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Bajiu A, Gao K, Zeng G, He Y. Impact of Intercropping Five Medicinal Plants on Soil Nutrients, Enzyme Activity, and Microbial Community Structure in Camellia oleifera Plantations. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1616. [PMID: 39203458 PMCID: PMC11356553 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Intercropping medicinal plants plays an important role in agroforestry that can improve the physical, chemical, and biological fertility of soil. However, the influence of intercropping medicinal plants on the Camellia oleifera soil properties and bacterial communities remains elusive. In this study, five intercropping treatment groups were set as follows: Curcuma zedoaria/C. oleifera (EZ), Curcuma longa/C. oleifera (JH), Clinacanthus nutans/C. oleifera (YDC), Fructus Galangae/C. oleifera (HDK), and Ficus simplicissima/C. oleifera (WZMT). The soil chemical properties, enzyme activities, and bacterial communities were measured and analyzed to evaluate the effects of different intercropping systems. The results indicated that, compared to the C. oleifera monoculture group, YDC and EZ showed noticeable impacts on the soil chemical properties with a significant increase in total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (NN), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK). Among them, the content of TN and AK in the rhizosphere soil of Camellia oleifera in the YDC intercropping system was the highest, which was 7.82 g/kg and 21.94 mg/kg higher than CK. Similarly, in the EZ intercropping system, the content of NN and OM in the rhizosphere soil of Camellia oleifera was the highest, which was higher than that of CK at 722.33 mg/kg and 2.36 g/kg, respectively. Curcuma longa/C. oleifera (JH) and Clinacanthus nutans/C. oleifera (YDC) had the most effect on soil enzyme activities. Furthermore, YDC extensively increased the activities of hydrogen peroxide and acid phosphatase enzymes; the increase was 2.27 mg/g and 3.21 mg/g, respectively. While JH obviously increased the urease activity, the diversity of bacterial populations in the rhizosphere soil of the intercropping plants decreased, especially the Shannon index of YDC and HDK. Compared with the monoculture group, the bacterial community abundance and structure of JH and YDC were quite different. The relative abundance of Actinobacteriota and Firmicutes was increased in YDC, and that of Acidobacteriota and Myxococcota was increased in JH. According to the redundancy analysis (RDA), pH, total potassium, and soil catalase activity were identified as the main factors influencing the microbial community structure of the intercropping systems. In conclusion, intercropping with JH and YDC increased the relative abundance of the dominant bacterial communities, improved the microbial community structure, and enhanced the soil nutrients and enzyme activities. Therefore, in the future, these two medicinal plants can be used for intercropping with C. oleifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azuo Bajiu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Utilization, Nanning 530002, China; (A.B.); (K.G.)
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artifcial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-Resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Utilization, Nanning 530002, China; (A.B.); (K.G.)
| | - Guangyu Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Utilization, Nanning 530002, China; (A.B.); (K.G.)
| | - Yuanhao He
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artifcial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-Resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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Jia X, Lin S, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Hong L, Li M, Zhang S, Wang T, Jia M, Luo Y, Ye J, Wang H. The Ability of Different Tea Tree Germplasm Resources in South China to Aggregate Rhizosphere Soil Characteristic Fungi Affects Tea Quality. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2029. [PMID: 39124147 PMCID: PMC11314174 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
It is generally recognized that the quality differences in plant germplasm resources are genetically determined, and that only a good "pedigree" can have good quality. Ecological memory of plants and rhizosphere soil fungi provides a new perspective to understand this phenomenon. Here, we selected 45 tea tree germplasm resources and analyzed the rhizosphere soil fungi, nutrient content and tea quality. We found that the ecological memory of tea trees for soil fungi led to the recruitment and aggregation of dominant fungal populations that were similar across tea tree varieties, differing only in the number of fungi. We performed continuous simulation and validation to identify four characteristic fungal genera that determined the quality differences. Further analysis showed that the greater the recruitment and aggregation of Saitozyma and Archaeorhizomyces by tea trees, the greater the rejection of Chaetomium and Trechispora, the higher the available nutrient content in the soil and the better the tea quality. In summary, our study presents a new perspective, showing that ecological memory between tea trees and rhizosphere soil fungi leads to differences in plants' ability to recruit and aggregate characteristic fungi, which is one of the most important determinants of tea quality. The artificial inoculation of rhizosphere fungi may reconstruct the ecological memory of tea trees and substantially improve their quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Jia
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (X.J.)
| | - Shaoxiong Lin
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (X.J.)
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of JunCao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lei Hong
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
- College of JunCao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mingzhe Li
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Shuqi Zhang
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Miao Jia
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (X.J.)
| | - Yangxin Luo
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Jianghua Ye
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (X.J.)
| | - Haibin Wang
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (X.J.)
