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Xue C, Sun L, Tai P. Response to the letter to the editor "Decreased cadmium content in Solanum melongena induced by grafting was related to glucosinolates synthesis" by Xue et al. (2024). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173064. [PMID: 38723960 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Xue
- Key Lab of Eco-restoration of Reginal Contaminated Environmental, Shenyang University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110044, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lizong Sun
- Key Lab of Eco-restoration of Reginal Contaminated Environmental, Shenyang University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110044, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Peidong Tai
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Leporino M, Rouphael Y, Bonini P, Colla G, Cardarelli M. Protein hydrolysates enhance recovery from drought stress in tomato plants: phenomic and metabolomic insights. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1357316. [PMID: 38533405 PMCID: PMC10963501 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1357316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Introduction High-throughput phenotyping technologies together with metabolomics analysis can speed up the development of highly efficient and effective biostimulants for enhancing crop tolerance to drought stress. The aim of this study was to examine the morphophysiological and metabolic changes in tomato plants foliarly treated with two protein hydrolysates obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of vegetal proteins from Malvaceae (PH1) or Fabaceae (PH2) in comparison with a control treatment, as well as to investigate the mechanisms involved in the enhancement of plant resistance to repeated drought stress cycles. Methods A phenotyping device was used for daily monitoring morphophysiological traits while untargeted metabolomics analysis was carried out in leaves of the best performing treatment based on phenotypic results.Results: PH1 treatment was the most effective in enhancing plant resistance to water stress due to the better recovery of digital biomass and 3D leaf area after each water stress event while PH2 was effective in mitigating water stress only during the recovery period after the first drought stress event. Metabolomics data indicated that PH1 modified primary metabolism by increasing the concentration of dipeptides and fatty acids in comparison with untreated control, as well as secondary metabolism by regulating several compounds like phenols. In contrast, hormones and compounds involved in detoxification or signal molecules against reactive oxygen species were downregulated in comparison with untreated control. Conclusion The above findings demonstrated the advantages of a combined phenomics-metabolomics approach for elucidating the relationship between metabolic and morphophysiological changes associated with a biostimulant-mediated increase of crop resistance to repeated water stress events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Leporino
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences at the University of Naples, Portici, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonini
- oloBion SL, Barcelona, Spain
- Arcadia s.r.l., Rivoli Veronese, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- Arcadia s.r.l., Rivoli Veronese, Italy
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Sun W, Shahrajabian MH, Kuang Y, Wang N. Amino Acids Biostimulants and Protein Hydrolysates in Agricultural Sciences. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:210. [PMID: 38256763 PMCID: PMC10819947 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The effects of different types of biostimulants on crops include improving the visual quality of the final products, stimulating the immune systems of plants, inducing the biosynthesis of plant defensive biomolecules, removing heavy metals from contaminated soil, improving crop performance, reducing leaching, improving root development and seed germination, inducing tolerance to abiotic and biotic stressors, promoting crop establishment and increasing nutrient-use efficiency. Protein hydrolysates are mixtures of polypeptides and free amino acids resulting from enzymatic and chemical hydrolysis of agro-industrial protein by-products obtained from animal or plant origins, and they are able to alleviate environmental stress effects, improve growth, and promote crop productivity. Amino acids involve various advantages such as increased yield and yield components, increased nutrient assimilation and stress tolerance, and improved yield components and quality characteristics. They are generally achieved through chemical or enzymatic protein hydrolysis, with significant capabilities to influence the synthesis and activity of some enzymes, gene expression, and redox-homeostasis. Increased yield, yield components, and crop quality; improved and regulated oxidation-reduction process, photosynthesis, and physiological activities; decreased negative effects of toxic components; and improved anti-fungal activities of plants are just some of the more important benefits of the application of phenols and phenolic biostimulants. The aim of this manuscript is to survey the impacts of amino acids, different types of protein hydrolysates, phenols, and phenolic biostimulants on different plants by presenting case studies and successful paradigms in several horticultural and agricultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Sun
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13-4260-83836
