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Kumar KP, Pushpam R, Manonmani S, Raveendran M, Santhiya S, Senthil A. Enhancing stress resilience in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) through profiling early-stage morpho-physiological and molecular responses to multiple abiotic stress tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1342441. [PMID: 38390300 PMCID: PMC10882102 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1342441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Under changing climatic conditions, crop plants are more adversely affected by a combination of various abiotic stresses than by a single abiotic stress. Therefore, it is essential to identify potential donors to multiple abiotic stresses for developing climate-resilient crop varieties. Hence, the present study was undertaken with 41 germplasm accessions comprising native landraces of Tamil Nadu, Prerelease lines and cultivars were screened independently for drought, salinity, and submergence at the seedling stage during Kharif and Rabi 2022-2023. Stress was imposed separately for these three abiotic stresses on 21-day-old seedlings and was maintained for 10 days. The studied genotypes showed a significant reduction in plant biomass (PB), Relative Growth Index (RGI), relative water content (RWC), leaf photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and Chlorophyll Concentration Index (CCI) under drought followed by salinity and submergence. Stress-tolerant indices for drought, salinity, and submergence revealed significant variation for plant biomass. Furthermore, a set of 30 SSR markers linked to drought, salinity, and submergence QTLs has been used to characterize 41 rice germplasm accessions. Our analysis suggests a significantly high polymorphism, with 28 polymorphic markers having a 93.40% in 76 loci. The mean values of polymorphic information content (PIC), heterozygosity index (HI), marker index (MI), and resolving power (RP) were 0.369, 0.433, 1.140, and 2.877, respectively. Jaccard clustering grouped all the genotypes into two major and six subclusters. According to STRUCTURE analysis, all genotypes were grouped into two major clusters, which are concurrent with a very broad genetic base (K = 2). Statistically significant marker-trait associations for biomass were observed for five polymorphic markers, viz., RM211, RM212 (drought), RM10694 (salinity), RM219, and RM21 (submergence). Similarly, significant markers for relative shoot length were observed for RM551 (drought), RM10694 (salinity), and ART5 (submergence). Notably, the genotypes Mattaikar, Varigarudan samba, Arupatham samba, and APD19002 were identified as potential donors for multiple abiotic stress tolerance. Thus, identifying the genetic potential of germplasm could be useful for enhancing stress resilience in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathiresan Pravin Kumar
- Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, India
| | - Ramamoorthy Pushpam
- Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, India
| | - Swaminathan Manonmani
- Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, India
| | - Muthurajan Raveendran
- Directorate of Research, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, India
| | - Subramanian Santhiya
- Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, India
| | - Alagarsamy Senthil
- Department of Crop Physiology, Directorate of Crop Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, India
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Pandita D, Mahajan R, Zargar SM, Nehvi FA, Dhekale B, Shafi F, Shah MUD, Sofi NR, Husaini AM. Trait specific marker-based characterization and population structure analysis in rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm of Kashmir Himalayas. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4155-4163. [PMID: 36881341 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08324-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice is a key food grain contributor to the global food grain basket and is considered the main food crop in India with a large number of varieties released every year. SSR markers have proven to be an excellent tool for studying genetic diversity. As a result, the present study was done to characterize and assess genetic diversity as well as population structural aspects. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty genotypes of rice were characterized using 40 SSR markers to assess the genetic diversity and genetic relationship. A total of 114 alleles were amplified with an average of 2.85 alleles per locus. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) values varied from 0.30 (RM162) to 0.58 (RM413) with an average of 0.44. Gene diversity was in the range of 0.35 (RM162) to 0.66 (RM413), with an average value of 0.52, while heterozygosity ranged from 0.18 (RM27) to 0.74 (RM55), with an average of 0.39. The population structure revealed a narrow genetic base with only three major subpopulations. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that 74% of the variation was attributed within individuals, 23% was among individuals, and 3% was among populations. Pairwise Fst value of population A & B is 0.024, population B & C is 0.120 and population A & C is 0.115. Dendrogram grouped the genotypes into three clusters with wide variation among the accessions. CONCLUSION Genotyping combined with phylogeny and population structure analysis proved to be a powerful method for characterizing germplasm in this study. There is significant gene flow within populations, as well as the presence of different combinations of alleles, and that allelic exchange rates within the populations are higher than among the populations. Assessing the genetic diversity among individual genotypes within populations is quite useful in selecting candidate parents for future breeding programs to improve the target traits in rice for the Himalayan region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Pandita
- Genome Engineering and Societal Biotechnology Lab, Division of Plant Biotechnology, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India
| | | | | | - Firdous A Nehvi
- Genome Engineering and Societal Biotechnology Lab, Division of Plant Biotechnology, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India
| | | | - Fouzia Shafi
- Division of Basic Sciences, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
| | | | | | - Amjad M Husaini
- Genome Engineering and Societal Biotechnology Lab, Division of Plant Biotechnology, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, 190025, India.