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
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Jia X, Lin S, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Jia M, Li M, Chen Y, Cheng P, Hong L, Zhang Y, Ye J, Wang H. Recruitment and Aggregation Capacity of Tea Trees to Rhizosphere Soil Characteristic Bacteria Affects the Quality of Tea Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1686. [PMID: 38931118 PMCID: PMC11207862 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
There are obvious differences in quality between different varieties of the same plant, and it is not clear whether they can be effectively distinguished from each other from a bacterial point of view. In this study, 44 tea tree varieties (Camellia sinensis) were used to analyze the rhizosphere soil bacterial community using high-throughput sequencing technology, and five types of machine deep learning were used for modeling to obtain characteristic microorganisms that can effectively differentiate different varieties, and validation was performed. The relationship between characteristic microorganisms, soil nutrient transformation, and tea quality formation was further analyzed. It was found that 44 tea tree varieties were classified into two groups (group A and group B) and the characteristic bacteria that distinguished them came from 23 genera. Secondly, the content of rhizosphere soil available nutrients (available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium) and tea quality indexes (tea polyphenols, theanine, and caffeine) was significantly higher in group A than in group B. The classification result based on both was consistent with the above bacteria. This study provides a new insight and research methodology into the main reasons for the formation of quality differences among different varieties of the same plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Jia
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (X.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Shaoxiong Lin
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of JunCao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (X.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Miao Jia
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (X.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Mingzhe Li
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Yiling Chen
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Pengyuan Cheng
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Lei Hong
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
- College of JunCao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (X.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jianghua Ye
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (X.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Haibin Wang
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China; (X.J.); (J.Y.)
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
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Nasar J, Ahmad M, Gitari H, Tang L, Chen Y, Zhou XB. Maize/soybean intercropping increases nutrient uptake, crop yield and modifies soil physio-chemical characteristics and enzymatic activities in the subtropical humid region based in Southwest China. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:434. [PMID: 38773357 PMCID: PMC11106902 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Intercropping, a widely adopted agricultural practice worldwide, aims to increase crop yield, enhance plant nutrient uptake, and optimize the utilization of natural resources, contributing to sustainable farming practices on a global scale. However, the underlying changes in soil physio-chemical characteristics and enzymatic activities, which contribute to crop yield and nutrient uptake in the intercropping systems are largely unknown. Consequently, a two-year (2021-2022) field experiment was conducted on the maize/soybean intercropping practices with/without nitrogen (N) fertilization (i.e., N0; 0 N kg ha-1 and N1; 225 N kg ha-1 for maize and 100 N kg ha-1 for soybean ) to know whether such cropping system can improve the nutrients uptake and crop yields, soil physio-chemical characteristics, and soil enzymes, which ultimately results in enhanced crop yield. The results revealed that maize intercropping treatments (i.e., N0MI and N1MI) had higher crop yield, biomass dry matter, and 1000-grain weight of maize than mono-cropping treatments (i.e., N0MM, and N1MM). Nonetheless, these parameters were optimized in N1MI treatments in both years. For instance, N1MI produced the maximum grain yield (10,105 and 11,705 kg ha-1), biomass dry matter (13,893 and 14,093 kg ha-1), and 1000-grain weight (420 and 449 g) of maize in the year 2021 and 2022, respectively. Conversely, soybean intercropping treatments (i.e., N0SI and N1SI) reduced such yield parameters for soybean. Also, the land equivalent ratio (LER) and land equivalent ratio for N fertilization (LERN) values were always greater than 1, showing the intercropping system's benefits in terms of yield and improved resource usage. Moreover, maize intercropping treatments (i.e., N0MI and N1MI) and soybean intercropping treatments (i.e., N0SI and N1SI) significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the nutrient uptake (i.e., N, P, K, Ca, Fe, and Zn) of maize and soybean, however, these nutrients uptakes were more prominent in N1MI and N1SI treatments of maize and soybean, respectively in both years (2021 and 2022) compared with their mono-cropping treatments. Similarly, maize-soybean intercropping treatments (i.e., N0MSI and N1MSI) significantly (p < 0.05) improved the soil-based N, P, K, NH4, NO3, and soil organic matter, but, reduced the soil pH. Such maize-soybean intercropping treatments also improved the soil enzymatic activities such as protease (PT), sucrose (SC), acid phosphatase (AP), urease (UE), and catalase (CT) activities. This indicates that maize-soybean intercropping could potentially contribute to higher and better crop yield, enhanced plant nutrient uptake, improved soil nutrient pool, physio-chemical characteristics, and related soil enzymatic activities. Thus, preferring intercropping to mono-cropping could be a preferable choice for ecologically viable agricultural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Nasar
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro‑Environment and Agro‑Products Safety, Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Munir Ahmad
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Harun Gitari
- Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Li Tang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China.