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Cardarelli M, El Chami A, Rouphael Y, Ciriello M, Bonini P, Erice G, Cirino V, Basile B, Corrado G, Choi S, Kim HJ, Colla G. Plant biostimulants as natural alternatives to synthetic auxins in strawberry production: physiological and metabolic insights. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1337926. [PMID: 38264017 PMCID: PMC10803581 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1337926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The demand for high-quality strawberries continues to grow, emphasizing the need for innovative agricultural practices to enhance both yield and fruit quality. In this context, the utilization of natural products, such as biostimulants, has emerged as a promising avenue for improving strawberry production while aligning with sustainable and eco-friendly agricultural approaches. This study explores the influence of a bacterial filtrate (BF), a vegetal-derived protein hydrolysate (PH), and a standard synthetic auxin (SA) on strawberry, investigating their effects on yield, fruit quality, mineral composition and metabolomics of leaves and fruits. Agronomic trial revealed that SA and BF significantly enhanced early fruit yield due to their positive influence on flowering and fruit set, while PH treatment favored a gradual and prolonged fruit set, associated with an increased shoot biomass and sustained production. Fruit quality analysis showed that PH-treated fruits exhibited an increase of firmness and soluble solids content, whereas SA-treated fruits displayed lower firmness and soluble solids content. The ionomic analysis of leaves and fruits indicated that all treatments provided sufficient nutrients, with heavy metals within regulatory limits. Metabolomics indicated that PH stimulated primary metabolites, while SA and BF directly affected flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis, and PH increased fruit quality through enhanced production of beneficial metabolites. This research offers valuable insights for optimizing strawberry production and fruit quality by harnessing the potential of natural biostimulants as viable alternative to synthetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio El Chami
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Michele Ciriello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | | | - Gorka Erice
- Atens - Agrotecnologías Naturales, La Riera de Gaià, Spain
| | | | - Boris Basile
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Corrado
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Seunghyun Choi
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M University, Uvalde, TX, United States
| | - Hye-Ji Kim
- Agri-tech and Food Innovation Department, Urban Food Solutions Division, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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5
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Bělonožníková K, Černý M, Hýsková V, Synková H, Valcke R, Hodek O, Křížek T, Kavan D, Vaňková R, Dobrev P, Haisel D, Ryšlavá H. Casein as protein and hydrolysate: Biostimulant or nitrogen source for Nicotiana tabacum plants grown in vitro? PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13973. [PMID: 37402155 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to inorganic nitrogen (N) assimilation, the role of organic N forms, such as proteins and peptides, as sources of N and their impact on plant metabolism remains unclear. Simultaneously, organic biostimulants are used as priming agents to improve plant defense response. Here, we analysed the metabolic response of tobacco plants grown in vitro with casein hydrolysate or protein. As the sole source of N, casein hydrolysate enabled tobacco growth, while protein casein was used only to a limited extent. Free amino acids were detected in the roots of tobacco plants grown with protein casein but not in the plants grown with no source of N. Combining hydrolysate with inorganic N had beneficial effects on growth, root N uptake and protein content. The metabolism of casein-supplemented plants shifted to aromatic (Trp), branched-chain (Ile, Leu, Val) and basic (Arg, His, Lys) amino acids, suggesting their preferential uptake and/or alterations in their metabolic pathways. Complementarily, proteomic analysis of tobacco roots identified peptidase C1A and peptidase S10 families as potential key players in casein degradation and response to N starvation. Moreover, amidases were significantly upregulated, most likely for their role in ammonia release and impact on auxin synthesis. In phytohormonal analysis, both forms of casein influenced phenylacetic acid and cytokinin contents, suggesting a root system response to scarce N availability. In turn, metabolomics highlighted the stimulation of some plant defense mechanisms under such growth conditions, that is, the high concentrations of secondary metabolites (e.g., ferulic acid) and heat shock proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Bělonožníková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Hýsková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Synková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Roland Valcke
- Molecular and Physical Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ondřej Hodek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Křížek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Kavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Radomíra Vaňková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petre Dobrev
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Haisel
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Ryšlavá
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha 2, Czech Republic
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Malécange M, Sergheraert R, Teulat B, Mounier E, Lothier J, Sakr S. Biostimulant Properties of Protein Hydrolysates: Recent Advances and Future Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119714. [PMID: 37298664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, plant biostimulants have been increasingly used in agriculture as environment-friendly tools that improve the sustainability and resilience of crop production systems under environmental stresses. Protein hydrolysates (PHs) are a main category of biostimulants produced by chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins from animal or plant sources. Mostly composed of amino acids and peptides, PHs have a beneficial effect on multiple physiological processes, including photosynthetic activity, nutrient assimilation and translocation, and also quality parameters. They also seem to have hormone-like activities. Moreover, PHs enhance tolerance to abiotic stresses, notably through the stimulation of protective processes such as cell antioxidant activity and osmotic adjustment. Knowledge on their mode of action, however, is still piecemeal. The aims of this review are as follows: (i) Giving a comprehensive overview of current findings about the hypothetical mechanisms of action of PHs; (ii) Emphasizing the knowledge gaps that deserve to be urgently addressed with a view to efficiently improve the benefits of biostimulants for different plant crops in the context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Malécange