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Hassan HM, Hadifa AA, El-leithy SA, Batool M, Sherif A, Al-Ashkar I, Ueda A, Rahman MA, Hossain MA, Elsabagh A. Variable level of genetic dominance controls important agronomic traits in rice populations under water deficit condition. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14833. [PMID: 36815980 PMCID: PMC9933770 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant hybridization is an important breeding technique essential for producing a genotype (hybrid) with favorable traits (e.g., stress tolerance, pest resistance, high yield potential etc.) to increase agronomic, economic and commercial values. Studying of genetic dominance among the population helps to determine gene action, heritability and candidate gene selection for plant breeding program. Therefore, this investigation was aimed to evaluate gene action, heritability, genetic advance and heterosis of rice root, agronomic, and yield component traits under water deficit conditions. In this study, crossing was performed among the four different water-deficit tolerant rice genotypes to produce better hybrid (F1), segregating (F2) and back-cross (BC1 and BC2) populations. The Giza 178, WAB56-204, and Sakha104 × WAB56-104 populations showed the better physiological and agronomical performances, which provided better adaptability of the populations to water deficit condition. Additionally, the estimation of heterosis and heterobeltiosis of some quantitative traits in rice populations were also studied. The inheritance of all studied traits was influenced by additive gene actions. Dominance gene actions played a major role in controlling the genetic variance among studied traits in both crossed populations under well-watered and drought conditions. The additive × additive type of gene interactions was essential for the inheritance of root length, root/shoot ratio, 1,000-grain weight, and sterility % of two crossed populations under both conditions. On the contrary, the additive × dominance type of gene interactions was effective in the inheritance of all studied traits, except duration in Giza178 × Sakha106, and plant height in Sakha104 × WAB56-104 under water deficit condition. In both crosses, the dominance × dominance type of gene interactions was effective in the inheritance of root volume, root/shoot ratio, number of panicles/plant and 1,000-grain weight under both conditions. Moreover, dominance × dominance type of gene interaction played a major role in the inheritance of root length, number of roots/plant, plant height, panicle length, number of filled grain/panicle and grain yield/plant in Giza178 × Sakha106 under both conditions. The studied traits in both crossed populations indicated better genetic advance as they showed advanced qualitative and quantitative characters in rice populations under water deficit condition. Overall, our findings open a new avenue of future phenotypic and genotypic association studies in rice. These insights might be useful to the plant breeders and farmers for developing water deficit tolerant rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada M. Hassan
- Department of Rice Research, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Adel A. Hadifa
- Department of Rice Research, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Sara A. El-leithy
- Department of Rice Research, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Maria Batool
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ahmed Sherif
- Department of Rice Research, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt,College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ibrahim Al-Ashkar
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akihiro Ueda
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University of Economics, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Md Atikur Rahman
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Anwar Hossain
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Ayman Elsabagh
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt
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Yang Y, Yu J, Qian Q, Shang L. Enhancement of Heat and Drought Stress Tolerance in Rice by Genetic Manipulation: A Systematic Review. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:67. [PMID: 36562861 PMCID: PMC9789292 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00614-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
As a result of global warming, plants are subjected to ever-increasing abiotic stresses including heat and drought. Drought stress frequently co-occurs with heat stress as a result of water evaporation. These stressors have adverse effects on crop production, which in turn affects human food security. Rice is a major food resource grown widely in crop-producing regions throughout the world. However, increasingly common heat and drought stresses in growth regions can have negative impacts on seedling morphogenesis, reproductive organ establishment, overall yield, and quality. This review centers on responses to heat and drought stress in rice. Current knowledge of molecular regulation mechanisms is summarized. We focus on approaches to cope with heat and drought stress, both at the genetic level and from an agricultural practice perspective. This review establishes a basis for improving rice stress tolerance, grain quality, and yield for human benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Yang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 China
