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Damjanović A, Logarušić M, Tumir LM, Andreou T, Cvjetko Bubalo M, Radojčić Redovniković I. Enhancing protein stability under stress: osmolyte-based deep eutectic solvents as a biocompatible and robust stabilizing medium for lysozyme under heat and cold shock. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:21040-21051. [PMID: 39054918 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02275k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
In biomedical and biotechnological domains, liquid protein formulations are vital tools, offering versatility across various fields. However, maintaining protein stability in a liquid form presents challenges due to environmental factors, driving research to refine formulations for broader applications. In our recent study, we investigated the relationship between deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and the natural presence of osmolytes in specific combinations, showcasing the effectiveness of a bioinspired osmolyte-based DES in stabilizing a model protein. Recognizing the need for a more nuanced understanding of osmolyte-based DES stabilization capabilities under different storage conditions, here we broadened the scope of our osmolyte-based DES experimental screening, and delved deeper into structural changes in the enzyme under these conditions. We subjected lysozyme solutions in DESs based on various kosmotropic osmolytes (TMAO, betaine, sarcosine, DMSP, ectoine, GPC, proline, sorbitol and taurine) paired either with another kosmotropic (glycerol) or with chaotropic osmolyte urea to rigorous conditions: heat shock (at 80 °C) and repetitive freeze-thaw cycles (at -20 and -80 °C). Changes in enzyme activity, colloidal stability, and conformational alterations were then monitored using bioassays, aggregation tests, and spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR and CD). Our results demonstrate the remarkable effectiveness of osmolyte-based DES in stabilizing lysozyme under stress conditions, with sarcosine- and betaine-based DESs containing glycerol as a hydrogen bond donor showing the highest efficacy, even at high enzyme loadings up to 200 mg ml-1. Investigation of the individual and combined effects of the DES components on enzyme stability confirmed the synergistic behavior of the kosmotrope-urea mixtures and the cumulative effects in kosmotrope-glycerol mixtures. Additionally, we have shown that the interplay between the enzyme's active and stable (but inactive) states is highly influenced by the water content in DESs. Finally, toxicity assessments of osmolyte-based DESs using cell lines (Caco-2, HaCaT, and HeLa) revealed no risks to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Damjanović
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marijan Logarušić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Croatia.
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Manning MC, Holcomb RE, Payne RW, Stillahn JM, Connolly BD, Katayama DS, Liu H, Matsuura JE, Murphy BM, Henry CS, Crommelin DJA. Stability of Protein Pharmaceuticals: Recent Advances. Pharm Res 2024; 41:1301-1367. [PMID: 38937372 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
There have been significant advances in the formulation and stabilization of proteins in the liquid state over the past years since our previous review. Our mechanistic understanding of protein-excipient interactions has increased, allowing one to develop formulations in a more rational fashion. The field has moved towards more complex and challenging formulations, such as high concentration formulations to allow for subcutaneous administration and co-formulation. While much of the published work has focused on mAbs, the principles appear to apply to any therapeutic protein, although mAbs clearly have some distinctive features. In this review, we first discuss chemical degradation reactions. This is followed by a section on physical instability issues. Then, more specific topics are addressed: instability induced by interactions with interfaces, predictive methods for physical stability and interplay between chemical and physical instability. The final parts are devoted to discussions how all the above impacts (co-)formulation strategies, in particular for high protein concentration solutions.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cornell Manning
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Ryan E Holcomb
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Robert W Payne
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joshua M Stillahn
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Wathoni N, Herdiana Y, Suhandi C, Mohammed AFA, El-Rayyes A, Narsa AC. Chitosan/Alginate-Based Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Agents Delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:5021-5044. [PMID: 38832335 PMCID: PMC11146614 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s469572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle systems integrating alginate and chitosan emerge as a promising avenue to tackle challenges in leveraging the potency of pharmacological active agents. Owing to their intrinsic properties as polysaccharides, alginate and chitosan, exhibit remarkable biocompatibility, rendering them conducive to bodily integration. By downsizing drug particles to the nano-scale, the system enhances drug solubility in aqueous environments by augmenting surface area. Additionally, the system orchestrates extended drug release kinetics, aligning well with the exigencies