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Li CY, He R, Tian CY, Song J. Utilization of halophytes in saline agriculture and restoration of contaminated salinized soils from genes to ecosystem: Suaeda salsa as an example. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 197:115728. [PMID: 37918144 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Halophytes can be used to screen genes for breeding salt-tolerant crops and are of great value in the restoration of salinized or contaminated soils. However, the potential of halophytes in improving saline soils remains limited. In this paper, based on the latest research progress, we use Suaeda salsa L. as an example to evaluate the value of halophytes in developing saline agriculture including: 1) some defined salt-resistance genes and high-affinity nitrate transporter genes in the species for breeding salt-tolerance and nitrogen efficiency crops; 2) the value of S. salsa and microorganisms from S. salsa in remediation of heavy metal contaminated and organic polluted saline soils; and 3) the capacity to remove salts from soils and the application of the species. In conclusion, S. salsa has high value as a candidate to explore the theoretical base and practical application for utilizing halophytes to improve salinized soils from genes to ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Rui He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Chang Yan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Jie Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
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Cheng L, Tao J, Qu Z, Lu P, Liang T, Meng L, Zhang W, Liu N, Zhang J, Cao P, Jin J. Carbon nanosol-induced assemblage of a plant-beneficial microbiome consortium. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:436. [PMID: 37986003 PMCID: PMC10658824 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanosol (CNS) is a carbon-based nanomaterial that promotes plant growth; however, its functional mechanisms and effects on the microbiome are not fully understood. Here, we explored the effects of CNS on the relationship between the soil, endophytic microbiomes and plant productivity. CNS treatment increased the fresh biomass of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants by 27.4% ± 9.9%. Amplicon sequencing analysis showed that the CNS treatment significantly affected the composition and diversity of the microbial communities in multiple ecological niches associated with tobacco, especially the bulk soil and stem endophytic microbiome. Furthermore, the application of CNS resulted in enhanced network connectivity and stability of the microbial communities in different niches, particularly in the soil, implying a strengthening of certain microbial interactions. Certain potentially growth-promoting root endophytic bacteria were more abundant under the CNS treatment. In addition, CNS increased the abundance of some endophytic microbial functional genes known to enhance plant growth, such as those associated with nutrient metabolism and the plant hormone biosynthesis pathways. We isolated two bacterial strains (Sphingopyxis sp. and Novosphingobium sp.) that were enriched under CNS treatment, and they were confirmed to promote tobacco plant growth in vitro. These results suggested that CNS might, at least in part, promote plant growth by enriching beneficial bacteria in the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingtong Cheng
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102200, China
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jiemeng Tao
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102200, China
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zechao Qu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102200, China
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Taibo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Tobacco Quality, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lijun Meng
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Nan Liu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102200, China
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Peijian Cao
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102200, China.
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Jingjing Jin
- Beijing Life Science Academy, Beijing, 102200, China.
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Al-Dakhil M, Ben Romdhane W, Alghamdi S, Ali AAM. Differential Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Duckweed Clones from Saudi Arabia to Salinity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3206. [PMID: 37765370 PMCID: PMC10537559 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Salinity affects the morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of several plant species. The current study was conducted to investigate differential salt tolerance potentials among ten duckweed clones under different salt-stress conditions. Morphological and physiological parameters, including fronds length, fronds number, root length, root number, Na+/K+, chlorophyll, proline contents, and fresh harvest weight, were recorded for each of the ten duckweed clones collected from different Saudi Arabia regions. Additionally, the expression patterns of seven salt-related genes were monitored in a salt-tolerant duckweed genotype. The results show that the Madinah-2 (Spirodela polyryiza) and Al-Qassim (Landoltia punctata) clones presented higher performances for all the tested morphological and physiological parameters compared to other genotypes under salt-stress conditions. At concentrations greater than 150 mM NaCl, these aforementioned traits were affected for all the genotypes tested, except Madinah-2 (S. polyryiza) and Al-Qassim (L. punctata) clones, both of which exhibited high tolerance behavior under high salt conditions (200 mM and 250 mM NaCl). The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first five principal components accounted for 94.8% of the total variance among the studied traits. Morphological and physiological traits are the major portions of PC1. Moreover, the expression pattern analysis of NHX, BZIP, ST, and KTrans transcript revealed their upregulation in the Al-Qassim clone under salt-stress conditions, suggesting that these genes play a role in this clone's tolerance to salt-induced stress. Overall, this study indicates that the Al-Qassim clone could be used in a brackish-water duckweed-based treatment program with a simultaneous provision of valuable plant biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Dakhil
- Advanced Agricultural and Food Technologies Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid Ben Romdhane
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (W.B.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Salem Alghamdi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (W.B.R.); (S.A.)