| | - Jianping Yu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Qian Qian
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 China
- China National Rice Research Institute (CNRRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311401 China
| | - Lianguang Shang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 China
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Rahaman F, Shukor Juraimi A, Rafii MY, Uddin K, Hassan L, Chowdhury AK, Karim SMR, Yusuf Rini B, Yusuff O, Bashar HMK, Hossain A. Allelopathic potential in rice - a biochemical tool for plant defence against weeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1072723. [PMID: 36589133 PMCID: PMC9795009 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1072723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a key crop for meeting the global food demand and ensuring food security. However, the crop has been facing great problems to combat the weed problem. Synthetic herbicides pose a severe threat to the long-term viability of agricultural output, agroecosystems, and human health. Allelochemicals, secondary metabolites of allelopathic plants, are a powerful tool for biological and eco-friendly weed management. The dynamics of weed species in various situations are determined by crop allelopathy. Phenolics and momilactones are the most common allelochemicals responsible for herbicidal effects in rice. The dispersion of allelochemicals is influenced not only by crop variety but also by climatic conditions. The most volatile chemicals, such as terpenoids, are usually emitted by crop plants in drought-stricken areas whereas the plants in humid zones release phytotoxins that are hydrophilic in nature, including phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The allelochemicals can disrupt the biochemical and physiological processes in weeds causing them to die finally. This study insight into the concepts of allelopathy and allelochemicals, types of allelochemicals, techniques of investigating allelopathic potential in rice, modes of action of allelochemicals, pathways of allelochemical production in plants, biosynthesis of allelochemicals in rice, factors influencing the production of allelochemicals in plants, genetical manipulation through breeding to develop allelopathic traits in rice, the significance of rice allelopathy in sustainable agriculture, etc. Understanding these biological phenomena may thus aid in the development of new and novel weed-control tactics while allowing farmers to manage weeds in an environmentally friendly manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdoushi Rahaman
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Shukor Juraimi
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Y. Rafii
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Uddin
- Department of Land Management, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Lutful Hassan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Abul Kashem Chowdhury
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | | | - Bashir Yusuf Rini
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Oladosu Yusuff
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - H. M. Khairul Bashar
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia
- On-Farm Research Division (OFRD), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Akbar Hossain
- Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
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Molecular and Physiological Evaluation of Bread Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes for Stay Green under Drought Stress. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122261. [PMID: 36553528 PMCID: PMC9778276 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Water availability is considered as the main limiting factor of wheat growth illuminating the need of cultivars best adapted to drought situations for better wheat production and yield. Among these, the stay-green trait is thought to be related to the ability of wheat plants to maintain photosynthesis and CO2 assimilation, and a detailed molecular understanding of this trait may help in the selection of high-yielding, drought-tolerant wheats. The current study, therefore, evaluated the physiological responses of the selected wheat genotypes under pot-induced water stress conditions through different field capacities. The study also focused on exploring the molecular mechanisms involved in drought tolerance conferred due to the stay-green trait by studying the expression pattern of the selected PSI-associated light-harvesting complex I (LHC1) and PSII-associated LHCII gene families related to pigment-binding proteins. The results revealed that the studied traits, including relative water content, membrane stability index and chlorophyll, were variably and negatively affected, while the proline content was positively enhanced in the studied wheats under water stress treatments. Molecular diagnosis of the selected wheat genotypes using the expression profile of 06 genes, viz. TaLhca1, TaLhca2, TaLhca3, TaLhcb1, TaLhcb4 and TaLhcb6 that encodes for the LHCI and LHCII proteins, indicated variable responses to different levels of drought stress. The results obtained showed the relation between the genotypes and the severity of the drought stress condition. Among the studied genotypes, Chirya-1 and SD-28 performed well with a higher level of gene expression under drought stress conditions and may be used in genetic crosses to enrich the genetic background of common wheat against drought stress.