- Institut Agro, Univ Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QuaSaV, 49000 Angers, France
- BCF Life Sciences, Boisel, 56140 Pleucadeuc, France
| | | | - Béatrice Teulat
- Institut Agro, Univ Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QuaSaV, 49000 Angers, France
| | | | - Jérémy Lothier
- Institut Agro, Univ Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QuaSaV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Soulaiman Sakr
- Institut Agro, Univ Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QuaSaV, 49000 Angers, France
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7
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Wu D, Wang Y, Qi S, Yuan Y, Guo J, Chen G, Ahmad M, Jiang B, Jin Y. Effects of the Structure and Molecular Weight of Alkali-Oxygen Lignin Isolated from Rice Straw on the Growth of Maize Seedlings. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1377-1387. [PMID: 36799412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The abundant and low-cost features of lignin in combination with its natural activities make it a fascinating biopolymer for valorization, especially, in agriculture as an active plant growth regulator. However, the structure-activity relationship of lignin in regulating plant growth and metabolism remains unclear. In this work, rice-straw-based low-molecular-weight (LWM, 1860 Da) and high-molecular-weight (HMW, 6840 Da) alkali-oxygen lignins are structurally and comparatively investigated to understand their effects on the growth and metabolism of maize seedlings. The results indicate that LMW lignin at 150 mg·L-1 displays early growth stimulation in maize. Under the optimal concentration of LMW lignin (25 mg·L-1), the growth of maize shoot is ∼83% higher than that of the control one. Furthermore, LMW lignin also has a positive effect on the upregulation of photosynthetic pigment, carbohydrate, and protein synthesis. In contrast, HMW lignin shows an overall inhibitory effect on the above-mentioned biochemical parameters. Based on the structural characterization, LMW lignin contains a higher syringyl/guaiacyl ratio (0.78) and carboxyl content (1.64 mmol·g-1) than HMW lignin (0.43 and 1.27 mmol·g-1, respectively), which demonstrates that methoxyl and carboxyl content of lignin may play a decisive role in seedling growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shuang Qi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yufeng Yuan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Gegu Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mehraj Ahmad
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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8
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Zuzunaga-Rosas J, González-Orenga S, Calone R, Rodríguez-Heredia R, Asaff-Torres A, Boscaiu M, Ibáñez-Asensio S, Moreno-Ramón H, Vicente O. Use of a Biostimulant to Mitigate the Effects of Excess Salinity in Soil and Irrigation Water in Tomato Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1190. [PMID: 36904049 PMCID: PMC10005399 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is linked to progressive soil salinisation, which reduces crop yields, especially in irrigated farmland on arid and semiarid regions. Therefore, it is necessary to apply sustainable and effective solutions that contribute to enhanced crop salt tolerance. In the present study, we tested the effects of a commercial biostimulant (BALOX®) containing glycine betaine (GB) and polyphenols on the activation of salinity defense mechanisms in tomato. The evaluation of different biometric parameters and the quantification of biochemical markers related to particular stress responses (osmolytes, cations, anions, oxidative stress indicators, and antioxidant enzymes and compounds) was carried out at two phenological stages (vegetative growth and the beginning of reproductive development) and under different salinity conditions (saline and non-saline soil, and irrigation water), using two formulations (different GB concentrations) and two doses of the biostimulant. Once the experiments were completed, the statistical analysis revealed that both formulations and doses of the biostimulant produced very similar effects. The application of BALOX® improved plant growth and photosynthesis and assisted osmotic adjustment in root and leaf cells. The biostimulant effects are mediated by the control of ion transport, reducing the uptake of toxic Na+ and Cl- ions and favoring the accumulation of beneficial K+ and Ca2+ cations, and a significant increase in leaf sugar and GB contents. BALOX® significantly reduced salt-induced oxidative stress and its harmful effects, as evidenced by a decrease in the concentration of oxidative stress biomarkers, such as malondialdehyde and oxygen peroxide, which was accompanied by the reduction of proline and antioxidant compound contents and the specific activity of antioxidant enzymes with respect to the non-treated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Zuzunaga-Rosas
- Department of Plant Production, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain (H.M.-R.)
- Innovak Global S. A. de C. V., Blvd. Lombardo Toledano 6615, La Concordia, Chihuahua 31375, Mexico
| | - Sara González-Orenga
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Roberta Calone
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, I-40128 Bologna, I-00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Raúl Rodríguez-Heredia
- Innovak Global S. A. de C. V., Blvd. Lombardo Toledano 6615, La Concordia, Chihuahua 31375, Mexico
| | - Ali Asaff-Torres
- Innovak Global S. A. de C. V., Blvd. Lombardo Toledano 6615, La Concordia, Chihuahua 31375, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A. C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Monica Boscaiu
- Mediterranean Agroforestry Institute (IAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Ibáñez-Asensio
- Department of Plant Production, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain (H.M.-R.)