| | - Xun-Bo Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro‑Environment and Agro‑Products Safety, Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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Yang Z, Qu J, Qiao L, Jiang M, Zou X, Cao W. Tea and Pleurotus ostreatus intercropping modulates structure of soil and root microbial communities. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11295. [PMID: 38760401 PMCID: PMC11101613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61883-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Intercropping with Pleurotus ostreatus has been demonstrated to increase the tea yield and alleviate soil acidification in tea gardens. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, high-throughput sequencing and Biolog Eco analysis were performed to identify changes in the community structure and abundance of soil microorganisms in the P. ostreatus intercropped tea garden at different seasons (April and September). The results showed that the soil microbial diversity of rhizosphere decreased in April, while rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil microbial diversity increased in September in the P. ostreatus intercropped tea garden. The diversity of tea tree root microorganisms increased in both periods. In addition, the number of fungi associated with organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling, such as Penicillium, Trichoderma, and Trechispora, was significantly higher in the intercropped group than in the control group. Intercropping with P. ostreatus increased the levels of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and available phosphorus (AP) in the soil. It also improved the content of secondary metabolites, such as tea catechins, and polysaccharides in tea buds. Microbial network analysis showed that Unclassified_o__Helotiales, and Devosia were positively correlated with soil TN and pH, while Lactobacillus, Acidothermus, and Monascus were positively correlated with flavone, AE, and catechins in tea trees. In conclusion, intercropping with P. ostreatus can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and the composition and structure of microbial communities in tea gardens, which has significant potential for application in monoculture tea gardens with acidic soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkai Yang
- College of Tea Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jiaojiao Qu
- College of Tea Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Lu Qiao
- Institute of Fungus Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Meiling Jiang
- College of Tea Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiao Zou
- Institute of Fungus Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Wen H, Dan P, Liu T, Li Z, Chen X, Cao Y, Li Y, Yan W. Allelopathic Mechanisms in Camellia oleifera- Arachis hypogaea L. Intercropping. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19434-19444. [PMID: 38014643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Tree-crop intercropping is of great significance in food security, land protection, and sustainable agriculture. However, the mechanisms of allelopathy between plant species during intercropping are still limited. This study focuses on the allelopathic effects in the intercropping between Camellia oleifera and Arachis hypogaea L. in southern China. We use different parts of the C. oleifera extract to evaluate their impact on peanut seed germination. The results showed that it has inhibitory effects on peanut germination and growth, with the fruit shell having the strongest inhibitory effect. Three main allelopathic substances affecting A. hypogaea germination and growth were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, namely, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, hexanal, and benzaldehyde. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses revealed their effects on glutathione metabolism pathways and specific gene expression. In summary, this study reveals the allelopathic interaction mechanism between C. oleifera and A. hypogaea, which helps to better understand the role of allelopathy in intercropping practices between trees and crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wen
- Life and Science Department, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology Information, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Peipei Dan
- Life and Science Department, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Life and Science Department, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Ziqian Li
- Life and Science Department, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- College of Arts and Sciences, Governors State University, University Park, Illinois 60484, United States
| | - Yini Cao
- Life and Science Department, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- Laboratory of Urban Forest Ecology of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Yong Li
- Life and Science Department, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- Laboratory of Urban Forest Ecology of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Wende Yan
- Life and Science Department, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- Laboratory of Urban Forest Ecology of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