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Mahpara S, Bashir MS, Ullah R, Bilal M, Kausar S, Latif MI, Arif M, Akhtar I, Brestic M, Zuan ATK, Salama EAA, Al-Hashimi A, Alfagham A. Field screening of diverse wheat germplasm for determining their adaptability to semi-arid climatic conditions. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265344. [PMID: 35303032 PMCID: PMC8932620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important staple food crop for one third of global population and important crop for securing future food security. Rapid changes in the climate on global scale could be a threat for future food security. This situation urges plant breeders to explore the genetic potential of existing wheat germplasm. This study screened forty diverse wheat genotypes for their yield under two different agroclimatic conditions, i.e., Layyah and Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan. Data relating to plant height, peduncle length, flag leaf area, spike length, number of spikelets, number of grains per spike, thousand grain weight, chlorophyll content and grain yield were recorded. The tested wheat genotypes significantly differed for grain yield and related traits. Grain yield was positively correlated with plant height, spike length, spike number, flag leaf length, number of grains per spike, and 1000-grain weight. Biplot obtained from the cluster analysis by Euclidean method grouped the studied genotypes in 3 different groups. The genotypes exhibited 10.77% variability within quadrants, whereas 72.36% variability was recorded between quadrants according to clustering. Dendrogram grouped the tested genotypes into two main clusters. The main cluster “I” comprised of 2 genotypes, i.e., ‘Seher-2006’ and ‘AS-2002’. The cluster “II” contained 38 genotypes based on Euclidian values. Genotypes within same cluster had smaller D2 values compared to those belonging to other clusters. The genetic relationships of genotypes provide useful information for breeding programs. Overall, the results revealed that genotypes ‘Line 9733’, ‘Bhakar-2002’, ‘Line A9’ and ‘SYN-46’ had better yield and yield stability under climatic conditions of southern Punjab. Therefore, these genotypes could be recommended for general cultivation in the study region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzadi Mahpara
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (MSB); (SM); (ATKZ)
| | - Muhammad Shafqat Bashir
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (MSB); (SM); (ATKZ)
| | - Rehmat Ullah
- Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Salma Kausar
- Senior Scientist (Agri Chemistry), Soil and Water Testing Laboratory, Lodhran, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Arif
- Scientific Officer (Lab), Soil and Water Testing Laboratory, Layyah, Pakistan
| | - Imran Akhtar
- Senior scientist (Ento), Regional Agriculture Research Institute, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ali Tan Kee Zuan
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (MSB); (SM); (ATKZ)
| | - Ehab A. A. Salama
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alanoud Alfagham
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Sakran RM, Ghazy MI, Rehan M, Alsohim AS, Mansour E. Molecular Genetic Diversity and Combining Ability for Some Physiological and Agronomic Traits in Rice under Well-Watered and Water-Deficit Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11050702. [PMID: 35270172 PMCID: PMC8912379 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit is a pivotal abiotic stress that detrimentally constrains rice growth and production. Thereupon, the development of high-yielding and drought-tolerant rice genotypes is imperative in order to sustain rice production and ensure global food security. The present study aimed to evaluate diverse exotic and local parental rice genotypes and their corresponding cross combinations under water-deficit versus well-watered conditions, determining general and specific combining ability effects, heterosis, and the gene action controlling important traits through half-diallel analysis. In addition, the research aimed to assess parental genetic distance (GD) employing simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and to determine its association with hybrid performance, heterosis, and specific combining ability (SCA) effects. Six diverse rice genotypes (exotic and local) and their 15 F1 hybrids were assessed for two years under water-deficit and well-watered conditions. The results revealed that water-deficit stress substantially declined days to heading, plant height, chlorophyll content, relative water content, grain yield, and yield attributes. Contrarily, leaf rolling and the sterility percentage were considerably increased compared to well-watered conditions. Genotypes differed significantly for all the studied characteristics under water-deficit and well-watered conditions. Both additive and non-additive gene actions were involved in governing the inheritance of all the studied traits; however, additive gene action was predominant for most traits. The parental genotypes P1 and P2 were identified as excellent combiners for earliness and the breeding of short stature genotypes. Moreover, P3, P4, and P6 were identified as excellent combiners to increase grain yield and its attributes under water-deficit conditions. The hybrid combinations; P1 × P4, P2 × P5, P3 × P4, and P4 × P6 were found to be good specific combiners for grain yield and its contributed traits under water-deficit conditions. The parental genetic distance (GD) ranged from 0.38 to 0.89, with an average of 0.70. It showed lower association with hybrid performance, heterosis, and combining ability effects for all the studied traits. Nevertheless, SCA revealed a significant association with hybrid performance and heterosis, which suggests that SCA is a good predictor for hybrid performance and heterosis under water-deficit conditions. Strong positive relationships were identified between grain yield and each of relative water content, chlorophyll content, number of panicles/plant, number of filled grains/panicle, and 1000-grain weight. This suggests that these traits could be exploited as important indirect selection criteria for improving rice grain yield under water-deficit conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghda M. Sakran
- Rice Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt; (R.M.S.); (M.I.G.)
