution-permeation setup. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023:S0939-6411(23)00114-5. [PMID: 37146739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) is one commonly applied formulation strategy to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs by overcoming dissolution rate and/or solubility limitations. While bioavailability enhancement of ASDs is well documented, it has often been a challenge to establish a predictive model describing in vitro-in vivo relationship (IVIVR). In this study, it is hypothesized that drug absorption might be overestimated by in vitro dissolution-permeation (D/P)-setups, when drug in suspension has the possibility of directly interacting with the permeation barrier. This is supported by the overprediction of drug absorption from neat crystalline efavirenz compared to four ASDs in a D/P-setup based on the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA). However, linear IVIVR (R2 = 0.97) is established in a modified D/P-setup in which the addition of a hydrophilic PVDF-filter acts as a physical boundary between the donor compartment and the PAMPA-membrane. Based on microscopic visualization, the improved predictability of the modified D/P-setup is due to the avoidance of direct dissolution of drug particles in the lipid components of the PAMPA-membrane. In general, this principle might aid in providing a more reliable evaluation of formulations of poorly water-soluble drugs before initiating animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Rune Jørgensen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wolfgang Mohr
- Losan Pharma GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Str. 13, 79395 Neuenburg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Sauer
- SE Tylose GmbH & Co. KG, Kasteler Str. 45, 65203 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Shilpa Mistry
- Harke Pharma GmbH, Xantener Str. 1, 45479 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Bioneer:FARMA, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Palekar S, Mamidi HK, Guo Y, Vartak R, Patel K. Corroborating various material-sparing techniques with hot melt extrusion for the preparation of triclabendazole amorphous solid dispersions. Int J Pharm 2023; 640:122989. [PMID: 37120123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) are one of the most adopted technologies for improving the solubility of novel molecules. Formulation of ASDs using solvent free methods such as hot melt extrusion (HME) has been in the spotlight off-lately. However, early-stage formulation development is tricky and a difficult bridge to pass due to limited drug availability. Material-sparing techniques (theoretical & practical) have been used for selecting suitable polymeric carriers for formulating ASDs. However, these techniques have limitations in predicting the effect of process parameters. The objective of this study is to use both theoretical and practical material-sparing techniques to optimize a polymer for the developing Triclabendazole (TBZ) ASDs. Initial screening by theoretical approaches suggested that TBZ is highly miscible with Kollidon®VA64 (VA64) and poorly miscible with Parteck®MXP (PVA). However, results from ASDs prepared using SCFe were opposite to these predictions. ASDs prepared using either technique and both VA64 and PVA showed >200x increase in solubility. Each formulation released >85% of drug in less than 15 mins. Although the thermodynamic phase diagram suggested that VA64 was the ideal polymer for TBZ-ASDs, it has certain limitations in factoring the different elements during melt-processing and hence, practical approaches like SCFe could help in predicting the drug-polymer miscibility for HME processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhant Palekar
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Hemanth K Mamidi
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA; Continuus Pharmaceuticals Inc, Woburn, MA, USA
| | - Yi Guo
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Richa Vartak
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Ketan Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.
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13
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Hot Melt Extruded Posaconazole-Based Amorphous Solid Dispersions—The Effect of Different Types of Polymers. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030799. [PMID: 36986660 PMCID: PMC10056184 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Four model polymers, representing (i) amorphous homopolymers (Kollidon K30, K30), (ii) amorphous heteropolymers (Kollidon VA64, KVA), (iii) semi-crystalline homopolymers (Parteck MXP, PXP), and (iv) semi-crystalline heteropolymers (Kollicoat IR, KIR), were examined for their effectiveness in creating posaconazole-based amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Posaconazole (POS) is a triazole antifungal drug that has activity against Candida and Aspergillus species, belonging to class II of the biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS). This means that this active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is characterized by solubility-limited bioavailability. Thus, one of the aims of its formulation as an ASD was to improve its aqueous solubility. Investigations were performed into how polymers affected the following characteristics: melting point depression of the API, miscibility and homogeneity with POS, improvement of the amorphous API’s physical stability, melt viscosity (and associated with it, drug loading), extrudability, API content in the extrudate, long term physical stability of the amorphous POS in the binary drug–polymer system (in the form of the extrudate), solubility, and dissolution rate of hot melt extrusion (HME) systems. The obtained results led us to conclude that the physical stability of the POS-based system increases with the increasing amorphousness of the employed excipient. Copolymers, compared to homopolymers, display greater homogeneity of the investigated composition. However, the enhancement in aqueous solubility was significantly higher after utilizing the homopolymeric, compared to the copolymeric, excipients. Considering all of the investigated parameters, the most effective additive in the formation of a POS-based ASD is an amorphous homopolymer—K30.
