1
|
Đurić M, Subotić A, Prokić L, Trifunović-Momčilov M, Milošević S. Alterations in Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Responses of Impatiens walleriana to Drought by Methyl Jasmonate Foliar Application. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051072. [PMID: 37239432 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought stress affects plant growth and development through several mechanisms, including the induction of oxidative stress. To cope with drought, plants have drought tolerance mechanisms at the physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. In this study, the effects of foliar application of distilled water and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) (5 and 50 µM) on the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of Impatiens walleriana during two drought regimes (15 and 5% soil water content, SWC) were investigated. The results showed that plant response depended on the concentration of the elicitor and the stress intensity. The highest chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were observed at 5% SWC in plants pre-treated with 50 µM MeJA, while the MeJA did not have a significant effect on the chlorophyll a/b ratio in drought-stressed plants. Drought-induced formation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in plants sprayed with distilled water was significantly reduced in plant leaves pretreated with MeJA. The lower total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of secondary metabolites in MeJA-pretreated plants were observed. The foliar application of MeJA affected the proline content and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) in plants that suffered from drought. The expression of abscisic acid (ABA) metabolic genes (IwNCED4, IwAAO2, and IwABA8ox3) was the most affected in plants sprayed with 50 µM MeJA, while of the four analyzed aquaporin genes (IwPIP1;4, IwPIP2;2, IwPIP2;7, and IwTIP4;1), the expression of IwPIP1;4 and IwPIP2;7 was strongly induced in drought-stressed plants pre-treated with 50 µM MeJA. The study's findings demonstrated the significance of MeJA in regulating the gene expression of the ABA metabolic pathway and aquaporins, as well as the considerable alterations in oxidative stress responses of drought-stressed I. walleriana foliar sprayed with MeJA. The results improved our understanding of this horticulture plant's stress physiology and the field of plant hormones' interaction network in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Đurić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department for Plant Physiology, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Angelina Subotić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department for Plant Physiology, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Prokić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milana Trifunović-Momčilov
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department for Plant Physiology, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Milošević
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department for Plant Physiology, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu T, Liu Y, Fu G, Chen J, Lv T, Su D, Wang Y, Hu X, Su X, Harris AJ. Identification of genes involved in drought tolerance in seedlings of the desert grass, Psammochloa villosa (Poaceae), based on full-length isoform sequencing and de novo assembly from short reads. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 271:153630. [PMID: 35193087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Psammochloa villosa is a perennial herbaceous plant that is dominant within arid regions of the Inner Mongolian Plateau and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China, where it is an endemic species and exhibits strong drought tolerance and wind resistance. To study drought tolerance in P. villosa and determine its molecular basis, we simulated high and moderate drought stress in a controlled environment and then analyzed transcriptome sequences by combining long-read sequences from a representative, wild-grown individual with short reads from the treatment groups. We obtained 184,076 high-quality isoforms as a reference and 168,650 genes (91.6%), which we were able to annotate according to public databases. Ultimately, we obtained 119,005 unigenes representing the transcriptome of P. villosa under drought stress and, among these, we identified 3089 differentially expressed genes and 1484 transcription factors. Physiologically, P. villosa that was exposed to high and moderate drought stress had reduced germination rates and shorter buds but generated more chlorophyll, which is atypical under drought stress and possibly reflects an adaptation of these plants to their arid environment. We inferred that significantly upregulated genes were annotated as 'Chlorophyll a-b binding protein' and 'Light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein' among drought and control groups. Broadly, our analyses revealed that drought stress triggered many genome-level responses, especially related to mitigation of radical oxygen species (ROS), which increase in concentration under drought stress. In particular, in the high drought stress group compared with the control, GO enrichment analysis revealed a significant enrichment of upregulated genes (n = 10) involved in mitigation of oxidative stress. Similarly, using KEGG we found significant enrichment of genes in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway (11 genes), which yields phenols that scavenge ROS. We also inferred that many genes involved in metabolism of arginine and proline, which may serve as both scavengers of ROS and osmoprotectants that interact with stress response genes based on our protein-protein interaction network analysis. We verified the relative expression levels of eight genes associated with mitigation of ROS, DNA repair, and transmembrane transporter activity using qRT-PCR, and the results were consistent with our inferences from transcriptomes. This study provides insights into the genomic and physiological basis of drought tolerance in P. villosa and represents a resource for development of the species as a forage crop via molecular breeding within arid lands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- School of Geography, Qinghai Normal University, No. 38 Wusixi Road, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Yuping Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, No. 38 Wusixi Road, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Gui Fu
- School of Geography, Qinghai Normal University, No. 38 Wusixi Road, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Jinyuan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, No. 38 Wusixi Road, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Ting Lv
- School of Geography, Qinghai Normal University, No. 38 Wusixi Road, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Dandan Su
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, No. 38 Wusixi Road, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, No. 38 Wusixi Road, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Xiayu Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, No. 38 Wusixi Road, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Xu Su
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, No. 38 Wusixi Road, Xining, 810008, China; Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Xueyuan Road, Xining, 810016, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Animal and Plant Resources of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Qinghai Province, Qinghai Normal University, No. 38 Wusixi Road, Xining, 810008, China; Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, No. 38 Wusixi Road, Xining, Xining, 810008, China.
