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Ebsa G, Gizaw B, Admassie M, Desalegn A, Alemu T. Screening, characterization and optimization of potential dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) degrading fungi. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33289. [PMID: 39022069 PMCID: PMC11253139 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane is an organo-chlorine insecticide used for malaria and agricultural pest control, but it is the most persistent pollutant, endangering both human and environmental health. The primary aim of the research is to screen, characterize, and assess putative fungi that degrade DDT for mycoremediation. Samples of soil and wastewater were gathered from Addis Ababa, Koka, and Ziway. Fungi were isolated and purified using potato dextrose media. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption, Ionization, and Flight Duration The technique of mass spectrometry was employed to identify fungi. It was found that the finally selected isolate, AS1, was Aspergillus niger. Based on growth factor optimization at DDT concentrations (0, 3500, and 7000 ppm), temperatures (25, 30, and 35 °C), and pH levels (4, 7, and 10), the potential DDT-tolerant fungal isolates were investigated. A Box-Behnken experimental design was used to analyze and optimize fungal biomass and sporulation. The highest biomass (0.981 ± 0.22 g) and spore count (5.60 ± 0.32 log/mL) of A. niger were found through optimization assessment, and this fungus was chosen as a potential DDT-degrader. For DDT degradation investigations by A. niger in DDT-amended liquid media, gas chromatograph-electron capture detector technology was employed. DDT and its main metabolites, DDE and DDD, were eliminated from both media to the tune of 96-99 % at initial DDT concentrations of 1750, 3500, 5250, and 7000 ppm. In conclusion, it is a promising candidate for detoxifying and/or removing DDT and its breakdown products from contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girma Ebsa
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box: 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanu Gizaw
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box: 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mesele Admassie
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box: 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Asnake Desalegn
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box: 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Alemu
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box: 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Khan W, Zhu Y, Khan A, Zhao L, Yang YM, Wang N, Hao M, Ma Y, Nepal J, Ullah F, Rehman MMU, Abrar M, Xiong YC. Above-and below-ground feedback loop of maize is jointly enhanced by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in drier soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170417. [PMID: 38280611 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Drought is a potent abiotic stressor that arrests crop growth, significantly affecting crop health and yields. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can offer to protect plants from stressful environments through improving water, and nutrient use efficiency by strengthening plant root structure and harnessing favorable rhizosphere environments. When Acaulospora laevis (AMF) and Bacillus subtilus (PGPR) are introduced in combination, enhanced root growth and beneficial microbial colonization can mitigate drought stress. To assess this potential, a pot experiment was done with maize (Zea mays L.) to explore the effects of A. laevis and B. subtilus under different water levels (well-watered = 80 %; moderate water stress = 55 %; and severe water stress = 35 %) on maize yield, soil microbial activities, nutrients contents, root, and leaf functioning. Plants exposed to severe drought stress hampered their root and leaf functioning, and reduced grain yield compared with control plants. Combined use of AMF and PGPR increased root colonization (104.6 %-113.2 %) and microbial biomass carbon (36.38 %-40.23 %) under moderate to severe drought conditions over control. Higher root colonization was strongly linked with elevated ACC (aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) production, subsequently enhancing water use efficiency (21.62 %-12.77 %), root hydraulic conductivity (1.9 %-1.4 %) and root nutrient uptake under moderate to severe drought conditions. Enhanced nutrient uptake further promoted leaf photosynthetic rate by 27.3 %-29.8 % under moderate and severe drought stress. Improving leaf and root physiological functioning enhanced maize grain yield under stressful environments. Furthermore, co-inoculation with AMF-PGPR reduced cellular damage by lowering oxidative enzyme levels and increasing antioxidative enzyme activities, improving plant performance and grain yield under stressful environments. Conclusively, the synergistic interaction of AMF with PGPR ensured plant stress tolerance by reducing cellular injury, facilitating root-leaf functioning, enhancing nutrient-water-use-efficiencies, and increasing yield under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Sciences/College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Application, Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Aziz Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Sciences/College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Sciences/College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yu-Miao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Sciences/College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Sciences/College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Meng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Sciences/College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Sciences/College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jaya Nepal
- Department of Soil, Water & Ecosystem Sciences, Indian River Research Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Fazal Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Sciences/College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Muhammad Maqsood Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Sciences/College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Muhammad Abrar