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14
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Jørgensen JR, Mohr W, Rischer M, Sauer A, Mistry S, Müllertz A, Rades T. Stability and intrinsic dissolution of vacuum compression molded amorphous solid dispersions of efavirenz. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122564. [PMID: 36586638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the stability and intrinsic dissolution of vacuum compression molded (VCM) amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of efavirenz (EFV) were investigated in relation to its solubility limits in seven polymers determined by the melting point depression (MPD) method. The extrapolated solubility limits of EFV at 22 °C ranged from 3 to 68% (w/w) with PVOH being the only polymer suggesting immiscibility with EFV according to both MPD and Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs). All ASDs with EFV loadings below or close to their calculated solubility limit did not show any signs of crystallization upon conditioning for 7 months at either 22 or 37 °C and 23 or 75% relative humidity. However, all ASDs with EFV loading above the solubility limit crystallized at high humidity, while the ASDs with cellulose derived carrier polymers proved kinetically stable at low humidity over 7 months. While the EFV intrinsic dissolution rates from the VCM ASDs were partly depending on the polymer dissolution rate, no correlation was observed between EFV matrix crystallization and its miscibility in the polymer. Altogether, the observations of the study underline the importance of combining preformulation miscibility determination and dissolution studies to rationally decide on both stability and viability of ASD formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Rune Jørgensen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wolfgang Mohr
- Losan Pharma GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Str. 13, 79395 Neuenburg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Sauer
- SE Tylose GmbH & Co. KG, Kasteler Str. 45, 65203 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Shilpa Mistry
- Harke Pharma GmbH, Xantener Str. 1, 45479 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Bioneer:FARMA, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Controlled Release of Felodipine from 3D-Printed Tablets with Constant Surface Area: Influence of Surface Geometry. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020467. [PMID: 36839789 PMCID: PMC9967401 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, 3D-printed tablets with a constant surface area were designed and fabricated using polylactic acid (PLA) in the outer compartment and polyvinyl alcohol and felodipine (FDP) in the inner compartment. The influences of different surface geometries of the inner compartment, namely, round, hexagon, square, and triangle, on drug release from 3D-printed tablets were also studied. The morphology and porosity of the inner compartment were determined using scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy, respectively. Additionally, drug content and drug release were also evaluated. The results revealed that the round-shaped geometry seemed to have the greatest total surface area of the inner compartment, followed by square-shaped, hexagon-shaped, and triangle-shaped geometries. FDP-loaded 3D-printed tablets with triangle and hexagon surface geometries had the slowest drug release (about 80% within 24 h). In the round-shaped and square-shaped 3D-printed tablets, complete drug release was observed within 12 h. Furthermore, the drug release from triangle-shaped 3D-printed tablets with double the volume of the inner compartment was faster than that of a smaller volume. This was due to the fact that a larger tablet volume increased the surface area contacting the medium, resulting in a faster drug release. The findings indicated that the surface geometry of 3D-printed tablets with a constant surface area affected drug release. This study suggests that 3D printing technology may be used to develop oral solid dosage forms suitable for customized therapeutic treatments.