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Sodhi GK, Saxena S. Plant growth-promoting endophyte Nigrospora oryzae mitigates abiotic stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.). FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad094. [PMID: 37567759 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change has severely impacted crop productivity. Nascent technologies, such as employing endophytic fungi to induce crop adaptogenic changes, are being explored. In this study, 62 isolates of fungi existing as endophytes were recovered from different parts of a drought-resistant rice variety and screened for salinity and drought tolerance. Nigrospora oryzae #2OSTUR9a exhibited in vitro antioxidant potential, indole acetic acid (351.01 ± 7.11 µg/mL), phosphate solubilisation (PI 1.115 ± 0.02), siderophore (72.57% ± 0.19%) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase production (305.36 ± 0.80 nmol α-ketobutyrate/mg/h). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on salinity and drought stress mitigation in rice plants by endophytic N. oryzae. In treated plants under salinity stress, the relative water, chlorophyll, phenolic and osmolyte content increased by 48.39%, 30.94%, 25.32% and 43.67%, respectively, compared with their respective controls. A similar trend was observed under drought stress, where the above parameters increased by 50.31%, 39.47%, 32.95% and 50.42%, respectively. Additionally, the antioxidant status of the treated plants was much higher because of the enhanced antioxidant enzymes and reduced lipid peroxidation. Our findings indicate the ability of N. oryzae to effectively mitigate the impact of stress, thereby enabling the rice plant to sustain stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurleen Kaur Sodhi
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-147004, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjai Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-147004, Punjab, India
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Sodhi GK, Saxena S. Promising drought and salinity tolerance features of Nigrospora species existing as endophytes in Oryza sativa. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:262. [PMID: 37404364 PMCID: PMC10315364 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03679-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the discovery of novel Nigrospora species isolated from the extensively cultivated PUSA 44 rice variety in Punjab, India. Out of the 120 isolates examined, 6.6% and 5% isolates exhibited tolerance to high salinity and drought stress. Isolates 6OSFR2e and 7OSFS3a exhibited the highest indole acetic acid and gibberellic acid production, with 268.32 ± 08.10 and 25.72 ± 0.04 µg/mL. Additionally, isolates 7OSFS3a, 6OSFR2e and 6OSFL4c had highest antioxidant potential with IC50 345.45 ± 11.66, 391.58 ± 10.66, and 474.529 ± 11.08 µg/mL. The isolates 6OSFR2e and 6OSFL4c also exhibited phosphate solubilisation with a PI of 1.06 ± 0.00 and 1.04 ± 0.02. The highest cellulase and laccase production with EI 1.24 ± 0.00 and 1.16 ± 0.00 was observed by isolates 6OSFR2e and 6OSFL4c. Promising results were observed in the case of ammonia production. The isolates belonged to the same phylum, Ascomycota and were identified as Nigrospora zimmermanii (6OSFR2e) and Nigrospora oryzae (7OSFS3a), and Nigrospora sphaerica (6OSFL4c) using morpho-taxonomic and molecular identification. The present study provides a critical insight into the characteristics of these Nigrospora species, which could be used to develop a bio-consortium for the rejuvenation of PUSA-44 cultivation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03679-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurleen Kaur Sodhi
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab 147004 India
| | - Sanjai Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab 147004 India