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Shang X, Hui L, Jianlong Z, Hao Z, Cao C, Le H, Weimin Z, Yang L, Gao Y, Hou X. The application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhances the tolerance of tobacco seedling to salt stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 265:115512. [PMID: 37757625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a novel and an efficient strategy for improving soil degradation and productivity. However, the effect of PGPR on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seedling growth under salt stress remains unclear. Here, microcosm experiments were designed to verify the effects of Bacillus cereus TC012 (BC), Bacillus methylotrophicus TC023 (BM), and Bacillus amyloliquefacien TC037 (BA) on tobacco grown in salt-affected soil. The results showed that BC, BM, and BA treatments significantly increased the height of tobacco plants by 38.65%, 91.94%, and 90.66%, respectively. Furthermore, the growth of various components of tobacco plant, such as stem girth, seedling biomass, carotenoid, and chlorophyll were stimulated in salt-affected soils. The changes in the salinity of the tobacco plant mostly relies on the improvement of proline, soluble protein, soluble sugar content, plant protective enzymatic activity, and K+/Na+ ratios. Increases in indole-3-acetic acid, zeatin riboside and gibberellic acid also promoted tobacco growth. Additionally, inoculation with PGPR enhanced the enzymatic activity of laccase, urease, neutral protease, acid phosphatase, and sucrase in soil samples and had positive effects on the physicochemical properties. The soil bacterial communities significantly improved after inoculation with PGPR. In particular, the relative abundance of Pseudomonas and Bacillus significantly increased. Overall, PGPR inoculation has great potential to alleviate salt damage in tobacco plants and may have far reaching benefits to the agricultural community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchao Shang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Liu Hui
- Yunnan Tobacco Leaf Company, Kunming 650218, China
| | | | - Zong Hao
- Shandong Linyi Tobacco Co., Ltd., Linyi 276000, China
| | - Changdai Cao
- Shandong Rizhao Tobacco Co., Ltd., Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Hou Le
- Shandong China Tobacco Industry Co., Ltd. Jinan Cigarette Factory, Jinan 250104, China
| | - Zhang Weimin
- Yunnan Tobacco Leaf Company, Kunming 650218, China
| | - Long Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yun Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Xin Hou
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
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Wang Z, Yan W, Peng Y, Wan M, Farooq TH, Fan W, Lei J, Yuan C, Wang W, Qi Y, Chen X. Biomass Production and Carbon Stocks in Poplar-Crop Agroforestry Chronosequence in Subtropical Central China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2451. [PMID: 37447011 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Agroforest systems have been widely recognized as an integrated approach to sustainable land use for addressing the climate change problem because of their greater potential to sequester atmospheric CO2 with multiple economic and ecological benefits. However, the nature and extent of the effects of an age-sequence of agroforestry systems on carbon (C) storage remain largely unknown. To reveal the influence of different aged poplar-crop systems on C stocks, we investigated the variation in biomass and C storage under four aged poplar-crop agroforest systems (3-, 9-, 13-, and 17-year-old) in the Henan province of China. The results showed that stand biomass increased with forest age, ranging from 26.9 to 121.6 t/ha in the corresponding four aged poplar-crop systems. The poplar tree biomass accounted for >80% of the total stand biomass in these poplar-crop agroforestry systems, except in the 3-year-old agroforestry system. The average stand productivity peaked in a 9-year-old poplar-crop system (11.8 t/ha/yr), the next was in 13- and 17-year-old agroforestry systems, and the minimum was found in 3-year-old poplar-crop stands (4.8 t/ha/yr). The total C stocks increased, with aging poplar-crop systems ranging from 99.7 to 189.2 t/ha in the studied agroforestry systems. The proportion of C stocks accounted for about 6, 25, and 69% of the total C stocks in the crop, poplar tree, and soil components in all studied agroforestry ecosystems, respectively. Our results suggested that the poplar-crop system, especially in productive and mature stages, is quite an effective agroforestry model to increase the study site's biomass production and C stocks. This study highlighted the importance of agroforestry systems in C storage. It recommended the poplar-crop agroforest ecosystems as a viable option for sustainable production and C mitigation in the central region of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Wende Yan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry and Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yuanying Peng
- College of Arts and Sciences, Lewis University, Romeoville, IL 60446, USA
| | - Meng Wan
- Henan Forestry Research Institute, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Taimoor Hassan Farooq
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry and Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Bangor College China, a Joint Unit of Bangor University and Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Henan Forestry Research Institute, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Junjie Lei
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Chenglin Yuan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry and Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Wancai Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yaqin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- College of Arts and Sciences, Governors State University, University Park, IL 60484, USA
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9
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Liu Z, Liu G, Guo X, Li Y, Ji N, Xu X, Sun Q, Yang J. Diversity of the protease-producing bacteria and their extracellular protease in the coastal mudflat of Jiaozhou Bay, China: in response to clam naturally growing and aquaculture. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1164937. [PMID: 37275176 PMCID: PMC10236810 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1164937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The booming mudflat aquaculture poses an accumulation of organic matter and a certain environmental threat. Protease-producing bacteria are key players in regulating the nitrogen content in ecosystems. However, knowledge of the diversity of protease-producing bacteria in coastal mudflats is limited. This study investigated the bacterial diversity in the coastal mudflat, especially protease-producing bacteria and their extracellular proteases, by using culture-independent methods and culture-dependent methods. The clam aquaculture area exhibited a higher concentration of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus when compared with the non-clam area, and a lower richness and diversity of bacterial community when compared with the clam naturally growing area. The major classes in the coastal mud samples were Bacteroidia, Gammaproteobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria. The Bacillus-like bacterial community was the dominant cultivated protease-producing group, accounting for 52.94% in the non-clam area, 30.77% in the clam naturally growing area, and 50% in the clam aquaculture area, respectively. Additionally, serine protease and metalloprotease were the principal extracellular protease of the isolated coastal bacteria. These findings shed light on the understanding of the microbes involved in organic nitrogen degradation in coastal mudflats and lays a foundation for the development of novel protease-producing bacterial agents for coastal mudflat purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangchao Liu