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Sciences/College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - You-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems, School of Life Sciences/College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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Nagy VD, Zhumakayev A, Vörös M, Bordé Á, Szarvas A, Szűcs A, Kocsubé S, Jakab P, Monostori T, Škrbić BD, Mohai E, Hatvani L, Vágvölgyi C, Kredics L. Development of a Multicomponent Microbiological Soil Inoculant and Its Performance in Sweet Potato Cultivation. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040914. [PMID: 37110337 PMCID: PMC10143537 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The cultivation and consumption of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) are increasing globally. As the usage of chemical fertilizers and pest control agents during its cultivation may lead to soil, water and air pollution, there is an emerging need for environment-friendly, biological solutions enabling increased amounts of healthy crop and efficient disease management. Microbiological agents for agricultural purposes gained increasing importance in the past few decades. Our goal was to develop an agricultural soil inoculant from multiple microorganisms and test its application potential in sweet potato cultivation. Two Trichoderma strains were selected: Trichoderma ghanense strain SZMC 25217 based on its extracellular enzyme activities for the biodegradation of plant residues, and Trichoderma afroharzianum strain SZMC 25231 for biocontrol purposes against fungal plant pathogens. The Bacillus velezensis strain SZMC 24986 proved to be the best growth inhibitor of most of the nine tested strains of fungal species known as plant pathogens, therefore it was also selected for biocontrol purposes against fungal plant pathogens. Arthrobacter globiformis strain SZMC 25081, showing the fastest growth on nitrogen-free medium, was selected as a component with possible nitrogen-fixing potential. A Pseudomonas resinovorans strain, SZMC 25872, was selected for its ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid, which is among the important traits of potential plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). A series of experiments were performed to test the selected strains for their tolerance to abiotic stress factors such as pH, temperature, water activity and fungicides, influencing the survivability in agricultural environments. The selected strains were used to treat sweet potato in two separate field experiments. Yield increase was observed for the plants treated with the selected microbial consortium (synthetic community) in comparison with the control group in both cases. Our results suggest that the developed microbial inoculant has the potential to be used in sweet potato plantations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about the successful application of a fungal-bacterial consortium in sweet potato cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Dávid Nagy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anuar Zhumakayev
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Vörös
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ádám Bordé
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Szeged, Andrássy Street 15, 6800 Hódmezővásárhely, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Szarvas
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Szeged, Andrássy Street 15, 6800 Hódmezővásárhely, Hungary
| | - Attila Szűcs
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Jakab
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Szeged, Andrássy Street 15, 6800 Hódmezővásárhely, Hungary
| | - Tamás Monostori
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Szeged, Andrássy Street 15, 6800 Hódmezővásárhely, Hungary
| | - Biljana D. Škrbić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Edina Mohai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lóránt Hatvani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Kredics
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
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Plant-Microbe Interaction in Sustainable Agriculture: The Factors That May Influence the Efficacy of PGPM Application. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14042253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has caused considerable environmental damage over the years. However, the growing demand for food in the coming years and decades requires the use of increasingly productive and efficient agriculture. Several studies carried out in recent years have shown how the application of plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPMs) can be a valid substitute for chemical industry products and represent a valid eco-friendly alternative. However, because of the complexity of interactions created with the numerous biotic and abiotic factors (i.e., environment, soil, interactions between microorganisms, etc.), the different formulates often show variable effects. In this review, we analyze the main factors that influence the effectiveness of PGPM applications and some of the applications that make them a useful tool for agroecological transition.
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Wilkes T, Warner D. An evaluation for the medium-term storage and viability of root cortex tissues stained with blue ink in the assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Access Microbiol 2021; 3:000292. [PMID: 35018332 PMCID: PMC8742592 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sheaffer blue ink is an effective method to stain arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in a variety of plant species. It has, however, received criticism for its potential rapid degradation and short-term viability. The long and medium term storage and viability of stained samples has not, to date, been described for this particular staining method. This short communication reports on the viability of 730 samples stained with Sheaffer blue ink stored for the duration of 4 years in microscope slide boxes out of direct sunlight. There was no significant difference in micrograph image quality and presence of stain between years as indicated by the number of AM fungal structures quantified. In conclusion Sheaffer blue ink stain does not deteriorate in the medium term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wilkes
- Department of Psychology, Sport and Geography, School of Life and Medical Sciences, College Lane Campus, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Douglas Warner
- Agriculture and Environment Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, College Lane Campus, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK
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