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Li Q, Fu H, Yu X, Wen X, Guo H, Guo Y, Li J. The SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE 2-CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE1 module coordinates plant growth and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:391-404. [PMID: 37721807 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
High salinity stress promotes plant ethylene biosynthesis and triggers the ethylene signalling response. However, the precise mechanism underlying how plants transduce ethylene signalling in response to salt stress remains largely unknown. In this study, we discovered that SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE 2 (SOS2) inhibits the kinase activity of CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE1 (CTR1) by phosphorylating the 87th serine (S87). This phosphorylation event activates the ethylene signalling response, leading to enhanced plant salt resistance. Furthermore, through genetic analysis, we determined that the loss of CTR1 or the gain of SOS2-mediated CTR1 phosphorylation both contribute to improved plant salt tolerance. Additionally, in the sos2 mutant, we observed compromised proteolytic processing of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2) and reduced nuclear localization of EIN2 C-terminal fragments (EIN2-C), which correlate with decreased accumulation of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3 (EIN3). Collectively, our findings unveil the role of the SOS2-CTR1 regulatory module in promoting the activation of the ethylene signalling pathway and enhancing plant salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinpei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haiqi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xing Wen
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingrui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Shin SY, Lee CM, Kim HS, Kim C, Jeon JH, Lee HJ. Ethylene signals modulate the survival of Arabidopsis leaf explants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:281. [PMID: 37237253 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf explants are major materials in plant tissue cultures. Incubation of detached leaves on phytohormone-containing media, which is an important process for producing calli and regenerating plants, change their cell fate. Although hormone signaling pathways related to cell fate transition have been widely studied, other molecular and physiological events occurring in leaf explants during this process remain largely unexplored. RESULTS Here, we identified that ethylene signals modulate expression of pathogen resistance genes and anthocyanin accumulation in leaf explants, affecting their survival during culture. Anthocyanins accumulated in leaf explants, but were not observed near the wound site. Ethylene signaling mutant analysis revealed that ethylene signals are active and block anthocyanin accumulation in the wound site. Moreover, expression of defense-related genes increased, particularly near the wound site, implying that ethylene induces defense responses possibly by blocking pathogenesis via wounding. We also found that anthocyanin accumulation in non-wounded regions is required for drought resistance in leaf explants. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed the key roles of ethylene in the regulation of defense gene expression and anthocyanin biosynthesis in leaf explants. Our results suggest a survival strategy of detached leaves, which can be applied to improve the longevity of explants during tissue culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yong Shin
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Chae-Min Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Hyun-Soon Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Jae-Heung Jeon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jun Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
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Choi I, Jeon Y, Pai HS. Brix protein APPAN plays a role in ribosomal RNA processing in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 333:111721. [PMID: 37146691 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis APPAN is a Brix family protein that is homologous to yeast Ssf1/Ssf2 and PPan in higher eukaryotes. A previous study, mostly based on physiological experiments, revealed that APPAN plays an essential role in female gametogenesis in plants. Here, we investigated cellular functions of APPAN, which could be the molecular basis for developmental defects in snail1/appan mutants. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of APPAN in Arabidopsis resulted in abnormal shoot apices, leading to defective inflorescences and malformed flowers and leaves. APPAN is localized in the nucleolus and co-sedimented mainly with 60S ribosome subunit. RNA gel blot analyses showed overaccumulation of processing intermediates, particularly 35S and P-A3, and the sequences were confirmed by circular RT-PCR. These results suggested that silencing of APPAN causes defective pre-rRNA processing. Metabolic rRNA labeling showed that APPAN depletion mainly reduced 25S rRNA synthesis. Consistently, based on the ribosome profiling, the levels of 60S/80S ribosomes were significantly reduced. Finally, APPAN deficiency caused nucleolar stress with abnormal nucleolar morphology and translocation of nucleolar proteins into the nucleoplasm. Collectively, these results suggest that APPAN plays a crucial role in plant rRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis, and its depletion disrupts plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyeong Choi
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Young Jeon
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Sook Pai
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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Ethylene Signaling under Stressful Environments: Analyzing Collaborative Knowledge. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172211. [PMID: 36079592 PMCID: PMC9460115 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ethylene is a gaseous plant growth hormone that regulates various plant developmental processes, ranging from seed germination to senescence. The mechanisms underlying ethylene biosynthesis and signaling involve multistep mechanisms representing different control levels to regulate its production and response. Ethylene is an established phytohormone that displays various signaling processes under environmental stress in plants. Such environmental stresses trigger ethylene biosynthesis/action, which influences the growth and development of plants and opens new windows for future crop improvement. This review summarizes the current understanding of how environmental stress influences plants’ ethylene biosynthesis, signaling, and response. The review focuses on (a) ethylene biosynthesis and signaling in plants, (b) the influence of environmental stress on ethylene biosynthesis, (c) regulation of ethylene signaling for stress acclimation, (d) potential mechanisms underlying the ethylene-mediated stress tolerance in plants, and (e) summarizing ethylene formation under stress and its mechanism of action.