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuzhen Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Na Ji
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Xingfeng Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingjie Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
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10
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Zhang M, Li X, Wang X, Feng J, Zhu S. Potassium fulvic acid alleviates salt stress of citrus by regulating rhizosphere microbial community, osmotic substances and enzyme activities. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1161469. [PMID: 37035078 PMCID: PMC10076529 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1161469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress damage to plants has been becoming a global concern for agriculture. The application of potassium fulvic acid (PFA) is a promising strategy to alleviate the damage to plants and improve soil quality. However, the study of PFA on plant growth and rhizosphere microbial community remains limited. In this study, microcosmic experiments were conducted to verify the effect of PFA on citrus. Trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata), the most important citrus rootstock, was used to evaluate the effect of PFA on salt damage. The results showed that PFA significantly increased the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid by 30.09%, 17.55% and 27.43%, and effectively avoided the yellowing and scorching of leaves under salt stress. Based on the results of two-way ANOVA, the mitigation of salt stress on trifoliate seedlings primarily attributed to the enhancement of protective enzyme activities, K+/Na+ ratio and the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline. Moreover, PFA enhanced neutral protease (S-NPT), sucrase (S-SC) and urease (S-UE) of rhizosphere soil and improved soil nutrition status. The abundance of Bacillus, a kind of rhizosphere beneficial bacteria, was improved by PFA under salt stress, which was mainly associated with the increased activities of S-NPT, S-SC and S-UE. Overall, the application of PFA showed great potential for the alleviation of salt damage on citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Zhang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Jipeng Feng
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiping Zhu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Beibei, Chongqing, China
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11
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Hussain MI, Muscolo A, Ahmed M. Plant Responses to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses: Crosstalk between Biochemistry and Ecophysiology. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3294. [PMID: 36501330 PMCID: PMC9737920 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures (cold and heat) and oxidative stress, are often interrelated; these conditions singularly or in combination induce cellular damage [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Plant Biology & Soil Science, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Adele Muscolo
- Department of Agriculture, Mediterranea University, Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Mukhtar Ahmed
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Agronomy, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Murree Road, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
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12
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Pea-Tea Intercropping Improves Tea Quality through Regulating Amino Acid Metabolism and Flavonoid Biosynthesis. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223746. [PMID: 36429338 PMCID: PMC9689014 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pea-tea intercropping is an excellent cultivation method that can improve tea quality. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. The present study was aimed at elucidating the mechanism of the effect of pea-tea intercropping on tea quality through a high-throughput method. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses were conducted to identify the changes in gene expression and metabolites changes intercropping, respectively. In addition, the amino acids and catechins were detected using the LC-MS method and quantified absolutely. The results showed that total polyphenols and catechins decreased but amino acids increased in pea intercropped tea shoots. Correspondingly, genes related to amino acid metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis were differentially expressed. For amino acid metabolism, 11 differentially expressed genes were identified, including 5 upregulated and 6 downregulated genes. Meanwhile, three genes involved in carbohydrate transport and metabolism were upregulated in pea intercropped tea plants. These genes were also involved in amino acid metabolism. For flavonoid biosynthesis, two downregulated genes were identified, which were the flavonol synthase and anthocyanidin synthase genes and followed a similar pattern to changes in catechins and polyphenols. These advances have opened new horizons for understanding the biochemical mechanisms of amino acids and flavonoids in improving tea quality in the pea-tea intercropping cultivation model.
