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Craine EB, Davies A, Packer D, Miller ND, Schmöckel SM, Spalding EP, Tester M, Murphy KM. A comprehensive characterization of agronomic and end-use quality phenotypes across a quinoa world core collection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1101547. [PMID: 36875583 PMCID: PMC9978749 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), a pseudocereal with high protein quality originating from the Andean region of South America, has broad genetic variation and adaptability to diverse agroecological conditions, contributing to the potential to serve as a global keystone protein crop in a changing climate. However, the germplasm resources currently available to facilitate quinoa expansion worldwide are restricted to a small portion of quinoa's total genetic diversity, in part because of day-length sensitivity and issues related to seed sovereignty. This study aimed to characterize phenotypic relationships and variation within a quinoa world core collection. The 360 accessions were planted in a randomized complete block design with four replicates in each of two greenhouses in Pullman, WA during the summer of 2018. Phenological stages, plant height, and inflorescence characteristics were recorded. Seed yield, composition, thousand seed weight, nutritional composition, shape, size, and color were measured using a high-throughput phenotyping pipeline. Considerable variation existed among the germplasm. Crude protein content ranged from 11.24% to 17.81% (fixed at 14% moisture). We found that protein content was negatively correlated with yield and positively correlated with total amino acid content and days to harvest. Mean essential amino acids values met adult daily requirements but not leucine and lysine infant requirements. Yield was positively correlated with thousand seed weight and seed area, and negatively correlated with ash content and days to harvest. The accessions clustered into four groups, with one-group representing useful accessions for long-day breeding programs. The results of this study establish a practical resource for plant breeders to leverage as they strategically develop germplasm in support of the global expansion of quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alathea Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Daniel Packer
- Sustainable Seed Systems Laboratory, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Nathan D. Miller
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sandra M. Schmöckel
- Department Physiology of Yield Stability, Institute of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Edgar P. Spalding
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Mark Tester
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kevin M. Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
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Pulvento C, Bazile D. Worldwide Evaluations of Quinoa-Biodiversity and Food Security under Climate Change Pressures: Advances and Perspectives. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:868. [PMID: 36840215 PMCID: PMC9959060 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Cataldo Pulvento
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science (DISSPA) University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Didier Bazile
- CIRAD, UMR SENS, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- SENS, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
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Morillo Coronado AC, Castro MA, Manjarres Hernandez EH. Interpopulation characterization of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) from different agroecological environments of Colombia. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e271954. [PMID: 37132743 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.271954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chenopodium quinoa Willd. it is an Andean cereal of great importance for human consumption due to its high nutritional value. In Colombia there is a high phenotypic and genotypic variability within quinoa crops, which has not been studied and has been maintained by the same farmers cycle after production cycle. The objective of this study was to carry out an interpopulation characterization of quinoa cultivated in different producing municipalities of the department of Boyacá, in Colombia, for which 19 morphological descriptors were used, which were evaluated in situ in nine municipalities and analyzed through descriptive statistics, principal component analysis, correlation and conglomerates. In the evaluation of the quantitative traits for all the populations, it was observed that the most variable descriptors were Number of teeth lower leaf (DHI), Lower leaf length (LHI), Width upper leaf (AHI) and Number of teeth upper leaf (DHS). Great segregation between and within individuals of Blanca de Jericó and Piartal was observed for panicle and leaf color and shape, stem color, presence of teeth, and axils on upper and lower leaves. A classification key is proposed that allows in the field to be able to morphologically differentiate the genotypes of Piartal and Blanca de Jericó. This research shows that among the most cultivated genotypes in the department of Boyacá, there is still an important phenotypic diversity given at the inter and intra-individual level, due to the phenological state and the agroclimatological conditions of the different producing regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Morillo Coronado
- Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia - UPTC, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Grupo Competitividad, Innovación y Desarrollo Empresarial - CIDE, Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia
| | - M A Castro
- Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia - UPTC, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Grupo Competitividad, Innovación y Desarrollo Empresarial - CIDE, Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia
| | - E H Manjarres Hernandez
- Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia - UPTC, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Grupo Competitividad, Innovación y Desarrollo Empresarial - CIDE, Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia
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Trends and Limits for Quinoa Production and Promotion in Pakistan. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121603. [PMID: 35736754 PMCID: PMC9227182 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Quinoa is known as a super food due to its extraordinary nutritional qualities and has the potential to ensure future global food and nutritional security. As a model plant with halophytic behavior, quinoa has potential to meet the challenges of climate change and salinization due to its capabilities for survival in harsh climatic conditions. The quinoa crop has received worldwide attention due to its adoption and production expanded in countries out of the native Andean region. Quinoa was introduced to Pakistan in 2009 and it is still a new crop in Pakistan. The first quinoa variety was registered in 2019, then afterward, its cultivation started on a larger scale. Weed pressure, terminal heat stress, stem lodging, bold grain size, and an unstructured market are the major challenges in the production and promotion of the crop. The potential of superior features of quinoa has not been fully explored and utilized. Hence, there is a need to acquire more diverse quinoa germplasm and to establish a strong breeding program to develop new lines with higher productivity and improved crop features for the Pakistan market. Mechanized production, processing practices, and a structured market are needed for further scaling of quinoa production in Pakistan. To achieve these objectives, there is a dire need to create an enabling environment for quinoa production and promotion through the involvement of policymakers, research institutions, farmers associations, and the private sector.
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