of chronic drug release requisite for antibacterial therapeutics. A thorough scrutiny of existing literature underscores a wealth of evidence supporting the utilization of the alginate-chitosan nanoparticle system for antibacterial agent delivery. Literature reviews present abundant evidence of the utilization of nanoparticle systems based on a combination of alginate and chitosan for antibacterial agent delivery. Various experiments demonstrate enhanced antibacterial efficacy, including an increase in the inhibitory zone diameter, improvement in the minimum inhibitory concentration, and an enhancement in the bacterial reduction rate. This enhancement in efficacy occurs due to mechanisms involving increased solubility resulting from particle size reduction, prolonged release effects, and enhanced selectivity towards bacterial cell walls, stemming from ionic interactions between positively charged particles and teichoic acid on bacterial cell walls. However, clinical studies remain limited, and there are currently no marketed antibacterial drugs utilizing this system. Hence, expediting clinical efficacy validation is crucial to maximize its benefits promptly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrul Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Yedi Herdiana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Cecep Suhandi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
| | | | - Ali El-Rayyes
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Angga Cipta Narsa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, 71157, Indonesia
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Gorantla A, Hall JTVE, Troidle A, Janjic JM. Biomaterials for Protein Delivery: Opportunities and Challenges to Clinical Translation. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:533. [PMID: 38675344 PMCID: PMC11052476 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The development of biomaterials for protein delivery is an emerging field that spans materials science, bioengineering, and medicine. In this review, we highlight the immense potential of protein-delivering biomaterials as therapeutic options and discuss the multifaceted challenges inherent to the field. We address current advancements and approaches in protein delivery that leverage stimuli-responsive materials, harness advanced fabrication techniques like 3D printing, and integrate nanotechnologies for greater targeting and improved stability, efficacy, and tolerability profiles. We also discuss the demand for highly complex delivery systems to maintain structural integrity and functionality of the protein payload. Finally, we discuss barriers to clinical translation, such as biocompatibility, immunogenicity, achieving reliable controlled release, efficient and targeted delivery, stability issues, scalability of production, and navigating the regulatory landscape for such materials. Overall, this review summarizes insights from a survey of the current literature and sheds light on the interplay between innovation and the practical implementation of biomaterials for protein delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amogh Gorantla
- Department of Engineering, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA;
| | | | | | - Jelena M. Janjic
- School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA;
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Chen YL, Lee J, Liu Z, Strych U, Bottazzi ME, Lin YP, Chen WH. Biophysical and biochemical characterization of a recombinant Lyme disease vaccine antigen, CspZ-YA. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129295. [PMID: 38211914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Lyme disease, caused by Lyme Borrelia spirochetes, is the most common vector-borne illness in the United States. Despite its global significance, with an estimated 14.5 % seroprevalence, there is currently no licensed vaccine. Previously, we demonstrated that CspZ-YA protein conferred protection against Lyme Borrelia infection, making it a promising vaccine candidate. However, such a protein was tagged with hexahistidine, and thus not preferred for vaccine development; furthermore, the formulation to stabilize the protein was understudied. In this work, we developed a two-step purification process for tag-free E. coli-expressed recombinant CspZ-YA. We further utilized various bioassays to analyze the protein and determine the suitable buffer system for long-term storage and formulation as a vaccine immunogen. The results indicated that a buffer with a pH between 6.5 and 8.5 stabilized CspZ-YA by reducing its surface hydrophobicity and colloidal interactions. Additionally, low pH values induced a change in local spatial conformation and resulted in a decrease in α-helix content. Lastly, an optimal salinity of 22-400 mM at pH 7.5 was found to be important for its stability. Collectively, this study provides a fundamental biochemical and biophysical understanding and insights into the ideal stabilizing conditions to produce CspZ-YA recombinant protein for use in vaccine formulation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jungsoon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhuyun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ulrich Strych
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Yi-Pin Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, NYSDOH, Albany, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, SUNY Albany, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Wen-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, TX, USA.