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Chávez D, Rivas G, Machuca Á, Santos C, Deramond C, Aroca R, Cornejo P. Contribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Endophytic Fungi to Drought Tolerance in Araucaria araucana Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112116. [PMID: 37299094 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In its natural distribution, Araucaria araucana is a plant species usually exposed to extreme environmental constraints such as wind, volcanism, fires, and low rainfall. This plant is subjected to long periods of drought, accentuated by the current climate emergency, causing plant death, especially in its early growth stages. Understanding the benefits that both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and endophytic fungi (EF) could provide plants under different water regimes would generate inputs to address the above-mentioned issues. Here, the effect of AMF and EF inoculation (individually and combined) on the morphophysiological variables of A. araucana seedlings subjected to different water regimes was evaluated. Both the AMF and EF inocula were obtained from A. araucana roots growing in natural conditions. The inoculated seedlings were kept for 5 months under standard greenhouse conditions and subsequently subjected to three different irrigation levels for 2 months: 100, 75, and 25% of field capacity (FC). Morphophysiological variables were evaluated over time. Applying AMF and EF + AMF yielded a noticeable survival rate in the most extreme drought conditions (25% FC). Moreover, both the AMF and the EF + AMF treatments promoted an increase in height growth between 6.1 and 16.1%, in the production of aerial biomass between 54.3 and 62.6%, and in root biomass between 42.5 and 65.4%. These treatments also kept the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm 0.71 for AMF and 0.64 for EF + AMF) stable, as well as high foliar water content (>60%) and stable CO2 assimilation under drought stress. In addition, the EF + AMF treatment at 25% FC increased the total chlorophyll content. In conclusion, using indigenous strains of AMF, alone or in combination with EF, is a beneficial strategy to produce A. araucana seedlings with an enhanced ability to tolerate prolonged drought periods, which could be of great relevance for the survival of these native species under the current climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Chávez
- Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Vegetal, Universidad de Concepción, Campus Los Ángeles, Juan Antonio Coloma 0201, Los Ángeles 4440000, Chile
| | - Gustavo Rivas
- Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Vegetal, Universidad de Concepción, Campus Los Ángeles, Juan Antonio Coloma 0201, Los Ángeles 4440000, Chile
| | - Ángela Machuca
- Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Vegetal, Universidad de Concepción, Campus Los Ángeles, Juan Antonio Coloma 0201, Los Ángeles 4440000, Chile
| | - Cledir Santos
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Christian Deramond
- Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Vegetal, Universidad de Concepción, Campus Los Ángeles, Juan Antonio Coloma 0201, Los Ángeles 4440000, Chile
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda N°1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Cornejo
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota 2260000, Chile
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Fungi That Promote Plant Growth in the Rhizosphere Boost Crop Growth. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020239. [PMID: 36836352 PMCID: PMC9966197 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungi species dwelling in the rhizosphere of crop plants, revealing functions that endeavor sustainability of the plants, are commonly referred to as 'plant-growth-promoting fungi' (PGPF). They are biotic inducers that provide benefits and carry out important functions in agricultural sustainability. The problem encountered in the agricultural system nowadays is how to meet population demand based on crop yield and protection without putting the environment and human and animal health at risk based on crop production. PGPF including Trichoderma spp., Gliocladium virens, Penicillium digitatum, Aspergillus flavus, Actinomucor elegans, Podospora bulbillosa, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, etc., have proven their ecofriendly nature to ameliorate the production of crops by improving the growth of the shoots and roots of crop plants, the germination of seeds, the production of chlorophyll for photosynthesis, and the abundant production of crops. PGPF's potential mode of action is as follows: the mineralization of the major and minor elements required to support plants' growth and productivity. In addition, PGPF produce phytohormones, induced resistance, and defense-related enzymes to inhibit or eradicate the invasion of pathogenic microbes, in other words, to help the plants while encountering stress. This review portrays the potential of PGPF as an effective bioagent to facilitate and promote crop production, plant growth, resistance to disease invasion, and various abiotic stresses.