| | - Héctor Moreno-Ramón
- Department of Plant Production, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain (H.M.-R.)
| | - Oscar Vicente
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Organic fragments of k-carrageenan, lipids and peptides plus K-rich inorganic fraction in Kappaphycus alvarezii biomass are responsible for growth stimulus in rice plant when applied both foliar and root pathway. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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10
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Zuluaga MYA, Monterisi S, Rouphael Y, Colla G, Lucini L, Cesco S, Pii Y. Different vegetal protein hydrolysates distinctively alleviate salinity stress in vegetable crops: A case study on tomato and lettuce. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1077140. [PMID: 36875568 PMCID: PMC9975731 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1077140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved diverse plant-species specific tolerance mechanisms to cope with salt stress. However, these adaptive strategies often inefficiently mitigate the stress related to increasing salinity. In this respect, plant-based biostimulants have gained increasing popularity since they can alleviate deleterious effects of salinity. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of tomato and lettuce plants grown under high salinity and the possible protective effects of four biostimulants based on vegetal protein hydrolysates. Plants were set in a 2 × 5 factorial experimental design completely randomized with two salt conditions, no salt (0 mM) and high salt (120 mM for tomato or 80 mM for lettuce), and five biostimulant treatments (C: Malvaceae-derived, P: Poaceae-derived, D: Legume-derived commercial 'Trainer®', H: Legume-derived commercial 'Vegamin®', and Control: distilled water). Our results showed that both salinity and biostimulant treatments affected the biomass accumulation in the two plant species, albeit to different extents. The salinity stress induced a higher activity of antioxidant enzymes (e.g., catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) and the overaccumulation of osmolyte proline in both lettuce and tomato plants. Interestingly, salt-stressed lettuce plants showed a higher accumulation of proline as compared to tomato plants. On the other hand, the treatment with biostimulants in salt-stressed plants caused a differential induction of enzymatic activity depending on the plant and the biostimulant considered. Overall, our results suggest that tomato plants were constitutively more tolerant to salinity than lettuce plants. As a consequence, the effectiveness of biostimulants in alleviating high salt concentrations was more evident in lettuce. Among the four biostimulants tested, P and D showed to be the most promising for the amelioration of salt stress in both the plant species, thereby suggesting their possible application in the agricultural practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Monterisi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen/Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Stefano Cesco
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen/Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Youry Pii
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen/Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
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Cristofano F, El-Nakhel C, Colla G, Cardarelli M, Pii Y, Lucini L, Rouphael Y. Modulation of Morpho-Physiological and Metabolic Profiles of Lettuce Subjected to Salt Stress and Treated with Two Vegetal-Derived Biostimulants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:709. [PMID: 36840057 PMCID: PMC9964113 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Salinity in water and soil is a critical issue for food production. Using biostimulants provides an effective strategy to protect crops from salinity-derived yield losses. The research supports the effectiveness of protein hydrolysate (PH) biostimulants based on their source material. A greenhouse experiment was performed on lettuce plants under control (0 mM NaCl) and high salinity conditions (30 mM NaCl) using the Trainer (T) and Vegamin (V) PH biostimulants. The recorded data included yield parameters, mineral contents, auxiliary pigments, and polyphenolics. The plant sample material was further analyzed to uncover the unique metabolomic trace of the two biostimulants. The results showed an increased yield (8.9/4.6%, T/V) and higher photosynthetic performance (14%) compared to control and salinity treatments. Increased yield in salinity condition by T compared to V was deemed significant due to the positive modulation in stress-protecting molecules having an oxidative stress relief effect such as lutein (39.9% 0 × T vs. 30 × V), β-carotene (23.4% vs. V overall), and flavonoids (27.7% vs. V). The effects of PH biostimulants on the physio-chemical and metabolic performance of lettuce plants are formulation dependent. However, they increased plant growth under stress conditions, which can prove profitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cristofano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Christophe El-Nakhel
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cardarelli
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Youry Pii
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen/Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
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12
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Cristofano F, El-Nakhel C, Colla G, Cardarelli M, Pii Y, Lucini L, Rouphael Y. Tracking the Biostimulatory Effect of Fractions from a Commercial Plant Protein Hydrolysate in Greenhouse-Grown Lettuce. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010107. [PMID: 36670969 PMCID: PMC9854572 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein hydrolysate biostimulants are environmentally friendly options for the reduction of nitrogen input, but their plant growth-promoting mechanisms are still not completely unveiled. Here, to put the “signaling peptide theory” to the test, a greenhouse experiment was undertaken using low (1 mM) and optimal (8 mM) NO3-treated butterhead lettuce and three molecular fractions (PH1 (>10 kDa), PH2 (1−10 kDa) and PH3 (<10 kDa) fractions), in addition to the whole product Vegamin®: PH, in a randomized block design. PH1 and PH3 significantly increased fresh yield (+8%) under optimal (lighter leaves), but not under low (darker leaves) NO3 conditions. Total ascorbic acid, lutein and β-carotene increased with PH3, and disinapoylgentobiose and kaempferol-3-hydroxyferuloyl-sophorosie-7-glucoside content increased with PH (whole/fractions) treatments, particularly under low NO3 conditions. The complete hydrolysate and analyzed peptide fractions have differential biostimulatory effects, enhancing the growth and nutritional quality of lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cristofano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Christophe El-Nakhel