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16
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Kshirsagar SM, Kipping T, Banga AK. Fabrication of Polymeric Microneedles using Novel Vacuum Compression Molding Technique for Transdermal Drug Delivery. Pharm Res 2022; 39:3301-3315. [PMID: 36195823 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate the feasibility of vacuum compression molding as a novel technique for fabricating polymeric poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) microneedles. METHODS First, polydimethylsiloxane molds were prepared using metal microneedle templates and fixed in the MeltPrep® Vacuum Compression Molding tool. Poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (EXPANSORB® DLG 50-5A) was added, enclosed, and heated at 130°C for 15 min under a vacuum of -15 psi, cooled with compressed air for 15 min, followed by freezing at -20°C for 30 min, and stored in a desiccator. The microneedles and microchannels were characterized by a variety of imaging techniques. In vitro permeation of model drug lidocaine as base and hydrochloride salt was demonstrated across intact and microporated dermatomed human skin. RESULTS Fabricated PLGA microneedles were pyramid-shaped, sharp, uniform, and mechanically robust. Scanning electron microscopy, skin integrity, dye-binding, histology, and confocal laser microscopy studies confirmed the microchannel formation. The receptor delivery of lidocaine salt increased significantly in microporated (270.57 ± 3.73 μg/cm2) skin as compared to intact skin (142.19 ± 13.70 μg/cm2) at 24 h. The receptor delivery of lidocaine base from microporated skin was significantly higher (312.37 ± 10.57 μg/cm2) than intact skin (169.68 ± 24.09 μg/cm2) up to 8 h. Lag time decreased significantly for the base (2.24 ± 0.17 h to 0.64 ± 0.05 h) and salt (4.76 ± 0.31 h to 1.47 ± 0.21 h) after microporation. CONCLUSION Vacuum compression molding was demonstrated as a novel technique to fabricate uniform, solvent-free, strong polymer microneedles in a short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharvari M Kshirsagar
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Thomas Kipping
- MilliporeSigma a Business of Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ajay K Banga
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
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17
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Kayser K, Monschke M, Wagner KG. ASD Formation Prior to Material Characterization as Key Parameter for Accurate Measurements and Subsequent Process Simulation for Hot-Melt Extrusion. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:176. [PMID: 35750968 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Process simulation facilitates scale-up of hot-melt extrusion (HME) and enhances proper understanding of the underlying critical process parameters. However, performing numeric simulations requires profound knowledge of the employed materials' properties. For example, an accurate description of the compounds' melt rheology is paramount for proper simulations. Hence, sample preparation needs to be optimized to yield results as predictive as possible. To identify the optimal preparation method for small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheological measurements, binary mixtures of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate or methacrylic acid ethyl acrylate copolymer (Eudragit L100-55) together with the model drugs celecoxib and ketoconazole were prepared. The physical powder mixtures were introduced into the SAOS as a compressed tablet or a disk prepared via vacuum compression molding (VCM). Simulations with the derived parameters were conducted and compared to lab-scale extrusion trials. VCM was identified as the ideal preparation method resulting in the highest similarity between simulated and experimental values, while simulation based on conventional powder-based methods insufficiently described the HME process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kayser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marius Monschke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl G Wagner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
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18
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Shakil A, Hern FY, Liu C, Temburnikar K, Chambon P, Liptrott N, McDonald TO, Neary M, Owen A, Freel Meyers C, Rannard SP. Linear and branched polymer prodrugs of the water-soluble nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor emtricitabine as structural materials for long-acting implants. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:4395-4404. [PMID: 35604111 PMCID: PMC9199480 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00825d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Long-acting drug delivery is a growing area of interest as it overcomes many challenges related to patient adherence to therapy and the pill burden associated with chronic illness. Injectable formulations are becoming more common and drug-releasing implants also provide several opportunities. Highly water soluble drug compounds are poor candidates for long-acting delivery. Here, the water-soluble nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor emtricitabine (FTC) has been used as a novel A-B monomer in step-growth polymerisation with chloroformate functional Cn monomers, to produce new poly(carbamate/carbonate) structures with varying architecture. The polymer prodrugs were all solid at ambient temperature and have been shown to release FTC when subjected to mixed gender human plasma. Vacuum compression moulding has been used to form solid rod implants without polymer degradation; the rods show FTC release over long periods in the presence of microsomes, establishing the basis of a polymer prodrug strategy for FTC delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Shakil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
- Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD, UK
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
| | - Faye Y Hern
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
- Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD, UK
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
| | - Chung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
- Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD, UK
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
| | - Kartik Temburnikar
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Pierre Chambon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
- Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD, UK
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
| | - Neill Liptrott
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
| | - Tom O McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
- Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD, UK