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13
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Sun L, Dong X, Wang Y, Maker G, Agarwal M, Ding Z. Tea-Soybean Intercropping Improves Tea Quality and Nutrition Uptake by Inducing Changes of Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2149. [PMID: 36363740 PMCID: PMC9697773 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The positive aspects of the tea plant/legume intercropping system draw attention to the Chinese tea industry for its benefit for soil fertility improvement with low fertilizer input. However, limited information exists as to the roles of intercropped legumes in the rhizosphere microbiome and tea quality. Hereby, soybean was selected as the intercropped plant to investigate its effect on bacterial communities, nutrient competition, tea plant development, and tea quality. Our data showed that intercropped soybean boosted the uptake of nitrogen in tea plants and enhanced the growth of young tea shoots. Nutrient competition for phosphorus and potassium in soil existed between soybeans and tea plants. Moreover, tea/soybean intercropping improved tea quality, manifested by a significantly increased content of non-ester type catechins (C, EGC, EC), total catechins and theanine, and decreased content of ester type catechins (EGCG). Significant differences in rhizobacterial composition were also observed under different systems. At the genus level, the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Bradyrhizobium, Saccharimonadales and Mycobacterium, was significantly increased with the intercropping system, while the relative abundance of denitrifying bacteria, Pseudogulbenkiania, was markedly decreased. Correlation analysis showed that Pseudogulbenkiania, SBR1031, and Burkholderiaceae clustered together showing a similar correlation with soil physicochemical and tea quality characteristics; however, other differential bacteria showed the opposite pattern. In conclusion, tea/soybean intercropping improves tea quality and nutrition uptake by increasing the relative abundance of beneficial rhizosphere bacteria and decreasing denitrifying bacteria. This study strengthens our understanding of how intercropping system regulate the soil bacterial community to maintain the health of soils in tea plantations and provides the basis for replacing chemical fertilizers and improving the ecosystem in tea plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litao Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Xue Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Garth Maker
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Manjree Agarwal
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Scientific Service Division, Chemcentre, Government of Western Australia, B.No. 500, Corner of Manning Road and Townsing Drive, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
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14
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Zou Y, Shen F, Zhong Y, Lv C, Pokharel SS, Fang W, Chen F. Impacts of Intercropped Maize Ecological Shading on Tea Foliar and Functional Components, Insect Pest Diversity and Soil Microbes. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11141883. [PMID: 35890516 PMCID: PMC9319426 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ecological shading fueled by maize intercropping in tea plantations can improve tea quality and flavor, and efficiently control the population occurrence of main insect pests. In this study, tea plants were intercropped with maize in two planting directions from east to west (i.e., south shading (SS)) and from north to south (i.e., east shading (ES) and west shading (WS)) to form ecological shading, and the effects on tea quality, and the population occurrence and community diversity of insect pests and soil microbes were studied. When compared with the non-shading control, the tea foliar nutrition contents of free fatty acids have been significantly affected by the ecological shading. SS, ES, and WS all significantly increased the foliar content of theanine and caffeine and the catechin quality index in the leaves of tea plants, simultaneously significantly reducing the foliar content of total polyphenols and the phenol/ammonia ratio. Moreover, ES and WS both significantly reduced the population occurrences of Empoasca onukii and Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Ecological shading significantly affected the composition of soil microbial communities in tea plantations, in which WS significantly reduced the diversity of soil microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zou
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Fangyuan Shen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Yanni Zhong
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Changning Lv
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Sabin Saurav Pokharel
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Wanping Fang
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (W.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Fajun Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.Z.); (F.S.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.); (S.S.P.)
- Correspondence: (W.F.); (F.C.)
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15
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Influence of organic manures on soil nutrient content, microbial population, yield and quality parameters of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Bhagwa. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266675. [PMID: 35436290 PMCID: PMC9015131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last era in India, the use of chemical fertilizer has increased tremendously. The excessive use of these chemicals leads to the degradation of soil quality, health, as well as nutritional status. These are also causing a degradation of human health. This experiment was conducted during Mrig Bahar (July to December) during two consecutive years (2019–2020)in a randomized block design with three replications in which six-year-old 42 pomegranate plants were tested with 14 treatments of different organic manures. Findings showed that in the various treatments, the organic combination T13-Jeevamrut 16.08 L plant-1 + Vermicompost 24.79 kg plant-1 had a significant effect on the nutritional status (available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium) and microbial population (fungi, bacterial, and actinomycetes count). In addition, T13-Jeevamrut 16.08 L plant-1 + Vermicompost 24.79 kg plant-1 found a significant effect on fruit yield characteristics like fruit plant-1 (122.00), fruit yield (17.38 kg plant-1), fruit weight (192.50 g) and fruit quality characteristics such as fruit juice percent (52.92%), and total sugar (11.92%).