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cardarelli
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Youry Pii
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen/Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Correspondence:
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13
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Integrated Metabolomics and Morpho-Biochemical Analyses Reveal a Better Performance of Azospirillum brasilense over Plant-Derived Biostimulants in Counteracting Salt Stress in Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214216. [PMID: 36430691 PMCID: PMC9698407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased soil salinity is one of the main concerns in agriculture and food production, and it negatively affects plant growth and crop productivity. In order to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity stress, plant biostimulants (PBs) have been indicated as a promising approach. Indeed, these products have a beneficial effect on plants by acting on primary and secondary metabolism and by inducing the accumulation of protective molecules against oxidative stress. In this context, the present work is aimed at comparatively investigating the effects of microbial (i.e., Azospirillum brasilense) and plant-derived biostimulants in alleviating salt stress in tomato plants by adopting a multidisciplinary approach. To do so, the morphological and biochemical effects were assessed by analyzing the biomass accumulation and root characteristics, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and osmotic stress protection. Furthermore, modifications in the metabolomic profiles of both leaves and root exudates were also investigated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTOF-MS). According to the results, biomass accumulation decreased under high salinity. However, the treatment with A. brasilense considerably improved root architecture and increased root biomass by 156% and 118% in non-saline and saline conditions, respectively. The antioxidant enzymes and proline production were enhanced in salinity stress at different levels according to the biostimulant applied. Moreover, the metabolomic analyses pointed out a wide set of processes being affected by salinity and biostimulant interactions. Crucial compounds belonging to secondary metabolism (phenylpropanoids, alkaloids and other N-containing metabolites, and membrane lipids) and phytohormones (brassinosteroids, cytokinins and methylsalicylate) showed the most pronounced modulation. Overall, our results suggest a better performance of A. brasilense in alleviating high salinity than the vegetal-derived protein hydrolysates herein evaluated.
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14
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Jacquens L, Trouvelot S, Lemaitre-Guillier C, Krzyzaniak Y, Clément G, Citerne S, Mouille G, Moreau E, Héloir MC, Adrian M. Biostimulation can prime elicitor induced resistance of grapevine leaves to downy mildew. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:998273. [PMID: 36438082 PMCID: PMC9682252 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.998273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Using plant defense elicitors to protect crops against diseases is an attractive strategy to reduce chemical pesticide use. However, development of elicitors remains limited because of variable effectiveness in the field. In contrast to fungicides that directly target pathogens, elicitors activate plant immunity, which depends on plant physiological status. Other products, the biostimulants, can improve certain functions of plants. In this study, the objective was to determine whether a biostimulant via effects on grapevine physiology could increase effectiveness of a defense elicitor. A new methodology was developed to study biostimulant activity under controlled conditions using in vitro plantlets. Both biostimulant and defense elicitor used in the study were plant extracts. When added to the culture medium, the biostimulant accelerated the beginning of plantlet growth and affected the shoot and root development. It also modified metabolomes and phytohormone contents of leaves, stems, and roots. When applied on shoots, the defense elicitor changed metabolite and phytohormone contents, but effects were different depending on whether plantlets were biostimulated or controls. Defense responses and protection against Plasmopara viticola (downy mildew agent) were induced only for plantlets previously treated with the biostimulant, Therefore, the biostimulant may act by priming the defense elicitor action. In this study, a new method to screen biostimulants active on grapevine vegetative growth was used to demonstrate that a biostimulant can optimize the efficiency of a plant defense elicitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Jacquens
- Agroécologie, Institut Agro Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Trouvelot
- Agroécologie, Institut Agro Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | | | - Yuko Krzyzaniak
- Agroécologie, Institut Agro Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Gilles Clément
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Sylvie Citerne
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Grégory Mouille
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Estelle Moreau
- Laboratoires Goëmar, Parc Technopolitain Atalante, Saint Malo, France
| | - Marie-Claire Héloir
- Agroécologie, Institut Agro Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Marielle Adrian
- Agroécologie, Institut Agro Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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15
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Ganugi P, Fiorini A, Ardenti F, Caffi T, Bonini P, Taskin E, Puglisi E, Tabaglio V, Trevisan M, Lucini L. Nitrogen use efficiency, rhizosphere bacterial community, and root metabolome reprogramming due to maize seed treatment with microbial biostimulants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13679. [PMID: 35362106 PMCID: PMC9324912 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seed inoculation with beneficial microorganisms has gained importance as it has been proven to show biostimulant activity in plants, especially in terms of abiotic/biotic stress tolerance and plant growth promotion, representing a sustainable way to ensure yield stability under low input sustainable agriculture. Nevertheless, limited knowledge is available concerning the molecular and physiological processes underlying the root-inoculant symbiosis or plant response at the root system level. Our work aimed to integrate the interrelationship between agronomic traits, rhizosphere microbial population and metabolic processes in roots, following seed treatment with either arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) or Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). To this aim, maize was grown under open field conditions with either optimal or reduced nitrogen availability. Both seed treatments increased nitrogen uptake efficiency under reduced nitrogen supply revealed some microbial community changes among treatments at root microbiome level and limited yield increases, while significant changes could be observed at metabolome level. Amino acid, lipid, flavone, lignan, and phenylpropanoid concentrations were mostly modulated. Integrative analysis of multi-omics datasets (Multiple Co-Inertia Analysis) highlighted a strong correlation between the metagenomics and the untargeted metabolomics datasets, suggesting a coordinate modulation of root physiological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ganugi