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Matsushima A, Matsuo K. Removal of plant endogenous proteins from tobacco leaf extract by freeze-thaw treatment for purification of recombinant proteins. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 339:111953. [PMID: 38072330 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Plants are useful as a low-cost source for producing biopharmaceutical proteins. A significant hurdle in the production of recombinant proteins in plants, however, is the complicated process of removing plant-derived components. Removing endogenous plant proteins, including ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO), a major photosynthetic plant enzyme that catalyzes photosynthesis through carboxylation and oxygenation, is important for the purification of recombinant plant proteins. In particular, RuBisCO accounts for 50% of the soluble leaf protein; thus, the removal of RuBisCO is critical for the purification of recombinant proteins from plant materials. An effective conventional method, known as freeze-thaw treatment, was developed for the removal of RuBisCO from Nicotiana benthamiana, which expresses recombinant green fluorescent protein (GFP). Crude extracts or supernatants were frozen at - 30 °C. Upon thawing, most of the RuBisCO was precipitated by centrifugation without significant inactivation and/or yield reduction of GFP. Based on the proteomics analysis, using this method, RuBisCO large and small subunits were reduced to approximately 10% and 20% of those of the unfrozen supernatant solutions, respectively, without the need for specific reagents or equipment. The proteomic analysis also revealed that many ribosomal proteins were removed from the extracts. This method improves the purification process of recombinant proteins from plant materials. Prolonged freezing damaged recombinant β-glucuronidase (GUS), suggesting that the applicability of this treatment should be carefully considered for each recombinant protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Matsushima
- Frontier Business Division, Chiyoda Corporation, 4-6-2 Minatomirai, Nishi-ku, Yokohama 220-8765, Japan
| | - Kouki Matsuo
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Bioproduction Research Institute, 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan.
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Jin MJ, Ge XZ, Huang Q, Liu JW, Ingle RG, Gao D, Fang WJ. The Effects of Excipients on Freeze-dried Monoclonal Antibody Formulation Degradation and Sub-Visible Particle Formation during Shaking. Pharm Res 2024; 41:321-334. [PMID: 38291165 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03657-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSES We previously reported an unexpected phenomenon that shaking stress could cause more protein degradation in freeze-dried monoclonal antibody (mAb) formulations than liquid ones (J Pharm Sci, 2022, 2134). The main purposes of the present study were to investigate the effects of shaking stress on protein degradation and sub-visible particle (SbVP) formation in freeze-dried mAb formulations, and to analyze the factors influencing protein degradation during production and transportation. METHODS The aggregation behavior of mAb-X formulations during production and transportation was simulated by shaking at a rate of 300 rpm at 25°C for 24 h. The contents of particles and monomers were analyzed by micro-flow imaging, dynamic light scattering, size exclusion chromatography, and ultraviolet - visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy to compare the protective effects of excipients on the aggregation of mAb-X. RESULTS Shaking stress could cause protein degradation in freeze-dried mAb-X formulations, while surfactant, appropriate pH, polyol mannitol, and high protein concentration could impact SbVP generation. Water content had little effect on freeze-dried protein degradation during shaking, as far as the water content was controlled in the acceptable range as recommended by mainstream pharmacopoeias (i.e., less than 3%). CONCLUSIONS Shaking stress can reduce the physical stability of freeze-dried mAb formulations, and the addition of surfactants, polyol mannitol, and a high protein concentration have protective effects against the degradation of model mAb formulations induced by shaking stress. The experimental results provide new insight for the development of freeze-dried mAb formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jia Jin
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Xin-Zhe Ge
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Jia-Wei Liu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Rahul G Ingle
- Datta Meghe College of Pharmacy, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Sawangi, Wardha, India
| | - Dong Gao
- Zhejiang Bioray Biopharmaceutical Co., Taizhou, 317000, China
| | - Wei-Jie Fang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Innovation Center of Translational Pharmacy, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321000, China.