| | - A J Harris
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Song YX, Peng S, Mutie FM, Jiang H, Ren J, Cong YY, Hu GW. Evolution and Taxonomic Significance of Seed Micromorphology in Impatiens (Balsaminaceae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:835943. [PMID: 35251107 PMCID: PMC8889038 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.835943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Impatiens is one of the most species-rich genera of angiosperms, with more than 1,000 species distributed in Eurasia and Africa. Previous studies have shown that seeds of Impatiens display enormous morphological diversity, and seed micromorphology may contribute to the classification of those species. However, the micromorphological seed coat characteristics of Impatiens seeds have not been systematically studied. In this study, we examined 117 Impatiens seeds from two subgenera and seven sections, and analyzed the seed characters of shape, primary ornamentation, secondary ornamentation, anticlinal cell wall, and periclinal cell wall. We discovered that, according to the different shapes of ornamentation, seed coat can be divided into three types, viz, reticulate type, protrusive type, appendicular type, and that they can be further subdivided into 10 subtypes. In addition, the characteristics of seed coat ornamentation with taxonomic significance in this genus are discussed. We reconstructed the ancestral states of the above seed characters of the Impatiens using the maximum likelihood approach based on the reconstructed phylogenetic framework. The seed character reconstruction showed that the seed shape, primary ornamentation, and anticlinal cell wall could be identified as unambiguous, while other characters were ambiguous in the last common ancestor of Impatiens. Reconstruction of important seed morphological characters showed that the secondary ornamentation possesses high plasticity, and the primary ornamentation has high homology. In addition, we inferred the evolutionary trends of seed ornamentation and found that the seed coat ornamentation of Impatiens experienced a complex evolutionary process from a reticulate type into more complex types. We also discussed the relationship between seed coat diversity vs. environmental adaptation and seed dispersal in Impatiens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xiu Song
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Peng
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fredrick Munyao Mutie
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Yan Cong
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Song YX, Xiao Y, Peng S, Cong YY, Hu GW. Two New Species of Impatiens from China, and Taxonomic Insights into the Longifilamenta Group, Which Is Endemic to China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1697. [PMID: 34451742 PMCID: PMC8398093 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Impatiens longshanensis (The LSID for the name Impatiens longshanensis is: 77219154-1) sp. nov. and I. lihengiana (The LSID for the name I. lihengiana is: 77219153-1) sp. nov., from Hunan, China, are described and illustrated here. The molecular phylogenetic study suggests that I. longshanensis and I. lihengiana should be placed in the I. sect. Impatiens. A detailed description, diagnostic characters between the two new species and allied species, pollen and seed morphology, and color photographs are provided. In addition, based on wide sampling, we found that the longifilamenta group, an endemic group to China, whose members have basal lobes of lateral united petals with long filamentous hairs, shows significant morphological variability. In this paper, we discuss the taxonomic significance of morphological characteristics within this group. Based on a literature review and observation of living materials in the field, an updated identification key for this group is also proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xiu Song
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (Y.-X.S.); (Y.X.)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Yan Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (Y.-X.S.); (Y.X.)
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 430074, China
| | - Shuai Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China;
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi-Yan Cong
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (Y.-X.S.); (Y.X.)
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China;
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|