- Department for Sustainable Food ProcessUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenzaItaly
| | - Andrea Fiorini
- Department of Sustainable Crop ProductionUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenzaItaly
| | - Federico Ardenti
- Department of Sustainable Crop ProductionUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenzaItaly
| | - Tito Caffi
- Department of Sustainable Crop ProductionUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenzaItaly
| | | | - Eren Taskin
- Department for Sustainable Food ProcessUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenzaItaly
| | - Edoardo Puglisi
- Department for Sustainable Food ProcessUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenzaItaly
| | - Vincenzo Tabaglio
- Department of Sustainable Crop ProductionUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenzaItaly
| | - Marco Trevisan
- Department for Sustainable Food ProcessUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenzaItaly
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food ProcessUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenzaItaly
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16
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Sorrentino M, Panzarová K, Spyroglou I, Spíchal L, Buffagni V, Ganugi P, Rouphael Y, Colla G, Lucini L, De Diego N. Integration of Phenomics and Metabolomics Datasets Reveals Different Mode of Action of Biostimulants Based on Protein Hydrolysates in Lactuca sativa L. and Solanum lycopersicum L. Under Salinity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:808711. [PMID: 35185959 PMCID: PMC8851396 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.808711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant phenomics is becoming a common tool employed to characterize the mode of action of biostimulants. A combination of this technique with other omics such as metabolomics can offer a deeper understanding of a biostimulant effect in planta. However, the most challenging part then is the data analysis and the interpretation of the omics datasets. In this work, we present an example of how different tools, based on multivariate statistical analysis, can help to simplify the omics data and extract the relevant information. We demonstrate this by studying the effect of protein hydrolysate (PH)-based biostimulants derived from different natural sources in lettuce and tomato plants grown in controlled conditions and under salinity. The biostimulants induced different phenotypic and metabolomic responses in both crops. In general, they improved growth and photosynthesis performance under control and salt stress conditions, with better performance in lettuce. To identify the most significant traits for each treatment, a random forest classifier was used. Using this approach, we found out that, in lettuce, biomass-related parameters were the most relevant traits to evaluate the biostimulant mode of action, with a better response mainly connected to plant hormone regulation. However, in tomatoes, the relevant traits were related to chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in combination with certain antistress metabolites that benefit the electron transport chain, such as 4-hydroxycoumarin and vitamin K1 (phylloquinone). Altogether, we show that to go further in the understanding of the use of biostimulants as plant growth promotors and/or stress alleviators, it is highly beneficial to integrate more advanced statistical tools to deal with the huge datasets obtained from the -omics to extract the relevant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Sorrentino
- Photon Systems Instruments (PSI), spol. S.r.o., Drásov, Czechia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Klára Panzarová
- Photon Systems Instruments (PSI), spol. S.r.o., Drásov, Czechia
| | - Ioannis Spyroglou
- Plant Sciences Core Facility, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Valentina Buffagni
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, DiSTAS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Paola Ganugi
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, DiSTAS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, DiSTAS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
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17
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Cataldo E, Fucile M, Mattii GB. Biostimulants in Viticulture: A Sustainable Approach against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:162. [PMID: 35050049 PMCID: PMC8777853 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and disproportionate anthropogenic interventions, such as the excess of phytopharmaceutical products and continuous soil tillage, are jeopardizing viticulture by subjecting plants to continuous abiotic stress. One of the main physiological repercussions of abiotic stress is represented by the unbalanced redox homeostasis due to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately leading to a state of oxidative stress (detrimental to grape quality). To these are added the direct and indirect damages caused by pathogens (biotic stresses). In light of this scenario, it is inevitable that sustainable techniques and sensitivity approaches for environmental and human health have to be applied in viticulture. Sustainable viticulture can only be made with the aid of sustainable products. Biostimulant (PB) applications (including resistance inducers or elicitors) in the vineyard have become interesting maneuvers for counteracting vine diseases and improving grape quality. These also represent a partial alternative to soil fertilization by improving nutrient absorption and avoiding its leaching into the groundwater. Their role as elicitors has important repercussions in the stimulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway by triggering the activation of several enzymes, such as polyphenol oxidase, lipoxygenase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and peroxidase (with the accumulation of phenolic compounds). The present review paper summarizes the PBs' implications in viticulture, gathering historical, functional, and applicative information. This work aims to highlight the innumerable beneficial effects on vines brought by these products. It also serves to spur the scientific community to a greater contribution in investigating the response mechanisms of the plant to positive inductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cataldo
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (M.F.); (G.B.M.)