- Taizhou Institute of Zhejiang University, Taizhou, 317000, China.
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Sampathkumar K, Kerwin BA. Roadmap for Drug Product Development and Manufacturing of Biologics. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:314-331. [PMID: 37944666 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic biology encompasses different modalities, and their manufacturing processes may be vastly different. However, there are many similarities that run across the different modalities during the drug product (DP) development process and manufacturing. Similarities include the need for Quality Target Product Profile (QTTP), analytical development, formulation development, container/closure studies, drug product process development, manufacturing and technical requirements set out by numerous regulatory documents such as the FDA, EMA, and ICH for pharmaceuticals for human use and other country specific requirements. While there is a plethora of knowledge on studies needed for development of a drug product, there is no specific guidance set out in a phase dependent manner delineating what studies should be completed in alignment with the different phases of clinical development from pre-clinical through commercialization. Because of this reason, we assembled a high-level drug product development and manufacturing roadmap. The roadmap is applicable across the different modalities with the intention of providing a unified framework from early phase development to commercialization of biologic drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Sampathkumar
- SSK Biosolutions LLC, 14022 Welland Terrace, North Potomac, MD 20878, USA; Currently at Invetx, Inc., One Boston Place, Suite 3930, 201 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02108, USA
| | - Bruce A Kerwin
- Kerwin BioPharma Consulting LLC, 14138 Farmview Ln NE, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA; Coriolis Scientific Advisory Board, Coriolis Pharma, Fraunhoferstr. 18 b, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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Cucuzza S, Brosig S, Serno T, Bechtold-Peters K, Cerar J, Kammüller M, Gallou F. Modular and tunable alternative surfactants for biopharmaceuticals provide insights into Surfactant's Structure-Function relationship. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123692. [PMID: 38081561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Surface-induced aggregation of protein therapeutics is opposed by employing surfactants, which are ubiquitously used in drug product development, with polysorbates being the gold standard. Since poloxamer 188 is currently the only generally accepted polysorbate alternative, but cannot be ubiquitously applied, there is a strong need to develop surfactant alternatives for protein biologics that would complement and possibly overcome known drawbacks of existing surfactants. Yet, a severe lack of structure-function relationship knowledge complicates the development of new surfactants. Herein, we perform a systematic analysis of the structure-function relationship of three classes of novel alternative surfactants. Firstly, the mode of action is thoroughly characterized through tensiometry, calorimetry and MD simulations. Secondly, the safety profiles are evaluated through cell-based in vitro assays. Ultimately, we could conclude that the alternative surfactants investigated possess a mode of action and safety profile comparable to polysorbates. Moreover, the biophysical patterns elucidated here can be exploited to precisely tune the features of future surfactant designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cucuzza
- Novartis Pharma AG, TRD Biologics & CGT, GDD, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Brosig
- Novartis Pharma AG, TRD Biologics & CGT, GDD, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tim Serno
- Novartis Pharma AG, TRD Biologics & CGT, GDD, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jure Cerar
- Novartis Pharma AG, TRD Biologics & CGT, GDD, 1234 Menges, Slovenia
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Kim H, Yang I, Lim SI. Streamlined construction of robust heteroprotein complexes by self-induced in-cell disulfide pairing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127965. [PMID: 37944724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecules and their functional subdomains are essential building blocks in the creation of multifunctional nanocomplexes. Methyl-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2) and p66α stand out as small α-helical motifs with an ability to self-assemble into a heterodimeric coiled-coil, making them promising building units. Yet, their practical use is hindered by rapid dissociation upon dilution. In this study, novel fusion tags, MBD2 and p66α variants, were developed to covalently link during co-expression in E. coli SHuffle. Through strategic placement of cysteine at each α-helix's terminus, intracellular crosslinking occurred with high specificity and yield, facilitated by preserved α-helical interactions. This instant disulfide bonding in the oxidative cytoplasm of E. coli SHuffle efficiently overcame the need for inefficient in vitro oxidation and protein extraction prone to creating non-specific adducts and suboptimal bioprocesses. In contrast to their wild-type counterparts, the GFP-mCherry protein complex cross-linked by the fusion tags maintained the heterodimeric state even under extensive dilution. The fusion tags, when combined with the E. coli SHuffle system, allowed for the streamlined co-expression of a stable protein complex through self-induced intracellular cysteine coupling. The approach demonstrated herein