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16
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Various Fertilization Managements Influence the Flowering Attributes, Yield Response, Biochemical Activity and SoilNutrient Status of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.). SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14084561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Optimal nutrient management is critical for optimizing flowering, yield, quality and improving soil health. A key approach for making chrysanthemum crop cultivation profitable is balanced fertigation at the right time. This is possible by fertigation through drip. The present study was designed in 2019–2021 at a model floriculture center, Pantnagar, to investigate the response of split application of NPK through drip fertigation on flowering attributes, yield, biochemical activity and soil nutrient status of chrysanthemum. Plants received application of NPK with five treatment combinations: T1-NPK @ 100:150:100 kg/ha/year, T2-NPK @ 100:150:100 kg/ha/year, T3-NPK @ 100:150:100 kg/ha/year, T4-NPK @ 75:112.5:75 kg/ha/year and T5-NPK @ 75:112.5:75 kg/ha/year at vegetative, bud and flowering stages. The results reveal that the plants treated with treatment T3 (NPK @ 100:150:100 kg/ha/year) exhibited maximum increases in floral bud diameter (31.45%), number of inflorescences per branch (24.44%), diameter of inflorescence (15.32–28.44%), weight of inflorescence (24.30%), stem diameter, inflorescence stem length, number of inflorescences per plant (6.16%), number of inflorescences per hectare (53.46%), chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content, total chlorophyll content (40.20%), carotene content of inflorescence (69.56%), organic carbon (1.22-fold), available nitrogen content (7.46%), available phosphorus and available potassium (1.14-fold) compared to the control. Conclusively, the results suggest that split application of NPK through drip fertigation may improve the inflorescence attributes, yield, biochemical activity and soil nutrient status of chrysanthemum.
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17
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Huang Z, Cui C, Cao Y, Dai J, Cheng X, Hua S, Wang W, Duan Y, Petropoulos E, Wang H, Zhou L, Fang W, Zhong Z. Tea plant-legume intercropping simultaneously improves soil fertility and tea quality by changing bacillus species composition. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac046. [PMID: 35184199 PMCID: PMC9123240 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tea plant is an economically important crop in China, but long-term monoculture and substantial chemical nitrogen fertilizer input cause soil acidification, which in turn affects the nutrient supply and tea quality. Intercropping has drawn more attention in tea gardens because this pattern is expected to improve soil fertility and tea quality and change the soil microbial community composition. However, the roles of some key microorganisms in rhizosphere soils have not been well characterized. Hereby, a "soybean in summer and smooth vetch in winter" mode was selected to investigate the effects of intercropped legumes in a tea garden on soil fertility, tea quality, and the potential changes in beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus. Our data showed that when soybeans were turned into soil, intercropping system exhibited higher soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), tea quality indices and the expression of Camellia sinensis glutamine synthetase gene (CsGS). Notably, intercropping significantly affected the bacterial communities and decreased the relative abundance of Bacillus but increased its absolute abundance. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BM1 was isolated from intercropped soil and showed outstanding plant growth-promoting (PGP) properties when coinoculated with rhizobia. In winter, intercropping with smooth vetch had a beneficial effect on soil properties and tea quality. Comparably, coinoculation with strain BM1 and Rhizobium leguminosarum Vic5 on smooth vetch (Vicia villosa) showed huge improvements in SOM, TN and quality of tea leaves, accompanied by the highest level of amino acids and lowest levels of polyphenol and caffeine (p < 0.05). According to these results, our findings demonstrate that intercropping with some legumes in the tea garden is a strategy that increases SOM, TN and tea quality, and some PGP Bacillus species are optional to obtain an amplification effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunhong Cui
- College of Resource and Environment Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yajun Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinghui Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyue Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaowei Hua
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Duan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | | | - Hui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lixiang Zhou
- College of Resource and Environment Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wanping Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zengtao Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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18
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Farooq TH, Xincheng X, Shakoor A, Rashid MHU, Bashir MF, Nawaz MF, Kumar U, Shahzad SM, Yan W. Spatial distribution of carbon dynamics and nutrient enrichment capacity in different layers and tree tissues of Castanopsis eyeri natural forest ecosystem. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:10250-10262. [PMID: 34519003 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Forest ecosystem carbon (C) storage primarily includes vegetation layers C storage, litter C storage, and soil C storage. The precise assessment of forest ecosystem C storage is a major concern that has drawn widespread attention in global climate change worldwide. This study explored the C storage of different layers of the forest ecosystem and the nutrient enrichment capacity of the vegetation layer to the soil in the Castanopsis eyeri natural forest ecosystem (CEF) present in the northeastern Hunan province, central China. The direct field measurements were used for the estimations. Results illustrate that trunk biomass distribution was 48.42% and 62.32% in younger and over-mature trees, respectively. The combined biomass of the understory shrub, herb, and litter layers was 10.46 t·hm-2, accounting for only 2.72% of the total forest biomass. On average, C content increased with the tree age increment. The C content of tree, shrub, and herb layers was 45.68%, 43.08%, and 35.76%, respectively. Litter C content was higher in the undecomposed litter (44.07 %). Soil C content continually decreased as the soil depth increased, and almost half of soil C was stored in the upper soil layer. Total C stored in CEF was 329.70 t·hm-2 and it follows the order: tree layer > soil layer > litter layer > shrub layer > herb layer, with C storage distribution of 51.07%, 47.80%, 0.78%, 0.25%, and 0.10%, respectively. Macronutrient enrichment capacity from vegetation layers to soil was highest in the herb layer and lowest in the tree layer, whereas no consistent patterns were observed for trace elements. This study will help understand the production mechanism and ecological process of the C. eyeri natural forest ecosystem and provide the basics for future research on climate mitigation, nutrient cycling, and energy exchange in developing and utilizing sub-tropical vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taimoor Hassan Farooq