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Tarroum M, Romdhane WB, Al-Qurainy F, Ali AAM, Al-Doss A, Fki L, Hassairi A. A novel PGPF Penicillium olsonii isolated from the rhizosphere of Aeluropus littoralis promotes plant growth, enhances salt stress tolerance, and reduces chemical fertilizers inputs in hydroponic system. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:996054. [PMID: 36386667 PMCID: PMC9648140 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.996054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydroponic farming significantly enhances the yield and enables multiple cropping per year. These advantages can be improved by using plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) either under normal or stress conditions. In this study, the fungal strain (A3) isolated from the rhizosphere of the halophyte plant Aeluropus littoralis was identified as Penicillium olsonii based on sequence homology of its ITS region. The A3 fungus was shown to be halotolerant (up to 1 M NaCl) and its optimal growth was at 27°C, but inhibited at 40°C. In liquid culture medium, the A3 produced indole acetic acid (IAA) especially in the presence of L-tryptophan. Tobacco plants grown under hydroponic farming system were used to evaluate the promoting activity of the direct effect of A3 mycelium (DE) and the indirect effect (IDE) of its cell-free culture filtrate (A3CFF). The results showed that for the two conditions (DE or IDE) the tobacco seedlings exhibited significant increase in their height, leaf area, dry weight, and total chlorophyll content. Interestingly, the A3CFF (added to the MS liquid medium or to nutrient solution (NS), prepared from commercial fertilizers) induced significantly the growth parameters, the proline concentration, the catalase (CAT) and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of tobacco plants. The A3CFF maintained its activity even after extended storage at 4°C for 1 year. Since the A3 is a halotolerant fungus, we tested its ability to alleviate salt stress effects. Indeed, when added at 1:50 dilution factor to NS in the presence of 250 mM NaCl, the A3CFF enhanced the plant salt tolerance by increasing the levels of total chlorophyll, proline, CAT, and SOD activities. In addition, the treated plants accumulated less Na+ in their roots but more K+ in their leaves. The A3CFF was also found to induce the expression of five salt stress related genes (NtSOS1, NtNHX1, NtHKT1, NtSOD, and NtCAT1). Finally, we proved that the A3CFF can reduce by half the chemical fertilizers inputs. Indeed, the tobacco plants grown in a hydroponic system using 0.5xNS supplemented with A3CFF (1:50) exhibited significantly higher growth than those grown in 0.5xNS or 1xNS. In an attempt to explain this mechanism, the expression profile of some growth related genes (nitrogen metabolism (NR1, NRT1), auxin (TRYP1, YUCCA6-like), and brassinosteroid (DET2, DWF4) biosynthesis) was performed. The results showed that all these genes were up-regulated following plant treatment with A3CFF. In summary the results revealed that the halotolerant fungus P. olsonii can stimulates tobacco plant growth, enhances its salt tolerance, and reduces by half the required chemical fertilizer inputs in a hydroponic farming system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Tarroum
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Mohamed Tarroum,
| | - Walid Ben Romdhane
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Qurainy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdelrahim Mohamed Ali
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Doss
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi Fki
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Applied to Crop Improvement, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Afif Hassairi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Afif Hassairi,
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Tan B, Li Y, Deng D, Pan H, Zeng Y, Tan X, Zhuang W, Li Z. Rhizosphere inoculation of Nicotiana benthamiana with Trichoderma harzianum TRA1-16 in controlled environment agriculture: Effects of varying light intensities on the mutualism-parasitism interaction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:989155. [PMID: 36340354 PMCID: PMC9630631 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.989155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma spp., a genus of fast-growing and highly adaptable fungi that form symbiotic relationships with plant roots, rendering them ideal for practical use in controlled environment agriculture. Herein, this paper aims to understand how the Nicotiana benthamiana with inoculation of Trichoderma harzianum strain TRA1-16 responds to light intensity variation. Pot experiments were conducted under low and high light intensities (50 and 150 μmol·m-2·s-1, respectively) and microbial treatments. Plant growth, physio-biochemical attributes, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and phytohormones regulation were investigated. The results showed that for non-inoculated plants, the reduction in light