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
| | - Megan Neary
- Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD, UK
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
| | - Andrew Owen
- Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD, UK
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
| | - Caren Freel Meyers
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Steve P Rannard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
- Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD, UK
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
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19
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Windolf H, Chamberlain R, Breitkreutz J, Quodbach J. 3D Printed Mini-Floating-Polypill for Parkinson's Disease: Combination of Levodopa, Benserazide, and Pramipexole in Various Dosing for Personalized Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:931. [PMID: 35631518 PMCID: PMC9145509 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapy for Parkinson’s disease is quite challenging. Numerous drugs are available for symptomatic treatment, and levodopa (LD), in combination with a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor (e.g., benserazide (BZ)), has been the drug of choice for years. As the disease progresses, therapy must be supplemented with a dopamine agonist (e.g., pramipexole (PDM)). Side effects increase, as do the required dose and dosing intervals. For these specific requirements of drug therapy, the 3D printing method fused deposition modelling (FDM) was applied in this study for personalized therapy. Hot melt extrusion was utilized to produce two different compositions into filaments: PDM and polyvinyl alcohol for rapid drug release and a fixed combination of LD/BZ (4:1) in an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer matrix for prolonged drug release. Since LD is absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract, a formulation that floats in gastric fluid was desired to prolong API absorption. Using the FDM 3D printing process, different polypill geometries were printed from both filaments, with variable dosages. Dosage forms with 15−180 mg LD could be printed, showing similar release rates (f2 > 50). In addition, a mini drug delivery dosage form was printed that released 75% LD/BZ within 750 min and could be used as a gastric retentive drug delivery system due to the floating properties of the composition. The floating mini-polypill was designed to accommodate patients’ swallowing difficulties and to allow for individualized dosing with an API release over a longer period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Windolf
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (H.W.); (R.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Rebecca Chamberlain
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (H.W.); (R.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Jörg Breitkreutz
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (H.W.); (R.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Julian Quodbach
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (H.W.); (R.C.); (J.B.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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20
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Zhao P, Hu G, Chen H, Li M, Wang Y, Sun N, Wang L, Xu Y, Xia J, Tian B, Liu Y, He Z, Fu Q. Revealing the roles of polymers in supersaturation stabilization from the perspective of crystallization behaviors: A case of nimodipine. Int J Pharm 2022; 616:121538. [PMID: 35124119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Formulating drugs into amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) represents an attractive means to enhance the aqueous solubility of drugs. Furthermore, water-soluble polymers have proven highly advantageous for stabilizing supersaturated solutions of ASDs. However, the performance and mechanism of various polymers in stabilizing supersaturated drug solutions have not been well-studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different commercial polymers on the dissolution behaviors and supersaturation stabilization of the ASDs and to further explore the mechanism of polymer mediated supersaturation maintenance by studying the crystallization behaviors of the ASDs. In this study, nimodipine (NMD) was used as a model drug because of its poor water-solubility and fast crystallization rate in aqueous solution, and three polymers polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer (PVP VA), and polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft co-polymer (Soluplus) was selected as the drug carriers to form the ASDs with NMD. Solid-state characterizations of the ASDs confirmed the amorphous state of the ASD systems. ASDPVP VA demonstrated superior supersaturation maintenance in dissolution experiments compared to the other two ASD systems. Among the polymers tested, PVP VA most efficiently maintained dissolution of NMD and prevented its crystallization from the supersaturated solution. The ability of PVP VA to most-effectively maintain supersaturation of the drug was manifested by inhibition of crystal nucleation rather than inhibition of crystal growth following nucleation. These results suggest that nucleation inhibition was instrumental in enabling the polymer-mediated supersaturation maintenance, at least with NMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixu Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guowei Hu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haonan Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mo Li
- Liaoning Institute for Drug Control, No. 7 Chongshan West Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Nan Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jialong Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Baocheng Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346, Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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21