| | - Mohamed I. Ghazy
- Rice Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt; (R.M.S.); (M.I.G.)
| | - Medhat Rehan
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Burydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Genetics, College of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Abdullah S. Alsohim
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Burydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (A.S.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.S.A.); (E.M.)
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Abdelrahman M, Selim ME, ElSayed MA, Ammar MH, Hussein FA, ElKholy NK, ElShamey EA, Khan N, Attia KA. Developing Novel Rice Genotypes Harboring Specific QTL Alleles Associated with High Grain Yield under Water Shortage Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2219. [PMID: 34686028 PMCID: PMC8538742 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Rice is considered a strategic crop for many countries around the world, being the main cash crop for farmers. Water shortage stress occurrence as a result of climate change is among the main threats challenging rice breeders in the last few decades. In the current study, 19 Fn-lines were developed from four populations by crossing a reverse thermo-responsive genic male sterile (rTGMS) line, M.J.5460S, with the three high-quality Egyptian commercial cultivars Giza177, Sakha105, Sakha106 and the promising line GZ7768 as male parents. These newly developed lines, along with their parents, and two water shortage stress-tolerant international genotypes (Azucena and IRAT170), were cultivated under water-shortage stress conditions and compared with their performance under well-watered conditions. Results indicated that the yielding ability of the 19 newly developed lines exceeded those for the two Egyptian parents (Giza177 and Sakha105) under well-watered conditions. The lines M.J5460S/GIZA177-3 and M.J5460S/GIZA177-12 were the best performing genotypes under water shortage stress conditions. The genetic and heritability in broad sense estimates indicated that direct selection for grain yield (GY) under water-shortage stress is highly effective in the current study. Molecular marker analysis revealed that M.J5460S/GIZA177-3 had accumulated the quantitative trait loci (QTL)s, on the chromosomes 2, 3, and 9, which contribute to GY under water-shortage stress from their high yielding tolerant ancestor, M.J5460S. It could be concluded that those lines are high yielding under both well-watered and water-stress conditions harboring several QTLs for yield enhancement under both conditions and that the markers RM555, RM14551, RM3199, RM257, RM242, and RM410 are among the markers that could be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding programs for such stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdelrahman
- Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh 33717, Egypt; (M.A.); (M.E.S.); (M.A.E.); (M.H.A.); (F.A.H.); (N.K.E.)
| | - Mahmoud E. Selim
- Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh 33717, Egypt; (M.A.); (M.E.S.); (M.A.E.); (M.H.A.); (F.A.H.); (N.K.E.)
| | - Mahmoud A. ElSayed
- Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh 33717, Egypt; (M.A.); (M.E.S.); (M.A.E.); (M.H.A.); (F.A.H.); (N.K.E.)
| | - Megahed H. Ammar
- Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh 33717, Egypt; (M.A.); (M.E.S.); (M.A.E.); (M.H.A.); (F.A.H.); (N.K.E.)
| | - Fatma A. Hussein
- Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh 33717, Egypt; (M.A.); (M.E.S.); (M.A.E.); (M.H.A.); (F.A.H.); (N.K.E.)
| | - Neama K. ElKholy
- Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh 33717, Egypt; (M.A.); (M.E.S.); (M.A.E.); (M.H.A.); (F.A.H.); (N.K.E.)
| | - Essam A. ElShamey
- Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Kafrelsheikh 33717, Egypt; (M.A.); (M.E.S.); (M.A.E.); (M.H.A.); (F.A.H.); (N.K.E.)