intensity inhibited plant growth, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake, chlorophyll a/b, and carotenoid content. Trichoderma inoculation resulted in 1.17 to 1.51 times higher concentrations of available N and P in the soil than the non-inoculated group, with higher concentrations at high light intensity. Plant height, dry weight, nutrient uptake, and antioxidant activity were significantly increased after inoculation (p<0.05). However, the growth-promoting effect was less effective under low light conditions, with lower plant height and P content in plants. We suggested that when the light was attenuated, the mutualism of the Trichoderma turned into parasitism, slowing the growth of the host plant. The application of fungal inoculation techniques for plant growth promotion required coordination with appropriate light complementation. The mechanisms of coordination and interaction were proposed to be incorporated into the biological market theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Development Guorun Water Investment Co. Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | | | - Hongli Pan
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenhua Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Water Saving Agriculture in Hill Areas in Southern China of Sichuan Province, Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
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Spinelli V, Brasili E, Sciubba F, Ceci A, Giampaoli O, Miccheli A, Pasqua G, Persiani AM. Biostimulant Effects of Chaetomium globosum and Minimedusa polyspora Culture Filtrates on Cichorium intybus Plant: Growth Performance and Metabolomic Traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:879076. [PMID: 35646045 PMCID: PMC9134003 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.879076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the biostimulant effect of fungal culture filtrates obtained from Chaetomium globosum and Minimedusa polyspora on growth performance and metabolomic traits of chicory (Cichorium intybus) plants. For the first time, we showed that M. polyspora culture filtrate exerts a direct plant growth-promoting effect through an increase of biomass, both in shoots and roots, and of the leaf area. Conversely, no significant effect on morphological traits and biomass yield was observed in C. intybus plants treated with C. globosum culture filtrate. Based on 1H-NMR metabolomics data, differential metabolites and their related metabolic pathways were highlighted. The treatment with C. globosum and M. polyspora culture filtrates stimulated a common response in C. intybus roots involving the synthesis of 3-OH-butyrate through the decrease in the synthesis of fatty acids and sterols, as a mechanism balancing the NADPH/NADP+ ratio. The fungal culture filtrates differently triggered the phenylpropanoid pathway in C. intybus plants: C. globosum culture filtrate increased phenylalanine and chicoric acid in the roots, whereas M. polyspora culture filtrate stimulated an increase of 4-OH-benzoate. Chicoric acid, whose biosynthetic pathway in the chicory plant is putative and still not well known, is a very promising natural compound playing an important role in plant defense. On the contrary, benzoic acids serve as precursors for a wide variety of essential compounds playing crucial roles in plant fitness and defense response activation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that shows the biostimulant effect of C. globosum and M. polyspora culture filtrates on C. intybus growth and metabolome, increasing the knowledge on fungal bioresources for the development of biostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Spinelli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Brasili
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Sciubba
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ceci
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ottavia Giampaoli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Miccheli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pasqua
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Persiani
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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11
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Roy S, Chakraborty AP, Chakraborty R. Understanding the potential of root microbiome influencing salt-tolerance in plants and mechanisms involved at the transcriptional and translational level. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1657-1681. [PMID: 34549441 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity severely affects plant growth and development and imparts inevitable losses to crop productivity. Increasing the concentration of salts in the vicinity of plant roots has severe consequences at the morphological, biochemical, and molecular levels. These include loss of chlorophyll, decrease in photosynthetic rate, reduction in cell division, ROS generation, inactivation of antioxidative enzymes, alterations in phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, and so forth. The association of microorganisms, viz. plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, endophytes, and mycorrhiza, with plant roots constituting the root microbiome can confer a greater degree of salinity tolerance in addition to their inherent ability to promote growth and induce defense mechanisms. The mechanisms involved in induced stress tolerance bestowed by these microorganisms involve the modulation of phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways (including indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid, brassinosteroids, abscisic acid, and jasmonic acid), accumulation of osmoprotectants (proline, glycine betaine, and sugar alcohols), and regulation of ion transporters (SOS1, NHX, HKT1). Apart from this, salt-tolerant microorganisms are known to induce the expression of salt-responsive genes via the action of several transcription factors, as well as by posttranscriptional and posttranslational modifications. Moreover, the potential of these salt-tolerant microflora can be employed for sustainably improving crop performance in saline environments. Therefore, this review will briefly focus on the key responses of plants under salinity stress and elucidate the mechanisms employed by the salt-tolerant microorganisms in improving plant tolerance under saline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnendu Roy
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Rakhi Chakraborty
- Department of Botany, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy Government College, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
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Ali AAM, Romdhane WB, Tarroum M, Al-Dakhil M, Al-Doss A, Alsadon AA, Hassairi A. Analysis of Salinity Tolerance in Tomato Introgression Lines Based on Morpho-Physiological and Molecular Traits. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10122594. [PMID: 34961065 PMCID: PMC8704676 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of salt-tolerant tomato genotypes is a basic requirement to overcome the challenges of tomato production under salinity in the field or soil-free farming. Two groups of eight tomato introgression lines (ILs) each, were evaluated for salinity tolerance. Group-I and the group-II resulted from the following crosses respectively: Solanum lycopersicum cv-6203 × Solanum habrochaites and Solanum lycopersicum M82 × Solanum pennellii. Salt tolerance level was assessed based on a germination percentage under NaCl (0, 75, 100 mM) and in the vegetative stage using a hydroponic growing system (0, 120 mM NaCl). One line from group I (TA1648) and three lines from group II (IL2-1, IL2-3, and IL8-3) were shown to be salt-tolerant since their germination percentages were significantly higher at 75 and 100 mM NaCl than that of their respective cultivated parents cvE6203 and cvM82. Using the hydroponic system, IL TA1648 and IL 2-3 showed the highest value of plant growth traits and chlorophyll concentration. The expression level of eight salt-responsive genes in the leaves and roots of salt-tolerant ILs (TA1648 and IL 2-3) was estimated. Interestingly, SlSOS1, SlNHX2, SlNHX4, and SlERF4 genes were upregulated in leaves of both TA1648 and IL 2-3 genotypes under NaCl stress. While SlHKT1.1, SlNHX2, SlNHX4, and SlERF4 genes were upregulated under salt stress in the roots of both TA1648 and IL 2-3 genotypes. Furthermore, SlSOS2 and SlSOS3 genes were upregulated in TA1648 root and downregulated in IL 2-3. On the contrary, SlSOS1 and SlHKT1.2 genes were upregulated in the IL 2-3 root and downregulated in the TA1648 root. Monitoring of ILs revealed that some of them have inherited salt tolerance from S. habrochaites and S. pennellii genetic background. These ILs can be used in tomato breeding programs to develop salt-tolerant tomatoes or as rootstocks in grafting techniques under saline irrigation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelrahim Mohamed Ali
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.M.A.); (W.B.R.); (M.A.-D.); (A.A.-D.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Walid Ben Romdhane
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.M.A.); (W.B.R.); (M.A.-D.); (A.A.-D.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed Tarroum
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 11451, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Al-Dakhil
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.M.A.); (W.B.R.); (M.A.-D.); (A.A.-D.); (A.A.A.)
- Natural Resources and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Doss
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.M.A.); (W.B.R.); (M.A.-D.); (A.A.-D.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Abdullah A. Alsadon
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.M.A.); (W.B.R.); (M.A.-D.); (A.A.-D.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Afif Hassairi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.M.A.); (W.B.R.); (M.A.-D.); (A.A.-D.); (A.A.A.)
- Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
- Correspondence:
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