holds great promise for producing multifunctional and robust heteroprotein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Yongso-ro 45, Nam-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Iji Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Yongso-ro 45, Nam-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung In Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Yongso-ro 45, Nam-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Rahban M, Ahmad F, Piatyszek MA, Haertlé T, Saso L, Saboury AA. Stabilization challenges and aggregation in protein-based therapeutics in the pharmaceutical industry. RSC Adv 2023; 13:35947-35963. [PMID: 38090079 PMCID: PMC10711991 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06476j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein-based therapeutics have revolutionized the pharmaceutical industry and become vital components in the development of future therapeutics. They offer several advantages over traditional small molecule drugs, including high affinity, potency and specificity, while demonstrating low toxicity and minimal adverse effects. However, the development and manufacturing processes of protein-based therapeutics presents challenges related to protein folding, purification, stability and immunogenicity that should be addressed. These proteins, like other biological molecules, are prone to chemical and physical instabilities. The stability of protein-based drugs throughout the entire manufacturing, storage and delivery process is essential. The occurrence of structural instability resulting from misfolding, unfolding, and modifications, as well as aggregation, poses a significant risk to the efficacy of these drugs, overshadowing their promising attributes. Gaining insight into structural alterations caused by aggregation and their impact on immunogenicity is vital for the advancement and refinement of protein therapeutics. Hence, in this review, we have discussed some features of protein aggregation during production, formulation and storage as well as stabilization strategies in protein engineering and computational methods to prevent aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdie Rahban
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Iran
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi-110062 India
| | | | | | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University Rome Italy
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran Tehran 1417614335 Iran +9821 66404680 +9821 66956984
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Gaikwad M, Richter F, Götz R, Dörrbaum A, Schumacher L, Tonillo J, Frech C, Kellner R, Hopf C. Site-Specific Structural Changes in Long-Term-Stressed Monoclonal Antibody Revealed with DEPC Covalent-Labeling and Quantitative Mass Spectrometry. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1418. [PMID: 37895889 PMCID: PMC10609731 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of structural changes in mAbs under forced stress and storage conditions are essential for the recognition of degradation hotspots, which can be further remodeled to improve the stability of the respective protein. Herein, we used diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC)-based covalent labeling mass spectrometry (CL-MS) to assess structural changes in a model mAb (SILuMAb). Structural changes in the heat-stressed mAb samples were confirmed at specific amino acid positions from the DEPC label mass seen in the fragment ion mass spectrum. The degree of structural change was also quantified by increased or decreased DEPC labeling at specific sites; an increase or decrease indicated an unfolded or aggregated state of the mAb, respectively. Strikingly, for heat-stressed SILuMAb samples, an aggregation-prone area was identified in the CDR region. In the case of longterm stress, the structural consequences for SILuMAb samples stored for up to two years at 2-8 °C were studied with SEC-UV and DEPC-based CL-MS. While SEC-UV analysis only indicated fragmentation of SILuMAb, DEPC-based CL-MS analysis further pinpointed the finding to structural disturbances of disulfide bonds at specific cysteines. This emphasized the utility of DEPC CL-MS for studying disulfide rearrangement. Taken together, our data suggests that DEPC CL-MS can complement more technically challenging methods in the evaluation of the structural stability of mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Gaikwad
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Str. 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (M.G.); (F.R.)
| | - Florian Richter
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Str. 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (M.G.); (F.R.)
| | - Rabea Götz
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Str. 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (M.G.); (F.R.)
| | - Aline Dörrbaum
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Str. 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (M.G.); (F.R.)
| | - Lena Schumacher
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Str. 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (M.G.); (F.R.)
| | - Jason Tonillo
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, ADCs & Targeted NBE Therapeutics, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Frech
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Str. 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roland Kellner
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, ADCs & Targeted NBE Therapeutics, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Carsten Hopf
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Str. 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; (M.G.); (F.R.)