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Be Rziņš KR, Fraser-Miller SJ, Walker GF, Rades T, Gordon KC. Investigation on Formulation Strategies to Mitigate Compression-Induced Destabilization in Supersaturated Celecoxib Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3882-3893. [PMID: 34529437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Compression-induced destabilization was investigated in various celecoxib amorphous solid dispersions containing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), poly(vinylpyrrolidone)/vinyl acetate copolymer (PVP/VA), or poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) at a concentration range of 1-10% w/w. Pharmaceutically relevant (125 MPa pressure with a minimal dwell time) and extreme (500 MPa pressure with a 60 s dwell time) compression conditions were applied to these systems, and the changes in their physical stability were monitored retrospectively (i.e., in the supercooled state) using dynamic differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and low-frequency Raman (LFR) measurements over a broad temperature range (-90 to 200 and -150 to 140 °C, respectively). Both techniques revealed similar changes in the crystallization behavior between samples, where the application of a higher compression force of 500 MPa resulted in a more pronounced destabilization effect that was progressively mitigated with increasing polymer content. However, other aspects such as more favorable intermolecular interactions did not appear to have any effect on reducing this undesirable effect. Additionally, for the first time, LFR spectroscopy was used as a viable technique to determine the secondary or local glass-transition temperature, Tg,β, a major indicator of the physical stability of neat amorphous pharmaceutical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Rlis Be Rziņš
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Sara J Fraser-Miller
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Greg F Walker
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1165, Denmark
| | - Keith C Gordon
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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22
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dos Santos J, da Silva GS, Velho MC, Beck RCR. Eudragit ®: A Versatile Family of Polymers for Hot Melt Extrusion and 3D Printing Processes in Pharmaceutics. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1424. [PMID: 34575500 PMCID: PMC8471576 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Eudragit® polymers are polymethacrylates highly used in pharmaceutics for the development of modified drug delivery systems. They are widely known due to their versatility with regards to chemical composition, solubility, and swelling properties. Moreover, Eudragit polymers are thermoplastic, and their use has been boosted in some production processes, such as hot melt extrusion (HME) and fused deposition modelling 3D printing, among other 3D printing techniques. Therefore, this review covers the studies using Eudragit polymers in the development of drug delivery systems produced by HME and 3D printing techniques over the last 10 years. Eudragit E has been the most used among them, mostly to formulate immediate release systems or as a taste-masker agent. On the other hand, Eudragit RS and Eudragit L100-55 have mainly been used to produce controlled and delayed release systems, respectively. The use of Eudragit polymers in these processes has frequently been devoted to producing solid dispersions and/or to prepare filaments to be 3D printed in different dosage forms. In this review, we highlight the countless possibilities offered by Eudragit polymers in HME and 3D printing, whether alone or in blends, discussing their prominence in the development of innovative modified drug release systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Guilherme Silveira da Silva
- Departamento de Produção e Controle de Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-900, Brazil;
| | - Maiara Callegaro Velho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-900, Brazil; (J.d.S.); (M.C.V.)
- Departamento de Produção e Controle de Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-900, Brazil;
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23
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Material-Sparing Approach using Differential Scanning Calorimeter and Response Surface Methodology for Process Optimization of Hot-Melt Extrusion. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3838-3850. [PMID: 34469747 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present investigations was to demonstrate the applicability of DSC combined with response surface methodology as a material-sparing tool for determination of the processing conditions for HME during initial stages of development. Mefenamic acid (MFA) and Eudragit EPO (EPO) were used as a model drug and the polymeric carrier, respectively. Initial screening was performed using film-casting, polarized light microscopy, and TGA analysis to determine the levels for the experimental design. A Box-Behnken design was used to study the effect of the independent parameters, viz. drug loading, heating rate, and processing temperature, on the dependent parameters, viz. residual crystallinity and drug degradation. The results showed a quadratic relationship between independent and dependent parameters. Based on the design space, MFA-EPO dispersions with 20% drug loading were prepared using HME and vacuum compression molding (VCM). Both the HME and VCM samples did not show any signs of residual crystallinity. However, degradation of MFA was observed in VCM sample and the HME filaments processed at 100 rpm, but not at 150 rpm. The results demonstrate that DSC has potential to be a material-sparing tool to optimize drug loading and processing temperature for HME and will help product development using HME cost-effective.
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24
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Formulation development of itraconazole PEGylated nano-lipid carriers for pulmonary aspergillosis using hot-melt extrusion technology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS-X 2021; 3:100074. [PMID: 33748741 PMCID: PMC7973123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2021.100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery is a promising alternative for the oral treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis. This study aimed to develop continuous and scalable itraconazole PEGylated nano-lipid carriers (ITZ-PEG-NLC) for inhalation delivery. The feasibility of preparing NLCs utilizing hot-melt extrusion (HME) coupled with probe sonication was investigated. The process parameters for HME and sonication were varied to optimize the formulation. ITZ-PEG-NLC (particle size, 101.20 ± 1.69 nm; polydispersity index, 0.26 ± 0.01) was successfully formulated. The drug entrapment efficiency of ITZ-PEG-NLC was 97.28 ± 0.50%. Transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize the shape of the particles. The developed formulations were evaluated for their aerodynamic properties for pulmonary delivery. The lung deposition of ITZ-PEG-NLC was determined using an Anderson Cascade Impactor and Philips Respironics Sami the Seal Nebulizer Compressor. In vitro cytotoxicity studies were performed using A549 cells. A burst-release pattern was observed in ITZ-PEG-NLC with a drug release of 41.74 ± 1.49% in 60 min. The in vitro aerosolization of the ITZ-PEG-NLC formulation showed a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 3.51 ± 0.28 μm and a geometric standard deviation of 2.44 ± 0.49. These findings indicate that HME technology could be used for the production of continuous scalable ITZ-PEG-NLC.
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