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Florida University, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Kotb A. Attia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Mohamed GM, Amer AM, Osman NH, Sedikc MZ, Hussein MH. Effects of different gelling agents on the different stages of rice regeneration in two rice cultivars. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5738-5744. [PMID: 34588885 PMCID: PMC8459084 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant tissue culture technology offers a solution for meeting the increasing commercial demand on economically important plants such as rice, a widespread dietary staple. However, significant genotype-specific morphogenetic responses constitute a considerable on rice regeneration in plant biotechnology contexts. Aside from genotype dependency, the components of the nutrient media including gelling agents have an important impact on regeneration efficiency. The current study explores the effect of different gelling agents on various stages of rice regeneration in two Egyptian rice cultivars-Sakha104 and Giza178. Media solidified with varying concentrations of a variety of gelling agents (agar, bacto agar, gelrite and phytagel) were tested for their impact on the frequency of callus induction, shoot regeneration and rooting. The results indicated gellan gum (gelrite and phytagel) was superior to agar products (agar and bacto agar) for callus induction. By contrast, no significant differences were found between different gelling agents for shoot regeneration. Gellan gum and media solidified with bacto agar were found to lead to significantly higher root regeneration than agar. The Sakha104 cultivar showed better responses than Giza 178 for callus induction and similar performance to the Giza 178 cultivar for root regeneration irrespective of the gelling agent. This work provides insights into the impact of different gelling agents on the morphogenetic response of two rice cultivars and can be used to help maximize the frequency of rice regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehad M Mohamed
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt.,Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Amer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Neama H Osman
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Z Sedikc
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Mona H Hussein
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
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11
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Loskutov IG. Advances in Cereal Crops Breeding. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081705. [PMID: 34451750 PMCID: PMC8399613 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor G Loskutov
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg 190000, Russia
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12
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Abdou NM, Abdel-Razek MA, Abd El-Mageed SA, Semida WM, Leilah AAA, Abd El-Mageed TAA, Ali EF, Majrashi A, Rady MOA. High Nitrogen Fertilization Modulates Morpho-Physiological Responses, Yield, and Water Productivity of Lowland Rice under Deficit Irrigation. AGRONOMY 2021; 11:1291. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11071291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Sustainability of rice production under flooding conditions has been challenged by water shortage and food demand. Applying higher nitrogen fertilization could be a practical solution to alleviate the deleterious effects of water stress on lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) in semi-arid conditions. For this purpose, field experiments were conducted during the summer of 2017 and 2018 seasons. These trials were conducted as split-split based on randomized complete blocks design with soil moisture regimes at three levels (120, 100 and 80% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), nitrogen fertilizers at two levels (N1—165 and N2—200 kg N ha−1) and three lowland Egyptian rice varieties [V1 (Giza178), V2 (Giza177) and V3 (Sakha104)] using three replications. For all varieties, growth (plant height, tillers No, effective tillers no), water status ((relative water content RWC, and membrane stability index, MSI), physiological responses (chlorophyll fluorescence, Relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), and yield were significantly increased with higher addition of nitrogen fertilizer under all water regimes. Variety V1 produced the highest grain yield compared to other varieties and the increases were 38% and 15% compared with V2 and V3, respectively. Increasing nitrogen up to 200 kg N ha−1 (N2) resulted in an increase in grain and straw yields by 12.7 and 18.2%, respectively, compared with N1. The highest irrigation water productivity (IWP) was recorded under I2 (0.89 kg m−3) compared to (0.83 kg m−3) and (0.82 kg m−3) for I1 and I3, respectively. Therefore, the new applied agro-management practice (deficit irrigation and higher nitrogen fertilizer) effectively saved irrigation water input by 50–60% when compared with the traditional cultivation method (flooding system). Hence, the new proposed innovative method for rice cultivation could be a promising strategy for enhancing the sustainability of rice production under water shortage conditions.
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