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Str. 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Anthuparambil ND, Girelli A, Timmermann S, Kowalski M, Akhundzadeh MS, Retzbach S, Senft MD, Dargasz M, Gutmüller D, Hiremath A, Moron M, Öztürk Ö, Poggemann HF, Ragulskaya A, Begam N, Tosson A, Paulus M, Westermeier F, Zhang F, Sprung M, Schreiber F, Gutt C. Exploring non-equilibrium processes and spatio-temporal scaling laws in heated egg yolk using coherent X-rays. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5580. [PMID: 37696830 PMCID: PMC10495384 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The soft-grainy microstructure of cooked egg yolk is the result of a series of out-of-equilibrium processes of its protein-lipid contents; however, it is unclear how egg yolk constituents contribute to these processes to create the desired microstructure. By employing X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, we investigate the functional contribution of egg yolk constituents: proteins, low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), and yolk-granules to the development of grainy-gel microstructure and microscopic dynamics during cooking. We find that the viscosity of the heated egg yolk is solely determined by the degree of protein gelation, whereas the grainy-gel microstructure is controlled by the extent of LDL aggregation. Overall, protein denaturation-aggregation-gelation and LDL-aggregation follows Arrhenius-type time-temperature superposition (TTS), indicating an identical mechanism with a temperature-dependent reaction rate. However, above 75 °C TTS breaks down and temperature-independent gelation dynamics is observed, demonstrating that the temperature can no longer accelerate certain non-equilibrium processes above a threshold value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimmi Das Anthuparambil
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, 57072, Siegen, Germany.
| | - Anita Girelli
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Marvin Kowalski
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, 57072, Siegen, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Retzbach
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian D Senft
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Dennis Gutmüller
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anusha Hiremath
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Moron
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Özgül Öztürk
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, 57072, Siegen, Germany
| | | | | | - Nafisa Begam
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Amir Tosson
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, 57072, Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Paulus
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Fabian Westermeier
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fajun Zhang
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Gutt
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, 57072, Siegen, Germany.
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14
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Huang Y, Peng H, Zeng A, Song L. The role of peptides in reversing chemoresistance of breast cancer: current facts and future prospects. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1188477. [PMID: 37284316 PMCID: PMC10239817 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1188477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the first malignant tumor in women, and its incidence is also increasing year by year. Chemotherapy is one of the standard therapies for breast cancer, but the resistance of breast cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs is a huge challenge for the effective treatment of breast cancer. At present, in the study of reversing the drug resistance of solid tumors such as breast cancer, peptides have the advantages of high selectivity, high tissue penetration, and good biocompatibility. Some of the peptides that have been studied can overcome the resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs in the experiment, and effectively control the growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Here, we describe the mechanism of different peptides in reversing breast cancer resistance, including promoting cancer cell apoptosis; promoting non-apoptotic regulatory cell death of cancer cells; inhibiting the DNA repair mechanism of cancer cells; improving the tumor microenvironment; inhibiting drug efflux mechanism; and enhancing drug uptake. This review focuses on the different mechanisms of peptides in reversing breast cancer drug resistance, and these peptides are also expected to create clinical breakthroughs in promoting the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy drugs in breast cancer patients and improving the survival rate of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiu Huang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyao Peng
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Anqi Zeng
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology and Clinical Application, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Linjiang Song
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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15
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Bajrovic I, Croyle MA. Challenges in vaccine transport: can we deliver without the cold chain? Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:933-936. [PMID: 37861215 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2273901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irnela Bajrovic
- Jurata Thin Film, Chief Scientific Officer, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria A Croyle
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX, USA
- John R. LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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