- Bangor College China, a Joint Unit of Bangor University and Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry and Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Xen Xincheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry and Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Awais Shakoor
- Department of Environment and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, Avinguda Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Muhammad Haroon U Rashid
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Uttam Kumar
- Institute of Applied Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Sher Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Wende Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry and Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
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19
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Influence of Intraspecific Competition Stress on Soil Fungal Diversity and Composition in Relation to Tree Growth and Soil Fertility in Sub-Tropical Soils under Chinese Fir Monoculture. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su131910688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Soil microorganisms provide valuable ecosystem services, such as nutrient cycling, soil remediation, and biotic and abiotic stress resistance. There is increasing interest in exploring total belowground biodiversity across ecological scales to understand better how different ecological aspects, such as stand density, soil properties, soil depth, and plant growth parameters, influence belowground communities. In various environments, microbial components of belowground communities, such as soil fungi, respond differently to soil features; however, little is known about their response to standing density and vertical soil profiles in a Chinese fir monoculture plantation. This research examined the assemblage of soil fungal communities in different density stands (high, intermediate, and low) and soil depth profiles (0–20 cm and 20–40 cm). This research also looked into the relationship between soil fungi and tree canopy characteristics (mean tilt angle of the leaf (MTA), leaf area index (LAI), and canopy openness index (DIFN)), and general growth parameters, such as diameter, height, and biomass. The results showed that low-density stand soil had higher fungal alpha diversity than intermediate- and high-density stand soils. Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mucromycota, and Mortierellomycota were the most common phyla of the soil fungal communities, in that order. Saitozyma, Penicillium, Umbelopsis, and Talaromyces were the most abundant fungal genera. Stand density composition was the dominant factor in changing fungal community structure compared to soil properties and soil depth profiles. The most significant soil elements in soil fungal community alterations were macronutrients. In addition, the canopy openness index and fungal community structure have a positive association in the low-density stand. Soil biota is a nutrient cycling driver that can promote better plant growth in forest ecosystems by supporting nutrient cycling. Hence, this research will be critical in understanding soil fungal dynamics, improving stand growth and productivity, and improving soil quality in intensively managed Chinese fir plantations.
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20
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Unraveling the Influence of Land-Use Change on δ 13C, δ 15N, and Soil Nutritional Status in Coniferous, Broadleaved, and Mixed Forests in Southern China: A Field Investigation. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081499. [PMID: 34451544 PMCID: PMC8398092 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural isotopic abundance in soil and foliar can provide integrated information related to the long-term alterations of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles in forest ecosystems. We evaluated total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and isotopic natural abundance of C (δ13C) and N (δ15N) in soil and foliar of coniferous plantation (CPF), natural broadleaved forest (NBF), and mixed forest stands at three different soil depths (i.e., 0–10, 10–20, and 20–40 cm). This study also explored how soil available nutrients are affected by different forest types. Lutou forest research station, located in Hunan Province, central China, was used as the study area. Results demonstrated that the topsoil layer had higher TC and TN content in the mixed forest stand, resulting in a better quality of organic materials in the topsoil layer in the mixed forest than NBF and CPF. In general, soil TC, TN, and δ15N varied significantly in different soil depths and forest types. However, the forest type did not exhibit any significant effect on δ13C. Overall, soil δ13C was significantly enriched in CPF, and δ15N values were enriched in mixed forest. Foliar C content varied significantly among forest types, whereas foliar N content was not significantly different. No big differences were observed for foliar δ15N and δ13C across forest types. However, foliar δ13C and δ15N were positively related to soil δ13C and δ15N, respectively. Foliar N, soil and foliar C:N ratio, soil moisture content (SMC), and forest type were observed as the major influential factors affecting isotopic natural abundance, whereas soil pH was not significantly correlated. In addition, forest type change and soil depth increment had a significant effect on soil nutrient availability. In general, soil nutrient availability was higher in mixed forest. Our findings implied that forest type and soil depth alter TC, TN, and soil δ15N, whereas δ13C was only driven by soil depth. Moreover, plantations led to a decline in soil available nutrient content compared with NBF and mixed forest stands.
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