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18
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Zhang L, Miras-Moreno B, Yildiztugay E, Ozfidan-Konakci C, Arikan B, Elbasan F, Ak G, Rouphael Y, Zengin G, Lucini L. Metabolomics and Physiological Insights into the Ability of Exogenously Applied Chlorogenic Acid and Hesperidin to Modulate Salt Stress in Lettuce Distinctively. Molecules 2021; 26:6291. [PMID: 34684872 PMCID: PMC8537907 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies in the agronomic field indicate that the exogenous application of polyphenols can provide tolerance against various stresses in plants. However, the molecular processes underlying stress mitigation remain unclear, and little is known about the impact of exogenously applied phenolics, especially in combination with salinity. In this work, the impacts of exogenously applied chlorogenic acid (CA), hesperidin (HES), and their combination (HES + CA) have been investigated in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) through untargeted metabolomics to evaluate mitigation effects against salinity. Growth parameters, physiological measurements, leaf relative water content, and osmotic potential as well as gas exchange parameters were also measured. As expected, salinity produced a significant decline in the physiological and biochemical parameters of lettuce. However, the treatments with exogenous phenolics, particularly HES and HES + CA, allowed lettuce to cope with salt stress condition. Interestingly, the treatments triggered a broad metabolic reprogramming that involved secondary metabolism and small molecules such as electron carriers, enzyme cofactors, and vitamins. Under salinity conditions, CA and HES + CA distinctively elicited secondary metabolism, nitrogen-containing compounds, osmoprotectants, and polyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhang
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Begoña Miras-Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Evren Yildiztugay
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya 42130, Turkey; (E.Y.); (B.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Ceyda Ozfidan-Konakci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, Konya 42090, Turkey;
| | - Busra Arikan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya 42130, Turkey; (E.Y.); (B.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Fevzi Elbasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya 42130, Turkey; (E.Y.); (B.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Gunes Ak
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya 42130, Turkey; (G.A.); (G.Z.)
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya 42130, Turkey; (G.A.); (G.Z.)
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.Z.); (L.L.)
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19
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Kim NY, Jung HY, Kim JK. Identification and characterisation of a novel heptapeptide mackerel by-product hydrolysate, and its potential as a functional fertiliser component. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1180:122881. [PMID: 34388601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Functional fertilisers for hydroponics are in great demand. Herein, we isolated peptides from mackerel by-products, a valuable source of bioactive peptides. The pellet-phase fraction obtained after cold-acetone extraction exhibited plant growth-promoting activity in wheat hydroponics, and the presumed peptides were determined to be ≤ 1 kDa based on molecular weight cut-off and tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Size exclusion chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry analysis were employed for peptide purification and identification. Finally, two peptides were identified, both with linear structures, consisting of amino acid sequences TCGGQGR and KEAGAFIDR. At 1 mg/mL, the heptapeptide performed better than the nonapeptide in terms of wheat growth and health, but neither peptide exhibited antimicrobial activity. Only the heptapeptide displayed significant antioxidant activity, and this activity bioaccumulated in wheat leaves after 7 days of hydroponic growth. The heptapeptide did not match any known metabolites in PepBank, BIOPEP, UniProt or METLIN databases, and is therefore a novel peptide with potential as a functional fertiliser component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Young Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-Ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 485137, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Yi Jung
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-Ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 485137, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Kyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-Ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 485137, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Cristofano F, El-Nakhel C, Rouphael Y. Biostimulant Substances for Sustainable Agriculture: Origin, Operating Mechanisms and Effects on Cucurbits, Leafy Greens, and Nightshade Vegetables Species. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1103. [PMID: 34439770 PMCID: PMC8392623 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is a pressing matter of anthropogenic nature to which agriculture contributes by abusing production inputs such as inorganic fertilizers and fertigation water, thus degrading land and water sources. Moreover, as the increase in the demand of food in 2050 is estimated to be 25 to 70% more than what is currently produced today, a sustainable intensification of agriculture is needed. Biostimulant substances are products that the EU states work by promoting growth, resistance to plant abiotic stress, and increasing produce quality, and may be a valid strategy to enhance sustainable agricultural practice. Presented in this review is a comprehensive look at the scientific literature regarding the widely used and EU-sanctioned biostimulant substances categories of silicon, seaweed extracts, protein hydrolysates, and humic substances. Starting from their origin, the modulation of plants' hormonal networks, physiology, and stress defense systems, their in vivo effects are discussed on some of the most prominent vegetable species of the popular plant groupings of cucurbits, leafy greens, and nightshades. The review concludes by identifying several research areas relevant to biostimulant substances to exploit and enhance the biostimulant action of these substances and signaling molecules in horticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (F.C.); (C.E.-N.)