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Fortt J, González M, Morales P, Araya N, Remonsellez F, Coba de la Peña T, Ostria-Gallardo E, Stoll A. Bacterial Modulation of the Plant Ethylene Signaling Pathway Improves Tolerance to Salt Stress in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.768250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity has extensive adverse effects on plant growth and the development of new agronomic strategies to improve crop salt tolerance is becoming necessary. Currently, the use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to mitigate abiotic stress in crops is of increasing interest. The most analyzed mechanism is based on ACC deaminase activity, an enzyme that decreases the ethylene synthesis, an important phytohormone in plant stress response. We aimed to identify other PGPR mediated mechanisms involved in the regulation of salt stress in plant. We used three PGPR strains (ESL001, ESL007, SH31), of which only ESL007 demonstrated ACC deaminase activity, to evaluate their effect on lettuce plants under salt stress (100 mM NaCl). We measured growth and biochemical parameters (e.g., proline content, lipid peroxidation and ROS degradation), as well as expression levels of genes involved in ethylene signaling (CTR1, EBF1) and transcription factors induced by ethylene (ERF5, ERF13). All bacterial strains enhanced growth on salt-stressed lettuce plants and modulated the proline levels. Strains ESL007 and SH31 triggered a higher catalase and ascorbate-peroxidase activity, compared to non-stressed plants. Differential expression of ethylene-related genes in inoculated plants subjected to salinity was observed. We gained consistent evidence for the existence of alternative mechanisms to ethylene modulation, which probably rely on bacterial IAA production and other chemical signals. These mechanisms modify the expression of genes associated with ethylene signaling and regulation, complementarily to the ACC deaminase model to diminish abiotic stress responses.
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Peng Z, Jiang X, Wang Z, Wang X, Li H, He S, Pan Z, Qayyum A, Rehman A, Du X. Identification of Raf-Like Kinases B Subfamily Genes in Gossypium Species Revealed GhRAF42 Enhanced Salt Tolerance in Cotton. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12649. [PMID: 34884455 PMCID: PMC8657469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a critical abiotic factor that significantly reduces agricultural production. Cotton is an important fiber crop and a pioneer on saline soil, hence genetic architecture that underpins salt tolerance should be thoroughly investigated. The Raf-like kinase B-subfamily (RAF) genes were discovered to regulate the salt stress response in cotton plants. However, understanding the RAFs in cotton, such as Enhanced Disease Resistance 1 and Constitutive Triple Response 1 kinase, remains a mystery. This study obtained 29, 28, 56, and 54 RAF genes from G. arboreum, G. raimondii, G. hirsutum, and G. barbadense, respectively. The RAF gene family described allopolyploidy and hybridization events in allotetraploid cotton evolutionary connections. Ka/Ks analysis advocates that cotton evolution was subjected to an intense purifying selection of the RAF gene family. Interestingly, integrated analysis of synteny and gene collinearity suggested dispersed and segmental duplication events involved in the extension of RAFs in cotton. Transcriptome studies, functional validation, and virus-induced gene silencing on salt treatments revealed that GhRAF42 is engaged in salt tolerance in upland cotton. This research might lead to a better understanding of the role of RAFs in plants and the identification of suitable candidate salt-tolerant genes for cotton breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Peng
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (Z.P.); (X.J.); (H.L.); (S.H.); (Z.P.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, China; (Z.W.); (X.W.)
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Xuran Jiang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (Z.P.); (X.J.); (H.L.); (S.H.); (Z.P.)
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, China; (Z.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, China; (Z.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Hongge Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (Z.P.); (X.J.); (H.L.); (S.H.); (Z.P.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, China; (Z.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Shoupu He
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (Z.P.); (X.J.); (H.L.); (S.H.); (Z.P.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, China; (Z.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Zhaoe Pan
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (Z.P.); (X.J.); (H.L.); (S.H.); (Z.P.)
| | - Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 66000, Pakistan;
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (Z.P.); (X.J.); (H.L.); (S.H.); (Z.P.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, China; (Z.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiongming Du
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (Z.P.); (X.J.); (H.L.); (S.H.); (Z.P.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang 455000, China; (Z.W.); (X.W.)
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
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Saini S, Kaur N, Marothia D, Singh B, Singh V, Gantet P, Pati PK. Morphological Analysis, Protein Profiling and Expression Analysis of Auxin Homeostasis Genes of Roots of Two Contrasting Cultivars of Rice Provide Inputs on Mechanisms Involved in Rice Adaptation towards Salinity Stress. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081544. [PMID: 34451587 PMCID: PMC8399380 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Plants remodel their root architecture in response to a salinity stress stimulus. This process is regulated by an array of factors including phytohormones, particularly auxin. In the present study, in order to better understand the mechanisms involved in salinity stress adaptation in rice, we compared two contrasting rice cultivars—Luna Suvarna, a salt tolerant, and IR64, a salt sensitive cultivar. Phenotypic investigations suggested that Luna Suvarna in comparison with IR64 presented stress adaptive root traits which correlated with a higher accumulation of auxin in its roots. The expression level investigation of auxin signaling pathway genes revealed an increase in several auxin homeostasis genes transcript levels in Luna Suvarna compared with IR64 under salinity stress. Furthermore, protein profiling showed 18 proteins that were differentially regulated between the roots of two cultivars, and some of them were salinity stress responsive proteins found exclusively in the proteome of Luna Suvarna roots, revealing the critical role of these proteins in imparting salinity stress tolerance. This included proteins related to the salt overly sensitive pathway, root growth, the reactive oxygen species scavenging system, and abscisic acid activation. Taken together, our results highlight that Luna Suvarna involves a combination of morphological and molecular traits of the root system that could prime the plant to better tolerate salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.K.); (D.M.); (B.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.K.); (D.M.); (B.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Deeksha Marothia
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.K.); (D.M.); (B.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Baldev Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.K.); (D.M.); (B.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Varinder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.K.); (D.M.); (B.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Pascal Gantet
- Université de Montpellier, UMR DIADE, Centre de Recherche de l’IRD, Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, CEDEX 5, 34394 Montpellier, France
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Molecular Biology, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (P.K.P.)
| | - Pratap Kumar Pati
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.K.); (D.M.); (B.S.); (V.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (P.K.P.)
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