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21
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Sorrentino M, De Diego N, Ugena L, Spíchal L, Lucini L, Miras-Moreno B, Zhang L, Rouphael Y, Colla G, Panzarová K. Seed Priming With Protein Hydrolysates Improves Arabidopsis Growth and Stress Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:626301. [PMID: 34168660 PMCID: PMC8218911 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.626301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of plant biostimulants contributes to more sustainable and environmentally friendly farming techniques and offers a sustainable alternative to mitigate the adverse effects of stress. Protein hydrolysate-based biostimulants have been described to promote plant growth and reduce the negative effect of abiotic stresses in different crops. However, limited information is available about their mechanism of action, how plants perceive their application, and which metabolic pathways are activating. Here we used a multi-trait high-throughput screening approach based on simple RGB imaging and combined with untargeted metabolomics to screen and unravel the mode of action/mechanism of protein hydrolysates in Arabidopsis plants grown in optimal and in salt-stress conditions (0, 75, or 150 mM NaCl). Eleven protein hydrolysates from different protein sources were used as priming agents in Arabidopsis seeds in three different concentrations (0.001, 0.01, or 0.1 μl ml-1). Growth and development-related traits as early seedling establishment, growth response under stress and photosynthetic performance of the plants were dynamically scored throughout and at the end of the growth period. To effectively classify the functional properties of the 11 products a Plant Biostimulant Characterization (PBC) index was used, which helped to characterize the activity of a protein hydrolysate based on its ability to promote plant growth and mitigate stress, and to categorize the products as plant growth promoters, growth inhibitors and/or stress alleviator. Out of 11 products, two were identified as highly effective growth regulators and stress alleviators because they showed a PBC index always above 0.51. Using the untargeted metabolomics approach, we showed that plants primed with these best performing biostimulants had reduced contents of stress-related molecules (such as flavonoids and terpenoids, and some degradation/conjugation compounds of phytohormones such as cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins, etc.), which alleviated the salt stress response-related growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Sorrentino
- PSI (Photon Systems Instruments), spol. s r.o., Drásov, Czechia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Lydia Ugena
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process - DiSTAS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Begoña Miras-Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process - DiSTAS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department for Sustainable Food Process - DiSTAS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Klára Panzarová
- PSI (Photon Systems Instruments), spol. s r.o., Drásov, Czechia
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Shahrajabian MH, Chaski C, Polyzos N, Petropoulos SA. Biostimulants Application: A Low Input Cropping Management Tool for Sustainable Farming of Vegetables. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050698. [PMID: 34067181 PMCID: PMC8150747 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biostimulants, are a diverse class of compounds including substances or microorganism which have positive impacts on plant growth, yield and chemical composition as well as boosting effects to biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. The major plant biostimulants are hydrolysates of plant or animal protein and other compounds that contain nitrogen, humic substances, extracts of seaweeds, biopolymers, compounds of microbial origin, phosphite, and silicon, among others. The mechanisms involved in the protective effects of biostimulants are varied depending on the compound and/or crop and mostly related with improved physiological processes and plant morphology aspects such as the enhanced root formation and elongation, increased nutrient uptake, improvement in seed germination rates and better crop establishment, increased cation exchange, decreased leaching, detoxification of heavy metals, mechanisms involved in stomatal conductance and plant transpiration or the stimulation of plant immune systems against stressors. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the application of plant biostimulants on different crops within the framework of sustainable crop management, aiming to gather critical information regarding their positive effects on plant growth and yield, as well as on the quality of the final product. Moreover, the main limitations of such practice as well as the future prospects of biostimulants research will be presented.
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